Nov.

11, 2024 o Simulate a mini-election to

demonstrate the voting
Lesson Plan In Philippine Politics & Governance
process.
I. Learning Objectives
4. Conclusion and Q&A (10 minutes)
1. Define elections and discuss their purpose in
o Summarize the importance of
a democratic society.
elections and clarify any
2. Explain the importance of elections in the questions.
Philippines and their impact on governance.

II. Subject Matter

Assessment
Topic: Introduction to Elections In The
 Exit slip: “Why are elections essential
Philippines
Ref. : 1987 Consti. Book for democracy in the Philippines?”
IM’s: Power point presentation, chalk & board

Nov. 12, 2024

III. Procedures
Lesson Plan In Philippine Politics & Governance
1. Introduction (10 minutes)
I. Learning Objectives
o Begin with an overview of
elections as a tool for  Define political parties and explain their
democratic participation. functions.

o Briefly discuss different types of  Describe the different types of political

elections (local, national, parties in the Philippines.
special elections).
II. Subject Matter
2. Lecture and Discussion (20 minutes)
Topic: Political Parties & Its Roles In The
o Present the election process in Elections of Philippines
the Philippines, highlighting the Ref. : 1987 Consti. Book
IM’s: Power point presentation, chalk & board
roles of the Commission on
Elections (COMELEC).
III. Procedures
o Discuss terms such as suffrage,
voter registration, campaign 1. Introduction (10 minutes)
period, election day, and
o Recap the role of elections.
canvassing of votes.
Introduce the concept of
3. Activity: Election Simulation (10 political parties as organizations
minutes) that compete in elections.
o Divide the class into groups and 2. Lecture (15 minutes)
assign roles (e.g., candidates,
o Discuss the main functions of
voters, COMELEC officials).
political parties, including
representation, policy
 formulation, and leadership II. Subject Matter
recruitment.
Topic: The Role of Political Parties in Philippine
o Explain the types of political Elections
parties in the Philippines: Ref. : 1987 Consti. Book
national and local. IM’s: Power point presentation, chalk & board

3. Activity: Party Platform Creation (15

minutes) III. Procedures

o Divide students into groups to 1. Warm-Up Discussion (10 minutes)

create a mock political party. o Discuss current or recent
Have them develop a party election campaigns and the role
platform based on issues political parties played.
relevant to their age group.
2. Lecture and Case Study Discussion (20
o Each group presents their minutes)
platform to the class.
o Present case studies of recent
elections to highlight the role of
political parties in campaigning,
policy promotion, and
4. Conclusion (10 minutes) influencing voters.
o Summarize key points and o Discuss both positive (e.g.,
discuss how political parties political mobilization) and
contribute to the democratic negative (e.g., political
process. dynasties) impacts of parties.
Assessment 3. Group Activity: Debating Political
Influence (15 minutes)
 Group reflection: “What are the most
important qualities of an effective o Divide students into two groups
political party?” to debate: “Do political parties
help or hinder democracy in the
Philippines?”
Nov. 13, 2024
4. Conclusion (5 minutes)
Lesson Plan In Philippine Politics & Governance
o Wrap up by summarizing key
I. Learning Objectives points from the debate and
emphasizing critical thinking.
 Analyze the influence of political parties
on election outcomes. Assessment
 Describe how political parties support  Reflection: “What role do political
or hinder democratic processes. parties play in shaping democracy in the
Philippines?”
 Nov. 14, 2024 o Summarize ideas and
encourage students to consider
Lesson Plan In Philippine Politics & Governance
the importance of active
I. Learning Objectives citizenship and informed voting.

 Identify challenges facing elections and Assessment

political parties in the Philippines.
 Written reflection: “What reform would
 Propose potential reforms to improve you prioritize to improve the Philippine
electoral and party systems. electoral and party system, and why?”

II. Subject Matter

Topic: The Role of Political Parties in Philippine

Elections
Ref. : 1987 Consti. Book
IM’s: Power point presentation, chalk & board

III. Procedures

1. Introduction (10 minutes)

o Recap key topics: elections,

political parties, and their roles.
Introduce issues such as
election fraud, vote-buying,
political dynasties, and lack of
party loyalty.

2. Lecture on Electoral and Party Reforms

(15 minutes)

o Discuss reform proposals, such

as anti-dynasty laws, stricter
campaign finance laws, and
strengthening political party
systems.

3. Activity: Reform Proposals (15 minutes)

o In groups, students brainstorm

reforms to address current
issues with elections and
political parties.

o Groups present their proposals

and discuss feasibility.

