LM3103
LM3103
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         Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.                                Copyright © 2007–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
LM310                                                                                                                                     LM310
                                               SNVS523F – SEPTEMBER 2007 – REVISED APRIL 2013
                                                                www.ti.com
Typical Application
Connection Diagram
                                                           PIN DESCRIPTIONS
  Pin         Name           Description          Application Information
  1, 2         VIN      Input supply voltage      Supply pin to the device. Nominal input range is 4.5V to 42V.
  3, 4         SW           Switch Node           Internally connected to the source of the main MOSFET and the drain of the synchronous
                                                  MOSFET. Connect to the output inductor.
    5         BST          Connection for         Connect a 33 nF capacitor from the SW pin to this pin. This capacitor is charged through an
                         bootstrap capacitor      internal diode during the main MOSFET off-time.
    6        AGND          Analog Ground          Ground for all internal circuitry other than the PGND pin.
    7          SS             Soft-start          A 70 µA internal current source charges an external capacitor of larger than 22 nF to provide
                                                  the soft-start function.
    8          NC          No Connection          This pin should be left unconnected.
  9, 10       GND              Ground             Must be connected to the AGND pin for normal operation. The GND and AGND pins are not
                                                  internally connected.
   11          FB             Feedback            Internally connected to the regulation and over-voltage comparators. The regulation setting is
                                                  0.6V at this pin. Connect to feedback resistors.
   12          EN            Enable pin           Internal pull-up. Connect to a voltage higher than 1.6V to enable the device.
   13         RON          On-time Control        An external resistor from the VIN pin to this pin sets the main MOSFET on-time.
   14         VCC          Startup regulator      Nominally regulated to 6V. Connect a capacitor of larger than 1 µF between the VCC and
                                Output            AGND pins for stable operation.
 15, 16      PGND          Power Ground           Synchronous MOSFET source connection. Tie to a ground plane.
  DAP          EP           Exposed Pad           Thermal connection pad. Connect to the ground plane.
          These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
          during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
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Electrical Characteristics
Specifications with standard type are for TJ = 25°C only; limits in boldface type apply over the full Operating Junction
Temperature (TJ) range. Minimum and Maximum limits are specified through test, design, or statistical correlation. Typical
values represent the most likely parametric norm at TJ = 25°C, and are provided for reference purposes only. Unless
otherwise stated the following conditions apply: VIN = 18V, VOUT = 3.3V.
        Symbol                              Parameter                                Conditions              Min         Typ        Max         Units
Start-Up Regulator, VCC
          VCC             VCC output voltage                            CVCC = 1 µF, no load                 5.6          6.0        6.2          V
       VIN - VCC          VIN - VCC dropout voltage (1)                 ICC = 2mA                                         55        150          mV
                                                                        ICC = 10mA                                       235        500
       VCC-UVLO           VCC under-voltage lockout threshold           VIN increasing                       3.5          3.7        4.1          V
                          (UVLO)
      VCC-UVLO-HYS        VCC UVLO hysteresis                           VIN decreasing                                   275                     mV
           IIN            IIN operating current                         No switching, VFB = 1V                            1.0       1.25         mA
          IIN-SD          IIN operating current, Device shutdown        VEN = 0V                                          20         40          µA
          IVCC            VCC current limit                             VCC = 0V                             20           33         42          mA
Switching Characteristics
       RDS-UP-ON          Main MOSFET RDS(on)                                                                           0.370        0.7          Ω
       RDS- DN-ON         Syn. MOSFET RDS(on)                                                                           0.220        0.4          Ω
Soft-start
           ISS            SS pin source current                         VSS = 0V                             45           70         95          µA
Current Limit
           ICL            Syn. MOSFET current limit threshold                                                             0.9                     A
ON/OFF Timer
           ton            ON timer pulse width                          VIN = 10V, RON = 33 kΩ                          0.350                     µs
                                                                        VIN = 18V, RON = 33 kΩ                          0.170
         ton-MIN          ON timer minimum pulse width                                                                   100                      ns
           toff           OFF timer pulse width                                                                          240                      ns
Enable Input
          VEN             EN Pin input threshold                        VEN rising                                        1.6       1.85          V
        VEN-HYS           Enable threshold hysteresis                   VEN falling                                      230                     mV
           IEN            Enable Pull-up Current                        VEN = 0V                                           1                     µA
Regulation and Over-Voltage Comparator
           VFB            In-regulation feedback voltage                TJ = −40°C to +125°C                0.588         0.6       0.612         V
         VFB-OV           Feedback over-voltage threshold                                                   0.655       0.680       0.705         V
           IFB                                                                                                             1                     nA
Thermal Shutdown
           TSD            Thermal shutdown temperature                  TJ rising                                        165                     °C
        TSD-HYS           Thermal shutdown temperature                  TJ falling                                        20                     °C
                          hysteresis
(1) VCC provides self bias for the internal gate drive and control circuits. Device thermal limitations limit external loading.
