TEST 12
Agriculture and Tourism
A. Linkages between the Agri-Food Sector and Tourism offer significant opportunities for the
development of both sectors within the region. These linkages could lead to ensuring the
sustainability of the region’s tourism product thus ensuring it preservation. Agriculture and
tourism — two of Wisconsin’s most industries — are teaming up in southwestern Wisconsin
has found that tourists, rural communities, and some farmers could benefit from stronger efforts
to promote and market agricultural tourism there. In 1990, agricultural tourism project
members surveyed 290 visitors to the annual Monroe Cheese Festival and 164 visitors to the
Picnic on the Farm, a one-time event held in Platteville in conjunction with the Chicago Bears
summer training camp. More than one-half of those surveyed responded favorably to a
proposed tour, saying they would be interested in participating in some type of agricultural tour
in southwestern Wisconsin. Survey respondents reported that they would prefer to visit cheese
factories, sausage processing plants, dairy farms, and historical farm sites, as well as enjoy an
old-fashioned picnic dinner. The study also found strong interest in visiting specialty farms
(strawberries, cranberries, poultry, etc.). More than 75 percent of the Cheese Day visitors
planned ahead for the trip, with 37 percent planning at least two months in advance.
B. More than 40 percent of the visitors came to Monroe for two- or three-day visits. Many
stopped at other communities on their way to Cheese Days. Visitors at both events indicated
that they were there to enjoy themselves and were willing to spend money on food and arts and
crafts. They also wanted the opportunity to experience the “country” while there. The study
found that planning around existing events should take into account what brought visitors to the
area and provide additional attractions that will appeal to them. For example, visitors to Cheese
Days said they were on a holiday and appeared to be more open to various tour proposals.
Picnic visitors came specifically to see the Chicago Bears practice. They showed less interest in
a proposed agricultural tour than Cheese Day visitors, but more interest in a picnic dinner.
C. The study identified three primary audiences for agricultural tourism: 1) elderly people who
take bus tours to see the country; 2) families interested in tours that could be enjoyed by both
parents and children; and 3) persons already involved in agriculture, including international
visitors. Agricultural tourism can serve to educate urban tourists about the problems and
challenges facing farmers, says Andy Lewis, Grant county community development agent.
While agriculture is vital to Wisconsin, more and more urban folk are becoming isolated from
the industry. In fact, Lewis notes, farmers are just as interested in the educational aspects of
agricultural tours as they are in any financial returns.
D. “Farmers feel that urban consumers are out of touch with farming,” Lewis says. “If tourists
can be educated on issues that concern farmers, those visits could lead to policies more
favorable to agriculture.” Animal rights and the environment are examples of two issues that
concern both urban consumers and farmers. Farm tours could help consumers get the farmer’s
perspective on these issues, Lewis notes. Several Wisconsin farms already offer some type of
learning experience for tourists. However, most agricultural tourism enterprises currently
market their businesses independently, leading to a lack of a concerted effort to promote
agricultural tourism as an industry.
E. Lewis is conducting the study with Jean Murphy, assistant community development agent.
Other participants include UW-Platteville Agricultural Economist Bob Acton, the Center for
Integrated Agricultural Systems, UW-Extension Recreation Resources Center, the Wisconsin
Rural Development Center, and Hidden Valleys, a Southwestern Wisconsin regional tourism
organization. This past fall, Murphy organized several workshops with some Green and Grant
County farmers, local business leaders, and motor coach tour operators to discuss how best to
organize and put on farm tours. Committees were formed to look at the following: tour site
evaluations, inventory of the area’s resources, tour marketing, and familiarization of tours. The
fourth committee is organizing tours for people such as tour bus guides and local reporters to
help better educate them about agricultural tourism. Green County farmers already have
experience hosting visitors during the annual Monroe Cheese Days. Green county Tourism
Director Larry Lindgren says these farmers are set to go ahead with more formal agricultural
tours next year. The tours will combine a farm visit with a visit to a local cheese factory and a
picnic lunch.
F. Another farm interested in hosting an organized tour is Sinsinawa, a 200-acre Grant County
farm devoted to sustainable agriculture and run by the Dominican Sisters. Education plays a
major role at the farm, which has an orchard, dairy and beef cows, and hogs. Farm tours could
be combined with other activities in the area such as trips to the Mississippi River and/or visits
to historical towns orlandmarks, Lewis says. The project will help expose farmers to the
tourism industry and farm vacations as a way to possibly supplement incomes, he adds. While
farm families probably wouldn’t make a lot of money through farm tours, they would be
compensated for their time, says Lewis. Farmers could earn additional income through the sale
of farm products, crafts, and recreational activities.
