Standard Operating Procedures for

Handling Disasters

October 2021

Tamil Nadu Disaster Risk Reduction Agency

Commissionerate of Revenue Administration and

Disaster Management, Chennai – 600 005.

 Index

1. The need for Standard Operating Procedure 1

2. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) 1

3. Non-Negotiable Principle 1

4. Disaster Management Cycle 1

5. Preparedness Phase 2

i. Meetings 2

ii. Multi Stakeholder Participation 3

iii. Capacity Building 4

iv. Vulnerability analysis 4

v. Community participation 5

vi. Monitoring Mechanism 7

6. District Emergency Operations Centre (DEOC) 7

7. Safety Audits 8

8. Prepositioning of Men and Material 9

9. Arrangements to accommodate TNDRF, NDRF & 10

Central Forces
10. Arrangements in Transport Sector 10

11. Periodic Maintenance of existing infrastructure & 11

equipment
12. Periodic maintenance of Water Ways / Bodies 11

13. Rainwater Harvesting 12

14. Road and Rail Infrastructure over waterways 12

15. Updation of e-Adangal 13

16. Response during and after disasters 13

a) Arrangements at Relief Centres 13

b) Water, Sanitation & Hygiene 14

c) Public Health 14

17. Special care for Pregnant Women, Lactating 15

Mother, Senior Citizens and Differently abled in

the Relief Centres
18. Shelters for Animals & Care 16

19. Ensuring essential supplies and services to 16

people in disaster-affected areas.

20. Monitoring the movement of Fishermen 16

21. Water Quality Surveillance 16

22. Clearance of affected Areas: 17

23. Assessment of damages to life & property 18

24. Relief Distribution 19

25. Management of the dead in the aftermath of 19

disasters
26. NGO Coordination Centre 20

27. Financial Management 20

28. Transparency in Relief operations 20

29. Reporting system 20

30. Identification of teams and materials for 21

deployment in other districts

31. General 21

32. Media Management and Visibility 21

Annexures
33. Annexure I - Check List 23

34. Annexure II- Vulnerability Analysis 28

35. Annexure III- Guidelines for Conducting Mock 29

Drills
36. Annexure IV-Minimum Standard of Relief in 42

Relief Centres
37. Annexure V- Drought Monitoring 48

38. Annexure VI- Heatwave Management 49

39. Annexure VII- Thunderstorm & Lightning 84

40. Annexure VIII- Cyclone Warnings 91

41. Annexure IX- Preparedness for Landslide and its 94

Prevention
42. Annexure X- Do’s and Don’ts during 99

Earthquakes
43. Annexure XI- SOP for IDRN 101
The need for Standard Operating Procedure

The lessons of 2019, 2020 and 2021 so far, indicate that the
Natural Disasters are not confined to any particular monsoon season.
Floods, Cyclones, Drought, Heatwave, Thunder Storm & Lightning,
Earthquake, Landslides, Sea Erosion, Sea Water Incursion, Pest Attacks,
Forest Fire and Pandemic like COVID 19 and any other emerging
Disasters could strike any time. The experience of the past has also
shown that Natural Disasters cannot be prevented but with
"Preparedness" it is possible to minimize, the loss and damages. The
Standard Operating Procedure is to provide a concise list of important and
coordinated actions to be taken by the District Disaster Management
Authorities for Preparedness, Response, Relief and Prevention& Mitigation.
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
The Standard Operating Procedure lays down specific actions to be
taken by the DDMAs, Line Departments, Urban & Rural Local Bodies, for
responding to all-natural disasters/ emerging threatening disasters
irrespective of their magnitude and dimension.
Non-Negotiable Principle:
The prevailing COVID 19 pandemic situation demands that the
golden rules of Wearing Face Masks, Washing Hands with Soap or
Sanitizer frequently, Maintaining Social Distance and Getting Vaccinated
have to be strictly adhered to. The message that there can be no
compromise has to go deep down to the last person.
Disaster Management Cycle:
The Standard Operating Procedure covers all aspects of the disaster
management cycle viz covers Preparedness, Response, Recovery, disaster
risk reduction, Prevention & Mitigation and Building Back Better. It
1
recognizes that effective disaster management demands a comprehensive
framework encompassing multiple hazards.
The instructions contained in this SOP should not be regarded as
exhaustive of all the actions that might be considered necessary. The
DDMAs, Line Departments and the Urban and Rural Local Bodies have to
prepare detailed SOPs to translate each action point into many steps
required to be taken by each of them.

Preparedness Phase
Meetings
1. The District Collectors in their capacity as Chairman of the
District Disaster Management Authority shall convene the
meeting of DDMA and District Co-ordination Committee Meeting
2
 ahead of Monsoon Seasons in May/ September of every year and
as demanded by arising situations.
2. The DDMP and Departmental Disaster Management Plan should
be updated before 31st July of every year. The updated DDMP
shall be sent to the Commissionerate of Revenue Administration
and Disaster Management for placing it before the TNSDMA for
approval.
3. The District Collectors shall ensure that the Revenue Divisional
Officers and Tahsildars also conduct Coordination Meeting at sub-
divisional and Taluk level with line departments and other
stakeholders respectively.
4. The Inter-Departmental Zonal Teams led by Revenue Authority
with team members drawn from Police, Fire & Rescue Services,
Water Resources, Rural Development, Agriculture Departments
etc. shall be formed for every 5-7 vulnerable areas or every 15-
20 Firkas.
5. Village level Interdepartmental Teams may also be formed in all
the Villages, especially in vulnerable areas, headed by the Village
Administrative Officer with Panchayat Clerk, Anganwadi Staff,
Noon meal organizers, forest guards etc.,

Multi Stakeholder Participation

Sensitize private institutions, by holding series of meetings at the
district level with Hospitals, Educational Institutions, Tele Communication
Service providers and Oil Companies to ensure institutional preparedness
with strategies to ensure round the clock functioning of emergency
services.
3
Capacity Building
1. Periodical Mock Drills through Fire and Rescue, NDRF, TNDRF,
Interactions with Community First Responders, volunteers from
NCC, Nehru Yuva Kendra shall be organised.
2. The Mock Drills have to be comprehensive covering various
disaster scenarios and demonstrate how people should
safeguard themselves. The Do's and Don'ts shall be explained in
the local language for the benefit of participants.
3. The focus should be to cover the vulnerable areas and the
Community.
4. The instructions issued based on NDMA Guidelines for
conducting Mock Drills should be adhered to.
5. A schedule for conducting Mock drills has to be prepared and
followed.
6. The Mock Drills have to be well documented. Video and
Photographic documentation by professional photographers is
recommended. A narrative report capturing the views of the
participating community should be part of the documentation.
This document will be useful in the capacity building of first
responders and the community.
7. The Completion report on Mock Drills shall be uploaded to
TNSDMA Website.

Vulnerability analysis
1. The Criteria for classifying areas vulnerable to floods is
furnished in Annexure
2. The vulnerable areas already identified in the districts based
on legacy data have to be updated in the Maps.
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 3. The information provided on the backside of each Map should
be verified and updated
4. This has to be carried out based on the inspection by the
respective Inter-Departmental Zonal Teams and the
interaction with the Community First Responders and the local
people.
5. The Inter-Departmental Zonal Teams has to make a “Transect
Walk” and utilize the opportunity to interact with the
Community. This helps to understand the problems of the
Community. The community may share solutions out of their
knowledge and experience. The traditional wisdom of the
community coupled with structural interventions can provide a
lasting solution.
6. The mitigation measures initiated during the last 3 years
should be incorporated besides updating all the details. This
map should reflect the current status of the degree of
vulnerability
7. The Vulnerability analysis has to be carried out for all
vulnerabilities of the district, for hazards like Cyclone,
Tsunami, Storm Surge, Drought, Heatwave, Thunder Storm &
Lightning, Landslides/Landslips, Earthquake Sea Water
Incursion, Sea Erosion repeated Crop inundation, and
Chemical, Biological Radiological and Nuclear Disasters.
Community participation
1. Community participation is to be ensured at the grass-root
level through enrolment of volunteers, with skills of swimming

5
 and climbing, as Community First Responders including
Women First Responders.
2. The DM Tahsildars and the Head of the respective Inter-
Departmental Team shall devote special attention to verify the
names and contact details of the First Responders.
3. They should identify their skill sets to perform diverse tasks
(like swimming, Climbing, Tree cutting, Electrician, Plumbing,
Typing Data Entry, Communication, and such other skills.
4. The willingness to engage in providing Psychosocial Support
may also be ascertained so that training can be organised.
5. This database shall be utilised to develop programmes for
continuous engagement of the human resources during the
Pre-Disaster, during Disasters and Post Disaster period.
6. The native intelligence of these volunteers can also be
harnessed to understand the vulnerability of the area and
design mitigation measures for every vulnerable location.
7. The District Collector may provide further specific guidelines
to the DM Tahsildar and the Head of Inter-Departmental
Teams to bring out a precise assessment of the community
First Responders. The first responders have to be trained by
Fire services / TNDRF.
8. In addition, staff, trained in tree cutting, belonging to TNEB,
Highways, Public Works Department, RD and Urban local
bodies etc., may be identified and enrolled. They may be
constituted as mobile teams to be placed under the command
of Interdepartmental Zonal Teams and at the Block level. The

6
 above teams and First Responders - Tree cutting should be
deployed both in arterial and non-arterial roads.
9. Mobile teams of first responders may be formed for
evacuation of people, for protecting livestock and for tree
cutting and Snake catchers at Block / Taluk / Sub-Divisional
and District levels for deployment based on need. District
Collectors should also have mobile teams under his/her
control. Each mobile team should comprise at least 15 to 20
persons for being deployed in affected areas based on need.
Monitoring Mechanism
The Monitoring Mechanism for the preparedness measures and to
carry out activities in a time-bound manner in respective vulnerable areas
and at the district level has to be very dynamic and responsive. The
District Collector shall appoint a Nodal Officer at the District Level / Sub-
Divisional / Taluk to co-ordinate with the Interdepartmental Zonal Teams.
District Emergency Operations Centre
1. The Collectors should ensure that District Emergency Operation
Centre is functional round the clock with Toll-Free No.1077 and
equipped with necessary infrastructure facilities viz., STD
Telephone, Fax, Computer with Internet access etc.
2. All the instruments like satellite phones and VSAT phones should
be checked and ensured that they are in working condition.
3. Additional Staff from line departments should be posted round the
clock in the Emergency Operation Centre based on emerging
contingencies
4. Use multiple channels such as print / electronic/social media /
wireless systems to spread awareness among the community on

7
 the Do's and Don'ts during disasters, and also about evacuation,
Relief centre details and also contact person details.
5. Ensure that the Control Rooms of Police, Health and Fisheries
Department and the equipment are functional.
6. The IDRN portal maintained by NIDM shall be updated periodically
and should reflect the current status. This will help in mobilizing
the required equipment/materials to meet the contingencies in the
event of a Disaster.
7. Ensure that the Ambulance, Rescue Boats Fire Services and their
contact numbers are functional and responsive.
8. All officials involved in disaster-related activities shall be advised
to install the TNSMART Mobile app and utilise the Alerts on Flood,
Cyclone, Thunderstorm & Lightning Alerts of IMD pushed in the
TNSMART System.
9. All officials of Revenue and line Departments, Urban and Rural
Local Bodies shall be advised to download DAMINI Mobile App to
receive Lightning Alerts.
10. A What's App Group of officials involved in Disaster Response and
Relief and Inter-Departmental Teams may be formed and details
should be shared to State Emergency Operation Centre
Safety Audits
1. The School Safety, Hospital Safety, Safety of Electrical
Installations, Dam Safety, Building Safety, Fire Safety, Boat
Safety, availability and functioning of Lightning Arresters, have to
be ensured through respective departments and local bodies
periodically according to a prescribed Calendar and more
particularly before every Monsoon Season and formation of

8
 Cyclone etc. as per the respective NDMA Guidelines & Building
Codes.
2. The dilapidated buildings and weak compound walls should be
demolished to prevent any untoward incident.
3. A copy of the safety audit carried out by the respective
departments and Urban & Local bodies should be obtained.
4. Preparation of Contact Directory
5. The Directory should be updated with vital information such as
contact details of DDMA, Police, Fire services, Line departments,
Taluk and Inter-departmental teams, Relief Centres and teams
associated with the functioning of Relief Centres such as Food
Supply, Water Supply, Health, Psycho-Social support, Ambulance
etc.
Prepositioning of Men and Material
1. Deployment plan may be prepared in consultations with
Superintendent of Police, Fire Service, Fisheries and others for
prepositioning of rescue teams, boats, Armed Reserve Police,
Patrol Vehicle etc.,
2. Traffic plan to establish a green corridor for quick movement of
rescue teams and relief measures, fuel, LPG and other essential
materials in the vulnerable areas.
3. Prepare for patrolling to prevent the possible threat of looting
and arson by anti-social elements in areas where evacuation is to
be undertaken on a large scale.
4. Generators should be mobilized and kept ready for deployment
to the Drinking Water Pumping Stations for ensuring
uninterrupted water supply during power failures. Adequate

9
 stock of diesel also should be ensured and both the generators
and diesel have to the prepositioned in the vulnerable areas.
5. Identify teams in non-coastal districts for deployment in affected
areas.
Arrangements to accommodate TNDRF, NDRF, and Central Forces
1. Arrange proper accommodation for TNDRF, NDRF and Central
Agencies.
2. Ensure better coordination between Central and State Agencies
as well as unified action by multiple agencies of Government of
Tamil Nadu
3. Appoint District Revenue Officers as Nodal officer for Supervising
arrangements for TNDRF, NDRF & Central Forces.
4. District Collectors should ensure that forces are not kept idle and
appropriately deployed.
5. Appoint escort officers to guide the forces during their movement
to vulnerable areas and oversee the arrangements made for their
stay.

Arrangements in Transport Sector

1. Advice all Transport Corporations to sensitize their
drivers/conductors regarding their role during flood situations
not only to safeguard their interest but also to offer better
service to the public during an emergency.
2. Advice all Transport Corporations that not to ply transport
vehicles 3 hours before and after cyclone landfall in general
and in case of cyclone landfall during the night, vehicles
movement should be stopped from 6 P.M to 6 A.M.

10
Periodic maintenance of existing infrastructure & equipment
1. Ensure proper maintenance of the Rain Gauge stations
2. Ensure that all department vehicles are roadworthy
3. Ensure that the VHF / HF sets are functioning properly.
4. Sensitize the Government and private health institutions to
ensure that the ICU / CCUs function without interruption by
making power backup arrangements. Each institution has to
prepare its Disaster management plan to ensure the safety
and wellbeing of patients.
5. Ensure that generator sets are located at elevated locations to
prevent submergence during floods. Ensure that the
equipment of the line departments which are involved in
Search, Rescue and Relief operations are in working condition.
Periodic maintenance of Water Ways / Bodies
1. Minor irrigation tanks, supply channels & distribution channels
should be desilted before the onset of the Southwest /
Northeast Monsoon to harvest rainwater as well as minimize
risks due to floods.
2. The Municipalities and Corporations should undertake a
massive drive for desilting the stormwater drains, channels
before the onset of the monsoon.
3. Create recharge pits, recharge wells and convert defunct bore
wells as recharge wells especially in areas prone to drinking
water shortages and in areas where drinking water sources are
located.
4. The vulnerable points in the downstream area of Dams and
reservoirs, River courses and other waterways have to be

11
 identified, inspected and necessary arrangements have to be
made to ensure the uninterrupted surplus flow of rain/flood
water.
5. Restoration and deepening of tanks, River courses which can
flood National & State Highways, Rail tracks and other major
roads during monsoon.
6. Encroachment Removal in Water Ways
7. Protect the water bodies from encroachments and carry out
massive programmes for eviction of encroachments.
8. The entire River courses should be widened to the original
size, desilted and encroachments removed especially in
vulnerable areas.
9. Major Irrigation canals should be desilted & free from
encroachments.
Rainwater Harvesting
1. Promote Rain Water Harvesting by excavating recharge pits at
suitable locations, with a special focus on Villages prone to
drinking water problems/floods and also in areas near
drinking water sources.
2. Convert defunct bore wells into recharge wells.
3. Launch a mission for tapping rainwater from
rooftops - both in residential and institutions buildings.

