19/02/2023

THE NEOPSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH

CARL JUNG’S ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY

CARL GUSTAV JUNG

• The only surviving son of a poor country pastor and a mother who suffered from
emotional disturbances
• His 2 older brothers died in infancy before he was born, a younger sister was
born when he was already 9 years old.
• He described his childhood as lonely & his personality introverted
• Jung originally wanted to be an archaeologist but studied medicine and later
specialized in psychiatry because of its subjective nature
• Jung’s theory was influenced by his interests in religion, mythology & the occult
• He met Freud in 1907 and became the 1st president of International
Psychoanalytic Society before they parted ways in 1913.
• Had a 3 year neurotic episode when he was 38 years old & was almost suicidal
• Died at the age of 86 but remained productive in his research & writing prior to
his death

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THE NATURE & STRUCTURE OF

PERSONALITY
• “Libido” – For Jung, it refers to psychic energy (different from Freud’s
use of libido = sexual drive)
“Libido”
• refers to an appetite that may refer to sexuality and to other hungers
as well
• It is striving, desiring and willing
• operates according to the principle of equivalence & entropy
• seeks balance and moves the person forward in a process of self
realization

THE NATURE & STRUCTURE OF

PERSONALITY
• PSYCHE – refers to al psychological processes; thoughts, feelings,
sensations, wishes and so forth
• Principle of opposites, equivalence & entropy (equalization of energy
differences)

• Personality – a complex network of interacting systems that strive toward

eventual harmony
• The Ego, the Personal Unconscious and the Collective Unconscious

• Freud’s unconscious= repressed material ; Jung’s unconscious = the

source of consciousness and the matrix of new possibilities of life

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THE EGO
• For Freud, it is the executor of personality
• For Jung, the EGO is one’s conscious mind, part of the psyche that
selects perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings that may enter
consciousness
• It is responsible for our feelings of identity
• It is however, NOT the true center of personality

THE PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS

AND COMPLEXES
• Here resides our perceptions, thoughts, feelings and
memories that have been put aside and may be easily
retrieved
• It also contains materials that are repressed and forgotten
• Experiences are grouped in PU into clusters, and Jung
refers to them as COMPLEXES
• A COMPLEX is an organized group of thoughts, feelings
and memories about a particular concept; core pattern
of emotions, memories perceptions, wishes organized
under a single theme
• A complex may be conscious, partly conscious or
unconscious.

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THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

AND THE ARCHETYPES
• An aspect of the personality that is transpersonal – it extends across persons
• It consist of certain potentialities that we all share because we are human
• All human beings experience emotions like joy, grief or anger, even when
ways of expressing may vary
• Humans all use language and symbolization.
• The collective unconscious can be manifested in our dreams, mythology or
cross cultural data
ARCHETYPE
• a universal thought form or predisposition in recurring themes / patterns to
respond to the world in certain ways
• It represents different potential ways in which we may express our humanness

PERSONA
• Often symbolized by a mask
• Universal manifestation of
our attempt to deal
appropriately with other
people
• Signifies the self we want
others to see
• May vary depending on
who we are with

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SHADOW
• symbolized by
darkness, repression
• qualities we do not
wish to acknowledge
but attempt to hide
from ourselves and
others
• first test of courage -
“realization of the
shadow”

ANIMA
• feminine archetype in
men
• “woman from within”
• second test of courage
• positive: inspiration,
sensitivity and gentleness
• negative: irrational
moods and feelings
• appears in dreams,
visions, and fantasies in
personified forms

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ANIMUS
• masculine
archetype in
women
• positive: strength,
courage, reason
and logic
• negative:
aggressive and
brash

WISE OLD MAN

• represents the power
of peaceful
contemplation
• The wise old man,
through quiet thought,
foresees the future and
offers guidance in
turbulent times
• Often portrayed as a
spiritual guide in
movies

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GREAT MOTHER
• embodies the idealized
qualities of the mother
figure
• She is caring,
compassionate,
dependable and loving
• Capable of fertility and
nourishment as well as
power and destruction
• Often portrayed by a
fairy godmother

HERO
• person who conquers
an evil foe but who
also has a tragic flaw
• usually starts out weak
but prevails in the end
• often encounters
dilemma or crisis

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Jung suggested that the

number of existing
archetypes was not static or
fixed.
Instead, many different
archetypes may overlap or
combine, creating new
archetypes such as the
father (a stern, powerful
authority figure), and the
trickster (a deceiver, liar,
and troublemaker).

• innate blueprint that is SELF ARCHETYPE

capable of being realized
• inherited tendency to
move toward growth,
perfection, and completion
• “archetype of archetypes”
• pulls together and unites
the other archetypes to
self-realization
• transcendent function –
provides stability and
balance to the various
systems of the personality
• symbol: mandala

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SELF REALIZATION & SYNCHRONICITY

• The self is in the process of self realization.
• Early childhood experiences are not very emphasized, “psychic birth”
emerges in adolescence & personality development continues
throughout life and the middle age marks the beginning of major
changes
• SYNCHRONICITY – could lead to self realization
• A phenomenon in which events are related to one another through
simultaneity and meaning
• Things that happen around us exist both psychic states: in the external
world and in the internal world (when archetypes emerge into
consciousness)

WHAT ARE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES ACCORDING TO JUNG?

• Attitudes – defined as a predisposition to act or react in a characteristic direction.
Jung insisted that people have both introverted and extraverted attitude, however
one dominates over the other and the other resides in the unconscious.
o Introversion– an inward direction of psychic energy that leads towards the
subjective mind. A person with this attitude usually turns into their own inner world
together with their fantasies, dreams, and perceptions.
o Extraversion–an outwards direction of psychic energy that leads towards an
individual’s objective mind. An individual with this orientation are influenced by
the environment that their own inner world.

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 Functions–can be combined with either introverted or extraverted attitude that

forms an eight distinct possible orientations or types.
o Sensing – an individual yields concrete facts or representations of the world
(concerned with 5 senses)
 Extraverted Sensing – when people perceive external stimuli objectively and
are not influenced by their subjective attitude.
 Introverted Sensing–people who are largely influenced by their subjective
attitude and interprets different stimuli based on their subjectivity.
o Thinking – this function is displayed through the use of cognition and intellect
when producing thoughts and ideas
 Extraverted Thinking–relies heavily on concrete and actual thoughts.
 Introverted Thinking–when people reacts to external stimuli but processes the
ideas based on their subjective nature.

o Feeling – the person tends to determine the value of things

 Extraverted Feeling–when people use objective data to make
evaluations.
 Introverted Feeling–their value judgment are largely influenced by their
subjectivity. Often ignores traditional beliefs.
o Intuiting – involves perception beyond the working of consciousness.
Compared to sensing, thinking and feeling this function is more creative
often adds or subtracts elements form conscious sensations.
 Extraverted Intuitive–They are often oriented towards the facts in the
external world, however merely perceives them subliminally.
 Introverted Intuitive–guided by the unconscious perception of facts and
stimuli and interprets these stimuli through their subjective attitude.

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QUESTIONS ABOUT HUMAN NATURE

• Free will and spontaneity, even when we are influenced by our past and
archetypes in the collective unconscious
• Mixed position in nature vs. nurture; drive towards individuation is innate
but can be aided or thwarted by life experience
• Rather than childhood, we are affected more by our experiences in
middle age & by our hopes & expectations for the future
• Each individual is unique but as we progress towards individuation in
middle age, we develop a more universal kind of personality
• Optimistic – motivated to grow and develop, strive to be better

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