FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
The present indefinite tense, or the simple present tense, describes actions
that occur regularly or are currently occurring.
We use the present indefinite tense when talking about facts, figures,
universal truths, habits, permanent situations, or emotions.
Positive:
1. Sub + Base verb + Object
(We, I, They, You, or any plural name)
For example,
➢ I work as a teacher.
➢ We go to the beach.
➢ They play football in the park.
2. Sub + Base verb (s/es) + Object
(He, She, It, or any singular name)
Use of es
For example, The words end with the
following characters, then we
➢ He reads a book every night. use es at the end.
➢ The sun rises in the east. 1. Ch 4. Ss
2. Sh 5. X
➢ She speaks English fluently. 3. O 6. Z
NOTE:
• When there is a consonant before y, we
change into ies. For example,
Study changes into Studies
• When there is a vowel before y, we change
into s. For example,
Play changes into Plays.
NEGATIVE:
1. Sub + Do + Not + Base verb + Object
(We, I, They, You, or any plural name)
For example,
➢ They do not come late.
➢ I do not play video games.
➢ We do not play cricket.
2. Sub + Does + Not + Base verb + Object
(He, She, It, or any singular name)
For example,
➢ He does not eat grapes.
➢ Huma does not help him.
➢ She does not speak English.
INTERROGATIVE:
1. Do + Sub + base verb + object +?
(We, I, They, You, or any plural name)
For example,
➢ Do you play the piano?
➢ Where do you live? Commented [MA1]: It is the WH Question.
➢ Do they avoid you?
2. Does + Sub + Base verb + Object +?
(He, She, It, or any singular name)
For example,
➢ Does Umer play football?
➢ Where does he come from? Commented [MA2]: It is the WH Question.
➢ Does she work here?
PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
The past indefinite tense, also known as the simple past tense, indicates that
an action or event occurred in the past and is not currently happening.
It is also used to describe past habits.
POSITIVE:
1. Sub + 2nd form of verb + Object
For example,
➢ I worked on my project.
➢ She sang a song.
➢ He ate an apple.
NEGATIVE:
1. Sub + Did + Not + Base verb + Object
For example,
➢ I did not work on my project.
➢ She did not sing a song.
➢ He did not eat an apple.
INTERROGATIVE:
1. Did + Sub + Base verb + Object +?
For example,
➢ Did I work on my project?
➢ Did she sing a song?
➢ Did he eat an apple?
FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
POSITIVE:
1. Sub + Will/Shall + Base verb + Object
For example,
➢ I will work hard to pass my mid and final exams.
➢ You will go for a test drive on Sunday.
➢ It will rain tomorrow.
NEGATIVE:
1. Sub + Will/Shall + Not + Base verb + Object
For example,
➢ I will not read the newspaper from tomorrow.
➢ She will not sing loudly.
➢ It will not rain tomorrow.
INTERROGATIVE:
1. Will/Shall + Sub + Base verb + Object +?
For example,
➢ Will you go?
➢ Where will you go? Commented [MA3]: It is the WH question…
➢ Will Ali walk to school tomorrow?
NAME: MUHAMMAd AHMEd
SAP ID: 62634
PROGRAM: BS-CY (1)