4. Conclusion (10 minutes)

Key Terms in the Election Process registration is automatic when
citizens reach the legal voting age,
Understanding specific terms related to while in others, individuals must
elections is essential for grasping how the actively register.
electoral process functions. Here are 3. Campaign Period
definitions and discussions of some key The campaign period is the time
terms: frame during which candidates and
political parties promote their
1. Suffrage platforms and attempt to persuade
Suffrage refers to the right to vote in voters. This period is regulated to
political elections. It is a cornerstone ensure fair competition and
of democratic societies, empowering transparency. During campaigns,
citizens to participate in choosing candidates conduct various
their leaders and shaping public activities, such as public rallies,
policy. Historically, suffrage has debates, advertisements, and
expanded over time; for instance, it outreach initiatives, to share their
was initially limited by property views and policies with the
ownership, gender, race, or other electorate. Campaigns also offer a
restrictions in many countries. chance for voters to evaluate
Today, universal suffrage is widely candidates’ platforms and promises,
accepted, with most countries making this a critical period in the
granting voting rights to all eligible electoral process. Campaign
adult citizens. The eligibility criteria regulations often control spending
for suffrage vary, but commonly limits, advertising, and conduct to
include citizenship, a minimum age prevent undue influence and
(usually 18 or older), and, in some maintain an ethical election
cases, the absence of specific legal environment.
disqualifications. 4. Election Day
2. Voter Registration Election day is the designated date
Voter registration is the process by when registered voters cast their
which eligible citizens formally enroll ballots to elect public officials or
to vote in elections. This step is decide on specific issues in
crucial to ensuring that each voter referendums. Election day
can participate in elections without procedures vary by country, but it
duplicity or fraud. In many generally involves polling stations
countries, registration requires opening in the morning and closing
providing proof of identity, in the evening, with options for in-
residence, and citizenship, and it person or, in some cases, absentee
may involve periodic updates to or mail-in voting. Election day can be
maintain accuracy. Voter a public holiday to facilitate voting
registration deadlines typically occur and increase voter turnout. It is a
before the election to allow significant event in democratic
sufficient time for preparing voter systems, representing the
lists. In some countries, voter culmination of the electoral process
 and the moment when citizens accountable, and participate in the
exercise their right to influence democratic process.
government and policies.
5. Canvassing of Votes Types of Elections
Canvassing of votes is the official
process of counting and verifying all 1. General Elections:
ballots cast in an election.
Canvassing ensures that the results These elections determine who will
are accurate and legitimate. After hold public office for a specific term.
voting concludes, election officials For example, presidential,
parliamentary, and congressional
collect and tabulate ballots, often
elections allow voters to select
under strict observation to prevent
leaders at various government levels.
tampering or errors. The canvassing General elections are typically held
process can involve recounts and at regular intervals.
audits, particularly in closely
contested elections, and concludes 2. Primary Elections:
with the certification of the results.
Once canvassing is complete, the Primaries are elections within
winning candidates are officially political parties to select candidates
declared, and, in some cases, they who will represent them in the
are required to take an oath of office general election. Primaries can be
before assuming their positions. open (any registered voter can
participate) or closed (only registered
Together, these terms outline the key stages party members can vote).
and principles that uphold free, fair, and
transparent elections, contributing to the 3. Local Elections:
stability and credibility of democratic
governance. These involve the selection of
officials at the local level, such as
mayors, council members, and
governors. Local elections focus on
Introduction to Elections issues directly affecting
communities, making them
important for regional governance
Elections are a fundamental process in
and policy.
democratic societies, serving as a
mechanism for citizens to express their
choices regarding leaders, policies, and 4. Referendums and Ballot
governance structures. They represent the Initiatives: These are forms of direct
primary method by which public officials democracy in which citizens vote on
are selected and political power is specific issues or policies rather than
transferred peacefully and legitimately. electing a representative. This type
Through elections, people not only choose allows citizens to directly approve or
their representatives but also influence reject laws or constitutional
public policy, hold elected officials amendments.
 5. Special Elections: These elections assume office. Additionally, post-
are held outside of the regular election audits and recounts may
election schedule, often to fill a occur to ensure the accuracy and
vacant position. Special elections integrity of the results.
may occur when an officeholder
resigns, passes away, or is removed Importance of Elections
from office.
Elections play a critical role in maintaining
The Election Process the stability and accountability of a
democratic society. By giving citizens the
The election process generally follows these power to choose their leaders and voice their
stages: opinions on key issues, elections help foster
an inclusive political environment where
1. Candidate Nomination: Political different views are represented and debated.
parties select their candidates
through primary elections or party
conventions. Independent candidates
may also qualify by gathering
sufficient voter signatures.
2. Campaigning: Candidates engage in
campaigns to communicate their
policies and appeal to voters.
Campaigning includes public
appearances, debates,
advertisements, and other outreach
efforts to gain support.
3. Voter Registration and Education:
Citizens must register to vote, a
process that varies by country. Voter
education programs inform citizens
about candidates, issues, and the
voting process itself.
4. Voting: On election day, eligible
voters cast their ballots at designated
polling places, by mail, or through
online systems, depending on the
electoral system in place.
5. Vote Counting and Certification:
Once voting concludes, ballots are
counted, and results are tabulated.
Election authorities then certify the
results, officially recognizing the
elected candidates or referendum
outcomes.
6. Post-Election Processes: Following
certification, elected candidates