Road and Rail Infrastructure over waterways

Identify bridges and culverts with special focus on major roads and
Railway tracks & remove the blockages besides clearing 1000 metres on
either side viz., in the upstream & downstream.

12
Updation of e-Adangal
To ensure a transparent and accountable methodology in the event
of crop damages, updating of entries in the Adangal has been made
mandatory during cultivation season The instructions issued in Letter No
N.C.1(4)/3770/2021-I dated 5-10-2021 specifically mentions that if there
is no entry or correlation with data in e-adangal the claim for input
subsidy for crop damages shall not be recommended by district
Collectors.
Response during and after disasters
Arrangements at Relief Centres
1. Identify additional buildings that are suitable for organizing relief
camps in village / Town Panchayats / Municipalities with
necessary contact details, in addition to the regular cyclones
centres and Multipurpose Evacuation Shelters because of the
current COVID – 19 situations as physical distancing will reduce
the capacity of the shelters.
2. Inspect and carry out necessary repairs to keep the cyclone
shelters and Multi-Purpose Evacuation Shelters (MPES) ready for
organizing relief camps. Identify 3 to 4 Collection points for easy
and efficient collection and local distribution of Relief materials.
Follow the shelter management guidelines for upkeep and
maintenance of MPES and send compliance reports.
3. Ensure proper safety arrangements in Relief Centres. Additional
toilets & other arrangements also need to be made in the
existing shelters to ensure that COVID – 19 spread does not
happen in the cyclone/flood shelters or relief camps.

13
 4. Ensure Generators are ready to be used for relief operations and
in relief camps as it is advisable to switch off the power supply
during extreme weather events.
5. Register of persons accommodated in the Relief Centers along
with photos, gender, age, address and Aadhaar no shall be
maintained.
6. Ensure regular medical checkups at relief camps to ensure that
people with symptoms are isolated & treated so that COVID – 19
spread can be prevented.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
1. Ensure adequate supply of drinking water of good quality in the
Relief Centers.
2. Ensure adequate no. of toilets are available. If not make
arrangements for temporary toilets. Also, ensure periodic
emptying of septic tank/pit and safe disposal. Collectors should
have a list of such vehicles available in Urban Local Bodies (ULB)
or with private operators
Public Health
1. Ensure adequate stocks of essential medicines, life-saving drugs,
etc.,
2. Make prior arrangements for the scheduled visit of Doctors and
display their contact numbers for any emergency
3. Compile a list of ambulances of both Government Agencies and
the Private Sector
4. To arrange medical camps to treat minor ailments, provide
health education and referral of sick cases to higher centres

14
 5. Chlorination Teams to be formed for proper chlorination of
drinking water at OHT, GLR, Bore wells etc.
6. Rapid Response Teams are to be formed to ensure chlorinated
drinking water and to prevent the outbreak of diseases.
7. Vector Control Teams consisting of Entomologists and Field
Workers to be formed to carry out anti-adult and anti-larval
works.
8. Food safety teams to be formed and Designated Officers and
Food Safety Officers should be in the field to check chlorination
and food hygiene.
Special Care for Pregnant Women, Lactating Mother, Senior
Citizens and Differently abled in the Relief Centres
1. Ensure proper arrangements for vulnerable sections like
differently-abled, Senior Citizens Pregnant Women, Lactating
Mother and children etc.
2. Providing Warm and inner clothes and additional clothes to
Children, sick, elderly, women and widows.
3. Dignity Kits for women/girls should be provided with disposable
paper bags.
4. For pregnant women, necessary basic arrangements should be
made by the local administration for safe delivery. A separate
enclosure shall be provided to ensure their privacy.
5. Static and Mobile Health teams to attend to the inmates.
6. For lactating mothers, special care may be taken to provide milk
powder etc.,
7. Wheelchairs should be kept ready at relief centres to help aged,
differently-abled persons.

15
Shelters for Animals & Care
1. Identity existing cattle pounds and grazing poramboke lands as
Animal Shelters.
2. Ensure the availability of adequate stocks of veterinary
medicines in Veterinary Hospitals and also ensure the availability
of essential drugs.
3. Ensure availability of adequate stock of fodder & water in cattle
camps/shelters.
4. Preparation of First Responders for Animal Protection to evacuate
the animals to designated shelters.
Ensuring essential supplies and services to people in disaster-
affected areas.
Restoration of Power supply or alternate arrangements for the
functioning of drinking water pump houses through Generators, supply of
milk, milk powder, providing Food through Community Kitchens
medicines, should be organised immediately
Monitoring the movement of Fishermen
The Fisheries Department monitors the movement of mechanised
Fishing Boats and fishermen into the Deep Sea. The District Collector
should monitor this closely.
Water Quality Surveillance
1. To avoid water-borne diseases and outbreaks of any epidemics,
it is highly important that the properly treated water only is
supplied. The community should also be advised to boil the water
before drinking.
2. In respect of areas where private tanker services are organised
for the supply of drinking water, it should be ensured that

16
 tankers are properly cleaned and chlorinated before they are put
into use.
3. In individual houses and apartments (particularly in urban areas)
where Ground level Reservoirs / underground storage, there is
every possibility of contamination due to inundation and
seepage. The necessary advisory should be issued to the
community to clean the storage structures and chlorinate the
water to prevent the spread of epidemics.
4. A special Team for "Water Quality Surveillance" for conducting
water quality testing may be formed exclusively for each affected
area. They must be provided with the "Testing kit" and "Chlorine
Tablets."
Clearance of affected Areas:
1. Removal of debris; Clearing the fallen trees; Restoring power
lines; Restoration of basic Infrastructure - requires a massive
effort and will need the mobilization of extra machinery and
manpower. Therefore, teams are to be formed well in advance.
2. Separate teams should be formed for disposal of dead bodies
and disposal of carcasses following NDMA guidelines / State
Government guidelines.
3. First Responders Teams for evacuation should be involved to
evacuate the people from low lying areas to relief centres.
4. First Responders Teams - Tree cutting should be involved for
tree cutting and removal of fallen trees, including in non –
arterial roads.

17
Assessment of damages to life & Property
1. After the disaster, it becomes necessary to assess the damage as
per the guidelines in force.
2. Hut damages upto 50 huts in a village can be assessed by Village
Administrative Officers assisted by Panchayat clerks. A Team of
officials from different departments is to be constituted by the
District Collector for assessment of damaged huts if they are
more than 50 in a village.
3. Proper Documentation of the damaged houses, Crops and Cattle
loss with geo-tagged photos/videos capturing date & time should
be done.
4. Constitute/Designate Engineers/Teams of Engineers from
different departments for assessment of damages of pucca
buildings and other infrastructure.
5. District Collectors should position drones in the district. When
there is large scale damage, these drones should be engaged
immediately for visual assessment of the damages, date and
geo-tagging should be done.
6. To oversee the relief and restoration activities, one Deputy
Collector should be made in charge of a Taluk. Under him/her,
various teams should function for relief and restoration activities.
7. Staff from unaffected areas should be diverted to affected areas
based on need.
Relief
Based on the contingencies and need to evacuate people to safe
places, immediate action should be taken to operationalize the Relief
centres in areas that are likely to be affected.

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Relief Disbursement
All the District Collectors are instructed to provide immediate relief
in respect of Human Loss, Cattle Loss and Hut damages as per the norms
of assistance ordered in G.O.Ms.No.380, Revenue Department, dated
27.10.2015.
Management of the dead in the aftermath of disasters
1. Disposal of the dead will be made an integral part of "all
hazard" District Disaster management Plans and SOPs on the
subject will be prepared by the District Authorities, based on
the National Guidelines, their experience and best practices
available.
2. Establishment of Dead Body Management Group in the
Incident Response System.
3. India Disaster Resource Network, displaying the availability of
forensic experts and those associated with DNA profiling.
4. Based on their Disaster Management Plans, Authorities should
acquire equipment for various components of the disposal of
dead bodies.
5. Surge capacity in hospital mortuaries to be explored.
6. The Animal Husbandry Department should arrange for the
post-mortem of deceased animals expeditiously and send
reports to the District Collector. The carcass has to be
disposed of safely.

19
NGO Coordination Centre
1. The NGO Coordination Centre has to enable the registration
process of willing NGOs and CSOs.
2. Grouping of their services and preferred area (Village, Firka,
Taluk and District) helps to avoid overlapping.
3. Familiarization of the norms and Guidelines prescribed by
Government is necessary
4. The Grass root level presence of NGOs & CSOs and their local
knowledge has to be utilized in all phases of disaster.
Financial Management
The District Collectors should ensure to get a report from various
units under them, on funds made available, expenditure incurred under
various components and balance available at the end of the day. The PA
(Accounts) shall be made responsible to complete this task and send a
periodical report to the Commissionerate of Revenue Administration with
the approval of the District Collector.
Transparency in Relief operations
A list containing the details of the beneficiaries with their names and
address along with quantity/volume and quality of relief distributed should
be prepared and made available on the District Website.
Reporting system
The daily situation report shall be sent through the website
https://tnsdma.tn.gov.in / TNSMART and major events should be
reported to the Commissionerate of Revenue Administration and Disaster
Management then & there and details of rainfall before 8.00 A.M. during
Disaster periods.

20
Identification of teams and materials for deployment in other
districts
1. Identify Private Buses and Trucks / Lorries for transport not
only for staff deployed for rescue work but also to transport
relief materials to the identified shelters in other districts, if
necessary, within short notice.
2. Identify the list of officers, vehicles, equipment for
deployment in other districts in case of need
General
The specific actions to be taken up by the DDMA Line Departments,
Urban & Local Bodies in respect of concurrent Disasters like Floods,
Cyclones, Drought, Heatwave, Thunder Storm & Lightning, Earthquake,
Landslides, are furnished in Annexure
Media Management and Visibility
1. The Government of Tamil Nadu has declared the Media Persons
as Front-Line Workers.
2. District Collectors may brief the press on various measures
initiated by the Government. Need to interact proactively with
public and media during and after the disaster on rescue and
relief work.
3. All the vehicles engaged in relief work should have banners and
stickers of the Government of Tamil Nadu emblem and the logo
of TNSDMA for visibility.
4. Arm Bands / Badges with Government of Tamil Nadu emblem
(for visibility) may be provided to all Civilian Staff and Volunteers
engaged in preparedness, rescue and relief work

21
 5. Department officers/staff drafted for Disaster-related works
should be provided with Armbands with Emblem of Government
of Tamil Nadu, Department name & Tamil Nadu State Disaster
Management Authority (TNSDMA) to make better visibility and
thereby making the public aware about their services.
6. All the District Collectors and the Commissioner, Greater Chennai
Corporation are also instructed to give wide publicity in the
newspapers about the state of preparedness of the district
administration, line departments and local bodies thereby
creating awareness in the minds of the public.
Check List
A 61 point Checklist provided in the Annexure points out the action
to be taken. The District Collectors are welcome to improve upon the
checklist according to the needs and circumstances and send it to the
Commissionerate by highlighting the addition or improvements made by
them.
Sd./- K. Phanindra Reddy
Additional Chief Secretary/
Commissioner of Revenue Administration &
State Relief Commissioner.

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 ANNEXURE - I

Check List

Sl.
Details Remarks
No.
Preparedness
1 Preparation of Perspective District Disaster
Management Plan. (2021 - 2022)
2 Taluk level Disaster Management Plan.
3 Identification of vulnerable areas.
4 Preparation of digital maps of vulnerable areas.
5 DDMA Meeting
6 District Coordination committee meeting with line
departments.
7 Formation of Inter-departmental Zonal Teams
including local community at vulnerable locations.
8 Zonal Teams
i) Visit Relief Centres
ii) Source of Vulnerability
iii) Mitigation measures
iv) Had interaction with first responders
v) Check the Inventory
vi) Check measures in place for the differently
abled and other vulnerable sections.
9 Appointment of :
I. Early Warning Committee
II. Search and Rescue Committee
III. Evacuation Committee
IV. Relief Centre / Shelter Management Committee
10 Identification of First Responders including women
First Responders for
i) Evacuation
ii) Protecting Livestock
iii) Cutting and Removing Wind fallen trees
23
Sl.
Details Remarks
No.
11 Appointment of Nodal officer at the District level, Sub
- Divisional level and Taluk level
12 Training of Nodal Officers.
13 Meeting with First Responders by Collectors /
Participation of Sub-Collectors / RDO’s during Training
of First Responders.
14 Co-ordination Meeting with DRGs / NGOs / Red Cross
/ Service Organisation etc., & assign specific roles
15 Meeting with Private Institutions / Hospitals /
Educational Institutions, Oil Companies and Mobile
Services Providers for Sensitising on their
preparedness
16 Implementation of School Safety Guidelines
17 Preparation of Hand book (Telephone Directory &
Inventory).
18 Preparation of deployment plan for rescue teams
based on vulnerability mapping.
19 Preparation of list of inventories / machineries
required for the vulnerable area.
20 Preparation of traffic plan by police to establish green
corridor to highly vulnerable areas.
21 Arrangement to accommodate T.N.D.R.F, N.D.R.F,
D.R.G and Central Agencies.
22 Identification of cyclone/safe shelters - Relief Centres.

23 Inspection of Multi-Purpose Evacuation Shelters and

Relief Centres to check their readiness.
24 Review of arrangements for emergency supply of safe
drinking water including transportation of drinking
water, Fuel, generator sets, pump sets, boats, power
saws ,etc.,
25 Drawing up evacuation plan for the low lying areas
including identification of places, means of
transportation, evacuation routes.
26 Plan for putting up temporary shelter in case of
additional requirement.

24
Sl.
Details Remarks
No.
27 Review of availability of essential medicine needed
during flood period
28 Special arrangements for women, Senior Citizens and
Differently abled in relief centres
29 Data base on the availability of Medical Officers
& Paramedical staff with a view to earmark medical
teams for providing medical cover in case of
emergency.
30 Planning to ensure the availability of required
resources for maintaining hygiene and sanitation in a
flood situation in the flood prone areas.
31 Planning of control measures to prevent the outbreak
of any epidemic in case of flood situation
32 Arrangement for Animal Shelters and procurement of
medicine, fodder by Veterinary and Animal Husbandry
Department.
33 Compile list of ambulances with Government Agencies
& Private Sector
34 Formation of Chlorination Teams and Rapid Response
Teams to ensure chlorinated drinking water and to
prevent outbreak of diseases.
35 Vector Control Teams consisting of Entomologists and
Field Workers to be formed to carry out anti-adult
and anti-larval works.
36 Food safety teams to be formed and Designated
Officers and Food Safety Officers should be in field to
check chlorination and food hygiene.
37 Check arrangements in place for supply of food,
Warm clothes, etc., and air dropping of food and
essential commodities.
38 Whether advance storage points/ location for Milk,
food items (Civil Supplies), boats (fire service,
fisheries) identified for vulnerable locations in
consultation with Civil Supplies/ Fisheries / Fire
Service
39 Strengthening of DEOC & Proper working of
Communication equipment.

