N

Save Nature to Survive

9(4): 1545-1547, 2014
www.thebioscan.in

EFFECT OF SPACING AND FERTILIZER LEVELS ON GROWTH AND

YIELD OF URDBEAN

N. B. MURADE, D. B. PATIL, H. D. JAGTAP AND S. M. MORE

Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Akola - 444 104, Maharashtra, INDIA
e-mail: nitin6906@gmail.com

KEYWORDS ABSTRACT
Fertilizer levels A field experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Spacing during Kharif season of 2011-12 on Blackgramgenotype AKU-07-04. The experiment was laid out in Factorial
Yield randomized block design with three replication and eight treatment combinations. The growth character and
yield attributes viz, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, dry matter, number of pod plant-1, number
of grain pod-1and grain yield plant-1 wasrecorded higher under wider spacing (45x10 cm) than closer
Received on :
spacing(30x10 cm). All these character were recorded higher by application of fertilizer level 30:60 kg NP2O5
13.05.2014 ha-1 than the fertilizer level of 20:40 kg NP2O5 ha-1but was par with the fertilizer level of 40:80 NP2O5 ha-1.
Interaction effect between spacing and fertilizer levels did not influence the growth parameters and yield of
Accepted on :
Blackgram.
29.10.2014

*Corresponding
author

INTRODUCTION (Muchow, 1985). Saini and Thakur (1996) stated that moderate
doses of nitrogen and phosphorus (30:60 kg N:P per hectare)
Urdbean (Blackgram) is one of the important pulse crop in significantly increased the plant height, branches plant-1 and
Indian agriculture. The importance of this crop than other leaf area index of grain legumes compared to no N and P. The
pulse crop is by virtue of its high nutritional value, short higher grain yield of blackgram is associated with significantly
duration, adaptability to all season and suitability to various superior yield attributes e.g. effective number of pods per plant
cropping systems. Nitrogen and phosphorus are most and 1000 seed weight (Singh et al., 1993).
important plant nutrient for crop production. Nitrogen Keeping this in view of above facts, it was necessary to
constituent of chlorophyll, harnesses solar energy and fixes undertake an investigation to find out optimum level of
atmospheric CO2 as carbohydrates.Phosphorus play nitrogen, phosphorus and the optimum plant density for the
important role in root development, nodulation, flowering, AKU-07-04 genotype in Kharif season.
fruiting and is usually a constituent of phospholipids, nucleic
acid, protein, coenzyme, NAD, NADP, and ATP. (Yugandhar
and Savithramma, 2013). MATERIALS AND METHODS
It is prime necessicity to maintain optimum plant population A field experiment entitled “Effect of spacing and fertilizer level
by maintaining inter and intra row spacing properly.Maximum on promising urdbeangenotype AKU-07-04” was conducted
or minimum plant density may minimize yield of Blackgram at Pulses Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi
causing physiological change in plant. Hence appropriate Vidyapeeth, Akola during kharif season of 2011-12.Soil was
Fertilizer dose with adequate plant population may increase clayey in texture with high amount of potash (320 kg ha-1)
crop yield of Blackgram.Similar results were noted by Mehmet and moderate in phosphorus (18.80kg ha-1) and low in
(2008). Optimum row spacing plays an important role in Nitrogen (190 kg ha-1), slightly alkaline in nature.The
contributing to the high yield because thick plant population experiment was laid out in Factorial randomized block design
will not get proper light for photosynthesis and can easily be with three replication and eight treatment combinations.
attacked by diseases. On the other hand, very small population Treatment combination were comprised of two level of
will also reduce the yield (Pookpakdi and Pataradilok, 1993). spacing viz. 30X10cm (S1), 45x10cm (S2) and four levels of
Uniform spacing generally gives a greater yield than hill fertilizer viz. Absolute control (F0), 20:40 kg NP2O5 ha-1(F1),
groupings under favorable moisture conditions. Blackgram is 30:60 kg NP2O5ha-1(F2), 40:80 kg NP2O5ha-1(F3). Similar
highly responsive to nitrogen and phosphorus. Leaf area is research was done related to Blackgram by Prasad et al.
made up of the total green lamina area of emerged leaves (2014).Full dose of fertilizer were applied at the time of sowing.
(Keating and Carberg, 1993). Greater leaf area is necessary to Nitrogen was applied through urea and phosphorus through
have superior yield and yield components in grain legumes single super phosphate (SSP).Similar type of fertilizer

