PREVIOUS YEAR

GEOGRAPHY
QUESTIONS-X
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

VERY ASWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 Mark)

1. Why is the „least cost‟ known as decision making factor for ideal location of an
industry? [Delhi 2015]
Ans. Least cost is the key factor that determines the location of an industry because
industry tends to be located at a place where factors of production are either
available or can be arranged at low cost.

2. Why has the „National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council‟ been

set up? [All India 2015]
Ans. National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up with the
objective of appropriate policy intervention, by the Government and renewed efforts,
by the industry to improve productivity and achieve its target over the next decade.

3. Which two prime factors are important for the location of „Aluminium Smelting‟
industry? [Foreign 2015]
Ans. The two prime factors for the location of aluminium smelting industry are:
(a) Regular and cheap supply of electricity.
(b) Assured supply of raw material at minimum cost.

4. What is manufacturing? [CBSE 2012]

Ans. Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw material to more
valuable products is called as manufacturing.

5. Name the industry which uses limestone as its main raw material. [Delhi 2010]
Ans. Cement and Iron and Steel industry uses limestone as its main raw material.

6. What is agglomeration economies? [Foreign 2010]

Ans. Many industries that tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by
the urban centers like markets and services arc known as agglomeration economies.

7. Name the river-basin where jute industries are concentrated in India. [Foreign 2010]
Ans. The river-basin where jute industries are concentrated in India is Hugli river-basin.

8. Name the region which has maximum concentration of iron and steel
industries. [Foreign 2010]
Ans. Chotanagpur plateau region in Jharkhand has maximum concentration of iron and
steel industries.

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GEOGRAPHY
QUESTIONS-X
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 Marks)

9. How has the ever increasing number of industries in India made worse position by
exerting pressure on existing fresh water resources? Explain. [CBSE 2018]
Ans. a. Industries apart from being heavy users of water also require power to run them.
b. Today large industrial houses are as common place as the industrial units of
many MNCs are exerting pressure on freshwater sources.
c. Industrialisation followed by the urbanization multiplying the problems of water
scarcity and exerting pressure on water sources causing their depletion.

10. Analyse the role of the manufacturing sector in the economic development of
India. [All India 2017]
Ans. Manufacturing sector, like Cotton textile. Iron and Steel industry, etc. is considered as
the backbone of economic development of a country because of the following
reasons:
(а) It helps in modernizing agriculture.
(b) Industries help in providing jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(c) It reduces the burden of employment on agriculture and thus reduces poverty.
(d) It brings down the regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and
backward areas.
(e) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce which leads to
bringing in the much needed foreign exchange.

11. Why do we have maximum concentration of iron and steel industry in Chota Nagpur
Plateau region? Give any three regions. [CBSE 2016]
OR
Why has the Chota Nagpur Region maximum concentration of iron and steel
industries? Explain any three. [CBSE 2015, 2014, 2011]
Ans. Factors responsible for concentration of iron and steel industries in Chhota Nagpur
Plateau:
a. Low cost of iron-ore
b. High grade raw material in proximity.
c. Cheap labour.
d. Vast growth potential in the home market.
e. Good transport connectivity.
f. Availability of water resources.

12. Why was the cotton textile industry concentrated in the cotton growing belt in the
early years? Explain. [CBSE 2015]
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GEOGRAPHY
QUESTIONS-X
Ans. Cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt in the early years
because:
a. Availability of raw cotton e.g. belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
b. Nearness to market.
c. Transport
d. Port facilities
e. Cheap labour
f. Moist climate.

13. „Environmental degradation has been everywhere.‟ Explain any three values that can
help to prevent environmental degradation. [Delhi 2014]
Ans. Following values can be adopted to prevent environmental degradation.
(a) Proper water management: Stress on recycling and reuse of water and proper
treatment of discharged water.
(b) Control air pollution: Spread awareness to install electrostatic precipitators,
fabric filters in factories. Encourage use of oil and gas instead of coal.
(c) Educate people for proper management of solid waste. Separate biodegradable
and non-biodegradable waste and dispose accordingly. Non-biodegradable
waste can be recycled and reused.

14. Classify industries on the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods
into two categories. Mention any two features of each category. [Foreign 2013]
Ans. On the basis of bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods, industries can
be classified into:
(a) Heavy industry such as iron and steel.
(b) Light industries that use light raw-materials and produce light goods such as
electrical industries.
The two features of heavy industries are:
(a) They produce those goods which are used by other industries.
(b) They satisfy our wants indirectly.
The two features of light industries are:
(a) They produce consumer goods like electrical bulbs, sewings machines etc.
(b) They produce goods which satisfy our wants indirectly, e.g. fuse wires.