25
Sl.
Details Remarks
No.
40 Inspection of Tanks / water bodies, supply channels /
canals/ river courses by PWD officials.
41 Inspection of the water bodies / supply channels
under the control of local bodies by Engineers of local
bodies.
42 Whether blockages under all culverts / bridges are
cleared. (Upstream 1,000 mtrs, downstream 1,000
mtrs).
Inspection of Lifeline & Critical infrastructures by Line
Departments
43 Dams / Water Storages, Schools, Hospitals, Power
Plants Roads & Bridges, Monuments, Tourism
infrastructures

Capacity Building
44 Mock drills in vulnerable areas.
45 Training of First Responders (Volunteers)
46 Check maintenance of infrastructure / equipment as
per circular
Mitigation Measures
47 Whether cleaning / desilting of natural water
reservoirs and drainage channels have been done in
the flood prone areas?
48 Whether encroachments /obstructions on ponds/tanks
have been removed?
49 Whether embankments along rivers and nallahs, ring
bunds and other bunds have been inspected and
strengthened?
50 Whether necessary maintenance of sluice gates,
barrages, embankments, etc. are being done by
PWD?
51 Whether defunct bore wells have been converted into
recharge pits?
52 Whether storm water drains in urbans have been
inspected and desilted for safe outflow of surplus
runoff of flood water?
26
Sl.
Details Remarks
No.
53 Whether percolation ponds / check dams / Recharge
pits with shafts or ring wells / sub surface dykes are
constructed in vulnerable areas
54 Whether bridges and culverts with special focus on
major roads and Railway tracks & remove the
blockages besides clearing 1000 metres on either side
viz., in the up-stream & down-stream have been
identified?
55 Whether Piped culverts have been converted into box
type?
56 Whether bed level cause ways & low level bridges
have been converted into elevated bridges wherever
necessary?
If yes, indicate no.
57 Whether action has been taken to plant tall trees and
create shelter belts in the 13 coastal districts in
consultation with Forest Department.
58 Whether action has been taken to plant tall trees
along with river courses in all Districts in consultation
with the Public Works Department (PWD) & Forest
Department.
59 Whether Adangals have been updated properly?
(Azmoish entries)
60 Whether reconciliation with Agriculture Department
crop wise are done periodically and report sent to
Government / Department?
61 Enrolment of farmers in Fasal Bheema Yojana
Scheme.

27
 Annexure II
Vulnerability Analysis

Classification Criteria

Areas of Very High a) Inundation of water and water level

Vulnerability. was more than 5 feet. (or)

b) Rescue operations carried out with the

help of Central forces / SDRF. (or)

c) Areas which are cut-off and became

inaccessible. (or)

d) Loss of lives or large-scale evacuation

carried out.

Areas of High Vulnerability. a) Inundation of water and water level

was 3-5 feet. (or)

b) Rescue operations carried out only by

local police or Fires services.

Areas of Medium Vulnerability. Inundation of Water & Water level was 2-3
feet.

Areas of Low Vulnerability. Stagnation of water was below 2 feet.

28
 ANNEXURE - III
Guidelines for conducting Mock Drills

Mock Drills form part of the Disaster Preparedness and inculcate a

culture of preparedness among officials, Community and first responders.
They facilitate the DDMAs to review the adequacy and efficacy of the
disaster preparedness and to identify gaps in resources, communications
and other systems. The Govt of Tamil Nadu provides the budgetary
support to organise Mock Drills to the Revenue Administration Disaster
Management and Mitigation Department.
The Mock Drills are organised by the District Disaster Management
Authority with the assistance of National Disaster Response Force, Tamil
Nadu Disaster Response Force, Fire Safety & Rescue Services
Department, and Indian Red Cross Society. The National Disaster
Response Force conducts Mock Drills on the request of the State
Administration wherever necessary. The Industrial Safety personnel
organise Mock Drills in Major Hazardous Industries every year. The
National Disaster Management Authority, in coordination with vulnerable
States, takes the initiative of conducting Mock Exercises on various types
of natural and manmade disasters.There is no practise to empanel
/accredit/approve or authorise any individual to conduct Mock Drills by
the NDMA or State Government.
As per the National Disaster Management Authority, Mock Exercises are to
be conducted in the following systematic step-by-step approach:
Planning Mock Exercises;

Step 1. Holding a Coordination and Orientation Conference.

29
During this Conference the aims and objective of the exercise are
explained to the participants and their roles are delineated. The conduct
of the Table Top and Mock Exercise is explained and dates for Table Top
and Mock Exercise are finalised.

Step 2.Conducting the Table Top Exercise.

key stakeholders first present their status of preparedness. The worst
case scenarios are thereafter simulated from preparedness to early
warning to rescue and relief phases of Disaster Management (DM)
through injects for various key stakeholders. The response of each
stakeholder is elicited followed by detailed discussions. Independent
observers are detailed and safety during the Mock Exercise is taken into
consideration.

Step 3. Conducting a Mock Exercise.

Observers are briefed on their roles. Thereafter, they take over and start
painting situations in a bottom-up approach with specialized inputs from
nodal agencies. The situations are conceptualized to derive certain lessons
and find gaps, if any, in the resources/systems. Mobilization of resources
takes place on orders of respective department heads to mitigate the
situation. The concept of Incident Response System to manage the
disaster is practised. At the end of the mock exercise, a detailed
debriefing takes place to consolidate the good practices and lessons
learnt.
Conducting Orientation-cum-Coordination Conference.
As per the approved calendar, the Orientation-cum-Coordination
Conference takes place at a mutually decided place and date. This
conference is attended by Senior Specialist (Training and Capacity
Building) from NDMA. It is occasionally attended by the Chief Secretary of

30
the State and generally by the Revenue-cum-DM Secretary, Secretary
Health, DG Police/IG (Law and Order), Chief Fire Officer, DG Health
Services and Collector/DC, SSP, District Medical Officer, Fire Officer,
Supply Officer, RTO, DGM MTNL/BSNL, NGOs, Home Guards,
representatives of Armed Forces, Para Military Forces located in the area,
representatives of the IMD, CWC and other technical institutions and the
concerned Commandant NDRF Battalion. In cases of industrial (chemical)
disasters, Chief Inspector of Factories/Director of Factories and Boilers,
the concerned Joint and Deputy Chief Inspectors of Factories, Inspectors,
and MD/Chief of Operations of shortlisted industries take part. The
objective, scope, roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder and
coordination between them during emergencies are delineated.
Participants and media coverage campaign for general awareness are also
firmed up. Dates of the Table Top and Mock Exercises are finalized and
the State and District nodal officers are nominated along with their
contact details. The district/s and industries where a Mock Exercise is to
be conducted are decided during the conference, if this has not already
finalized. After the conference, the Senior Specialist, NDMA visits the area
where the Mock Exercise is undertaken to formulate the scenarios.
Table Top Exercise.
Preparations for the Table Top Exercise start by conceptualizing and
preparing scenarios in a bottom up approach. This is done by surfing the
internet, getting relevant information from the States/UTs, consulting
concerned experts, gathering information from stakeholders and field
visits after the Coordination Conference; and recounting experiences.
Scenarios are also formulated to derive certain lessons and discover
critical gaps in manpower, systems, communication and equipment. At

31
the Table Top Exercise, initially the key stakeholders, such as DM
Secretary, Collector, District Medical Officer, SSP, District Fire Officer,
Chief Inspector of Factories and GMs of concerned industries for Chemical
(Industrial) Disasters make presentations delineating the emergency
response plan of their departments. Thereafter, Senior Specialist
(Training and Capacity Development) conducts the Table Top Exercise by
describing the scenarios and eliciting responses from concerned stake
holders through injects. The Exercise is professionally conducted by
enlarging its scope and span, according to what the situation demands.
Injects are given to cater to all stakeholders, the aim being to test the
system under pressure. The reactions of stakeholders are deliberated in
detail with the opinion of the DM Secretary/Collector/GM of Industrial
units also being sought. Senior Specialist, NDMA facilitates the conduct,
ensuring participation of every stakeholder. Thereafter, details of actions
to be taken by the State/District/Industries between the Table Top and
Mock Exercises are distributed. Observers are nominated by the State
from outside the district, where the Mock Exercise is being conducted.
Director of Factories of the State similarly nominates observers from
other similar type of industries from within/outside the district.
Mock Exercise.
Before the Mock Exercise, observers detailed by the State and CIF
are briefed by the Senior Specialist, NDMA on their roles and
responsibilities. They are given a format for observation. A form of self-
assessment is also given to all stakeholders. The exercise starts with
simulations such as smoke coming from an affected area, shaking being
depicted by the sound of sirens and earthquakes being felt at the
community level. Reactions of the first responders from the community

32
upward actually take place by moving resources (men, machines,
material and equipment). Additional simulations are created by the
observers.
The district machinery comes into motion after the
community/representative reports to them as per SOP. In the case of a
Chemical (Industrial) Disaster, firstly the ‘on site’ emergency is activated
and responses of the workers at the operational level, supervisory level,
in the control room, at the main gate, fire services and at the
management level are reviewed. When the emergency gets enlarged to
an ‘off site’ one, the Collector/DC, takes over as Incident Commander.
The Incident Command Post is established and all concerned stake
holders report there to finalise the course of action, on the directions of
the Incident Commander. Media persons also take part in the Exercise.
Establishment of temporary relief camp/s and nomination of hospitals
(Government and Private) for receiving casualties is ordered by the
Collector/DC/Incident Commander. The Evacuation of the affected
population is also ordered by the Collector/DC. PHC/medical posts are
established at critical places to give first aid and for ‘triage’, to prioritize
evacuation of casualties. The Exercise is developed by moving various
resources physically from outside the district, if required. After the Mock
Exercise, a Media briefing is organized and media persons are allowed to
field questions pertaining to the exercise. Thereafter, a Debriefing Session
takes place where the Observers give their unbiased, free and frank
observations and stakeholders offer their versions of various actions taken
by them and their learning experience. The good practices, gaps and
weaknesses are thus identified in a transparent manner.

33
After Action Report.
Based on the outcome of deliberations of the debriefing, a final
report on the Exercise is prepared by Senior Specialist (TCD) and put up
along with photographs and press cuttings. The Report, after approval by
the Vice-Chairman, is sent to the Chief Secretary of the State as lessons
learnt for taking follow up remedial/corrective actions.
Mock Exercises in Schools
The Mock Exercises in Schools are conducted in two steps:
Step 1:It is conducted as a presentation. The School DM Framework,
making of School DM Committee, outline DM Plan, suggested School DM
team composition and how the Mock Exercise would be conducted are all
delineated. A short documentary on School Safety is also shown.The
Principal, Vice Principal, selected teachers, prefects, monitors and the
school head boy/girl attend the meeting that is usually held in a hall.
Step 2:The Mock Exercise is conducted on the designated disaster.
Independent observers are detailed for each class from within the
school/neighbouring schools. In the Mock Exercise, the first responders of
the school, such as evacuation teams, SAR teams, first aid teams, etc.
are checked for their actions, with the aim of empowering the schools, to
face such disasters on their own before the specialist response from the
district reaches them.A School Control Room is also activated. The
Principal/Vice-Principal is usually the Incident Commander.A detailed
debriefing takes place after the Mock Exercise. Thereafter, an Action
Report is sent to the school for follow up action.
With a view to build in opportunities for reinforcing safety awareness
among children, NDMA’s School Safety Policy contemplates

34
Regular mock drills and follow up of lessons on school safety; practical
demonstration on the use of safety equipment, etc. including designation
of School Safety Day /DRR Day annually and Training of peer educators
on dos and don’ts of disasters, mock drills etc
Under this policy which is applicable to all Educational Institutions
the Guiding note for Mock drill says that,
Mock drills are the ways of rehearsing the preparedness plan. It is one of
the last steps in preparedness. The mock drill on earthquake, fire etc.
may conducted at periodic interval preferably once in every six months
and the deficiencies may be assessed for updating of the plan. This
section of the plan should clearly indicate the steps to be followed to
conduct the mock drills and the responsibilities of the teachers, non-
teaching staff and students. If required School should invite the Fire
Service Officers and trained Civil Defence volunteers for support. The
steps to be followed for earthquake drill are mentioned below.
Earthquake drill:
i. Practice drop, cover and hold.
ii. Evacuate classroom in less than 1 minute without pushing and falling.
iii. Evacuate school in less than 4 minutes.
iv. Lookout for friends.
v. Stay away from weak areas/ structures.
vi. Help those who need assistance (identification of task force in advance
for rescue of special children).
Fire/ Chemical Accident/ Drill:
i. Evacuation from classroom
ii. Ensure safe storage of inflammable liquids/ chemicals
iii. Put off electricity and remove or close down gas connections.

35
The objective of carrying out Mock Drills in educational institutions is to
familiarise the School authorities, the teachers and faculty and students
about the institutional safety plan and their preparedness to act in the
event of an Emergency.
The Mock Drills will infuse a sense of confidence and safety in the
minds of participants and observers when they are conducted
systematically and professionally. The Mock exercises are to be conducted
only by the Fire Safety and Rescue Services Department, Police, Indian
Red Cross Society, NDRF, SDRF and with the prior approval of the District
Collector.

The NDMA has no practise of approving any individual as a Trainer

and the State Administration also has not approved any individual as a
Trainer to carryout mock drills in his /hers individual capacity. The
authorities must exercise prudence and be vigilant to verify the
credentials/ authorisations they produce in such instances and desist from
encouraging them.

These Guidelines should be circulated widely among the

departments, and Education, Health & Industrial Institutions and
Establishments both (Government & Private).

Standard Operating Procedure for conducting Mock Drills in

School/Colleges

The objectives of conducting Mock Drills in Schools/Colleges:

(a) Educating and training staff, teachers and students to react for any
unforeseen emergency situations specifically like Earthquake & Fire,

36
mainly because they have a quick onset and hardly have any warning
signs.
(b) Mock exercises and evacuation to build up courage and confidence in
staff, teachers and students.
(c) To teach Life Saving and Rescue techniques to school staff, teachers
and students and to enable them to be life savers at the time of
emergencies.
(d) Testing the efficacy of Disaster Management Plan and improving it
further so that it becomes do-able.
(e) To have clarity and better understanding of the roles and
responsibility of all stakeholders.

The mock drills can be classified into two types:

(i) Pre-announced Drills: When the staff, teachers and students are
expecting a mock drill, it is called as Pre-announced Drills. The objectives
of Pre-announced Drills are:
To ensure everyone has read and understand new evacuation procedures.
To Test how everyone reacts to a more specific hazard (like a
predetermined blocked exit route).
To determine people’s ability to locate and operate fire extinguishers.
(ii) Unannounced Drills:
Unannounced drills are a good way to test people’s ability to react to a
hazardous situation they weren’t expecting. The institution should conduct
unannounced drills once the understanding about mock drills is clear and
a certain level of proficiency has been attained. The objectives of
Unannounced Drills are:
To ensure everyone in the premises can clearly hear the alarms.

37
To discover if the staff, teachers and students know the exit routes to
take.
To determine whether staff and teachers with special roles (in the case of
an emergency) know what steps to take and
To find out how long it takes to get everyone out of the building.

