1 - BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

1. Diatoms, the chief producers in oceans, are useful to us even if their death. Evaluate the
statement
2. Suggest the Correct Scientific term for the following: Algal Partner Lichens
3. Find out what do the terms ‘algal bloom’ and ‘red tides’ signify.
4. How viroid are’s different from virus?
5. Bacteria reproduce by various methods. Mention the type of reproduction given in the diagram.
What are the other methods of reproduction occur in bacteria
6. Match the following:

7. What are the characteristic features of Euglenoides?

8. Give 4 difference between Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes:
9. Observe the cyanobacteria given below and answer the following.
1. Name the cyanobacteria, and the kingdom it belongs.
2. Label’s ‘P’ and mention its functions.
10. What do the terms phycobiont and mycobiont signify?
11. The two-kingdom classification is introduced by Linnaeus. Why is the two
Kingdom classification inadequate?
12. How is the five-kingdom classification advantageous over the two kingdom classification?
13. What is the principle underlying the use of cyanobacteria in agricultural fields for crop
14. Methane is the main component of biogas and it is produced by bacteria.
a) Name the bacteria. b) Identify the group in which it belongs.
15. Based on the relationship, fill in the blanks.
1. Sac fungi: Ascomycetes Imperfect fungi: …………
2. Thermoacidophiles: Archaebacteria in hot springs
…………………: Archaebacteria in Salty areas
16. Name the classes fungi shows exogenous and endogenous spore production. In which fruiting
Bodies they are found.
17. Rust and smut diseases are caused by the members of basidiomycetes. Name it.
18. Organize a discussion in your class on the topic virus. Are viruses living or nonliving?

2 -PLANT KINGDOM
1. Choose the correct answer. The photosynthetic thalloid gametophyte of pteridophyte is called
a) Gemma b) Prothallus c) Protonema d) Capsule
2. Observe the relationship and fill in the blanks.
a. Coralloid root : Association of roots with N2 fixing cyanobacteria
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 b.Association of roots with fungi.
3. Fill in the blanks.
Class Common Name Stored Food
(a) Green Algae Starch
Rhodophyceae Red Algae (b)
Phaeophyceae _ (c) (d)
4. Most pteridophytes are homosporous, but there are exceptions.
a) Identify two heterosporous genera
b) Heterospory is a precursor to seed habit'.
Point out any one common character found in heterospory and seed habit.
5. Event hough algae are primary producers on aquatic ecosystems, man is benefited by algae in a
variety of ways.Write any four points in favour of this statement.
6. The following is a list of characteristic features of angiosperms and gymnosperms. Choose those
characters that belong to gymnosperms.
a. Tracheids alone form the conducting elements in xylem.
b. Production of fruits
c. Naked seeds
d. Cones are seen
e. Flowers absent
f. Xylem mainly contains vessels
g. Double fertilisation present
7. Double fertilisation is an event unique to angiosperms'.
a) Mention the two fusions in this event.
b) Name the products obtained as a result of these fusions
c) Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom. Give reason
8. Unlike a majority of the pteridophytes, genera like Selaginella and Salvinia show a unique
feature in spore formation.
a) What is this feature? b) Briefly comment on its significance
9. Artificial systems and natural systems are two systems of classification. Who are the proponents
of these two systems? Write the criteria used by them for these classifications.
10. The given figure shows a plant belonging to liverworts.
a) Identify the plant.
b) Name the asexual buds seen on it and write their features

11. Match the items of column

A with column B.