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Figure 2. Figure 3.
Figure 4. Figure 5.
Figure 6. Figure 7.
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Figure 8. Figure 9.
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                                                                                                    Load Transient
                         DCM to CCM Transition                                   (VOUT = 3.3V, 0.075A - 0.75A Load, Current slew-rate:
                     (VOUT = 3.3V, 0.01A - 0.75A Load)                                                  2.5A/µs)
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Functional Description
The LM3103 Step Down Switching Regulator features all required functions to implement a cost effective,
efficient buck power converter which is capable of supplying 0.75A to loads. It contains dual N-Channel main and
synchronous MOSFETs. The Constant ON-Time (COT) regulation scheme requires no loop compensation,
results in a fast load transient response and simple circuit implementation. The regulator can function properly
even with an all ceramic output capacitor network, and does not rely on the output capacitor’s ESR for stability.
The operating frequency remains constant with line variations due to the inverse relationship between the input
voltage and the on-time. The valley current limit detection circuit, with a limit set internally at 0.9A, inhibits the
main MOSFET until the inductor current level subsides.
The LM3103 can be applied in numerous applications and can operate efficiently for inputs as high as 42V.
Protection features include VCC under-voltage lockout, output over-voltage protection, thermal shutdown, gate
drive under-voltage lock-out. The LM3103 is available in the thermally enhanced HTSSOP-16 package.
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The regulator will operate in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) at a light load, and the continuous
conduction mode (CCM) with a heavy load. In the DCM, the current through the inductor starts at zero and
ramps up to a peak during the on-time, and then ramps back to zero before the end of the off-time. It remains
zero and the load current is supplied entirely by the output capacitor. The next on-time period starts when the
voltage at the FB pin falls below the internal reference. The operating frequency in the DCM is lower and varies
larger with the load current as compared with the CCM. Conversion efficiency is maintained since conduction
loss and switching loss are reduced with the reduction in the load and the switching frequency respectively. The
operating frequency in the DCM can be calculated approximately as follows:
                                                   20
               VOUT (VIN - 1) x L x 1.18 x 10 x IOUT
      fSW =                                    2
                          (VIN ± VOUT) x R   ON                                                                               (1)
In the continuous conduction mode (CCM), the current flows through the inductor in the entire switching cycle,
and never reaches zero during the off-time. The operating frequency remains relatively constant with load and
line variations. The CCM operating frequency can be calculated approximately as follows:
                     VOUT
       fSW =              -11
               8.3 x 10         x RON                                                                                         (2)
The output voltage is set by two external resistors RFB1 and RFB2. The regulated output voltage is
      VOUT = 0.6V x (RFB1 + RFB2)/RFB2                                                                                        (3)
threshold (≊3.4V). If VIN is less than ≊4.0V, the regulator shuts off and VCC goes to zero.
The minimum input voltage is determined by the dropout voltage of the regulator and the VCC UVLO falling
Regulation Comparator
The feedback voltage at the FB pin is compared to a 0.6V internal reference. In normal operation (the output
voltage is regulated), an on-time period is initiated when the voltage at the FB pin falls below 0.6V. The main
MOSFET stays on for the programmed on-time, causing the output voltage to rise and consequently the voltage
of the FB pin to rise above 0.6V. After the on-time period, the main MOSFET stays off until the voltage of the FB
pin falls below 0.6V again. Bias current at the FB pin is nominally 1 nA.