NOTE: To begin with, all educational institutions are advised to

conduct pre-announced mock drills till they attain proficiency in it.
It is also necessary to avoid injury to any student. In the end of
the drill, debriefing by the Drill In-charge or the Principal should
be done to review and suggest any changes in the Disaster
Management Plan.

Mock Drill Participants: (School/College Disaster Management

Committee) Teachers, Students and support staffs of the
School/College
Incident Commander:
1. Principal/ Head Master of the School/College
Incident Management Team Leaders (On-Site)
2. Class Teacher of each class (Site 1 – inside the class room)
3. Teacher No. 1– to be identified by the School/College Authority (Site 2
– during safety evacuation)
4. Teacher No. 2– to be identified by the School/College Authority (Site 3
– at assembly-open field)
Evaluation Team:Principal (Over all)
5. Teacher No. 3- (Inside the class rooms and office rooms during drop
cover hold positions)
6. Teacher No. 4- (During Evacuation)
38
7. Teacher No. 5- (During Assembly at open field)
8. Teacher No. 6- (During Search and Rescue and First Aid)

Role and Function of Participants/ Teams

1. Incident Commander: The incident commander’s role is to supervise
the overall conduct of the exercise, to make sure that the exercise
proceeds as planned and that the objectives are achieved. The Incident
Commander is to give signal of the initiation of the simulation, monitors
the sequence of events, and conducts a de-briefing and critique (verbal
and written) with all personnel involved.
2. Incident Management Team Leaders: The role of the incident
management team leader is most crucial at the site of the incident. All
teams working on-site will act on his/her command. He/she will decide
the exact timing when any team working on-site will take action and will
report to Incident Commander (Principal/Head Master).
3. Evaluation Team Members: They will present themselves at the sites
and follow the action from thereon. They will evaluate the event as per
the sequence and timings.

Preparation of School/College authority before the Mock Drill:

1. A round of Sensitization meeting with the Teachers and Students on

the type of Disaster and identifying/ clarifying of the roles and
responsibility of each individual.
2. Preparation of School/College Safety Plan is mandatory to conduct the
drill.
3. Constitution of at least two teams and training i). Search and Rescue
Team and ii). First Aid Team by the senior class students consisting of 10-
15 students both boys and girls incaseof co-education School/College.
39
The training will be provided by the Police, Fire Service personnel, Doctors
and Paramedical staff with the assistance from block / sub-division
administration.
4. Pre-identification of willing students (in a confidential manner) in a
class to remain inside the class as injured victim.
5. To make a drill by the School/College administration themselves before
showing to other authorities

Model Sequence of Earthquake Drill:

S.N Time.in Event Action By Actual

o. Minutes time
taken
1 00:00 Incident Commander gives Incident
instruction to the Office Assistant Commander
to ring the bell with unusual sound
for one minute (60 seconds)
2 00:00- All teachers, students and other Teachers/Studen
00:01 staffs will make drop cover hold ts/ other staffs
position till the end of bell. Drop
(kneel) down to the desk/table,
hold one leg of desk/table tightly
and put one palm/bag/book on
back of the head.
3 00:01- Safety evacuation of the students Teacher No. 1
00:06 as per the instruction of the and Class
Teacher No-1 and Class teacher Teachers
with a planned and disciplined
manner by putting bag on the head
to pre-identified open field and
stand class wise queue.
4 00:06- Class teacher will make the head Class Teachers
00:08 count and tally with the attendance and Teacher No.
sheet and inform to Teacher No.-2 2
if anybody absent in the field.
5 00:08 Teacher No. 2 will give command Teacher No. 2
to Search & Rescue Team (to be and Search &
40
 formed by senior students Rescue Team
consisting of 10-15 members of
both boys and girls in co-ed
School/College ) for rescue of the
missing students from the
particular class.
6 00:08- Rescue operation by the S&R team. Search & Rescue
00:13 (The team may split to different Team
classes as per the requirement).
The S&R Team will

41
 Annexure IV

Minimum Standards of Relief

The National Disaster Management Authority has released the

Guidelines for providing Minimum Standards of Relief to the victims of
disasters. The District Collectors are to follow the guidelines for setting up
of relief centre which are detailed below:-

Relief Camps
• Steps to be taken to identify buildings like schools, anganwadi
centres, cyclone shelters, community centres, marriage halls etc.,
which can be used as Relief Shelters for accommodating the people
affected by disaster.
• Availability of adequate water supply, generators with fuel for power
back up bed sheet, sufficient number of toilets including mobile
toilets should also be ensured.
• In areas where permanent structures are not available to avoid
delay in setting up of temporary camps and exorbitant billing of
essential supplies, MoU may be entered with manufacturers /
suppliers for supply of factory made fast track pre-fabricated
shelters / tents / toilets / mobile toilets and urinals which can be
dismantled and taken back by the supplier after the closure of the
camp.
• 3.5 Sq.m of covered area per person with basic lighting facilities
shall be catered to the inmates of relief camps. In mountainous
areas, minimum covered area shall be relaxed.
• High Mast lights, emergency lamps, search lights and candles are to
be arranged.

42
 • Special care should be taken for the safety and privacy of inmates,
especially women, widows and children.
• Special arrangements should be made for differently-abled persons,
old and medically serious patients.
• All the electrical installations to be checked for safety issues.
Food

• Milk and other dairy products shall be provided to the children and
lactating mothers.
• Steps should be taken to ensure hygiene at community and camp
kitchens.
• It should be ensured that men and women are supplied food with
minimum calorie of 2,400 Kcal per day and for children / infants the
minimum calorie should be 1,700 Kcal per day.
• The date of manufacture and the date of expiry on the packaged
food items should be verified before distribution.

Drinking Water

• Minimum supply of 3 litres of drinking water per person per day

should be provided to the inmates of the camps. For providing safe
drinking water double chlorination of water has to be ensured.

Sanitation

• 1 toilet per 30 persons should be arranged in the relief camp.

43
 • Separate toilet and bath area should be catered for women and
children.
• Toilets shall not be more than 50 m away from the relief camps.
• 15 litres of water per person to be arranged for toilets / bathing
purpose.
• Dignity Kits for women should be provided with sanitary napkins
and disposable paper bags with proper labelling.
• Diapers should be provided to the children.
• Necessary arrangements for clearing the solid waste and for
keeping the premises clean should be made.

Medical Health

• Mobile Medical Teams should visit relief camps to attend the

affected people. Steps should be taken to avoid spread of
communicable diseases.
• Necessary basic arrangements should be made for pregnant women
for safe delivery.
• Arrangements to be made well in advance to ensure the availability
of Doctors / Para Medical Staff from Government / Private Hospitals
to attend to the affected people in relief camps.
• Transportation of the affected people for further treatment /
operation etc., should be arranged.
• Advance contingency plans for management of multiple casualties
shall be derived.
Relief for Widows and Orphans

44
• Special care to be given for widows and orphans who are separated
from their families.
• Certificate to the widows stating that she lost her husband should
be issued within 15 days of disaster. Similar certificate to the
Orphaned children should be issued.
• Relief given to Orphaned children by Government should be
deposited in a PSU Bank in a Joint Account where the Collector shall
be first account holder of the Bank Account. Interest received
should be given to the child / guardian every month for his / her
proper upkeep.
• Ex-gratia assistance for loss of life, assistance on account of
damage to houses should be given as per the norms already
communicated in G.O.Ms.No.380, Revenue Department, dated
27.10.2015.
All the District Collectors shall ensure the implementation of the
above guidelines for providing minimum standards of relief to the
victims affected by disasters. Also refer to the guidelines issued in
G.O. Ms. No.279, Revenue and Disaster Management
Department, dated 01.08.2018 for maintenance of Multi-
Purpose Evacuation Shelters.

45
 Annexure V
Drought Monitoring
District Drought Monitoring Centre (Constituted as per G.O Ms No 38
Revenue and Disaster Management (DM III) Department dated 18-1-
2018)

The District Drought Monitoring Centre functions under the

Chairmanship of the District Collector. The Members are

1. District Revenue Officer

2. Project Director -District Rural Development Agency
3. Superintending Engineer Water Resources Department
4. Joint Director Agriculture Department
5. Joint Director Animal Husbandry Department
6. Joint Registrar of Co-operative Society
7. Deputy Director, Horticulture
8. Sub Collectors / Revenue Divisional Officers of the District.
9. Any other Department / Officer the Chairman feels necessary.

Drought being a creeping Disaster, rigorous monitoring of the Rainfall

Deviation, Dry Spell, Area sown under Agriculture / Horticulture Crops,
Reservoir Storage, Ground water availability Fodder availability,
Availability of Agricultural inputs have to be monitored on a weekly basis.
(please refer Drought Management Guidelines 2016).

The District Collectors has to periodically review the drinking water

supply with reference to the Demand & Supply position.

A report on the Ground situation is to be sent to the

Commissionerate of Revenue Administration and Disaster Management.

46
47
 Annexure VI
Heat Wave Management
Vulnerability of Tamil Nadu

In the recent years, due to rising temperatures during the summer/

pre-monsoon months several places are subject to ‘Heat wave’ conditions.
Heat wave is emerging as a major phenomenon that affects the day to
day life of elderly people, children and those who have prior illness and
other medical conditions and who are engaged in the work in open
environments.

❖ Tamil Nadu has a long coastline where the humidity goes up during
summer months.
❖ Within Tamil Nadu, cities like Madurai, Trichy, Vellore Namakkal,
Dindigul, and Krishnagiri have barren rocky hillock which absorb
and reflect heat even during nights.
❖ Vulnerable region-The risk of heat waves are high for vulnerable
region. For example, urban regions are having higher population
concentration. Urban heat affect (due to cement / concretes,
emissions from vehicle and air conditioners, and others) could
aggravate the heat wave conditions caused by atmospheric
phenomena.
❖ Rural regions are having lower population but with poor
infrastructure, awareness and capacity
❖ Vulnerable sectors – poultry and cattle.
Objectives

The objective of heat-wave action plan is to mobilize individuals and

communities to help protect their neighbors, friends, relatives, and

48
themselves against avoidable health problems during spells of very hot
weather with a focus on the vulnerable people.

Severe and extended heat-waves will cause disruption to general,

social and economic services. Government departments have a critical
role to play in communicating the alerts issued by IMD and preparing and
responding to heat-waves at a local level, working closely with health and
other related departments on long term strategic plan.

This Heat Wave Action Plan is a compilation of those Guidelines and

Action Points issued for adoption by all the Urban and Rural Local bodies
and other departments

Key Strategies

i. Establish Early Warning System and Inter-Departmental

Coordination to alert residents on predicted high and extreme
temperatures. Who will do what, when, and how is made clear to
individuals and units of key departments, especially for health.
ii. Capacity Building / Training Programme for health care
professionals at local level to recognize and respond to heat-related
illnesses, particularly during extreme heat events.
iii. These Training Programmes should focus on medical officers,
paramedical staff and community health staff so that they can
effectively prevent and manage heat-related medical issues to
reduce mortality and morbidity.
iv. Public Awareness and community outreach Disseminating
public awareness messages on how to protect against the
extreme heat-wave through print, electronic and social media and
Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials such as
49
 pamphlets, posters and advertisements and Television Commercials
(TVCs) on Do‟s and Don‟ts and treatment measures for heat
related illnesses.
v. Collaboration with Civil Society: and Non-Governmental
Organizations to improve Bus stands, Building Temporary Shelters,
wherever necessary, improved water delivery systems in public
areas and other innovative measures to tackle Heat wave
conditions.
vi. Establishing Bio Shields, enhancing the storage of water bodies,
disposal of Solid Waste without accumulating them, are the Long-
term mitigation strategies.
Roles and Responsibilities of Managing Heat Wave

Responsibilities
Roles State Level District Level
Preparation of TNSDMA, Commissioner of Revenue DDMA and
Heat Wave Administration, Commissioner of Municipal respective line
Action Plan Administration, Director of Town Panchayats, departments
Director of Rural Development & Panchayat
Raj Department, Director of Public Health,
Director Labour & Employment, Director of
Agriculture, Director of Animal Husbandry,
Chief Conservator of Forests, Director of
School Education, Commissioner of Food
Safety and Drug Administration, Director of
Industrial Safety, Commissioner HR&CE,
Director of Tourism

50
Early Warning IMD, SEOC, through DEOC, Media including DDMA DEOC,
Social Media through Media
including Social
Media.
Mitigating Heat Commissioner of Municipal Administration,
Waves- Short Director of Town Panchayats, Director of Rural
Term Development& Panchayat Raj Department,
Director of Public Health, Director Labour &
Employment, Director of Agriculture, Director
of Animal Husbandry, Chief Conservator of
Forests, Director of School Education,
Commissioner of Food Safety and Drug
Administration, Director of Industrial Safety,
Commissioner HR&CE, Director of Tourism
Monitoring Commissionerate of Revenue Administration, DDMA and
Capacity Municipal Administration, Director of Town respective line
Building Panchayats, Director of Rural Development& departments
Response Panchayat Raj Departments, Director of Public
Media Health,
Campaigns
Documentation
& Data base
Management
Medium-& Commissioner of Municipal Administration,
Long-Term Director of Town Panchayats, Director of Rural
Mitigation Development& Panchayat Raj Departments,
Measures Director of Public Health, Director Labour &

51
 Employment, Director of Agriculture, Director
of Animal Husbandry, Chief Conservator of
Forests, Director of School Education,
Commissioner of Food Safety and Drug
Administration, Director of Industrial Safety,
Commissioner HR&CE, Director of Tourism

The above is only illustrative and not exhaustive. The list of Roles
and Responsibilities prescribed by the NDMA is furnished in Annexure

Early Warning

❖ DEOC with inter-departmental personnel with vide publicity of

Toll Free No: 1077.

❖ Issue of heat alert when extreme heat events are forecast by IMD
to all key Departments / Agencies through DEOC.
❖ Dissemination of heat alerts/advisories through local print,
electronic and social media

India Meteorological Department (IMD) criteria for Heat Wave and

Severe Heat Wave:

Heat wave is considered if maximum temperature of a station

reaches at least 40°C or more for Plains, and at least 30°C or more for
Hilly regions.
The following criteria are used to declare heat wave:

Based on Departure from Heat Wave: Departure from normal is

Normal 4.5°C to 6.4°C
Severe Heat Wave: Departure from
normal is >6.4°C

52
Based on Actual Maximum Heat Wave: When actual maximum
Temperature (for plains temperature ≥ 45°C
only) Severe Heat Wave: When actual
maximum temperature ≥47°C

To declare heat wave, the above criteria should be met at least in 2

stations in a Meteorological sub-division for at least two consecutive days
and it will be declared on the second day.

High Risk Groups

• Infant Children, Pregnant women & Senior citizens

• Labourers including those at construction sites/Outdoor
workers/Farmers/MNREGS workers
• Police personnel/security staff
• Industrial workers working at High Temperatures
• Street hawkers/Salesmen
• Riksha pullers/auto drivers/Travellers/bus drivers
• Petty Workers/Slum residents/Beggars/Homeless
• Chronically sick/indoor cases
• Patients on drug treatment
• Addicts (Alcohol, drugs etc.)
The above list is only indicative and not exhaustive. Hence, District
Collectors are advised to update the above list of the groups/localities
that are vulnerable to heat wave based on local situation.