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N. B. MURADE et al.,

application was done by Dalal et al. (2010) in case of and help in cell elongation might have resulted in increased
Pigeonpea. Intercultural operations were done as and when plant height due to the application of fertilizer upto certain
necessary.The Urdbean crop was shown on July 4thand limit. Similar results have also been reported by Rathoreet.al.
harvesting was undertaken in October 14th. Rainfall received (2010). Increased application of fertilizer ultimately causes
during the season (399.4 mm) was 116.4 mm less than the more uptake of nutrients in plant, which enhance cell division
normal (515.8 mm).Data obtained were statistically analyzed and thereby increased the growth attributes.Fertilizer
following the procedure as described by Gomez andGomez application of 30:60 kg NP2O5 ha-1(F2) recorded significantly
(1983). higher leaf area and dry matteraccumulation over control and
remained at par with 40:80 kg NP2O5 ha1(F3) and 20:40 kg
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION NP2O5 ha-1(F1). These results are related to results of Patel et
al. (2013)
Effect of Spacing and Fertilizer Level on Growth Attributes It seems that the authors do not know how to write et al.
All the growth attributes were significantly influenced due to because it is written differently every time. It should be written
the different spacing treatment, planting at 30x10cm(S1) as et al., Correct it everywhere.
recorded significantly higher plant height over the 45X10(S2). Effect of Spacing and Fertilizer Level on Root Studies
The increase in plant height was might be due to competitions
for light upto certain limit with higher plant density at 30x10 The spacing of 45x10cm (S2) recorded significantly higher
cm spacing. The above results are in agreement with Achakzai number of root nodules plant-1 and root volume over spacing
and Panizai (2007).Numbers of branches and leaves per plant of 30x10cm (S1). At wider spacing there is less competition
were significantly higher with the spacing of 45 x 10 cm (S2) for space, moisture and nutrient might have probably
as compared to the spacing of 30x10cm (S1) at harvest. Wider increased root nodule as compared to close spacing. These
plant spacing which intercepted more photosynthetically results are in accordance with Ashok Kumar and Sharma
active radiation owing to better geometric situation that might (1989).The root length was significantly higher under spacing
have resulted in vigorous plant growth and more number of of 30x10cm (S1) over spacing of 45x10cm (S2)
branches and leaves as compared to narrow spacing. Fertilizer level significantly influenced root nodule, root length
Following observations were noted by Raman and and root volume of crop plant. Fertilizer level of 30:60 kg
Sinhamahapatra. A spacing of 45x10cm (S2) recorded NP2O5 ha-1(F2) which was at par with 40:80 kg NP2O5 ha-
significantly more leaf area/plantthan the spacing of 30x10 1(F3) recorded significantly higher number of root nodule
cm (S1).In case of low plant density at 45x10cm there was less than 20:40 kg NP2O5 ha-1(F1) and absolute control (F0).
competition for moisture, nutrients and intercepted more Increased fertilizer level influenced better root development
radiation as a result of which increased the number of branches, and plant vigor which has enhanced the nitrogen fixing power
number of leaves, and leaf area and thereby produced more of the plant by increasing the activity of nodulating bacteria
dry matter per plant. These results are in agreement with Shaikh and resulting in more no. of nodules plant1.These results are
et al. (2005). in conformity with Hussain et al.(2010).
Growth parameters also significantly influenced due to the Effect of Spacing and Fertilizer Level on Yield
fertilizer levels at all the stages of crop growth. Application of Different spacing significantly influenced the grain yield and
30:60 kg NP2O5 ha1(F2) being at par with treatment 40:80kg biological yield. The spacing of 30x10 cm (S1) recorded
NP2O5 ha1(F3) than the treatment 20:40kg NP2O5 ha1(F1) significantly higher grain yield (1035.36 kg ha-1) than the
and control regarding plant height,numbers of branches and yield produced (971.39kg ha-1) by the spacing of 45x10 cm
leaves.Since N is a major component of protoplasm help in (S2). Significantly higher biological yield 2951.25 kg ha-1 was
photosynthesis and enhance metabolic rate, cell division and also recorded with spacing 30x10 cm (S1) than spacing 45x10
cell elongation which allow the plant growth faster and cm(S2). The plant population per unit area was the prime
phosphorous enhances the root elongation, leaf expansion factor in determining the yield. It also indicated that the fewer

Table 1: Effect of spacing and fertilizer level on growthattributes root attributes & yield of urdbean

Treatments Plant Number Number of Leaf Total Biological Seed Root Root Root
height of functional area/plant dry matter/ yield yield nodule length(cm) volume (ml)
(cm) branches leaves/ plant (dm2) plant (g) (kg/ ha) (kg/ ha) plant-1 plant-1 plant1
A. Spacing
S1- 30 x 10 cm 39.47 10.54 10.62 8.63 12.56 2951 1035 38.45 20.18 2.67
S2- 45 x 10 cm 34.36 11.34 11.69 9.34 15.64 2737 971 40.15 18.42 2.98
SE (m) ± 0.63 0.20 0.22 0.19 0.19 49.10 14.54 0.55 0.47 0.07
CD (P=0.05) 1.92 0.63 0.68 0.57 0.58 148.96 44.13 1.67 1.45 0.23
B. Fertilizer level
F0 - Absolute Control 33.77 10.16 10.00 8.20 13.46 2339 754 37.68 15.27 2.48
F1 - 20:40 kg NP ha-1 36.02 10.67 10.96 8.86 14.16 2656 949 38.38 18.84 2.81
F2 - 30:60 kg NP ha-1 39.97 11.73 12.27 9.78 14.78 3259 1180 41.28 22.12 3.16
F3 - 40:80 kg NP ha-1 37.91 11.19 11.39 9.11 13.99 3121 1128 39.88 20.96 2.85
SE (m) ± 0.89 0.29 0.32 0.26 0.27 69.44 20.57 0.78 0.67 0.10
CD (P=0.05) 2.72 0.89 0.97 0.81 0.82 210.67 62.41 2.37 2.05 0.32