Over-Voltage Comparator
The voltage at the FB pin is compared to a 0.68V internal reference. If it rises above 0.68V, the on-time is
immediately terminated. This condition is known as over-voltage protection (OVP). It can occur if the input
voltage or the output load changes suddenly. Once the OVP is activated, the main MOSFET remains off until the
voltage at the FB pin falls below 0.6V. The synchronous MOSFET will stay on to discharge the inductor until the
inductor current reduces to zero and then switch off.
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The inverse relationship of ton and VIN gives a nearly constant frequency as VIN is varied. RON should be selected
such that the on-time at maximum VIN is greater than 100 ns. The on-timer has a limiter to ensure a minimum of
100 ns for ton. This limits the maximum operating frequency, which is governed by the following equation:
                          VOUT
      fSW(MAX) =
                   VIN(MAX) x 100 ns                                                                                           (5)
The LM3103 can be remotely shut down by pulling the voltage of the EN pin below 1.6V. In this shutdown mode,
the SS pin is internally grounded, the on-timer is disabled, and bias currents are reduced. Releasing the EN pin
allows normal operation to resume because the EN pin is internally pulled up.
Current Limit
Current limit detection is carried out during the off-time by monitoring the re-circulating current through the
synchronous MOSFET. Referring to the Functional Block Diagram, when the main MOSFET is turned off, the
inductor current flows through the load, the PGND pin and the internal synchronous MOSFET. If this current
exceeds 0.9A, the current limit comparator toggles, and as a result the start of the next on-time period is
disabled. The next switching cycle starts when the re-circulating current falls back below 0.9A (and the voltage at
the FB pin is below 0.6V). The inductor current is monitored during the on-time of the synchronous MOSFET. As
long as the inductor current exceeds 0.9A, the main MOSFET will remain inhibited to achieve current limit. The
operating frequency is lower during current limit owing to a longer off-time.
Figure 21 illustrates an inductor current waveform. On average, the output current IOUT is the same as the
inductor current IL, which is the average of the rippled inductor current. In case of current limit (the current limit
portion of Figure 21), the next on-time will not initiate until that the current drops below 0.9A (assume the voltage
at the FB pin is lower than 0.6V). During each on-time the current ramps up an amount equal to:
               (VIN - VOUT) x ton
       ILR =
                      L                                                                                                        (6)
During current limit, the LM3103 operates in a constant current mode with an average output current IOUT(CL)
equal to 0.9A + ILR / 2.
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Soft-Start
The soft-start feature allows the converter to gradually reach a steady state operating point, thereby reducing
startup stresses and current surges. Upon turn-on, after VCC reaches the under-voltage threshold and a 180 µs
fixed delay, a 70 µA internal current source charges an external capacitor CSS connecting to the SS pin. The
ramping voltage at the SS pin (and the non-inverting input of the regulation comparator as well) ramps up the
output voltage VOUT in a controlled manner. An internal switch grounds the SS pin if any of the following three
cases happen: (i) VCC is below the under-voltage lockout threshold; (ii) a thermal shutdown occurs; or (iii) the EN
pin is grounded. Alternatively, the output voltage can be shut off by connecting the SS pin to the ground using an
external switch. Releasing the switch allows the voltage of the SS pin to ramp up and the output voltage to return
to normal. The shutdown configuration is shown in Figure 22.
Thermal Protection
The junction temperature of the LM3103 should not exceed the maximum limit. Thermal protection is
implemented by an internal Thermal Shutdown circuit, which activates (typically) at 165°C to make the controller
enter a low power reset state by disabling the main MOSFET, disabling the on-timer, and grounding the SS pin.
Thermal protection helps prevent catastrophic failures from accidental device overheating. When the junction
temperature falls back below 145°C (typical hysteresis = 20°C), the SS pin is released and normal operation
resumes.
Applications Information
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
The following guidelines can be used to select external components.
RFB1 and RFB2 : These resistors should be chosen from standard values in the range of 1.0 kΩ to 10 kΩ,
satisfying the following ratio:
For VOUT = 0.6V, the FB pin can be connected to the output directly with a pre-load resistor drawing more than
20 µA. This is because the converter operation needs a minimum inductor current ripple to maintain good
regulation when no load is connected.
