LESSON 2: The Role of Media and LITERACY
Information in Communication The ability to identify, understand,
interpret, create, communicate, and
Media - The main ways that large compute using printed and written
number of people receive materials associated with varying
information and entertainment, that contexts
is television, radio, newspaper, and MEDIA LITERACY
the internet. (Oxford Learner’s The ability to access, analyze,
Dictionaries) evaluate, and create media in a
Refers to the combinations of variety of forms. It aims to empower
physical objects used to citizens by providing them with the
communicate or mass competencies (knowledge and skills)
communication through physical necessary to engage with traditional
objects such as radio, television, media and new technologies
computers, etc. (UNSECO) INFORMATION LITERACY
The ability to recognize when
ROLES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION TO information is needed and to locate,
COMMUNICATION evaluate, and effectively
communicate information in its
1. IT MAKES THE WORLD A SMALLER PLACE various formats.
Social media platforms bring people TECHNOLOGY LITERACY
from different locations, The ability of an individual, either
backgrounds, culture, and race working independently or with
together. Today’s media also create others to responsibly, appropriately,
bridges between countries and and effectively use technological
cultures without having the need to tools.
travel physically, all we need is to MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
look something up on the web. UNESCO defines Media and
EXAMPLE: Watching travel vlogs Information Literacy as a set of
competencies that empowers
2. IT MAKES COMMUNICATION citizens to access, retrieve,
CONVENIENT understand, evaluate, and use to
People may communicate without create as well as share information
having to wait long through the and media context in all formats,
existence of email and various using various tools in critical, ethical,
messaging sites and apps. and effective way, in order to
EXAMPLE: Handwritten letter before participate and engage in personal,
takes weeks or months to be professional and societal activities.
received, now it takes only a second
to send a message to someone. EVOLUTION OF MEDIA
• Pre-Industrial Age
3. IT SHAPES PUBLIC OPINION • Industrial Age
In his book “setting the agenda”, • Electronic Age
Maxwell McComb explained that • New age or Information Age
mass media shapes public opinion PRE-INDUSTRIAL AGE
through its wide reach, not to • Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) -
mention the perceived credibility of People discovered fire, developed
the media, they can sway the paper from plants, and forged
opinion of their audience according weapons and tools with stone,
to the message they convey. bronze, copper and iron.
EXAMPLE: “Pizza is better without
pineapples” People may oppose, CAVE PAINTINGS - (also known as “parietal
support, or argue to that statement. art”) are numerous paintings and
engravings found on cave walls or ceilings
MEDIA LITERACY, INFORMATION around 38 000 BCE.
LITERACY, TECHNOLOGY
LITERACY
CLAY TABLETS - Clay tablets are used as a
writing medium especially for writing in
cuneiform. is one of the oldest forms of MOTION PICTURE
writing. This means of communication was PHOTOGRAPHY/PROJECTION (1890) - A
used for over 3 000 years in 15 different series of pictures projected on a screen in
languages. rapid succession with objects shown in
successive positions slightly changed so as
PAPYRUS - Papyrus is made from pith of to produce the optical effect of a
papyrus plant. It is used in ancient times as continuous picture in which the objects
writing surface to designate documents move. : a representation (as of a story) by
written on its sheets, rolled up to scrolls. means of motion picture.
ACTA DIURNA IN ROME (130 BC) - Acta MOTION PICTURE WITH SOUND (1926) -
Diurna were daily Roman official notices, a A sound film is a motion picture
sort of daily gazette. They were carved on with synchronized sound, or sound
stone or metal and presented in message technologically coupled to image, as
boards in public places like the Forum of opposed to a silent film.
Rome.
NEWSPAPER- THE LONDON GAZETTE
DIBAO IN CHINA - In imperial China, the (1640) - The London Gazette is one of the
central and local governments published official journals of record of the British
things called "Dibao.“They have been called government, and the most important
"palace reports" or "imperial bulletins". among such official journals in the United
Dibao were significant because they served Kingdom, in which certain statutory notices
as a platform for the dissemination of are required to be published.
official government reports and
announcements to the general public. TYPEWRITER (1800) - A typewriter is a
machine with keys which are pressed in
CODEX IN THE MAYAN REGION (5TH order to print letters, numbers, or other
CENTURY) - Maya codices (singular codex) characters onto paper.
are folding books written by the pre-
Columbian Maya civilization in Maya TELEPHONE (1876) - Telephone is an
hieroglyphic script on Mesoamerican bark instrument designed for the simultaneous
paper. transmission and reception of the human
voice.
PRINTING PRESS USING WOOD BLOCKS
(220 AD) - Technique for printing text, PUNCH CARDS - A card in which holes are
images or patterns used widely throughout punched in designated positions to
East Asia and originating in China in represent data.
antiquity as a method of printing on textiles
and later paper. ELECTRONIC AGE
• Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) - The
INDUSTRIAL AGE invention of the transistor ushered
• Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) - in the electronic age. People
People used the power of steam, harnessed the power of transistors
developed machine tools, that led to the transistor radio,
established iron production, and the electronic circuits, and the early
manufacturing of various products computers. In this age, long distance
(including books through the communication became more
printing press). efficient.
PRINTING PRESS FOR MASS PRODUCTION TRANSISTOR RADIO - A Transistor radio is a
(19TH CENTURY) - A printing press is radio receiver which uses transistors
typically used for texts. It is a device that to amplify the sound.
applies pressure to an inked surface resting
upon a print medium (like paper or cloth). TELEVISION (1941) - The panel
recommended a 525-line system and an
TELEGRAPH - Telegraph is used for long- image rate of 30 frames per second. It also
distance communication by transmitting recommended that all U.S. television sets
electrical signals over a wire laid between operate using analog signals. Analog signals
stations.
were used to broadcast television
programming for 60 years.
THE HEWLETT-PACKARD 9100A (HP 9100A)
is an early programmable calculator (or
computer), first appearing in 1968. HP
called it a desktop calculator because, as Bill
Hewlett said, "If we had called it a
computer, it would have been rejected by
our customers' computer gurus because it
didn't look like an IBM (International
Business Machines Corporation).
OVERHEAD PROJECTORS (OHP)
LCD PROJECTORS - An overhead projector is
limited to projecting only what a person
might write or draw on the clear piece of
film that rests on top of the
projector. Unlike an LCD
projector, overhead projectors are not able
to project in color.
NEW AGE OR INFORMATION AGE
• Information Age (1900s-2000s) - The
Internet paved the way for faster
communication and the creation of
the social network. People advanced
the use of microelectronics with the
invention of personal computers,
mobile devices, and wearable
technology. Moreover, voice, image,
sound and data are digitalized. We
are now living in the information
age.
LAPTOP - A laptop has an all-in-one design,
with a built-in monitor, keyboard,
touchpad (which replaces the mouse), and
speakers. A laptop is also quicker to set up,
and there are fewer cables to get in the
way.
FACEBOOK - a social networking site that
makes it easy for you to connect and share
with family and friends online. Originally
designed for college students, Facebook
was created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg
while he was enrolled at Harvard University.
