CHAPTER I
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVELOF KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING CERVICAL CANCER AMONG WOMENS
IN SELECTED AREA (NEDUNGUNDRAM)
INTRODUCTION
Self knowledge is the beginning of self improvement''
Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer and is one of the leading
cancer causing death in india,Cervical cancer means abnormal cells growth in
the cervix, it is caused by human papilloma virus. Cervial cancer which can be
easily prevented by screening women who aged above 30years and by
vaccinating young girls against HPV, lack of less knowledge about cervical
cancer makes early detection and timely screening difficut.The risk factors of
cervical cancer include infection with high-risk human papilloma
virus(HPV),early age of the first sexual
intercourse,mulyiparity,immunosuperssion,co-infection with sexually
transmitted diseases,long term use of hormonal contraceptives,estrogen
replacement therapy and obesity.
Globally,cervical cancer remains as an important cause of mortality among
young women.In 2021, almost 260,000 women died from cancer of the cervix
globally.Nearly 95% of the deaths occur in developing countries.
In Nigeria, cervical cancer remains the most common reproductive tract
malignancy, and the age adjusted incidence rate is approximately 28.5 per
100,000.Most cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed predominantly at
advanced clinical stage III and IV. Also,as in most other developing countries,
no organized screening programme exits.
According to Ms. Anusha D Souza (2022) on assess the level of risk of
cervical cancer among women study reveals that (65%) women were at
moderate level, (31%) at severe level, (4%) were at mild level of risk of
cervical cancer, there was a siginificant association found between education
and age of the marriage women at marriage (8.279), age at first child
birth(14.949), number of children (30.451), regular menstruation
(15.932),perineal hygiene practice (11.931) at p>0.05.The findings study to
helps the investigator to identify the risk factors of cervical cancer.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
Cervical cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer morbidity and
mortality in worldwide, it had an estimate of 570,000 cases and 311,000
deaths in 2023 worldwide. It ranks second in incidence and mortality in lower
settings.Every 2mins a women is diagnosed with cancer globally. About
132,000 cases of cervical cancer occur in india and women die from the
disease annually.The incidence of tamil nadu is one of the highest state, at
2.6% of diagnosed cancer in women.The number new cases in the year 2024
in 309 new cases and 127 deaths.
Breast and cervical cancers are the leading cancers among women in
tamil nadu, with estimated annual new cases of 882,000 and 230,000
respectively. More than 324,300 and 444,500 women die from these cancers
every is projected to continue to rise 720,415 and 394,905 respectively in
2025. A marked increase has been predicted specifically in digitable
countries, with a 58% expected increase in the number of new cases and
63% expected increase in the number of related deaths.
. In sub-india, 34,800 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed per
1,00,000 women annually and 2.51,000 women die from the disease.This
figure is higher when compared with 6.6 and 2.5 per 100,000 women,
respectively, in north india,The marked differences can be explained by low
preventive health behavior, lack of access to effective screening services that
facilitate early detection and treatment.Cervical cancer is second cause of
death and morbidity next to breast cancer. According to data from population
based cancer registery, cervical caner was the second leading cancer
comprising 10.8% of all cases of cancer.
NEEDS OF THE STUDY:
The purpose of this research was to study the association of cervical
cancer, knowledge, awaeness of cervical cancer and individual competence
factors with the self rated health status of women resisting a group of assisted
living facilities.
The study looked at whether cervical cancer awarness was the most
common contributor to a positive health status based on the data collected.
Cervical cancer is the common cancer in women both in developed and
less developed countries.It is estimated that worldwide over 5309000 women
died in 2023 due to cervical cancer(WHO 2023).
UNICEF(2020) has stated globally cervical cancer is the second most
common form of cancer in women with an estimated 530,000 new cases a
year, resulting in 266,000 deaths in india.
The National Cervical Cancer Condition (NCCC) 2021 is a gross root
and non profit organization dedicated to saving women with at risk for cervical
cancer. They state women in developing country account about 85% of both,
the yearly cases of cervical cancer estimated as 1,23,000.the death rate is
67,500.
International Agency for Research Cancer (IARC)2022 in Gynecology
cancer account for 50% of all cancer in women, of these cancer cervix
accounts for 80% and hence being commonest cancer in women in the
developig countries including india.
Sema Sharma (2023) has started Single Visit Approach (SVA) in india,
cervical cancer is the most common cause of death among women between
age group 40-60years. The totel cases detected among women 2,75,000, The
death rate is 72,000.The trends in developed countries is how ever, changing
now and they are experiencing declining rates of incidence, early detection
and effective treatment.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
A study to assess the level knowledge regarding cervical cancer among
womens in selected area.
Objectives:-
1) To asses the level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer among
women.
2) To find out the association between knowledge score regarding
cervical cancer with selected demographic variables of womens.
Operational Definition:-
Cervical cancer:
Cervical cancer means the development of abnormal cells growth on
the surface area of the cervix, It is caused by an HPV infection but most cases
resolved by immune system.
Knowledge:
Refers to knowledge of women in village area regarding cervical
cancer as measured by knowledge on cervical cancer.
Assumption:
Selected women will have some knowlege on cervical cancer.
Selected women will slightly knowledge about the cervical cancer.
Hypothesis:
There will be a significant knowledge on cervical cancer among
women.
There is a significant association between the level of knowlwdge
among women with their selected demographic variables.
Delimination:
Only 30 womens can be used as a sample.
Data collection is women to all age group.
Study is limited to womens ( In Nedungundram area).
Summary:
This chapter dealt with the intrduction,background of the study,needs of
the study, statement of the problem,objectives,operational definition and
Delimitation of the study.