RON: Equation 2 can be used to select RON if a desired operating frequency is selected. But the minimum value
of RON is determined by the minimum on-time. It can be calculated as follows:
              VIN(MAX) x 100 ns
       RON                   -11
                  8.3 x 10                                                                                                 (8)
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If RON calculated from Equation 2 is smaller than the minimum value determined in Equation 8, a lower frequency
should be selected to re-calculate RON by Equation 2. Alternatively, VIN(MAX) can also be limited in order to keep
the frequency unchanged. The relationship of VIN(MAX) and RON is shown in Figure 23.
On the other hand, the minimum off-time of 240 ns can limit the maximum duty ratio. This may be significant at
low VIN. A larger RON should be selected in any application requiring a large duty ratio.
L: The main parameter affected by the inductor is the amplitude of the inductor current ripple (ILR), which is
recommended to be greater than 0.3A. Once ILR is selected, L can be determined by:
             VOUT x (VIN - VOUT)
        L=
               ILR x fSW x VIN                                                                                                    (9)
where VIN is the input voltage and fSW is determined from Equation 2.
If the output current IOUT is known, by assuming that IOUT = IL, the peak and valley of ILR can be determined.
Beware that the peak of ILR should not be larger than the saturation current of the inductor and the current rating
of the main and synchronous MOSFETs. Also, the valley of ILR must be positive if CCM operation is required.
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Figure 24 and Figure 25 show curves on inductor selection for various VOUT and RON. According to Equation 8,
VIN is limited for small RON. Some curves are therefore limited as shown in the figures.
CVCC: The capacitor on the VCC output provides not only noise filtering and stability, but also prevents false
triggering of the VCC UVLO at the main MOSFET on/off transitions. CVCC should be no smaller than 1 µF for
stability, and should be a good quality, low ESR, ceramic capacitor.
COUT and COUT3: COUT should generally be no smaller than 10 µF. Experimentation is usually necessary to
determine the minimum value for COUT, as the nature of the load may require a larger value. A load which
creates significant transients requires a larger COUT than a fixed load.
COUT3 is a small value ceramic capacitor located close to the LM3103 to further suppress high frequency noise at
VOUT. A 47 nF capacitor is recommended.
CIN and CIN3: The function of CIN is to supply most of the main MOSFET current during the on-time, and limit the
voltage ripple at the VIN pin, assuming that the voltage source connecting to the VIN pin has finite output
impedance. If the voltage source’s dynamic impedance is high (effectively a current source), CIN supplies the
difference between the instantaneous input current and the average input current.
At the maximum load current, when the main MOSFET turns on, the current to the VIN pin suddenly increases
from zero to the valley of the inductor’s ripple current and ramps up to the peak value. It then drops to zero at
turn-off. The average current during the on-time is the load current. For a worst case calculation, CIN must be
capable of supplying this average load current during the maximum on-time. CIN is calculated from:
             IOUT x tON
     CIN =
               VIN                                                                                                             (10)
where IOUT is the load current, ton is the maximum on-time, and ΔVIN is the allowable ripple voltage at VIN.
CIN3’s purpose is to help avoid transients and ringing due to long lead inductance at the VIN pin. A low ESR 0.1
µF ceramic chip capacitor located close to the LM3103 is recommended.
CBST: A 33 nF high quality ceramic capacitor with low ESR is recommended for CBST since it supplies a surge
current to charge the main MOSFET gate driver at each turn-on. Low ESR also helps ensure a complete
recharge during each off-time.
CSS: The capacitor at the SS pin determines the soft-start time, i.e. the time for the reference voltage at the
regulation comparator and therefore, the output voltage to reach their final value. The time is determined from the
following equation:
                      CSS x 0.6V
     tSS = 180 s +
                        70 A                                                                                                   (11)
CFB: If the output voltage is higher than 1.6V, CFB is needed in the Discontinuous Conduction Mode to reduce the
output ripple. The recommended value for CFB is 10 nF.