Questions 1-4
The reading Passage has six paragraphs A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter A- F, inboxes 1-
4 on your answer sheet.
1. About half of all the tourists would spend several days in Monroe.
2. Most visitors responded positively to a survey project on farm tour.
3. Cooperation across organisations in research for agriculture tours has been carried
out.
4. Agriculture tour assist tourists to understand more issues concerning animal and
environment.
Questions 5-9
Which of following statements belongs to the visitor categories in the box
Please choose A, B or C for each question.
Write the correct letter A, B or C, in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet.
NB: You may use any letter more than once.
A. Cheese Festival visitors
B. Picnic visitors
C. Both of them
5. have focused destination
6. majority prepare well before going beforehand.
7. are comparably less keen on picnic meal
8. show interest in activities such as visiting factory tour and fruit
9. are willing to accept a variety of tour recommendation.
Questions 10-14
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 1, using no more than
two words from the Reading Passage 1 for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 10-
14 on your answer sheet.
Through farm tour, visitors can better understand significant issues such as and
enviroment. In autumn, Murphy organised and bring other participants together
to develop local tour market. Larry Lindgren said the farmers already had experience of farm
tours with factory visiting and a . In Sinsinawa, a large area of the farmland
contains an orchard, cow etc which is managed and operated by ; Lewis said the
project will probably bring extra for local farmers.
TV Addiction 2
A. Excessive cravings do not necessarily involve physical substances. Gambling can become
compulsive; sex can become obsessive. One activity, however, stands out for its prominence
and ubiquity—the world’s most popular pastime, television. Most people admit to having a
love-bate relationship with it. They complain about the “boob tube” and “couch potatoes,” then
they settle into their sofas and grab the remote control. Parents commonly fret about their
children’s viewing (if not their own). Even researchers who study TV for a living marvel at the
medium’s hold on them personally. Percy Tannenbaum of the University of California at
Berkeley has written: “Among life’s more embarrassing moments have been countless
occasions when I am engaged in conversation in a room while a TV set is on, and I cannot for
the life of me stop from periodically glancing over to the screen. This occurs not only during
dull conversations but during reasonably interesting ones just as well.”
B. Scientists have been studying the effects of television for decades, generally focusing on
whether watching violence on TV correlates with being violent in real life. Less attention has
been paid to the basic allure of the small screen—the medium, as opposed to the message.
C. The term “TV addiction” is imprecise and laden with value judgments, but it captures the
essence of a very real phenomenon. Psychologists and psychiatrists formally define substance
dependence as a disorder characterized by criteria that include spending a great deal of time
using the substance; using it more often than one intends; thinking about reducing use or
making repeated unsuccessful efforts to reduce use; giving up important social, family or
occupational activities to use it; and reporting withdrawal symptoms when one stops using it.
D. All these criteria can apply to people who watch a lot of television. That does not mean that
watching television, in itself, is problematic. Television can teach and amuse; it can reach
aesthetic heights; it can provide much needed distraction and escape. The difficulty arises when
people strongly sense that they ought not to watch as much as they do and yet find themselves
strangely unable to reduce their viewing. Some knowledge of how the medium exerts its pull
may help heavy viewers gain better control over their lives.
E. The amount of time people spend watching television is astonishing. On average,
individuals in the industrialized world devote three hours a day to the pursuit—fully half of
their leisure time, and more than on any single activity save work and sleep. At this rate,
someone who lives to 75 would spend nine years in front of the tube. To some commentators,
this devotion means simply that people enjoy TV and make a conscious decision to watch it.
But if that is the whole story, why do so many people experience misgivings about how much
they view? In Gallup polls in 1992 and 1999, two out of five adult respondents and seven out of
10 teenagers said they spent too much time watching TV. Other surveys have consistently
shown that roughly 10 percent of adults call themselves TV addicts.
F. What is it about TV that has such a hold on US? In part, the attraction seems to spring from
our biological ‘orienting response.’ First described by Ivan Pavlov in 1927, the orienting
response is our instinctive visual or auditory reaction to any sudden or novel stimulus. It is part
of our evolutionary heritage, a built- in sensitivity to movement and potential predatory threats.
G. In 1986 Byron Reeves of Stanford University, Esther Thorson of the University of Missouri
and their colleagues began to study whether the simple formal features of television-cuts, edits,
zooms, pans, sudden noises—activate the orienting response, thereby keeping attention on the
screen. By watching how brain waves were affected by formal features, the researchers
concluded that these stylistic tricks can indeed trigger involuntary responses and ‘derive their
attention-al value through the evolutionary significance of detecting movement…. It is the
form, not the content, of television that is unique.’