12. Observe the figure given below. It shows two phases in the life cycle of a plant.
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Identify the phase marked as A. Write any two peculiarities of this stage
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13. Agar is a commercial product obtained from red algae.
a) Name the two algae which can be used to produce agar.
b) Write any one use of agar

3 -MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

1. Observe the following diagrams "a" and "b" and identify the placentation

2. Observe the given relation and fill in the blanks.

a) Plumule : Coleoptile Radicle : ...................
3. By examining the four matchpairs given below, find the correct matched pair from the
alternatives given below
a) (i) and (ii) b) (ii) and (iv)
c) (ii) and (iii) d) (i) and (iii)

4. Observe the relationship between the first two terms and fill in the blank.
Epipetalous Stamen - Brinjal
......................................... - Lily
5. Observe the figure and identify the type of inflorescence

6. The following figures show two types of aestivation.

Answer the following questions.
a) Identify the types A and B
b) How will you distinguish A and B?

7. Write the names of aestivation in figures 1, 2 and 3. Identify aestivation of petals in pea flowers
from the above three aestivations.

8. Identify the diagram and label the parts shown as...

(i)............... (ii).............. (iii)............. (iv)................
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9. Observe the diagrams given below.
Name the type of flowers A and B. Give one example of each
10. Match the following:

11. The following figures A and B show two different types of phyllotaxy.
Identify the phyllotaxy A, B and explain them

12. Observe the diagram and label the parts noted as A, B, C and D.

13. Define the following terms: (a) Aestivation (b) Placentation

14. Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on stem of branch. Write the name of any
two types of Phyllotaxy
15. Salient features of angiosperms are given below. Select the features of dicotyledons.
a) Seeds having two Cotyledons
b) Parallel venation in leaves
c) Single cotyledon in seeds
d)Reticulate venation in leaves
16. The diagram given below shows the parts of a true fruit.
a) Write the technical name of this fruit developed from a
monocarpellary superior ovary.
b) Label parts A and B
c) Can you distinguish a parthenocarpic fruit from the given fruit?
17. Observe the figures a, b and c. identify the position of the ovary of
each flower and name the flowers accordingly.

18. Write three peculiarities of gynoecium seen in Solanaceae

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 19. Observe the given floral diagram.
(a) Identify the family.
(b) Write any two floral characters of this family.
(c) Write the name of two economically important plants of this
family

4 -ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

1. Fill in the blank. Epidermal hairs on the stem of certain plants are called.............
2. Choose the CORRECT answer. All tissues on the innerside of the endodermis together
constitute....
a) Conjuctive tissue b) Stele c) Pericycle d) Vascular bundle
3. Two types of plant specimens were given to students for
microscopical observation. They were directed to note down
the features they observed. Major features noted by students
were summarised in the box.
a) Name the two specimens.

b) Substantiate your answer by picking up the features

of specimens from the box and write them in two columns.

4. Identify the types of vascular bundles given below and label the parts
5.Observe the T.S. of a leaf given below:
(a) Label A, B and C.

(b) Identify the type of leaf

5. Anatomical features of a plant part are given below. Collenchymatous hypodermis Open
vascular bundles identify the plant part and write other three features of the identified plant part
6. Complete the flowchart given below:

7. Observe the T.S of a plant part given below:

Identify the plant part and explain any two features of its vascular
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 8. What are simple tissues? Write two examples
9. In the anatomy lab, Eugin observed the following features in the T.S. of a plant part.
a) Radial and polyarch xylem bundles b) Parenchymatous (homogenous) cortex
c) Large pith d) Epidermis with epidermal hars
e) Pericycle f) Endodermis with casparian strips
10. The tissue between the upper and lower epidermis in dorsi-ventral leaf is called mesophyll
tissue.
(a) Name the two types of cells seen in mesophyll tissue.
(b) What is the function of mesophyll tissue?
11. Given below are some characteristics of dicot root and dicot stem. Arrange them under
suitable columns in the table provided. (a)Presence of casparian strips.
(b)Vascular bundles arranged in the form of a ring.
(c)Two or four xylem and phloem patches.
(d)Conjoint, open, vascular bundles with endarch
protoxylem.
What are bulliform cells? Mention their function
12. Distinguish between leaf anatomy of dicot leaf and monocot leaf. (Hint: Any three points each)
13. The following are the anatomical features of flowering plants. Arrange these features in the
table given below:
(i) Exarch xylem (ii) Presence of hypodermis
(iii) Palisade parenchyma cells
(iv) Conjoint and open vascular bundles
(v) Endodermis with casparian strips (vi) Large empty bulliform cells
14. Anatomical features of two plant specimens are given below:
a) Name the two specimens.
b) Substantiate your answer by
Arranging them in two columns.

