nla is one of the world. Ithas “economic pi decades. tt hi kable ancient cullisations in the ‘achleved multi-faceted socio. rogress during the last five AS moved forward displaying Progress in the field of seneulture, industry, technology and overall economic devel India has also icantly to the making of world history naa fs 8 vast country. Lying entirely in the Rortheen hemisphere (Figure 1-1) the mune land estends between latitudes 8°4'N ana S7°GN and longitudes 68°77 and 97°25, 2 ORR GT ‘The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30'N) divides the Country into almost two equa. pais, To the southeast and southwest of the mainland, le the Andaman and Nicobar islands and the Lakshadweep Islands In Bay of Bengal and Arablan Sea respectively, Find out the extent, of these groups of islands from your atlas, 2 a The southenuuost polnt of (heladtan Union Indra Pant gatsubmeng ner te ea water n 2004 dung the Fauna ‘The land mass of India has an area of 3.28 million square km. India's total area accounts for about 2.4 per cent of the total geographical igure 1.1 tnt tthe Worket no7s @ scanned with OKEN Scanner‘argest country of Sie waetd. tia hae ee Noundary of | * ity S290 has been slated ashe Standard abou Meridian of naan AOU 15.200 fem ind the total length ofthe argh te ference beween the durations Coastline ina MiegpttBland., ineluaing SUEY RRE night harely felt at Kansan, te 7 51a g ent Ncobarand taken ee DOCMOt 80 in Kashmir 'S7.516.6 km oMGhadweep, india Is bounded by ih Pen rm yn nde: he young fold fo noetntttts tn the north wa f northeast. South's Con Peetlan landmass has a central location ladtuder ie begin «of ABOut 22" north Reuven the Bast and the West asia, Indian towards the Iainy (9,{9PE". and extends ‘euthward extension ofthe Asian eoninen ae 0 Seas, the Arming cee”: dividing it inte tans Indian Ocean routes, which conment re mena he anne Seon “hewestand countries ar Europe in the West and the aK at Pgh is east ‘of Bast Asia, provide a suateyie conte) {Oak 8 Figure 1.3 and note Brat the eaten atest As rove eS I a Mth Southeast and East Asia from the easnns reg Cuarac to Arunachal Pradesh iiere i3a time lag oftwone Urs. Henee, time fags he Standard Meriaiat of India latitudinal extent Du You know? Since the opening of the Influences the duration of. we lron Gay and might. Suez canatn vac, lata on ‘one moves from south to north, hasbeen Teduced by 7,000 km, i708 “ _ 4 - - _— - 9.98 9.83, 9,60_ -, ery ‘ . 28 : SB so sp “ew Gams “USA Ghna Ba) aunt pg Country “eure Untied Nations Demographic Yea Book 2015 Plowe 12: Seven Largest Counties of the Worts ~CowteopoRasey nt zeae. ee err : ~G& Scanned with OKEN Scannerne aw ey, naistay, super wc. INOIAN 76 anjawows vize panes a 36 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerIndia’s contact tains in the north have provided to the ancient traveller ‘ceans restricted such interaction for al ‘thus could reach many parts of the. spices, muslin and other merchandise wee Strategic position 8 states and Eight uth “Asia. India has 2: Union territories (Figure 1 Revell erie wine aa Tertortes along the western and eastern costa "p,dstewise which ls the smallest and which is the largest state? Joie slates which do not have an international border or lie on the const faitbelly the states into four groups each having common frontiers vith {0 Pakistan, (i) China, ili) Myanmar, and (Bangladesh, ous Myanmar and Bangladesh in the oat Que southern neighbours across the oy Consist ofthe two island countries, naniely 1a 10a know? 20209 KOO aces 1947, unre were two {YPes ofetates in india — the provinces and ine puneely states, Provinces were ruled direst he Wrath officials. who were appointed by any Niseroy. Princely states were ruled by loom Pereditary rulers, who acknowledged sovereignty 4m return for local autonomy 2028.25 @ scanned with OKEN Scannera, ADIACENT COUNTRIES 4 ‘Maguire 1. India and Adjacent Countries Sri Lanka and Maldives. Sri Lanka Is India has had strong geographical and Separated from India by a narrow channel _ historical links with her neighbours. Look of Sra formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf at the physical map of Asia In your atlas, of Mannar. while Maldives islands are situated and note how India stands apart from the to the south of the Lakshadweep Islands. rest of Asia, Schoo! Bhuvan, NCERT Is a portal providing map-based learning to bring awareness among the students about the country’s natural resources, envionment and thelr role in sustainable evelopment. It is an iniuauve of Bhuvan — NRSC/ISRO based on NCERT syllabus. You can explore ‘ous maps of India related t the secondary stage on hitps:/ /bhuvan-appl.nrsc gov in/mhrd.ncert/ 202025 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerExercise 1 Choose the right an ihe Fight answer from the four alternatives given below. a sae aoe 1 aaraktand. Ucar Pradesh, Bihar, Weat Bengal and Sikkim have common oe (e) Nepal tb) Bhutan {@) Myanmar (9) Ifyou intend to vislt Kavarats during your summer vacations, which onc of the following Union Territories of India you will be going to In). Puducherry fe) Andaman and Nicobar (oh Lakshadweep () Daman and Dia 1 My end halls (rom a country which does not share land boundary with India. Identify