Heat-wave Management

53
 The following measures have to be initiated by the DDMAs to tackle
the Heat wave conditions and its effect during summer 2021. In addition,
any additional measures that may be required based on the past
experience in the district should also be put in place.

Preparedness measures

❖ District Administration should advice the public to take precautions

in the context of a concurrent COVID-19 disaster, including physical
distance and availability of face mask, soap, water and
sanitizing stations.
❖ Ensure drinking water supply to all habitations.
❖ Local bodies shall identify the areas to provide shelters and drinking
water during heat alert period such as bus depots/stops, markets,
railway stations, pilgrimage, tourist, industrial areas etc.
❖ District Administration have to prioritize maintaining power to
critical facilities such as hospitals and Primary Health Centres.
(PHC)/Urban Health Centres. (UHC)
❖ Ensure the services of 108 with adequate supply of IV fluids.
❖ Checking of inventories of medical supplies including IV fluids,
cooling packs or ice, Oral Re-Hydration Solutions (ORS) powder in
PHCs, UHCs, and 108 emergency ambulances.
❖ Adequate arrangements for treatment of heat stroke patients round
the clock.
❖ Display of prevention measures to overcome HEAT WAVES.
❖ Establish mobile Health teams to cover major bus stands /
Terminals, pilgrimage, tourist centres and other public places.

54
 ❖ Labour department to enforce better working conditions for workers
such as provision of sheds, safe drinking water, bathing facilities
etc. as per the Labour Act.
❖ Fire and Rescue Services Department has to ensure the readiness of
vehicles and firefighting equipment to face any emergency.
❖ Police personnel on duty in the open, to be educated on
precautionary measures to be taken during heat wave.
❖ Shelters for traffic police may be provided, wherever feasible.
❖ To collect information on the works sanctioned under MGNREGS
programme in High risk areas to plan for mitigation effort during
heat period.
❖ MGNREGS workers shall be educated in following the do’s and
don’ts. Adequate water, shelter should be provided as per the rules
prescribed under MGNREGS. It is to be ensured that the children of
MGNREGS workers are also adequately taken care of and not
exposed to sun.
❖ Rescheduling of Working hours to avoid intense heat timings in all
the works
Animal Care

❖ Poultry and cattle will also be adversely affected during heat wave.
Cattle and poultry owners to be cautioned accordingly.
❖ Ensure adequate stock of medicines in all veterinary hospitals for
treatment of cattle /poultry birds.
❖ Ensure provision of water in veterinary dispensaries
Wildlife

❖ Provision of water supply to animals in reserved/protected areas

and in Zoo’s
55
Public Awareness and community outreach measures

❖ Release of messages on DOs / Don’ts to the general public and

vulnerable groups about Heat wave.
❖ Utilize local radio, FM broadcasts, cinema theatres, print and social
media to disseminate heat protection tips and high temperature
warnings to the vulnerable sections.
❖ Preparation of Posters & pamphlets with tips to take care of cattle
and poultry during heat waves.
❖ Local bodies to take a lead role in creating awareness.
❖ Public should be cautioned not to venture into the forests without
permits, since forests are prone to fires during summer
Capacity Building/ Training programmes

❖ Medical & Health Department officials shall be advised to conduct

training programs/orientation course on heat illness for medical
staff.
❖ Training of school teachers to equip them with knowledge of heat
protection tips and activities which they can disseminate in
classrooms.
Involvement of Governmental and Non-Governmental
Organisations
❖ Actively involve NGOs/Voluntary Organisations and Corporate
houses as part of Corporate Social Responsibility to provide
shelters, drinking water (Thaneerpandal) during heat days.

Forest fires:
Forest fires are caused especially during summer due to extreme
dry conditions and also are man-made.

56
Causes of forest fires

• Natural causes- Many forest fires start from natural causes such
as lightning which set trees on fire. High atmospheric temperatures
and dryness (low humidity) offer favorable circumstance for a fire to
start.
• Environmental causes are largely related to climatic conditions
such as temperature, wind speed and direction, level of moisture in
soil and atmosphere and duration of dry spells.
• Man-made causes- These can be intentional or unintentional. Fire
is caused when a source of fire like naked flame, cigarette or bidi,
camp fires, electric spark or any source of ignition comes into
contact with. Intentionally forest fires can be caused due to the old
practice of shifting cultivation, the use of fires by villagers to ward
off wild animals, fires started accidentally by careless
trekkers/visitors to forests who discard cigarette butt etc.
• Hence, public shall be adequately educated on the causes of
forest fire and may be advised not to venture into forests
during summer
The list of Do’s and Don’ts related to heat wave is enclosed in
Annexure-1 and the Symptoms and First Aid for various Heat Disorders is
enclosed in Annexure-2. In addition to the above, NDMA Guidelines for
preparation of Action Plan-Prevention and Management of the Heat wave
may also be referred for necessary action.

The District Collectors besides taking necessary action have to

monitor the situation closely in the event of Heat wave and send regular
updates, shall not hesitate to escalate the problem to State level as and

57
when the situation warrants by bringing it to the notice of Additional Chief
Secretary / Commissioner of Revenue Administration, so that assistance
can be strengthened from the State level.

Long Term Strategies

➢ The Urban Local Bodies may adhere to the Policy guidelines issued
by the Ministry of Urban Development for strengthening Urban
Greens (Urban Greening Guidelines 2014)
➢ The Energy Conserving Building Code 2017 issued by the
Ministry of Power may be followed while new construction/
renovation of existing buildings are taken up.
➢ The Greater Chennai Corporation, Other Corporations in Tamil
Nadu, the Municipalities, Town Panchayats, and Village Panchayats,
may have to promote establishment of Bio Shields in their area and
increase the Green Cover.
➢ The National Highways, State Highways, and the Rural Development
Department may have to promote Tree planting along the Roads.
➢ The Educational Institutions both Govt and Private, Govt/Private
Office premises, all Industrial Units, Hospitals, Temples and places
of Worship, may have to establish Green Cover through Tree
planting.
➢ Greater Chennai Corporation, Other Corporations in Tamil Nadu, the
Municipalities, Town Panchayats, and Village Panchayats, may have
to enhance the storage Capacity of Water bodies in their jurisdiction
and increase the Water availability which indirectly helps mitigation
of the adverse impacts of Heat Wave
➢ Solid Waste Management and removal of dumped wastes can
reduce the intensity of heat waves. The Local bodies must ensure
58
 such dumping yards in the vicinity of public places and residential
colonies are removed.
➢ Cool Roof and their extensive benefits may be popularized among
people
➢ In order to reduce the intensity of radiation, the Govt/Private
Buildings, Educational Institutions, Hospitals, Temple Premises etc.
Chemical Coating may be provided on Roof tops and exposed
walking areas.
➢ The Local bodies may provide shelters in public places with facilities
of drinking water.
➢ The Forest Department may continue to increase the green cover
through the various Programmes in collaboration with the Local
bodies.
Advisory to People

The adverse impact of heat wave is preventable by educating the

public on the preventive actions, following the Do’s and Don’ts, reporting
early to health facilities and timely diagnosis and treatment. Government
of Tamil Nadu has been issuing these advisories since 2017. The
Guidelines issued to the District Administration and Advisory to public in
Annexure.
1. Nodal Officers

As per the Guidelines of NDMA Nodal officers have to be nominated

at the State Level, Department level and at District Level. The District
Collector may form a Committee of officers drawing a list of nodal officers
from departments within a District.

59
 ❖ The Commissioner Disaster Management, in the Commissionerate of
Revenue Administration and Disaster Management department will
be the State Level Nodal Officer
❖ The District Revenue Officer will be the Nodal Officer in respect of
all Districts.
❖ The Departments are expected to nominate a Second Level Officer
in respect of their Department as Nodal Officer.
The Complete list of nodal officers their name contact details have
to be compiled and sent to Additional Chief Secretary / Commissioner of
Revenue Administration and must be available in SEOC and DEOC.
Reporting

The District Collectors shall collect data on daily basis from

respective departments in prescribed formats and send it to CRA daily
10.00 AM on the next day for consolidation and reporting to National
Disaster Management Authority. The formats prescribed by NDMA are
attached.

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 ANNEXURE – VI (A)
DO’s & DON’Ts

Heat Wave conditions can result in physiological strain, which could

even result in death. To minimize the impact during the heat wave and to
prevent serious ailment or death because of heat stroke, the following
measures are useful:

DO’s
✓ Continue COVID Safety measures to protect against COVID-19
✓ Listen to Radio, watch TV, read Newspaper for local weather
forecast to know if a heat wave is on the way.
✓ Drink sufficient water and as often as possible, even if not thirsty.
✓ Wear light weight, light-coloured, loose, and porous cotton
clothes. Use protective goggles, umbrella/hat, shoes or chappals
while going out in sun.
✓ While travelling, carry water with you.
✓ If you work outside, use a hat or an umbrella and also use a
damp cloth on your head, neck, face and limbs.
✓ Use ORS, coconut water homemade drinks like lassi, rice water,
lemon water, buttermilk, etc. which help to re-hydrate the body.
✓ Recognize the signs of heat stroke, heat rash or heat cramps such
as weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, sweating and
seizures. If you feel faint or ill, see a doctor immediately.
✓ Urine in darker yellow or orangish yellow indicates severe
dehydration.
✓ Keep animals in shade and give them plenty of water to drink.

61
 ✓ Keep your home cool, use curtains, shutters or sunshade and
open windows at night.
✓ Use fans, damp clothing and take bath in cold water frequently.
✓ Provide cool drinking water near work place.
✓ Caution workers to avoid direct sunlight.
✓ Schedule strenuous jobs to cooler times of the day.
✓ Increasing the frequency and length of rest breaks for outdoor
activities.
✓ Pregnant workers and workers with a medical condition should be
given additional attention.
DONT’s:
✓ Do not leave children or pets in parked vehicles.
✓ Avoid going out in the sun, especially between 12.00 noon and
3.00 p.m.
✓ Avoid filling vehicle tanks full of petrol
✓ Avoid wearing dark, heavy or tight clothing.
✓ Avoid strenuous activities between 12 noon and 3 p.m. when the
outside temperature is high.
✓ Avoid cooking during peak hours. Open doors and windows to
ventilate cooking area adequately.
✓ Avoid alcohol, tea, coffee and carbonated soft drinks, which
dehydrates the body.
✓ Avoid high-protein food and do not eat stale food.

62
 ANNEXURE-VI - B
Symptoms and First Aid for various Heat Disorders

Heat Symptoms First Aid

Disorder
Sunburn/ Skin redness and pain, Take a shower, using soap, to
Heat rash possible swelling, remove oils that may block pores
blisters, fever, preventing the body from cooling
headaches. naturally. If blisters occur, apply
dry, sterile dressings and get
medical attention.
Heat Cramps Painful spasms usually Move to cool or shaded place.
in leg and abdominal Apply firm pressure on cramping
muscles or extremities. muscles or gentle massage to
Heavy sweating. relieve spasm. Give sips of water.
If nausea occurs, discontinue.
Heat Heavily drenched in Get victim to lie down in a cool
Exhaustion sweating, weakness, place. Loosen clothing. Apply cool,
chilled body pale, wet cloth. Fan or move victim to
headache and Weak air-conditioned place. Give sips of
pulse. Normal water slowly and If nausea occurs,
temperature possible. discontinue. If vomiting occurs,
Fainting, vomiting. seek immediate medical attention.
Or call 108 for Ambulance

Heat Stroke High body temperature Heat stroke is a severe medical

(Sun Stroke) (1060F plus). Hot, dry emergency. Call 108 for
skin. Rapid, strong Ambulance for emergency medical
pulse. Possible services or take the victim to a
unconsciousness. hospital immediately. Delay can be
Victim will likely not fatal. Move victim to a cooler
sweat. environment. Try a cool bath or
sponging to reduce body
temperature. Use extreme caution.
Remove clothing. Use fans and/or
air conditioners.

63
 DO NOT GIVE FLUIDS.

EMERGENCY TREATMENT
If Heat Stroke is suspected, call 108 immediately. While waiting for
the ambulance:

✓ Make the victim lie down

✓ Take the person’s temperature.
✓ If possible, move the affected person to somewhere cooler / shaded
area.
✓ Apply cold compresses with ice cubes
✓ Elevate feet
✓ Give a cool shower by sprinkling with water or Wrapping in a damp
sheet and using a fan to create an air circulation.
✓ Encourage to drink fluids, if they are conscious.
✓ Do not give aspirin or paracetamol.

64
 ANNEXURE - VI - C
Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Health
Advisory
Prevention and Management of Heat Related Illnesses
The normal body temperature is about 37oC (36.1 -37.8oC). When
people are exposed to high temperature heat related disorders occur.
Conditions of extreme heat and excessive sweating results in salt and
water depletion.

People aged 65 and older, infants and young children, pregnant

women, people with chronic medical conditions, outdoor workers are
more susceptible to heat related illnesses.

1. Heat Related Illnesses

1.1. Minor Heat Related Illnesses

• Heat Rash
• Heat edema
• Heat tetany (Hyperventilation and heat stress)
• Heat Cramps
• Heat Syncope (Fainting/dizziness)
1.2. Major Heat Related Illnesses
• Exertion associated collapse
• Heat Exhaustion
• Heat stroke
2. Symptoms of Heat Related Illness:
• Hot and Dry skin
• Thirst
• Nausea / Vomiting
• Headache
• Malaise
• Weakness
65
 • Profuse/ Absent sweating
• Muscle cramps
• Light Headedness / Dizziness
• Tachycardia (Heart rate over 100 beats per minute.)
• Tachypnoea (Rapid breathing)
• Oliguria 9Low Urine Output)
• Suncope / Collapse
• Convulsions

3. General precautions:
• Drink plenty of fluids: Drink sufficient water as often as
possible even if you are not thirsty. Drink water to the point
where your urine is light yellow colour. Avoid hot drinks. Drink
plenty of buttermilk, rice kanji with salt and buttermilk,
tender coconut, lemon juice with salt.

• Protect yourself outside: While travelling carry water.

Avoid unnecessarily going out in the sun especially between
12 noon and 3 PM. Avoid exercising/ strenuous outdoor
activities under hot sun

• Light clothing: To help evaporation of sweat, wear light

weight, light coloured, loose, porous cotton cloths. Cover the
head with cotton cloth/ towel while working will be useful.

• Keep cool indoors: Keep your home cool with curtains,

shutters on the sunny sides and leave windows open at night.
Take bath in cool water.

• Oral Rehydration Solution: Drink ORS if one feels

exhausted due to hot sun. One packet of ORS should be
mixed with one litre of clean water and stirred well till the
sediments disappear. Freshly prepared solutions should be
used within 24 hours.

4. While at Work:
• The duration of exposure to a hot environment should be
minimized.
• Avoid strenuous physical activity under hot sun.
66
 • There should be periods of rest in between work in hot
climate. The frequency and length of rest breaks should be
increased.
• Cool drinking water should be provided near the working
place. Water should be consumed every 20 minutes or more
frequently to stay hydrated.
• The temperature and the humidity in the work environment
may be controlled by proper ventilation.
• If signs, such as headache and dizziness appear, the person
should be removed to a cooler environment, and the
necessary treatment including adequate fluids should be
given.
5. Onsite Management of Heat Related Illness:
• Try to get help if you feel dizzy, weak, anxious or have
intense thirst, headache and any painful muscular spasms,
most often in the legs, arms or abdomen
• Move to a cool place as soon as possible and drink water /fruit
juice / Oral rehydration solutions containing electrolytes.
• Medical attention is needed if heat cramps are sustained for
more than one hour.
• If one of your family members or public presents with hot dry
skin and delirium, convulsions and/or unconsciousness,
consult the doctor/ call 108 ambulance immediately.
• Unconscious persons to be positioned on their side. Check
airway, breathing and pulse.
• While waiting for the doctor/ambulance move him/her to a
cool place and put him/her in a horizontal position and elevate
legs and hips, remove clothing and initiate external cooling
with cold packs on the neck, axilla and groin, continuous
fanning and spraying the skin with water at 25-30 C.
• Measure body temperature. Do not give Aspirin or
Paracetamol.