15. Analyze the table and arrange

them in an appropriate order

16.Identify the type of vascular bundle.

PROTON CLASSES “THINK LIKE PROTON, STAY POSITIVE”

 17.Some anatomical characters are given in brackets. Arrange them in three columns under root, stem and
Leaves. (conjoint open bundles, mesophyll cells, endarch xylem, radial bundles, bulliform cells on
Epidermis, casparain thickenings in endodermis, exarch xylem).

5 –CELL THE UNIT OF LIFE

1. The diagrams a,b,c given below show three kinds of chromosomes. Of these, which is
metacentric non-satellite chromosome? Justify your answer. Also name the type of
chromosomebased on the position of centromere in the figure and label the parts A, B and C

2. Prokaryotic cells possess a special membranous structure which is formed by the

extensions ofthe plasma membrane in the form of vesicles, tubules and lamellae. Identify this
structure and write any one of its functions

3. In which hydrolyses, the membrane bound vesicles are present?

4. Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain called.............
5. Choose the correctly matched pair.
a) Telocentric chromosome - Middle centromere
b) Metacentric chromosome - Centromere slightly away from the middle
c) Acrocentric chromosome - Centromere close to its end
6. There are different types of leucoplasts in plant cells. Name the leucoplast that store proteins.
7. Small disc-shaped structures at the surface of the centromere are called.........
8. Vacuole is bound by a single membrane called……………
9. A structure seen in bacterial cell is...........
a) Nucleus b) Lysosome c) Plastid d) Mesosome
10. Distinguish between the characters of chloroplast and ribosomes from the given list and write
them in appropriate columns.
(Double membrane, George Palade, sac-like thylakoid,
70S and 80S)

11. Observe the figure given below. Identify the organelle and write its two functions
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12. Pili and fimbriae are surface structures seen in bacterial cells. Differentiate these structures.
13. Analyze the table and fill in the blanks.

14. State whether the statements are 'true' or 'false'. If 'false' correct the statements by
changingthe underlined words.
a) Aleuroplasts store carbohydrates.
b) The centrioles form the basal body of cilia and flagella.
c) Ribosomes are not surrounded by membranes.
d) RER is the major site for synthesis of lipids.
15. Write any four functions of mesozones present in prokaryotic cells.
16. Peculiarities of certain cell organelles are given below
a) Involved in protein synthesis
b) Made up of many flat, disc shaped sacs or cisternae
c) Bear ribosomes on their surface
d) Rich in hydrolytic enzymes e. Membrane is absent
Copy the table given below and write the above peculiarities in appropriate column.
17. Based on the position of centromere classify chromosomes and write their name.
18. (a) Identify and write the name of the organelle given in the figure.
(b) Label the parts marked as A, B.
Why Mitochondria is known as the power house of the cell?

19. Observe the given diagram. Analyze this diagram and explain the structure of the
plasmamembrane.
Cell theory is the fundamental concept in cell
biology.
a) Who proposed cell theory?

b) Write the two basic concepts in cell

theory
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 6 -Cell Cycle and Cell division
1. Observe the given relation and fill in the blanks.
Meiosis: reduction division Mitosis: ...........................
2. Fill in the blank.
Cytokinesis in animal cells takes place by the appearance of a in the plasma
membrane.

3. Observe the diagram related with cell cycle.

Identify A and B. identify the stages 'A' and 'B'. Write the
peculiarity of the stage noted as 'C'.

4. Observe the given stage of mitosis.

Identify the stage and write any two features of it.

5. Given below is the diagrammatic representation of a particular stage of mitosis.

(a) Identify the stage.