the country. (a) Bhutan. {e) Bangladesh th) Tajikistan (8) Nepal 2 Answer the following questions brlely. {i} Name the group of Islands lying in the Arabian Sea (i) Name the counteles which are larger than India (i) Whieh island group of India les to Its south-east? {is} Which island countries are our southern neighbours? ‘The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in'the west bul the watches show the same time, How does this happen? ‘The contra! location of India at the head of the Indian Ocean ts considered of great signifieance. Why? 3 4 Mao Sx Identify the following with the help of map reading. fi) "The Istand groups of india lying In the Arablan Sea and the Bay of Bengal. (i) The counties constituting Indian subcontinent. lil) The States through which the Trople of Cancer passes. lis) The northernmost latitude In degrees. (v) The southernmost latitude of the Indian mainland in degrees. (it) ‘The eastern and the western-most longitude in degrees. (vii) The place situated on the three seas. (wilt) ‘The strait separaUng Sri Lanka from India lis) The Union Territories of India. 1 Paoveer/Acrviy 0) Pind ot dhe longitudinal and lautudinal extent of your state Ui) Collect Information about the ‘Silk Route’. Also find out the new developments, which are improving communication routes In the regions of Inygh atucude, conrauroRany ir 2026-25 @ scanned with OKEN Scannerr q rd as indus, Persians- H Lying in the Northern hemisphere Extension: latitudes: 8°4’N and 37°6’N and longitudes: 68°7’E and 97°25’E The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30’N) divides the country into almost two equal parts, Area: 3.28 million Square km (3,287,263 sq km or 1,269,219 sq miles) 2.4 % of the total 8e€0graphical area of the world, 7" largest Country of the world. Distance: North-South: 3,214 km (1,997 m ; East -West: 2,933 km (1,822 mi) Land boundary: 15,200 km chu) Southernmost tip of the Indian mainland: Kanyakumari (8°4'41"N & 77°S5'230°E Southernmost point: Indira Point on Great Nicobar Island. Northernmost point: Indira Col, Siachen Glacier (under Indian admi istration) Easternmost point: Kibithu, Arunachal Pradesh Westernmost Point: Ghuar Mota, Kutch region of Gujarat India's territorial waters: 12 nautical miles (13.8 mi; 22.2 km) from the coast baseline, @ scanned with OKEN ScannerVvvy VvVvVvvy R 1 ~ M9rd as indus; Persians- Hindu (for sindhu) Lying in the Northern hemisphere Extension: latitudes: 8°4’N and 37°6’N and longitudes: 68°7’E and 97°25’E. The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30’N) divides the country into almost two equal parts, Area: 3.28 million Square km (3,287,263 sq km or 1,269,219 sq miles) 2.4 % of the total 8eographical area of the world. 7" largest Country of the world, Distance: North-South: 3,214 km (1,997 mi); East -West: 2,933 km (1,822 mi) Land boundary: 15,200 km Coast line: 7,516.6 km (including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep) Bounded by the young fold mountains in the northwest, north and north east. Southernmost tip of the Indian mainland: Kanyakumari (8°4’41"N & 77°55'230"E Southernmost point: Indira Point on Great Nicobar Island. Northernmost point: Indira Col, Siachen Glacier (under Indian administration) Easternmost point: Kibithu, Arunachal Pradesh Westernmost Point: Ghuar Mota, Kutch region of Gujarat India's territorial waters: 12 nautical miles (13.8 mi; 22.2 km) from the coast baseline. @ scanned with OKEN ScannerBEES @ scanned with OKEN Scanner@ scanned with OKEN Scanner> Central location between dic ca , Southward extension of the Asian Continent. + The trans Indian Ocean routes provide a strategic central location to India. , Close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the western coast and with Southeast and East Asia from the eastern coast. > Long coastline on the Indian Ocean and it is India’s eminent position in the Indian Ocean which justifies the naming of an ocean after it. India’s contacts with the world have continued through the ages but her relationships through the land routes are much older than her maritime contacts. The various passes across the mountains in the north have provided passages to the ancient travellers, while the oceans restricted such interaction for a long time. > Land routes have contributed in the exchange of ideas and commodities since ancient times ~ The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of Panchtantra, the Indian numerals and the decimal system thus could reach many parts of the world. - The spices, muslin and other merchandise were taken from India to different countries. + The influence of Greek sculpture, and the architectural styles of dome and minarets from West Asia can be seen in different parts of our country. @ scanned with OKEN Scannerpy Central location vetwecin wie cases Southward extension of the Asian Continent. The trans Indian Ocean routes provide a strategi c central location to India. - Close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the western coast and with Southeast and East Asia from the eastern coas y Long coastline on the Indian Ocean and it is | Indian Ocean which justifies the naming of an ocea! India’s contacts with the world have conti her relationships through the land routes are