6. For Further Information/Emergencies Contact:

• Ambulance Service - 108
• Health Helpline - 104

67
 Annexure VII
Thunderstorm & Lightning
Risk Communication- Establishment of Early Warning Systems,
Reaching out to the person in the last mile

MOU with IITM Pune for getting data from the Lightning Location
Networks in Tamil Nadu

The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune has installed three

sensors in Tamil Nadu at 1) TNAU, Coimbatore, 2) Vellore Institute of
Technology Vellore and 3) Thiyagararaja College of Engineering, Madurai.
The fourth sensor is proposed to be installed at 4) Central University
Tiruvarur. In addition to this, IITM Pune has five sensors in neighboring
States at 1) Bengaluru (Karnataka) 2) Puducherry, 3) Nellore, (Andhra
Pradesh) 4) Pathanamthitta and 5) Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala). With
these 9 sensors it is learnt from IITM Pune that, occurrence of lightning
over Tamil Nadu can be detected with utmost accuracy by their network.
The Government of Tamil Nadu has entered in to an MOU with IITM Pune
to get the data and necessary technical support.

The ESSO-IITM has developed a Mobile App, DAMINI-LIGHTNING.

This App gives exact location of current lightning strikes, probable
locations of impending lightning around area of 40 sq.km at least 30
minutes in advance and movement and direction of thunderstorm.
DAMINI also lists various precautionary steps to be taken during lightning
and some general information on lightning.

Early Warning System and SMS based Alert to reach out to the last
mile:
Promoting the use of DAMINI App among officials at grassroots
68
Mobile App DAMINI a product of Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
(IITM), which provides early, warning for lightning, should be popularized
extensively among the department officials and officials of Local bodies.
This App gives exact location of current lightning strikes, probable
locations of impending lightning around area of 40 sq.km and movement
and direction of thunderstorm.

Instructions have been issued to the DDMAs to extensively advise down

loading of DAMINI App by the Revenue officials up to the level of Village
Administrative Officers, and Rural Development Officials up to Block
Development Officers, Village Panchayat Presidents and Panchayat Clerks
and persons overseeing MGNREGS Workers , the Inter Departmental
Teams so that they can alert the local village community.

SMS based Warning Alert Messages

The lightning strikes affect mostly the farm laborers in rural areas who
work in the open fields. Hence it is most important to reach out to them.
The forecast messages (received from one to three days in advance) and
“Now cast” alerts (received 45 minutes before the strike) will be
disseminated to the nodal offices at the Block/Taluk level.

Roles & Responsibilities

The Commissioner for Revenue Administration /State Relief

Commissioner will coordinate the services of various stakeholders,
including National/State agencies, and Central Government Agencies.

The State Emergency Operation Centre - SEOC will serve as the

Command and Control Centre to support, coordinate and monitor disaster
management activities at the State level. It will, under normal

69
circumstances, work under the supervision of the State Relief
Commissioner. During an emergency situation, it will work as the centre
for decision making as long as the need for emergency relief operations
continues or until the long-term plans for rehabilitation are finalised.
Respective line departments will manage long-term rehabilitation
programmes.

A Standard Operating Procedure will be prescribed for handling

Warnings and Alert Messages received from IMD, specifically for rapid
dissemination of information of “Thunderstorm & Lightning Alerts” to all
stakeholders to enable effective decision-making and quick response
during an emergency.

A detailed matrix clearly laying down the roles/responsibilities of all

stakeholders is given in Table 2.

Capacity Building –

➢ Institutional Capacity Building i.e. familiarizing roles and

responsibilities of departments towards coordinated functioning,
Building Capacity of the officials, Disaster Response Guards,
Community First responders School Children through training,
awareness campaigns and Mock drills etc will be taken up.
➢ The target groups for capacity building will also include elected
representatives, government officials concerned with DM functions,
media professionals, urban planners, development experts,
engineers, architects and builders, NGOs, community-based
organisations (CBOs), social scientists, youth organisations such as
National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS), Nehru
Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS), school teachers and school
70
 children. Besides, the capacity of police personnel, Home Guards
and the SDRFs will also be strengthened.
➢ Disaster management related course contents have already been
introduced in the School syllabus.
➢ Village Panchayats will be encouraged to undertake Home
Campaigns

Information, Education and Communication-

➢ The Educative Audio Visual materials, Posters, Pamphlets available

with NDMA and already with Tamil Nadu State Disaster
Management Authority (SDMA), translated into Tamil and shared
with DDMAs for wider dissemination of knowledge about the
impacts and Do’s and Don’ts to be followed by common public.
➢ The Posters and Pamphlets will be distributed up to the Village
Panchayat levels in the focused districts,
➢ Print and Visual media will be utilized for wider publicity
Mitigation Measures

a. The Pre Monsoon Safety audit shall look into all aspects of Safety
including Lightning and Thunder.
Hazard Resistant Construction: United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) and NDMA, Ministry of Home Affairs,
Government of India, released a “Manual on Hazard Resistant
Construction in India” for the non-engineered buildings in July 2008.
The popular load-bearing masonry building systems, prevalent in
different parts of the country, are covered in the manual. Relevant
building codes and guidelines of the Bureau of Indian Standards

71
 form the basis for the above manual. Laying underground
electricity cables and telephone lines: These are best suited,
particularly for congested townships where thunderstorms/squall
may cause falling of electricity and telephone poles, and snapping of
cables.
b. Mainstreaming Development schemes with Disaster
Management Schemes: This would enable the creation of
disaster-resilient localities by way of recommendations by local
bodies that quality raw material and technology be used in all
infrastructure/ construction projects.
c. Emergency Plan for Hospitals and Health Centres: Emergency
expansion plan for civil hospitals, community health Centres,
Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and additional PHCs, including
schemes for mobile medical teams for a post-disaster situation,
shall be in place. A list of Govt. Hospitals (both Centre and State),
private hospitals and nursing homes in each district should be
available with the DDMAs. Phone numbers of all these medical
facilities should be available in the District Control Room as well as
in the SEOC. Based on the hazard assessment, emergency
medicines, Operating Theaters and life-saving drugs should be kept
ready. DDMAs have to organize training of doctors and paramedical
staff on handing patient inflow and treating them in case of
lightning attacks.
d. Making Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) a part of school and
college curriculum: Youth and children can be taught about
extreme weather incidents and the Do’s and Don’ts to be followed

72
 before, during and after a disaster. They act as agents of change
and bring about greater awareness in the neighborhood and society.

Structural Mitigation Measures

The most effective structural measures against thunderstorms,

lightning, and strong winds are meant to protect against the strong, high-
speed winds and against the electric discharge due to a lightning strike.
(a) Protection against Strong Winds

During cyclonic conditions, strong winds are able to reach velocities

of more than 200 km/hr. The cyclonic winds are also associated with
pressure differentials that can cause a huge pressure difference between
the outside and the inside of a building resulting in a higher net effect of
the wind storm. These high-velocity winds can cause severe damage to
light structural and non-structural systems such as claddings. Since the
arrival of cyclonic storms is accompanied by suitable warnings, it is
expected that people will not be found outdoor during a cyclonic storm.
People are, therefore, safe against the most harmful effects of the high
wind velocity provided they are inside cyclone shelters or other well-
constructed buildings.

During strong winds associated with thunderstorms the wind

velocity is high but it rarely reaches cyclonic levels. Typical wind speeds
during thunderstorms are in the range of 50-80 km/hr. During severe
thunderstorms, the wind speeds may reach around 100 km/hr. The wind
velocity is highest in storms that are associated with extensive lightning
activities.

73
 Structures do not require any special protection against storms with
wind speeds up to 100 km/hr if they are designed and constructed as per
approved standards. Buildings that are constructed informally or those
which are made using non-engineered materials may not be able to resist
the wind forces. These may get damaged even in low wind speed unless
special protection mechanisms are adopted. In general, components that
provide large areas for the application of wind forces are the first to be
damaged. They can become loose and pose a threat to humans as flying
debris. In buildings that use lightweight sheets for roofing, the panels
may collapse on occupants.

Protection against the lightweight panels under such wind speeds

can be ensured by Local Bodies by providing advisories and notices to
establishments for properly securing them with their supporting frames.
The connection has to ensure that shearing or punching is avoided. Also,
it has to be ensured that the panels themselves have the requisite
strength to withstand the wind force. The supporting frames also need to
have adequate strength to safely transfer the forces imposed on them.

(b) Protection against Lightning — Lightning Shields

Installation of lightning arrestors and sound earthling for each

building is essential. Lightning shields are the most commonly employed
structural protection measure for buildings and other structures. The
DDMAs shall ensure that all the School Buildings, hospitals and other
buildings of Government and Local bodies have a Lightning Arrester.

Documentation and Reporting of Loss and Damages

74
 A database of incidences of lightning strikes, resultant damages,
identified and mapped vulnerable areas that experience frequent lightning
strikes, the level of preparedness of the local administration and the
general public in the vulnerable areas needs to be developed and shared
with all stakeholders. This database will help in understanding the
frequency and severity of these incidents, and prioritize and develop
customized action plans.

Formats for reporting and compiling data at the district, State levels
is given at Annexure VI A to VI B. DDMAs will collect district-level data
and report the same to Commissionerate of Revenue Administration
which, in turn, will collate and share the same with the Centre (Ministry of
Home Affairs/National Disaster Management Authority). MHA/NDMA will
maintain the national-level Disaster Database.

Table - 2

Roles and Responsibilities Matrix for Management of Thunderstorm, Lightning,

Dust/Hailstorm, Squall and Strong Winds

S. Tasks/ Central/ State Agencies & Their Responsibilities

No Activitie
s Centre Responsibility State Responsibil
ity

Understanding Risk

1 Preparatio NDMA Prepare Guidelines State Governments / SDMAs/ Prepare

n of for preparation of ACS / CRA State Action
policy, State Action Plans Plan and
guidelines ensure its
and implementat
Action ion. Prepare
Plans detailed
department-
wise SOPs

Inter Agency Coordination

75
2 Early Nodal Issue area-specific State Disseminate
Warning Agency: warnings/ alerts Governments/SDMAs/DDMAs information
and IMD and weather /District Admn. received
Communi (Ministry of forecasts from the
cation Earth Strengthen IMD to the
Sciences) infrastructure for public.
forecast/Early Create a
Warning network of
community-
based early
warning
systems.
Establish
State-level
monitoring
and warning
disseminatio
n system to
supplement
warning(s)
from the
IMD.
Establishing
Lightning
Early
Warning
Systems.

Early In case of forecast State Governments / SDMAs/ Disseminatio

Warning / warnings of ACS / CRA / Department of n of specific
Disseminati extreme /severe Information Public Relations information
on nature: to the public
Ministry of Dissemination of through
Information specific print/electro
and information to the nic/social
Broadcastin public through and other
g (PIB, AIR, print/ electronic mass media
Doordarsha and social media at the local
n level

Department Push SMS by State Governments / SDMAs/ Ensure push

of telecom service ACS / CRA and concerned SMS by
Telecommu operators to all dept. telecom
nications active mobile service
connections in the operators to
identified area all active
mobile
connections
in the
affected

76
 area.

Ministry of Dissemination of State Governments / SDMAs/ Activate all

Power specific ACS / CRA /TANGEDCO concerned
message to DISCOM
concerned power office/official
generation, s.
transmission, To ensure
distribution and cutting off of
supply offices power
supply / and
its
restoration.
Ensure
emergency
power
supply to
critical
facilities

Ministry of Send specific State Governments /SDMAs/ Activate the

Home message through ACS / CRA /DDMAs district
Affairs the control room administrati
(MHA) to all concerned on along
central with line
ministries/departm departments
ents/State(s) for as soon as a
action specific
warning is
received

Ministry of Disseminate State Governments /SDMAs/ Follow and

Agriculture specific ACS / CRA / Dept. of quickly
and information to its Agriculture/Horticulture, implement
Farmers' concerned Animal Husbandry the
Welfare departments and instructions
(MoA&FW) State(s) of
central/Stat
e govt.

3 Relief Nodal Coordination with Nodal Agency: State Designate a

&Respons Agency: concerned Governments / SDMAs / ACS nodal officer
e Ministry of agencies and / CRA for
Home stakeholders with (to coordinate with other emergency
Affairs clear roles and concerned Department / response
responsibilities Agencies) Coordination
Deployment of among all
77
 NDRF as per stakeholder
requirement agencies
with clearly
defined roles
and
responsibiliti
es. Rescue
and
evacuation
operations
in
coordination
with the
administrati
on, NGOs
and
volunteers
Emergency
medical
response
Other
necessary
actions.

4 Monitorin NEC Implementation of State Government / ACS / Nodal

g and NDMA the Guidelines CRA / SDMAs/DDMAs officer(s) to
Review of Periodic review / act as the
the updating contact
Guideline person for
s each dept. /
agency
Monitor Stae
/ Disaster
level Plan
Collect
updated
data /
information
and give
feedback for
reviewing /
updating the
State Action
Plan and
National
Guidelines.

78
5 Preventio Nodal Inter-agency Nodal agency: State Inter-agency
n, Agency : coordination Issue Governments / ACS / CRA coordination
Mitigation NDMA (with relevant advisories /SDMAs / and
and other Give directions to Urban Local Bodies / PRIs implementat
Preparedn concerned concerned (with other concerned ion of
ess Ministries / ministries / Department / Agencies) Central /
measures Department departments. State
s) directions
Implement
assessment,
preparednes
1. Ministry Construct shelters s and
of / sheds, bus mitigation
Commerce stands as per the measures.
BIS code Review and
update
2. Ministry precautionar
of Rural y measures
Developme and
nt procedures.
Public
3. Ministry
awareness
of Housing
and
and Urban
education
Developme
for early
nt
warning
response.
Identify
Disseminate vulnerable
information to places
public on structural Follow alerts
mitigation / warnings,
measures Conduct advisories.
drives to check the Disseminate
structural strength Do's and
of trees, old Don'ts for
structures, etc., general
public and
enable them
to access
safe places.
Protect
property /
infrastructur
e and
environment
from
damage
from a fire.
Ensure strict

79
 adherence
to fire safety
norms.
Ensure
essential
services and
facilities at
vulnerable
places

4. Ministry Create posts for State Governments / SDMAs/ Ensure

of Health & medical staff for ACS / CRA /Dept. of Public appropriate
Family emergency Health & Preventive Medicine medical staff
Welfare situations Hospital and facilities
preparedness, at the place
including training of incident.
of human Strengthen
resources health
centres with
a network of
paramedical
prefessional
sEnsure
stockpiling
of life-saving
drugs,
detoxicants,
anaesthesia,
and
availability
of Halogen
tablets in
vulnerable
areas.

5. Ensure adherence State Governments / SDMAs/ Promote

Department to crop safety ACS / CRA / Deptments of crop /
of norms Agriculture & Animal animal
Agriculture Husbandry insurance.
Construction of Construct
Cooperation safe crop storage thunderstor
& Farmers shelters for m safe crop
Welfare farmers storage
shelters for
farmers.