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PC BOARD LAYOUT
The LM3103 regulation, over-voltage, and current limit comparators are very fast so they will respond to short
duration noise pulses. Layout is therefore critical for optimum performance. It must be as neat and compact as
possible, and all external components must be as close to their associated pins of the LM3103 as possible. Refer
to the Simplified Functional Block Diagram. The loop formed by CIN, the main and synchronous MOSFET internal
to the LM3103, and the PGND pin should be as small as possible. The connection from the PGND pin to CIN
should be as short and direct as possible. Vias should be added to connect the ground of C IN to a ground plane,
located as close to the capacitor as possible. The bootstrap capacitor CBST should be connected as close to the
SW and BST pins as possible, and the connecting traces should be thick. The feedback resistors and capacitor
RFB1, RFB2, and CFB should be close to the FB pin. A long trace running from VOUT to RFB1 is generally acceptable
since this is a low impedance node. Ground RFB2 directly to the AGND pin (pin 7). The output capacitor COUT
should be connected close to the load and tied directly to the ground plane. The inductor L should be connected
close to the SW pin with as short a trace as possible to reduce the potential for EMI (electromagnetic
interference) generation. If it is expected that the internal dissipation of the LM3103 will produce excessive
junction temperature during normal operation, making good use of the PC board’s ground plane can help
considerably to dissipate heat. The exposed pad on the bottom of the LM3103 IC package can be soldered to
the ground plane, which should extend out from beneath the LM3103 to help dissipate heat. The exposed pad is
internally connected to the LM3103 IC substrate. Additionally the use of thick traces, where possible, can help
conduct heat away from the LM3103. Using numerous vias to connect the die attached pad to the ground plane
is a good practice. Judicious positioning of the PC board within the end product, along with the use of any
available air flow (forced or natural convection) can help reduce the junction temperature.
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REVISION HISTORY
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                                                                                                                                                      PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 11-Apr-2013
PACKAGING INFORMATION
           Orderable Device             Status   Package Type Package Pins Package               Eco Plan      Lead/Ball Finish      MSL Peak Temp          Op Temp (°C)              Top-Side Markings          Samples
                                          (1)                 Drawing        Qty                     (2)                                     (3)                                             (4)
           LM3103MH/NOPB               ACTIVE       HTSSOP          PWP       16       92      Green (RoHS          CU SN          Level-1-260C-UNLIM         -40 to 125          LM3103
                                                                                                & no Sb/Br)                                                                       MH
          LM3103MHX/NOPB               ACTIVE       HTSSOP          PWP       16      2500     Green (RoHS          CU SN          Level-1-260C-UNLIM         -40 to 125          LM3103
                                                                                                & no Sb/Br)                                                                       MH
(1)
   The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
   Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest
availability information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used
between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
      MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4)
  Multiple Top-Side Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Top-Side Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a
continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Top-Side Marking for that device.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on
information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has
taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and
chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
                                                                                                Addendum-Page 1
                                                             PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 6-Nov-2015
                                                     Pack Materials-Page 1
                                                            PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
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                                                    Pack Materials-Page 2
                       MECHANICAL DATA
PWP0016A
MXA16A (Rev A)
           www.ti.co
              m
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Products                                                              Applications
Audio                                  www.ti.com/audio               Automotive and Transportation        www.ti.com/automotive
Amplifiers                             amplifier.ti.com               Communications and Telecom           www.ti.com/communications
Data Converters                        dataconverter.ti.com           Computers and Peripherals            www.ti.com/computers
DLP® Products                          www.dlp.com                    Consumer Electronics                 www.ti.com/consumer-apps
DSP                                    dsp.ti.com                     Energy and Lighting                  www.ti.com/energy
Clocks and Timers                      www.ti.com/clocks              Industrial                           www.ti.com/industrial
Interface                              interface.ti.com               Medical                              www.ti.com/medical
Logic                                  logic.ti.com                   Security                             www.ti.com/security
Power Mgmt                             power.ti.com                   Space, Avionics and Defense          www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense
Microcontrollers                       microcontroller.ti.com         Video and Imaging                    www.ti.com/video
RFID                                   www.ti-rfid.com
OMAP Applications Processors           www.ti.com/omap                TI E2E Community                     e2e.ti.com
Wireless Connectivity                www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity
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