H. The orienting response may partly explain common viewer remarks such as: “If a television
is on, I just can’t keep my eyes off it,” “I don’t want to watch as much as I do, but I can’t help
it,” and “I feel hypnotized when I watch television.” In the years since Reeves and Thorson
published then pioneering work, researchers have delved deeper. Annie Lang’s research team
at Indiana University has shown that heart rate decreases for four to six seconds after an
orienting stimulus. In ads, action sequences and music videos, formal features frequently come
at a rate of one per second, thus activating the orienting response continuously.
I. Lang and her colleagues have also investigated whether formal features affect people’s
memory of what they have seen. In one of their studies, participants watched a program and
then filled out a score sheet. Increasing the frequency of edits (defined here as a change from
one camera angle to another in the same visual scene) improved memory recognition,
presumably because it focused attention on the screen. Increasing the frequency of cuts—
changes to a new visual scene-had a similar effect but only up to a point. If the number of cuts
exceeded 10 in two minutes, recognition dropped off sharply.
J. Producers of educational television for children have found that formal features can help
learning. But increasing the rate of cuts and edits eventually overloads the brain. Music videos
and commercials that use rapid intercutting of unrelated scenes are designed to hold attention
more than they are to convey information. People may remember the name of the product or
band, but the details of the ad itself float in one ear and out the other. The orienting response is
overworked. Viewers still attend to the screen, but they feel tired and worn out, with little
compensating psychological reward. Our ESM findings show much the same thing.
K. Sometimes the memory of the product is very subtle. Many ads today are deliberately
oblique: they have an engaging story line, but it is hard to tell what they are trying to sell.
Afterward you may not remember the product consciously. Yet advertisers believe that if they
have gotten your attention, when you later go to the store you will feel better or more
comfortable with a given product because you have a vague recollection of having heard of it.
Questions 15-18
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?
In boxes 15-18 on your answer sheet, write
YES. if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO. if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN. if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
15. Even researcher find sometimes it is more interesting in watching TV than
talking with others in personal experience
16. Information medium as TV has always been the priority for scientific
research.
17. It is partially unscientific to use the term ‘TV addiction’.
18. Children do not know why they exercise too little.
Questions 19-21
Choose THREE letters, A-F.
Write the correct letters in boxes 19-21 on your answer sheet.
Which THREE of the following are benefits of watching TV?
A artistic inspiration
B family reunion
C relieve stress
D learn knowledge and education
E work efficiency
F ease communicative conflict
Questions 22-24
Look at the following researchers (Questions 22-24) and the list of statements below. Match
each researcher with the correct statements.
Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 22-24 on your answer sheets.
22. Percy Tannenbaum
23. Ivan Pavlov
24. Byron Reeves and Esther Thorson
List of Statements
A. It is the specific media formal characteristic that counts.
B. TV distraction shows human physical reaction to a new and prompted stimulus
C. Conveying information is the most important thing.
D. It is hard to ignore the effects of TV.
E. Whether people can remember deeper of the content relates with the format.
F. The heart rate remains stable when watching.
G. Clinically reliance on TV does not meet the criteria of an addiction.
Questions 25-27
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 3, using NO MORE
THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 25-27 on your answer sheet
TV is becoming a worldwide . Some people love it and spend a great deal of time
watching it. According to some surveys, a small group even claim themselves as
. One researcher believes that this attraction comes from our human instinct, described
as which is built in part of our physiological evolution.
The Dinosaurs Footprints and Extinction
A EVERYBODY knows that the dinosaurs were killed by an asteroid. Something big hit the
earth 65 million years ago and, when the dust had fallen, so had the great reptiles. There is thus
a nice if ironic, symmetry in the idea that a similar impact brought about the dinosaurs’ rise.
That is the thesis proposed by Paul Olsen, of Columbia University, and his colleagues in this
week’s Science.
B Dinosaurs first appeared in the fossil record 230m years ago, during the Triassic period. But
they were mostly small, and they shared the earth with lots of other sorts of reptile. It was in the
subsequent Jurassic, which began 202 million years ago, that they overran the planet and turned
into the monsters depicted in the book and movie “Jurassic Park”. (Actually, though, the
dinosaurs that appeared on screen were from the still more recent Cretaceous period.) Dr Olsen
and his colleagues are not the first to suggest that the dinosaurs inherited the earth as the result
of an asteroid strike. But they are the first to show that the takeover did, indeed, happen in a
geological eyeblink.
C Dinosaur skeletons are rare. Dinosaur footprints are, however, surprisingly abundant. And
the sizes of the prints are as good an indication of the sizes of the beasts as are the skeletons
themselves. Dr Olsen and his colleagues, therefore, concentrated on prints, not bones.