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Table 2: Root studies of Urdbean as affected by spacing and fertilizer Dalal, L. P. and Nandkar, P. B. 2010. Effect of NPK and Biofertilizer
levels on pigeonpea (Cajanas Cajan). The Bioscan. 5(1): 171-172.
Treatments Root Root Root volume Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. 1983. Statistical procedure for
nodule length(cm) (ml) plant1 agricultural Research, 2nd Edn. J. Wiley and Sons. Inc. New York. pp.
plant-1 plant-1 20-29.
A. Spacing Keating, B. A. and Carberg, P. S. 1993. Resources capture and use in
S1- 30 x 10 cm 38.45 20.18 2.67 intercropping solar radiation. Field Crops Res. 34: 273-301.
S2- 45 x 10 cm 40.15 18.42 2.98 Mehmet, O. 2008. Nitrogen rate and plant population effects on
SE (m) ± 0.55 0.47 0.07 yield and yield components in soybean. Indian J. Agron. 64(4): 252-
CD (P=0.05) 1.67 1.45 0.23 254.
B. Fertilizer level Mehdi, N. M. and Kant, R. H. 2010. Response of Nitrogen and
F0 - Absolute Control 37.68 15.27 2.48 Phosphorus on growth and yield attributes of black gram (Vigna
F1 - 20:40 kg NP ha-1 38.38 18.84 2.81 mungo). Research J. Agric. Sci. 2(2): 334-336.
F2 - 30:60 kg NP ha-1 41.28 22.12 3.16
F3 - 40:80 kg NP ha-1 39.88 20.96 2.85 Muchow, R. C. 1985. Analysis of the effects of water deficits on grain
SE (m) ± 0.78 0.67 0.10 legumes grown in a semi-arid tropical environment in terms of
CD (P=0.05) 2.37 2.05 0.32 radiation, interception and its efficiency of use. Field Crops Res. 11:
Interaction effect 309-323.
SE (m) ± 1.10 0.95 0.15 Patel, H. R., Patel, H. F., Maheriya, V. D. and Dodia, I. N. 2013.
CD (P=0.05) NS NS NS Response of kharif greengram to sulphur and phosphorous fertilization
General mean 39.30 19.30 2.83 with and without biofertilizer application.The Bioscan 8(1): 149-
152.
Pookpakdi, A. and Pataradilok, H. 1993. Response of genotypes of
yields per plant in case of high density was compensated by
mungbean and blackgram to planting dates and plant population
increased number of plants. Higher grain yield at closer densities. Kasetsart. J. Nat. Sci. 27: 395-400.
spacing might be due to the higher plant population, there
Prasad, S. K., Singh, M. K. and Singh, J. 2014. Response of Rhizobium
was increase in the proportion of number of pods produced inoculation and phosphorous levels on mungbean (Vigna radiata)
more seed yield. Similar results were also reported by Singh et under guava based agri-horti system. International J. Advanced
al. (1994) and Bhairappavar et al. (2005). Research. 2(8): 12-15.
Different fertilizer levels significantly influenced the grain yield Raman, R. B. and Sinhamahapatra, S. P. 2014. A dware determinate
and biological yield. The fertilizer level F2 (30:60 kg NP2O5 plant type for achieving higher and stable yield in blackgram (Vigna
ha1) produced significantly highest grain and biological yield mungo). The Bioscan. 9(2): 497-500.
over fertilizer level F1 (20:40kg NP2O5 ha1) and control F0. Rathore, R. S., Singh, R. P. and Nawange, D. D. 2010. Effect of land
But it was at par with treatment F3 (40:80 kg NP2O5 ha-1). configuration, seed rates and fertilizer doses on growth and yield of
Significant differences were also observed among F3, F1 and Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). Legume Res. 33(4): 274-278.
F0 in respect of biological yield. Increased vigour and growth Saini, J. P. and Thakur, S. R. 1996. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus
with the optimum level of nitrogen and phosphorous on vegetable pea (Pisum sativum) in cold desert area. Ind. J. Agric. Sci.
application, thus lead to better development of yield attributes 66: 514-517.
and subsequently the grain yield. Similar results were also Shaikh, A. A., Kumbhar, S. G., Jadhav, A. G. and Jawale, S. M. 2005.
reported by Hussain et al. (2011). Effect of Sowingdates and spacing on the yield of soybean. J.
Maharashtra. Agric. Uni. 30(2): 238-239.
Singh, A. K., Choudhary, R. K. and Roy Sharma, R. P. 1993. Effect of
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