80
 6. Ministry Set up awareness Forest Department Ensure
of programmes adherence
Environmen to fire safety
t Forests norms.
and Climate Protect
Change property /
infrastructur
e and
environment
from
damage by
a fire.

6 Record of Nodal Collect post - Nodal agency: State Govt. / Assessment

data and agency: disaster data from ACS / CRA / SDMAs DDMAs of damage
Document MHA and all States and from
ation concerned maintain a national weather
department - level database. related
s incidents.
Collect post-
disaster
data from
field and
reporting to
State /
National
level

Investing in DRR - Structural measures

7 Structural Mitigation Nodal Agency : Inter-agency Nodal Inter-agency

Measures - Ministry of coordination , agency: coordination
Housing & Urban and review State Govt. / and review
Development and update COR / SDMAs and update
- Ministry of precautionary CMDA. precautionar
Panchayat Raj measures (with other y measures
- Bureau of India and concerned and
Standards and procedures to Departments procedures
other concerned be followed / Agencies) to be
Ministry / Develop and DDMAs / followed.
Departments update Local Bodies Ensure
Ministry of relevant Building Bye
Commerce and Indian Laws are
Industry standards complied
Department of with and
Telecommunicatio Comply with make it
ns Building Bye mandatory
Ministry of Power Laws while for all G+2
Ministry of Road installing and above
Transport and conductors / buildings to
Highways arresters install
81
 Department of atop lightning
Consumer Affairs buildings conductors /
arresters
Promote Promote
installation of installation
lightning of lightning
arresters conductors /
arresters in
Start a drive schools,
to check the industries,
structural Government
strength of and private
hoardings buildings.
and similar Undertaken
old structures drives to
check the
Start a drive structural
for sample strength of
inspection of hoardings
medical & and old
hospital structures.
equipment at
places

Capacity Development

8 Capacity Buidling and Nodal agency: Training Nodal Conduct

Traning NIDM (with programmes agency: training
respective training for all State programme
institutes of all concerened Govt./COR/S for all
central Ministries / functionaries DMAs concerned
Departments / DDMAs officials /
stakeholders volunteers.
Conduct
training
programme
and drills on
usage of
various fire
protection
equipment
and
preventive
systems.

82
9 Mass awareness Nodal agency: Extensive Nodal Extensive
campaigns and IEC NDMA and IEC agency: IEC
activities concerened campaigns to State Govt. / campaigns
Ministries / generate COR / SDMAs to generate
Departments, awareness and public
including Ministry through Department awareness
of Information and print, of through
Broadcasting electronic Information print,
and social and Public electronic
media Push Relations and social
SMS by media.
various Ensure Push
telecom SMS by
service various
operators to telecom
all active service
mobile operators to
connections all active
mobile
connections

83
 Annexure VII A
Thunderstorm & Lightning: Do's and Don’ts
If at home or work

Preparation
Look for darkening skies and increased wind.

If you hear thunder, you are close enough to be struck by lightning.

Keep monitoring local media for updates and warning instructions. Stay
indoors and avoid travel if possible.
Close windows and doors, and secure objects outside your home
(e.g. furniture, bins, etc.). Ensure that children and animals are inside.
Unplug unnecessary electrical appliances (to isolate them from the
main power supply which may conduct a power surge during a lightning
storm).
Remove tree timber or any other debris that may cause a flying accident.

Response
Avoid taking a bath or a shower, and stay away from running water.
This is because lightning can travel along metal pipes.
Keep away from doors, windows, fireplaces, stoves, bathtubs, or any
other electrical conductors. Avoid using corded phones and other electrical
equipment that can conduct lightning.

If Outdoor
Response
Go to safe shelter immediately – avoid metal structures and
constructions with metal sheeting. Ideally, find shelter in a low-lying area
and make sure that the spot chosen is not likely to flood. Crouch down
with feet together and head down to make yourself a smaller target.
air standing up on the back of your neck could indicate that lightning is
imminent. Do not lie flat on the ground; this will make a bigger target.
84
 Keep away from all utility lines (phone, power, etc.), metal fences,
trees, and hilltops. Do not take shelter under trees as these conduct
electricity.
Rubber-soled shoes and car tyres do not offer protection from
lightning.

If travelling

Response
Get off bicycles, motorcycles or farm vehicles that may attract
lightning. Get to a safe shelter.
If boating or swimming, get to land as quickly as possible and take
shelter.
During a storm, remain in your vehicle until help arrives or the storm
has passed (the metal roof will provide protection if you are not touching
metal inside); windows should be up; park away from trees and power
lines.

Treatment

Take the person who is struck by lightning to a hospital. If possible,

give basic First Aid.
People struck by lightning carry no electrical charge and can be
handled safely. Check for broken bones, loss of hearing and eyesight.
A victim of a lightning strike can suffer varying degrees of burn.
Check the impact point and where the electricity left the body for injury
marks.

Note: States may customize the contents of the Guidelines for their own
use depending on their local experiences and best practices. Further
action needs to be undertaken by respective State Governments.

85
86
 Annexure VII - B
Format A: For reporting Thunderstorm, Lightning, Squall Dust/Hailstorm and Strong
Winds
(District Report to State Government)
Name of the District: ……………………………….. Period of Reporting: ………………………………..
Sl. Name and Age / Occupatio Category Date Type(s) of Place of Injure Death House Crop Loss to To
No. address of Sex n (BPL/ and Incident(s) Incident d s damag loss Livelihood losses Govt. esti
affected persons (M, F, (Farmer, APL) time (Thundersto (Indoor/ (Severe ed/ (in Infrastru d co
(In case of Govt. TG) Labourer, of rm, Outdoor / destroy Hect.) Livestoc Kiosk Others c los
ed k / (Ag.
office – Seller, Inciden Lightning, / Minor) affected/ Shop Equip/
ture /
(Kutcha
organisation Student, t Squall, Rooftop / deaths Assets
machi
name/ etc.) Dust/Hailsto /Field) Pucca) n
department and rm and
ery,
place) Strong
etc.)
winds)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Total

Other relevant information (if any):…………………………………………………………………………………….

Name: ……………………...........................…….. Designation: …………………...................……….. Signature with

Date:………..........................………………

87
Submitted to:

88
 Annexure VII - C
Format B: For reporting Thunderstorm, Lightning, Squall Dust/Hailstorm and Strong
Winds
(To be compiled at the State level and sent to the central Government)
Please Tick mark the Type(s) of Incident(s) (Thunderstorm, Lightning, Squall Dust/Hailstorm and Strong Wind)
Note: Please fill a separate sheet for each incident/disaster
Period of Incident(s): …………………………………… Date of Compilation:
State: ………………………………… ………………………………
Total Affected Injured Total Human loss Livelihood Losses Private Loss to Total
population houses Govt. estimate
damaged/ Infra d
destroyed structure cost of
(Kutcha/ Pucca)
/ losses
Assets/
Sl. Name of the Occupations property
Total Total Kiosk Others
No. district groups livestoc Crop /Shop
Place of
Severe

Total
Minor
Sex Category k Loss
Deaths
Loss
(In Hect.)
(In Nos.)
Farmers

Outdoor
Hawkers
Labourers

Others

Indoor

Total
Female
Total

Total

Total
Male

BPL

APL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TG
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Total
Other relevant information (if any):…………………………………………………………………………………….

89
Name: ……………………...........................…….. Designation: …………………...................……….. Signature with
Date:………..........................………………

90
 Annexure VII

Cyclone Warnings

Advisories Issued by INCOIS

Real-time tsunami warnings are issued by INCOIS by first announcing the area of
warning, alert and watch based on travel time together with an estimate of the
height of the tsunami calculated on pre-run numerical models of tsunami
propagations. Based on the hazard - ‘warning’, ‘alert’ and ‘watch’ are issued.

Area under Warning: Area that is within 60 minutes from the tsunami generic
sources and wave height expected is more than 2 meters.

Area under Alert: Area within 60 minutes travel time of the tsunami and wave
height is less than 2m and Area more than 60 minutes travel time of tsunami and
the expected wave height is more than 2 m.

Area under Watch: Areas that are outside the 60 minutes travel time of tsunami
and are kept under watch when the wave height is expected to be less than 2 m.

INCOIS issues of bulletins over a period of four to five hours as many as six
bulletins.

The First Bulletin (Type – I) is issued before the lapse of 20 minutes of the
earthquake when the seismic network detects an earthquake occurring in the
Andaman Sumatra Subduction Zone (ASSZ). The First bulletin informs that an
earthquake has occurred and the preliminary estimates of the location of the
epicentre, magnitude, depth of focus and time are informed.

The Second Bulletin (Type – II) is issued not later than 30 minutes of the
earthquake in the subduction zone with a magnitude of > 6.3 and the depth of focus
is less than 100 km detailing the areas under warning and threat.
91
The Third Bulletin (Type – II Supplementary) is issued with updated
earthquake parameters and revised information on tsunami wave height and
accordingly the status of the threat is updated.

The Fourth Bulletin (Type III) is issued when tsunami is confirmed. If the threat
is upgraded to warning status evacuation will be started immediately.

The Fifth Bulletin (Type – III Supplementary) is issued when the tsunami
reaches the coast with hourly updates and also whenever real-time water level
information are available.

The Final-“ALL CLEAR” bulletin indicates withdrawal tsunami warning.

In addition, an early warning system for earthquake/tsunami in Indian Ocean is

operational at Madras Atomic Power Station, Kalpakkam. This PC-based Earthquake
Notification System (ENS) is installed in Control room of MAPS.

Cyclone Warnings by IMD

Pre-Cyclone Watch

The cyclone warnings are issued to state government officials in four stages. The
First Stage warning known as "PRE CYCLONE WATCH" issued 72 hours in advance
contains early warning about the development of a cyclonic disturbance in the north
Indian Ocean, its likely intensification into a tropical cyclone and the coastal belt
likely to experience adverse weather. This early warning bulletin is issued by the
Director General of Meteorology himself and is addressed to the Cabinet Secretary
and other senior officers of the Government of India including the Chief Secretaries
of concerned maritime states.

Cyclone Alert

92
The Second Stage warning known as "CYCLONE ALERT" is issued at least 48 hrs. in
advance of the expected commencement of adverse weather over the coastal areas.
It contains information on the location and intensity of the storm likely direction of
its movement, intensification, coastal districts likely to experience adverse weather
and advice to fishermen, general public, media and disaster managers. This is issued
by the concerned ACWCs/CWCs and CWD at HQ

Cyclone Warning

The Third Stage warning known as "CYCLONE WARNING" issued at least 24 hours in
advance of the expected commencement of adverse weather over the coastal areas.
Landfall point is forecast at this stage. These warnings are issued by
ACWCs/CWCs/and CWD at HQ at 3 hourly interval giving the latest position of
cyclone and its intensity, likely point and time of landfall, associated heavy rainfall,
strong wind and storm surge alongwith their impact and advice to general public,
media, fishermen and disaster managers.

Post Landfall Outlook

The Fourth Stage of warning known as "POST LANDFALL OUTLOOK" is issued by the
concerned ACWCs/CWCs/and CWD at HQ at least 12 hours in advance of expected
time of landfall. It gives likely direction of movement of the cyclone after its landfall
and adverse weather likely to be experienced in the interior areas.

Different colour codes as mentioned below are being used since post monsoon season of 2006
the different stages of the cyclone warning bulletins as desired by the National Disaster
Management.

Stage of Warning Colour Code

Cyclone Alert Yellow
Cyclone Warning Orange
Post landfall out look Red

93
 ANNEXURE - IX
Advisory for Landslide Preparedness and Prevention
(Source: Geological Survey of India)
Areas that are generally prone to landslides
• Old and/or recent existing landslides
• Base or top of slopes
• Base of minor drainage hollows
• Base or top of an old fill slope
• Base or top of a steep cut slope
Areas generally safe from landslides
• Hard, non-jointed bedrock that has not moved in the past
• Flat-lying areas away from slopes and steep river banks
• The nose of ridges, set back from the tops of slope
Landslide warning signs
• Sticking or jamming of doors or windows
• Appearance of cracks in plaster, tile, brick, or foundations
• Pulling away from the building of outside walls or stairs.
• Slow development of widening cracks on the ground or on paved areas such as
streets.
• Breakage of underground utility lines
• Appearance of bulging ground at the base of a slope
• Emergence of flowing ground water in new sites
• Sudden decrease in creek water levels though rain is still falling or just
recently stopped
• Tilting or moving of fences, retaining walls, utility poles, or trees.

94
 • Faint rumbling sound that increases in volume as the landslide nears.The
ground slopes downward in one specific direction and may begin shifting in
that direction under your feet
Immediate steps for imminent Landslide
• Contact your local Fire, Police or Public Works Department
• Inform affected neighbours
• Leave the area quickly

Actions to be taken before Intense Rainfall

• Become familiar with the land around you. Slopes, where landslides or debris
flows have occurred in the past, are likely to experience them in the future
• Buildings should be located away from known landslides, debris flows, steep
slopes, streams and rivers, intermittent-stream channels, and the mouths of
mountain channels
• Observe the patterns of storm-water drainage on slopes near your home, and
watch especially the places were runoff water converges, increasing flow over
soil-covered slopes. Observe the hillsides around your home for any signs of
land movement, such as small landslides or debris flows or progressively tilting
trees
• Contact your local authorities to learn about the disaster management
response, and develop your own emergency plans for your family and
business.
During Intense Rainfall
• Be observant. Many landslide and debris flow casualties occur when people are
sleeping. Listen to radio for warnings of intense rainfall. Intense short bursts of
rain may be particularly dangerous, especially after longer periods of heavy
rainfall and damp weather.

95
 • Unusual sounds might indicate moving debris, such as trees cracking or
boulders knocking together. A trickle of flowing or falling mud or debris may
precede larger landslides. Be alert for any sudden increase or decrease in
water flow in streams or channels. Such changes may indicate landslide
activity upstream, so be prepared to move quickly
• If you live in areas susceptible to landslides and debris flows, consider leaving
if it is safe to do so. If you remain at home, move to a part of the house
farthest away from the source of the landslide or debris flows, such as an
upper floor, but keep an escape route open should it become necessary to
leave the house.
• Be alert when on the roads. Embankments along roadsides are particularly
susceptible to landslides. Watch the road for collapsed pavement, mud, fallen
rocks, and other indications of possible landslides or debris flows.
After Intense Rainfall
• Be alert for signs indicating land movement. Landslides can occur weeks or
months after intense storms
Things to Remember
• Mudflows tend to flow in channels, but will often spread out over a floodplain.
They generally occur in places where they have occurred before
• Landslides and mudflows usually strike without much appreciable warning. The
force of rocks, soil, or other debris moving down a slope can devastate
anything in its path. Take the following steps to be ready.
• Plant ground cover on slopes and build retaining walls.
• In mudflow areas, build channels or deflection walls to direct the flow around
buildings
• Remember: If you build walls to divert debris flow and the flow lands on a
neighbour’s property, you may be liable for damages

96
Precautions to be taken during landslides:
If inside a building:
• Stay inside
• Take cover under a desk, table, or other piece of sturdy furniture
If outdoors:
• Try and get out of the path of the landslide or mudflow
• Run to the nearest high ground in a direction away from the path
• If rocks and other debris are approaching, run for the nearest shelter such as a
group of trees or a building
• If escape is not possible, curl into a tight ball and protect your head.