muc contacts. The various passes across the mountains i s restricted such interaction for passages to the ancient travellers, while the ocean: a long time. Land routes have contributed in the exchange © ancient times. it. ndia’s eminent position in the n after it. nued through the ages but h older than her maritime n the north have provided f ideas and commodities since , The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of Panchtantra, the Indian numerals and the decimal system thus could reach many parts of the hitectural styles of dome and world. + The spices, muslin and other merchandise were taken from India to different countries. + The influence of Greek sculpture, and the arc minarets {rom West Asia can be seen in different parts of our country. @ scanned with OKEN Scanner7 India occupies an important strategic position in South Asia. India has 28 states and 7 Union Territories. 7 Shares its land boundaries with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest, China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north and Myanmar and Bangiadesh in the east. » Southern neighbours across the sea consist of the two island countries, namely Sri Lanka and Maldives. Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar while Maldives Islands are situated to the south of the Lakshadweep Islands > India is one of the ancient civilisations in the world. + Multi-faceted socioeconomic progress during the last five decades. 7 Remarkable progress in the field of agriculture, industry, technology and overall economic development. 7 India has also contributed significantly to the making of world history. @ scanned with OKEN Scannera eee ee eee y India occupies an important strategic position in South Asia. India has 28 states and 7 Union Territories. 7 Shares its land boundaries with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest, China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhuten in the north and Myanmar and Bangiadesh in the east. > Southern neighbours across the sea consist of the two island countries, namely Sri Lanka and Maldives. Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar while Maldives Islands are situated to the south of the Lakshadweep Islands > India is one of the ancient civilisations in the world. Multi-faceted socioeconomic progress during the last five decades. > Remarkable progress in the field of agriculture, industry, technology and overall economic development. India has also contributed significantly to the making of world history. @ scanned with OKEN ScannerBoh B oe 1. Latitudes and Longitudes: aabtabeeg Being located in the northern hemisphere. India stretches from 8°04'N latitude in the south to 37°06'N latitude in the north, ie. the mainland of India extends frorr, Kanyakumari in the south to Kashmir in the north. The southernmost point of indian union is Indira Point which was previously known as Persons Pygmalion; is actually the southernmost point of Car Nicobar where it touches the parallel of 6°45’N. Longitude: In the eastern hemisphere, india stretches from 68°07’E longitude in the west to 97°25’E longitude in the east, i.e. between the western frontier of Gujarat in the west to the eastern frontier of Arunachal Pradesh in the east. 2. Distance from the sea: India is surrounded by (i) the Bay of Bengal in the east, (ii) the Arabian Sea in the west, (iii) the Indian Ocean in the south and (iv) the Lakshadweep Sea to the southwest. 3. Location of neighbouring countries: India is bordered on the north by China (the largest neighbour, 96 lakhs sq. km), Nepal and Bhutan, on the east by Myanmar and Bangladesh, on the south By Sri Lanka, on the west by Pakistan and on the north-west by Afghanistan. The smallest neighbour of India (298 sq. km), Maldives, lies to the south-west of India; with these neighbours India has trade relations as well as cultural links Soe | @ scanned with OKEN ScannerHe BOS cig 4, Latitudes and Longitudes: Latitude: a 8°04’ N | oo in the northern hemisphere. india stretches from Saas atitude in the south to 37°06’N latitude in the north, i.e. the mainland of India extends from Kanyakumari in the south to Kashmir in the north. The southernmost point of Indian union is Indira Point which was previously Known as Persons Pygmalion; is actually the southernmost point of Car Nicobar where it touches the parallel of 6°45'N. Longitude: In the eastern hemisphere, India stretches from 68°07’E longitude in the west to 97°25’E longitude in the east, i.e. between the western frontier of Gujarat in the west to the eastern frontier of Arunachal Pradesh in the east. 2. Distance from the sea: India is surrounded by (i) the Bay of Bengal in the east, (ii) the Arabian Sea in the west, (iii) the Indian Ocean in the south and (iv) the Lakshadweep Sea to the southwest. 3. Location of neighbouring countries: India is bordered on the north by China (the largest neighbour, 96 lakhs sq. km), Nepal and Bhutan, on the east by Myanmar and Bangladesh, on the south By Sri Lanka, on the west by Pakistan and on the north-west by Afghanistan. The smallest neighbour of India (298 sq. km), Maldives, lies to the south-west of India; with these neighbours India has trade relations as well as cultural links @ scanned with OKEN Scanner