15. “The iron and steel industry is the basic as well as heavy industry.” Support the
statement with three points. [CBSE 2012]
OR
Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry? Explain. [CBSE 2012]

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GEOGRAPHY
QUESTIONS-X
Ans. Iron and steel industry is the basic industry as:
a. All the other industries depend on it for their machinery.
b. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods.
c. It provides variety of consumer goods.
d. Construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipments, are
the gift of iron and steel industry.

16. Mention any two factors that have contributed to a healthy growth of the automobile
industry in India, Name two centres where this industry is located. [CBSE 2011]
Ans. a. The introduction of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for
vehicles in the market.
b. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) brought in new technology and aligned the
industry, with global developments. The two centres 1 of automobile industry are
Jamshedpur and Gurgaon.

17. How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? [Delhi 2011]
Ans.
Integrated Steel Plant Mini Steel Plant
(a) These are larger steel plants. (a) These are smaller steel plants.
(b) These plants use basic raw material (b) These plants use steel scrap and
for making steel. sponge iron for making steel.
(c) These plants use blast furnaces. (c) Mini steel plants have electric and
induction furnaces.
(d) They are usually concentrated near (d) They are dccentralised secondary
the sources of raw materials and units scattered across the country
market and also cater domestic and to meet local demands.
international demands.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (5 Marks)

18. How are industries responsible for environmental degradation in India? Explain
with examples. [Delhi 2019]
Ans. Population is a negative effect of industrialization. It adversely affects the
environment and degrades it. Air pollution is caused by the presence of undesirable
gases in high proportion, such as sulphur dioxide and cabon monoxide, dust sprays,
mist and smoke in the atmosphere due to emission from industrial units. Smoke is
emitted from chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants,
burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories, etc. that ignore pollution norms.
These spread respiratory diseases among the people working or living in such areas.

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GEOGRAPHY
QUESTIONS-X
Toxic gas leaks like the Bhopal Gas Tragedy can be hazardous with long-term ill
effects. Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and
effluent discharged into rivers.
The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing,
petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries. These let out dyes,
detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides,
fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc., into water
bodies. They turn big and small rivers into toxic streams.
Iron and steel slags are dumped into water bodies, especially rivers, destroying
aquatic life and making the water unfit for use. The pollution of the Ganga and the
Yamuna are examples of water pollution caused by industries.
Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants
are drained into rivers or other water bodies.

19. What is the manufacturing sector? Why is it considered the backbone of

development? Interpret the reason. [All India 2015]
Ans. Manufacturing sector refers to the secondary sector of the economy which deals with
production of goods in large quantities with the help of machines, where raw
materials are transformed into more valuable products. Manufacturing is considered
as the backbone of economic development because:
(a) Manufacturing has contributed to modernisation of agriculture and reduced the
dependency on agriculture by providing jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(b) It has helped in reducing the poverty and unemployment and aimed at reducing
the regional disparities by setting up of industries in rural, backward and tribal
areas.
(c) Export of industrial goods contributed to valuable foreign exchange earnings.
(d) It has added value to raw materials by converting them into finished goods.
(e) The prosperity of a nation depends upon the development and diversification of
manufacturing. Thus, it has not only made India self-sufficient but more
competitive in terms of international market.
(f) It brings down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and
backward areas.
(g) Industry sector contributes substantially to GDP. (.any four)

20. On the given outline map of India locate and label the following with appropriate
symbols.
(i) Durgapur-Iron and Steel Plant [Delhi 2016]
(ii) Bhilai-Iron and Steel Plant [CBSE 2018(C); Delhi 2017(C), 14;
All India 2017, 16, 13, 12; Foreign 2015]
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GEOGRAPHY
QUESTIONS-X
(iii) Gandhinagar Software Technology Park [Delhi 2015]
(iv) Coimbatore-Cotton textile centre [Delhi 2014]
(v) Salem-Iron and Steel Plant [Delhi 2017; Foreign 2012]
(vi) Bokaro-Iron and Steel Industry [Delhi 2011]
(vii) Kanpur-Cotton Textile Industry [All India 2011]
(viii) Noida-Software Technology Park [Delhi 2019]
(ix) Vijaynagar-Iron and Steel Plant [Delhi 2019]
(x) Hyderabad-Software Technology Park [Delhi 2017]
Ans.

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