(b) Write any two features of this stage

6. Characteristic features of five phases of prophase I of meiosis I is given below. Arrange them
under appropriate heading.
Formation of synaptonemal complex
'X' shaped chiasmata are formed
Chromosomes become gradually visible
Appearance of recombination nodule

PROTON CLASSES “THINK LIKE PROTON, STAY POSITIVE”

7. Column A represents chromosomal behavior during different sub-stages of Prophase I of
Meiosis I.
Fill up the blanks in Column B.

8. During interphase, cells prepare for cell division.

(a) Write three phases of interphase. (b)Write the peculiarity of quiescent stage
9. List out the four stages of M phase of cell cycle in correct sequential order.
10. Match the following:

11. Observe the diagram given below representing a stage of mitosis.

a) Identify the stage.
b) Distinguish it from corresponding stage of meiosis-I
c) Mention the role of spindle fibers in Mitosis.
12. Prophase of the first meiotic division is typically longer and complex. It has been further
subdivided into five phases. The major events of these sub-phases are given below.
a) Pairing of homologous chromosomes b) Terminalization of chiasmata
c) Crossing over occurs d) Chromosomes are visible under a light microscope.
e) Formation of chiasmata
i) Identify the stages a,b, c, d and e
ii) Arrange these stages in correct order of occurrence
13. Write any two major significance of meiosis
14. Certain stages in cell cycle are given below.
Karyokinesis, Prophase, Cytokinesis, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Choose the statements (from those given below) that match with these stages and prepare a
table.
•Centromeres split and chromosomes move to opposite poles.
•Chromosomes cluster at opposite poles and nuclear envelopes assemble around.
•Chromosomes seems to be with two chromatids attached at centromere. •Chromosomes
arranged at the spindle equator.
•Separation of daughter chromosomes.
•Division of cytoplasm.
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 7- PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
1. C4 cycle is so called because of the presence of a C4 acid.
a) Name the C4 acid. b) Name the leaf anatomy present in C4 plants.

2. The reaction center of photosystems in green plants during light reaction is............
a) Xanthophyll b) Carotenoids c) Chlorophyll b d) Chlorophyll a
3. An enzyme present in plants, which shows carboxylation and oxygenation activity. Identify the
enzyme.
4. Choose the correct answer from the bracket. First stable product of carbon dioxide fixation in a
C4 plant is... (PGA, OAA, PEP, RUBP)
5. Observe the first pair and fill the blank. Light reaction: Grana Dark reaction:
6. An anatomist observed a peculiar type of large spherical bundle sheath cells in sugarcane leaf
and a physiologist identified the presence of PEP carboxylase in that leaf mesophyll.
a) Name the peculiar leaf anatomy
b) Explain the physiological advantages of such types of plants.
7.'Photorespiration is a curse to plants'
a) Evaluate this statement. b) Find the reason for this event to take place.
8. Photosynthesis can be considered as the most significant physicochemical process on earth.
Evaluate this statement citing any two significances.
9. Plants that are adapted to dry tropical regions have the C4 pathway. Write any two advantages
of C4 plants over C3 plants
10. RuBisCO is the most abundant enzyme in the plant world. How does RuBisCO involve in
photorespiration?
11. Observe the given figure showing C4 pathway.
(a) Identify the cells A and B.
(b)Name the C4 acid formed through this pathway.
(c)Name the enzyme involved in the formation of C4 acid.