After Landslide
• Stay away from the slide area. There may be danger of additional slides.
• Check for injured and trapped persons near the slide area. Give first aid if
trained.
• Remember to help your neighbors who may require special assistance--infants,
elderly people, and people with disabilities.
• Listen to a radio or television for the latest emergency information.
• Stay away from the slide area. There may be danger of additional slides.
• Check for injured and trapped persons near the slide area. Give first aid if
trained.
• Remember to help your neighbors who may require special assistance--infants,
elderly people, and people with disabilities.
• Listen to a radio or television for the latest emergency information.
• Stay away from the slide area. There may be danger of additional slides.
• Check for damaged utility lines. Report any damage to the utility company

97
• Check the building foundation, chimney, and surrounding land for damage
• Replant damaged ground as soon as possible since erosion caused by loss of
ground cover can lead to flash flooding.

98
 ANNEXURE – X
Earthquake Do’s & Don’ts
(Source: National Center for Seismology)
Before an earthquake:
➢ Follow and advocate local safe building codes for earthquake-resistant
construction.
➢ Follow and advocate upgrading poorly built structures.
➢ Make a plan and preparation for emergency relief
➢ Identify the medical centres, fire fighting stations, people posts and organize
relief centres in of your area.
➢ Know the electric and water shut off locations in your house.
➢ Heavy objects, glasses, cutlery should be kept on lower shelves.
➢ Flower pots should not be kept on the parapet.
During an earthquake:
➢ Keep calm and reassure others.
➢ During the event, the safest place is an open space, away from buildings.
➢ If you are indoors, take cover under a desk, table, bed, or doorways and
against inside walls and staircase. Stay away from glass doors, glass panes,
windows, or outside doors. Do not rush to go out of the building, to avoid the
stampede.
➢ If you are outside, move away from buildings and utility wires.
➢ Once in the open, stay there till the vibrations stop.
➢ If you are in a moving vehicle, stop as quickly as possible and stay in the
vehicle.
➢ Free all pets and domestic animals so that they can run outside.
➢ Do not use candles, matches or other open flames. Put out all fires.
After an earthquake:
99
➢ Keep stock of drinking water, foodstuff and first-aid equipment
inaccessible place.
➢ Do not spread and believe rumors.
➢ Turn on your transistor or television to get the latest
information/bulletins and aftershock warnings.
➢ Provide help to others and develop confidence.
➢ Attend the injured persons and give them aid, whatever is possible, and
also inform the hospital.
➢ Be prepared for aftershocks as these may strike.
➢ Close the valve of the kitchen gas stove, if it is on. If it is closed, do not
open. Do not use open flames.
➢ Do not operate electrical switches or appliances, if gas leaks are
suspected.
➢ Check water pipes, electric pnes and fittings. If damaged, shut off the
main valves. Do not touch PVE wires of electricity.
➢ If needed, open doors and cup boards carefully as objects may fall.

100
 ANNEXURE - XI

Standard Operating Procedure for Utilization of Resources under

India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN)
1. Background
1.1 IDRN is a nation-wide web based electronic inventory of resources that enlists
critical supplies, equipment and human resources collated from districts, states and national
level along with private sector and public sector undertakings through line departments and
agencies.
1.2 Primary focus of IDRN portal is to enable the decision makers to find answers on
availability of equipment and human resources required to combat any emergency situation.
This database will also enable them to assess the level of preparedness for specific disasters.
2. Resources and Equipment
2.1 An inventory list of categories of resources and items have been worked out keeping
the varied geo-climatic conditions aligned with various types of hazards, disasters including
the pandemics. Similarly, District Administrations shall also compile and update the data
related to trained Aapda Mitra Volunteers and Civil Defence Volunteers. Inventories related
to essential services and service providers like Health, Water and Sanitation, Power,
Telecommunication, Transportation and Civil Supplies etc. must also be updated.
3. Resources available with Private Sector
3.1 District Administration will also include and update data related to the resources
(personnel, material and services) available with Private Sector in respective districts.
4. Inventory of Resources
4.1 Collection of Data
4.1.1 District Administration is responsible for collection of data related to resources
available in the District which are required during impending disaster situations/ disasters.
District Collectors/ Magistrate through DDMAs are responsible to collect the latest
information about resources available with various line departments/ agencies and uploaded
in the portal, using services of District Informatics Officers.

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4.1.2 District Collector /Magistrate will depute a nodal official at district level having
access to login ID and Password who will be responsible for collecting, compiling and
updating their inventory data on the central server on the information/ data received from
various line departments or agencies. Adequate authorization and security needs to be
ensured for maintaining the portal to prevent unauthorized access to this inventory.
4.2 Updation of Data
4.2.1 District administration will update the data at regular interval, preferably every month.
4.3 Entry of Data
4.3.1 Officer identified by the District Administration will be responsible for ensuring the
entry of data in the portal.
4.4 Validation of Data
4.4.1 Data will be validated by District Magistrate.
4.5 Participation of IDRN resource providers in mock exercises:
It is necessary for the DDMA to see that the resource providers of IDRN, including PSUs
and private entities are associated in the mock exercises conducted at the State/ district
level, so that the requisition at the time of actual response can be effective.

5. Utilization of Resources
5.1 Requisition of Resources
5.1.1 Section 33 empowers the District Authority that it may by order require any officer or
any Department at the district level or any local authority to take such measures for the
prevention or mitigation of disaster, or to effectively respond to it, as may be necessary, and
such office or department shall be bound to carry out such order.
5.1.2 Section 65 of the DM Act, 2005 mentions about ‘Power of requisition of resources,
provisions, vehicles, etc., for rescue operations, etc.’ It says:
“(1) If it appears to the National Executive Committee, State Executive Committee or
District Authority or any officer as may be authorized by it in this behalf that –

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 a. any resources with any authority or person are needed for the purpose of prompt
response;
b. any premises are needed or likely to be needed for the purpose of rescue operations; or
c. any vehicle is needed or is likely to be needed for the purposes of transport of
resources from disaster affected areas or transport of resources to the affected area or
transport in connection with rescue, rehabilitation or reconstruction.

such authority may, by order in writing, requisition such resources or premises or such
vehicle, as the case may be, and may make such further orders as may appear to it to be
necessary or expedient in connection with the requisitioning.
(2) Whenever any resource, premise or vehicle is requisitioned under sub-section (1), the
period of such requisition shall not exceed beyond the period for which such resource,
premises or vehicle is required for any of the purposes mentioned in that sub-section.
(3) In this section, -

a. “resource” includes men and material resources;

b. “services” includes facilities;
c. “premises” means any land, building or part of a building and includes a hut, shed or
other structure or any part thereof;
d. “vehicles” means any vehicle used or capable of being used for the purpose of transport, whether
propelled by mechanical power or otherwise.

5.1.3 District Magistrate will requisition the required resources available with various line
departments and agencies.
5.2 Requisition of Resources available with Private Sector
5.2.1 District Administration will directly requisition the resources available with the
Private Sector and Private Sector shall ensure that these resources are deployed effectively
and efficiently in a timely manner. Respective Private Sector shall ensure that the resources
available with it are deployed with adequate skilled manpower and fuel, if required. Cost of
services provided by Private Sector will be considered as part of Corporate Social
Responsibility. Normal wear and tear of the equipment shall also be borne by the respective
Sector.

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5.3 Requisition of Resources from neighbouring Districts
5.3.1 District Magistrate/ Collector being the Incident Commander may requisition
additional resources and equipment from neighbouring districts in case of non-availability
or shortage of such resources/ equipment.
5.4 Transportation of Resources from neighbouring Districts
5.4.1 District concerned, from which resources/ equipment have been requested from the
affected district, shall ensure that the resources/ equipment are deployed along-with skilled
personnel to the affected district. The cost of any such deployment will also be borne by the
district from which the support has been requested by the affected district.
5.5 Authorization for Requisitioning
5.5.1 District Magistrate/ Collector being the Incident Commander shall requisition the
resources/ equipment, however, he/ she may also authorize Officer from DDMA to
requisition the resources/ equipment. District Administration may also authorize person
deployed at the ground zero to requisition the resources/ equipment.
5.6 Justification of Requisitioning
5.6.1 District Administration shall ensure the justification of requisitioned resources to
avoid unnecessary and unmindful requisitioning.

5.7 Deployment of Resources Requisitioned

5.7.1 District Administration shall ensure that all the resources requisitioned are optimally
utilized. No resources should be kept unutilized.
5.8 Demobilization of Resources
5.8.1 District administration shall ensure the demobilization of all the requisitioned resource
on the recommendations of Incident Commander once the response operation is complete.
5.9 Provision for compensation of wear and tear of resources
5.9.1 Normal wear and tear of equipment shall be borne by the service provider concerned,
however, major damage to the equipment shall be borne by the District Administration,
who had requisitioned the equipment.
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5.10 Coordination between Requisitioner and End Users
5.10.1 Before requisitioning, District Administration shall ensure that there is proper
coordination with the end users of those resources. As the resources requisitioned will be
operated/ utilized by the first responders (including SDRF, NDRF and others), these
personnel/ agencies may also be consulted before requisitioning.
6. Capacity Building for Utilization of Resources
6.1 Assessment of Resources
6.1.1 District Administration will assess the status of availability of resources periodically.
During the Mock Exercises an assessment of resource availability shall be done
mandatorily.
6.2 Procurement of Resources
6.2.1 Private Sector may be encouraged to procure some resources/ equipment based on the
hazard-profile of the district from Corporate Social Responsibility fund. This will help
District Administration during disasters or impending disaster situations. District
Administration shall ensure that inventory of such resources are properly updated on the
IDRN portal.
6.3 Training for utilization of Resources
6.3.1 District Administration will ensure requisite training for response personnel for proper
handling, operating and utilization of resources at regular interval.
7. Resources and Equipment required for Disaster-specific Response
A suggestive list of resources/ items required for response activities has been prepared in
consultation with National Disaster Response Force and placed as Annexure.
8. Report on utilisation of resources of IDRN
A report will be furnished to the Ministry of Home Affairs under intimation to NDMA by
the State/UT on half early basis on the utilisation of IDRN resources as well as use during
mock exercises as mentioned in Para 4.5 and Para 6.1.1 above. The reports will also be
furnished alongwith the Memorandum whenever the State Governments submits to the
Ministry of Home Affairs for assistance in case of severe disasters. The Inter Ministerial
Central Team will also review this aspect during their field visits and interaction with the
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State
REQUIRED INVENTORY OF RESOURCES/ ITEMS
CSSR
Resource Type-Equipment

Category – Cutters
S.No Item Item Name Item present in the
Code department/Agency
(Yes/No)
1. Gas Cutters (Oxy gasoline)
2. Chipping hammer
3. Rotary rescue saw petrol driven
4. Angle cutter (electric)
5. Reciprocating saw
6. Circular saw
7. Rotary hammer drill
8. Circular Saw – Bullet & Diamond
Category – Spreaders
9. Spreaders – Hydraulic
10. Spreaders – Battery
Category – Lifting Equipment
11. Air Lifting bags (Different Capacity)/Tools
12. Jack with 5/10/20 ton lift
13. Cranes & Fork lifts
14. Skid Steer Loader Machine
Category – Light Equipment
15. Sledge hammer
16. Heavy Axe
17. Rope Manila and nylon
18. Gloves-Rubber, Tested up to 25,00 volt
19. Portable Air compressor machine

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20. Stretcher harness (set)
21. Chains – 6 feet (3 tin lift)
Category – Lighting arrangements
22. Inflatable Light Tower
23. Light Mast
24. Search light
25. Electric Generator
26. Electric Torch
27. Lanterns
Category – Heavy Engineering Equipment
28. Trucks – Aerial Lift
29. Bulldozers wheeled/chain
30. Dumper
31. Earth movers
32. Cranes – Heavy Duty, Fork type
33. Tipper – Heavy Duty
34. Recovery Vans Beam Type
35. Snow Beaters Wheeled

FLOOD RESCUE
Resource Type-Equipment

Category Name – Specialized flood/Rescue Equipment

36. Diving suit
37. Lifebuoy
38. Life Jackets
39. Come Along (various lengths upto 150
metres)
40. Pneumatic Rope Launcher
41. Inflatable boat (12 persons)
42 Fiber boat (12 persons)
43. Motor Boats

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 FIRE FIGHTING
Resource Type-Equipment

Category – Protective Equipment

44. Suit – fire entry
45. Suit – fire proximity
46. Suit - NBC
47. Clothing – Chemical protecti8ve (A, B, C)
Category – Breathing Apparatus set
48. Breathing Apparatus - self contained
49. Breathing Apparatus
Category – Pumps
50. Pump – high pressure, portable
51. Pump – floating
52. Drainage Pumps
53. Air Compressor
Category – Ladder
54. Extension Ladder
55. Rope ladder
56. Aluminum ladder
Category – Fire Extinguishers
57. ABC Type
58. CO2 Type
59. Foam Type
60. DCP Type
Category – Fire/rescue tenders
61. Fire Tender
62. Foam Tender
63. Rescue Tender
64. Hydraulic Platform
65. Hazmat Vehicle

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 MEDICAL FIRST RESPONDER (MFR)
Resource Type-Equipment

Category – Health Equipment

66. Spine boards
67. Stretcher medical evacuation
68. First aid kits
Category – Portable Equipment
69. Portable oxygen cylinders
70. Portable ventilators
Category – Lifesaving Equipment
71. Mechanical ventilators
Category – Mobile units
72. Mobile lab service
73. Mobile medical van
Category – Hygiene
74. Water filter
75. Water tank
SHELTERS
Resource Type – Equipment

Category – Tents
76. Tent Family Ridge
77. Tent Store
78. Tent extendable 4 meters
79. Tent Arctic
Category – Sheets
80. Tarpaulin
81. Plastic Sheet
82. Polythene Sheet
83. Corrugated Galvanized Iron sheet
Category – Pre-fab shelters

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84. Porta Cabins
TRANSPORTATION
Resource Type – Equipment

Category – Light vehicles

85. Four wheel drive vehicle (4X4)
86. Motor Cycle
Category – Medium vehicle
87. Truck (3/5 tonner)
88. Mini Bus (32/52 seater)
Category – Heavy vehicle
89. Bus
90. Tractor
91. Trailer
92. Heavy Truck
Category – Special vehicles
93. Light Ambulance Van
94. Water Tanker – Medium/Large capacity
95. Road Roller
COMMUNICATION
Resource Type – Equipment

Category – Wireless system

96. VHF Sets Static
97. VHF Sets Mobile
98. Walkie Talkie Sets
99. HF Sets Static
Category – Satphones
100. V-SAT
101. INMARSAT
Category – Mobile phones
102. Mobile Phone GSM

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103. Mobile CDMA
Category – GPS
104. GPS Hand Sets
Category – Video system
105. Video Phone Set
106. Video Camera Digital
CBRN
Resource Type-Equipment

Category – NBC specialized Equipment

107. NBC Suits – Mark V
108. A Level suits
109. Body bags
110. Decontamination kit
111. Respirator (Gas mask with canisters)
112. Multi gas detector
113. Teletector
114. GM survey meter
115. Contaminator monitor
116. Mini Rad meter
117. NBC Over boots
118. Resuscitator
MOUNTAIN RESCUE ITEMS
119. Sleeping Bag
120. Ropes (Climbing/Rappelling)
121. Carabiners
122. Rock/Ice piton
123. Avalanche cord/rod
124 Ice axe

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