D The prints in question were made in eastern North America, a part of the world the full of rift
valleys to those in East Africa today. Like the modern African rift valleys, the Triassic/Jurassic
American ones contained lakes, and these lakes grew and shrank at regular intervals because of
climatic changes caused by periodic shifts in the earth’s orbit. (A similar phenomenon is
responsible for modern ice ages.) That regularity, combined with reversals in the earth’s
magnetic field, which are detectable in the tiny fields of certain magnetic minerals, means that
rocks from this place and period can be dated to within a few thousand years. As a bonus,
squishy lake-edge sediments are just the things for recording the tracks of passing animals. By
dividing the labour between themselves, the ten authors of the paper were able to study such
tracks at 80 sites.
E The researchers looked at 18 so-called ichnotaxa. These are recognizable types of the
footprint that cannot be matched precisely with the species of animal that left them. But they
can be matched with a general sort of animal, and thus act as an indicator of the fate of that
group, even when there are no bones to tell the story. Five of the ichnotaxa disappear before the
end of the Triassic, and four march confidently across the boundary into the Jurassic. Six,
however, vanish at the boundary, or only just splutter across it; and there appear from nowhere,
almost as soon as the Jurassic begins.
F That boundary itself is suggestive. The first geological indication of the impact that killed the
dinosaurs was an unusually high level of iridium in rocks at the end of the Cretaceous when the
beasts disappear from the fossil record. Iridium is normally rare at the earth’s surface, but it is
more abundant in meteorites. When people began to believe the impact theory, they started
looking for other Cretaceous-and anomalies. One that turned up was a surprising abundance of
fern spores in rocks just above the boundary layer – a phenomenon known as a “fern spike”.
G That matched the theory nicely. Many modern ferns are opportunists. They cannot compete
against plants with leaves, but if a piece of land is cleared by, say, a volcanic eruption, they are
often the first things to set up shop there. An asteroid strike would have scoured much of the
earth of its vegetable cover, and provided a paradise for ferns. A fern spike in the rocks is thus
a good indication that something terrible has happened.
H Both an iridium anomaly and a fern spike appear in rocks at the end of the Triassic, too. That
accounts for the disappearing ichnotaxa: the creatures that made them did not survive the
holocaust. The surprise is how rapidly the new ichnotaxa appear.
I Dr Olsen and his colleagues suggest that the explanation for this rapid increase in size may be
a phenomenon called ecological release. This is seen today when reptiles (which, in modern
times, tend to be small creatures) reach islands where they face no competitors. The most
spectacular example is on the Indonesian island of Komodo, where local lizards have grown so
large that they are often referred to as dragons. The dinosaurs, in other words, could flourish
only when the competition had been knocked out.
J That leaves the question of where the impact happened. No large hole in the earth’s crust
seems to be 202m years old. It may, of course, have been overlooked. Old craters are eroded
and buried, and not always easy to find. Alternatively, it may have vanished. Although the
continental crust is more or less permanent, the ocean floor is constantly recycled by the
tectonic processes that bring about continental drift. There is no ocean floor left that is more
than 200m years old, so a crater that formed in the ocean would have been swallowed up by
now.
K There is a third possibility, however. This is that the crater is known, but has been misdated.
The Manicouagan “structure”, a crater in Quebec, is thought to be 214m years old. It is huge –
some 100km across – and seems to be the largest of between three and five craters that formed
within a few hours of each other as the lumps of a disintegrated comet hit the earth one by one.
Questions 28-33
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet, write
YES. if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO. if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN. if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
28. Dr Paul Olsen and his colleagues believe that asteroid knock may also lead
to dinosaurs’ boom.
29. Books and movie like Jurassic Park often exaggerate the size of the
dinosaurs.
30. Dinosaur footprints are more adequate than dinosaur skeletons.
31. The prints were chosen by Dr Olsen to study because they are more
detectable than the earth magnetic field to track the date of geological precise within thousands
of years.
32. Ichnotaxa showed that footprints of dinosaurs offer exact information of the
trace left by an individual species.
33. We can find more Iridium in the earth’s surface than in meteorites.
Questions 34-40
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage
Using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet.
Dr Olsen and his colleagues applied a phenomenon named to explain the large
size of the Eubrontes, which is a similar case to that nowadays reptiles invade a place where
there are no ; for example, on an island called Komodo, indigenous huge lizards
grow so big that people even regarding them as .
However, there were no old impact trace being found? The answer may be that we
have the evidence. Old craters are difficult to spot or it probably .
Due to the effect of the earth moving. Even a crater formed in Ocean had been
under the impact of crust movement. Besides, the third hypothesis is that the potential evidence
– some craters maybe .