12. Analyze the table given below and fill in the blanks a, b, c, d
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13. Define Blackman's law of limiting factors and identify any two important factors which
influence the rate of photosynthesis in plants.
14. Chemiosmosis theory of photosynthesis requires a proton gradient for ATP synthesis to occur.
Explain any two events that causes proton gradient.
15. Light reaction and dark reaction are the two stages of photosynthesis. Write the differences
between light reaction and dark reaction.
16. Observe the figure given below.
Identify the parts a & b. Write their functions.
17. Notice the three stages of Calvin cycle given below.
Reduction, Regeneration, Carboxylation
a) Arrange the above stages in correct order.
b) Calvin cycle is also known as C3 cycle (pathway). Give reason.
18. Analyze the table and fill in the blanks

19. List out any two characteristic features of C4 and C3 plants.

20. Given below are some features of cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. List out the
features of non-cyclic photophosphorylation from the hints provided.
(a) NADPH and ATP formed. (b) Only one photo system involved.
(c) Splitting of water occurs. (d) Both photosystems involved.
(e) Only ATP is formed. (f) Oxygen is evolved.
21. Accessory pigments are involved in the process of photosynthesis.
(a) Name any two accessory pigments. (b)Write any one function of accessory pigment
22. Observe the figure of Calvin cycle given below:
(a) Write the name of three major events marked as A, B and C.
(b) Find out the name of the first CO2 acceptor given in the figure.

23. Write any two events take place in z-scheme of light reaction.
24. The Calvin cycle represents the main events in Dark reaction.
(a) Name the three main stages of Calvin cycle.
(b) What is the main product of Calvin cycle?
25. Salient features of light reaction and dark reaction of photosynthesis are given below. Arrange
them in corresponding columns.
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Take place in Stroma.

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Photochemical phase.
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 ATP and NADPH are utilised.
Biosynthetic phase.
ATP and NADPH are produced.
Take place in Grana.
26. Observe the given figure and describe the process of ATP synthesis

27. Observe the given diagram of LHC.

a) Name the pigment that forms the reaction centre.
b) Name any one accessory pigment involved in photosynthesis.
c) Mention the function of accessory pigment.
28. The use of radioactive C14 by Melvin Calvin in algal photosynthesis studies led to the discovery
of CO2 fixation in green plants.
a) Identify the first stable product in this CO2 fixation cycle.
b) Which are the three main stages of this cycle?
c) Workout how many ATP and NADPH molecules will be required to make one molecule of
glucose
8- RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
1. Mention the fate of pyruvic acid in respiration.
2. Carbohydrates and fats are respiratory substrates. But their RQ is different. Define RQ. Write
the RQ of these substrates
3. The following compounds are intermediates in Glycolysis or in Kreb's cycle. Write them in the
proper column of the table.
Fructose - 6 - phosphate, Glycolysis Kreb's cycle
Citric acid, Phospho-enol pyruvate, Malic acid.
4. Fermentation is the incomplete oxidation of pyruvic acid.
Find the difference between two types of fermentations in microorganisms
5. The breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid is called glycolysis. Where does it occur in a cell? How
many ATP molecules are directly synthesized during this process?
6. The figure showing the pathway of Tricarboxylic acid cycle is given below.
Name the compound present in the position of A, B, C and D
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7. Following figure shows the citric acid cycle.

Identify the steps where FADH and GTP are synthesized

8. The breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid is called glycolysis. Where does it occur in a cell? How
many ATP molecules are directly synthesized during this process?
9. Observe the following pathways of anaerobic respiration. Identify the products A and B. Give an
example of organism in which any of these products are formed.

10. Observe the figure given below. Name the complex. Write its function.

11. Write any two differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
12. There are several reasons why plants can get along without respiratory organs." Justify the
above statement by citing two reasons.

13. Differentiate lactic acid fermentation from alcohol fermentation.

14. Observe the figure given below.
Fill in the blanks A, B, C and D with appropriate terms from the
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box given below

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15. Match the items of column A with B

16. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid.

(a) Where does glycolysis occur in a cell?
(b) Why is glycolysis a partial oxidation?
17. The first step in respiration is glycolysis. (a) Define glycolysis. (b) Write the site of glycolysis.
18. Observe the illustration given below and answer the following questions.
(a) Identify the cyclic pathway.
(b) Write the name of intermediate compounds marked
as A, B & C.

19. Observe the incomplete schematic representation given below and answer the questions.
a) Identify this pathway common for both aerobic and
anaerobic respiration
b) Complete the scheme by filling the boxes A, B, C and D
c) Mention the three ways in which different cells handle
pyruvic acid produced by this pathway

20. Glycolysis is present in all organisms and it is the only process of

Respiration in anaerobic organisms.
a) What is glycolysis? b) Where does glycolysis occur?
c) Glycolysis is a partial oxidation. Justify.
d) Calculate the total number of ATP molecules synthesized in glycolysis by the partial
oxidation of one molecule of glucose.
21. Breakdown of glucose in respiration is listed under glycolysis and Kreb's cycle.
a) Locate the site of glycolysis and Kreb's cycle in the cell.
b)Glycolysis is a partial oxidation process. Justify.
22. Two crucial events of aerobic respiration takes place in two parts of mitochondria. Locate the
two parts and mention the two events in one or two sentences each.
23. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. What are the end products obtained
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during anaerobic respiration of glucose in yeast cells ?

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 24. What are respiratory substrates ? Name any two substances used as respiratory substrate in
plants.
25. Oxidative phosphorylation is an important event in cellular respiration.
a) Which organelle is associated with this process?
b) Name the phase of cellular respiration that is common to both aerobic and anaerobic
condtion c) Draw the schematic representation of that phase.
26. The complete oxidation of pyruvic acid yields three molecules of CO2 by a cyclic process in the
matrix of mitochondria.
a) Who first develop this cycle?
b) Draw a diagrammatic sketch of the identified cycle.
27. Various compounds in the citric acid cycle are given below:
(Oxaloacetic acid, Citric acid, Succinyl CoA, Pyruvate, Acetyl CoA, Malic acid, a-ketoglutaric
acid, Succinic acid)
a) Arrange them in order and draw a complete cycle
b) Who traced this cycle? c) Where does it take place?

9 - PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Artificial phytohormones are widely used in agriculture.
a) Name any two artificial phytohormones
b) Mention their importance in agriculture
2. Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to do the following
processes?
a) Induce parthenocarpy b) Quickly ripen a fruit
c) Induce immediate stomatal closure in leaves
d) To increase the length of grape stalks
3. Observe the graph: The graph represents the different phases of growth.
i) Name the growth curve and identify the different phases of
growth represented in the diagram as (a), (b) and (c)
ii) When the tip of cassava plant is lost, a number of lateral
branches grow from the nodes below. Explain this phenomenon and
specify the hormone responsible for this

4. Ethylene is one of the most widely used Plant Growth Regulator in Agriculture. Write any two
agricultural applications of ethylene. Describe its four different actions in plants.
5. Many plants show plasticity during their lifespan. (a) What is plasticity? (b) Give one example.
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 6. Observe the figure given below:
a) Source of which plant hormone is indicated in the figure?
b) Write four roles of the above identified hormone.
7. Plant growth regulators perform various functions in plant body. a) Name the hormones
responsible for apical dominance and bolting. Define the phenomena. b) Which plant hormone is
referred to as an antagonist to gibberellic acid?
8. Given are certain physiological effects. Name the plant hormones responsible for them.
a) Increase in stem length b) Apical dominance
c) Closure of stomata d) Ripening of fruits
e) Bolting f) Active cell division
9. The plant growth regulators are divided into growth promoters and growth inhibitors
(a) Name the three hormones, which are known as plant growth promoters.
(b) Name the growth inhibitor which is known as stress hormone.
(c) Write any two roles of the above identified stress hormone
10. Given below are the names of three plant growth promoters. Write their main functions.
(a) Auxin (b) Gibberellin (c) Cytokinin
11. The various functions of plant growth regulaters are given below. Arrange them under suitable
columns in the table provided.
(i) Intermode elongation of sugarcane.
(ii) Promotes cell division.
(iii) Bolting
(iv) Apical dominance
(v) Initiate rooting in stem cutting
(vi) Ove rcome apical dominance

12.What is ethrphone, give its siginificance?

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