English

C ALIF ORNI A
MOTORCYCLE HANDBOOK

This handbook is available at Gavin Newsom, Governor

dmv.ca.gov State of California
Toks Omishakin, Secretary
California State Transportation Agency
Steve Gordon, Director
California Department of Motor Vehicles
 MOTORCYCLE
LICENSE TRAINING

Beginner and Experienced Rider

Options for M1 Licensing
Learning Options:
Virtual Self-Paced Learning
Virtual Online Zoom Classrooms
In-Person Classrooms

California Motorcyclist Safety Program

www.MotorcycleSafetyCA.com
(877) RIDE-411
***Course required for riders under 21 years old
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright ............................................... ii Payment Devices..............................18
Disclaimer.............................................. ii Following Another Vehicle.................18
Contact Us ............................................ ii Being Followed..................................19
Passing and Being Passed...............19
DMV Services .......................................iii
Passing..............................................19
Online Service ......................................iii Being Passed....................................19
Kiosk Services ......................................iii Lane Splitting.....................................20
Phone Services ....................................iii Merging Vehicles...............................20
INTRODUCTION ............................... 1 Vehicles Alongside............................20
TWO-WHEEL VEHICLE Search, Evaluate, and
OPERATION ...................................... 1 Execute (SEE).....................................21
Motorcycles ...........................................1 Search...............................................21
Evaluate.............................................21
Motor-Driven Cycles .............................2 Execute..............................................22
Motorized Bicycles or Moped ...............2 Intersections.........................................22
Electric Bicycles ....................................2 Blind Intersections.............................23
Motorized Scooter.................................3 Passing Parked Vehicles..................23
LICENSE REQUIREMENTS ........... 3 Parking at the Roadside....................24
Earning Your License ............................3 Increasing Visibility...............................24
Motorcycle Type-License Class Clothing..............................................25
Chart ......................................................4 Headlight...........................................25
Turn Signals.......................................25
Requirements for a Motorcycle M1 or
Brake Light........................................26
M2 License ............................................5
Using Your Mirrors.............................26
California Motorcyclist Safety Head Checks.....................................27
Program Training Course ................... 6 Horn...................................................27
Cheating ................................................6 Riding at Night...................................27
Motorcycle Skills Test............................6 Collision Avoidance..............................28
PREPARING TO RIDE ..................... 8 Quick Stops.......................................28
Wear the Right Gear .............................8 Swerving or Turning Quickly.............29
Helmet Use.........................................8 Cornering...........................................30
Helmet Selection ................................9 Handling Dangerous Surfaces............31
Face, Eye, and Ear Protection...........9 Uneven Surfaces and Obstacles......31
Clothing.............................................10 Slippery Surfaces..............................32
Know Your Motorcycle ........................11 Railroad or Trolley Tracks and
The Right Motorcycle .......................11 Pavement Seams..............................33
Get Familiar With the Motorcycle Grooves and Gratings.......................33
Controls ............................................11 Mechanical Problems..........................33
Check Your Motorcycle ....................12 Tire Failure.........................................34
Know Your Responsibilities ................13 Stuck Throttle....................................34
RIDE WITHIN YOUR ABILITIES .. 14 Wobble..............................................34
Chain Problems.................................35
Basic Vehicle Control ..........................14 Engine Seizure..................................35
Body Position....................................14 Animals..............................................35
Shifting Gears...................................14 Flying Objects....................................35
Braking..............................................15 Getting Off the Road............................36
Turning ..............................................15
U-turns ..............................................16 Carrying Passengers and Cargo.........36
Keeping Your Distance .......................16 Equipment.........................................36
Motorcycles Towing Trailers..............37
Lane Positions ..................................17
Instructing Passengers.....................37
Carpool/High-Occupancy Vehicle
Riding With Passengers....................37
(HOV) Lanes ....................................17
Child Passengers..............................38
Toll Highways and Vehicle Crossings:
Carrying Loads..................................38
Using Transponders or Electronic
Group Riding........................................39
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 Keep the Group Small......................39 Alcohol and the Law ...........................43
Keep the Group Together ................39 Minimize the Risks ..............................43
Keep Your Distance .........................39 Fatigue ................................................43
BEING IN SHAPE TO RIDE .......... 41 MOTORCYCLE INSURANCE
Blood Alcohol Concentration ..............41 FACTS...............................................44
GET A DUI – LOSE YOUR EVADING A PEACE OFFICER ..... 44
LICENSE! ......................................42 TREAD LIGHTLY! ........................... 45

Copyright
 Copyright, Department of Motor Vehicles 2024
©
All rights reserved.
This work is protected by U.S. Copyright Law. The Department of
Motor Vehicles (DMV) owns the copyright to this work. Copyright
Law makes it illegal to:
1. Make a copy of any part of this handbook.
2. Print copies of this handbook and give them to other people.
3. Write your own version of this handbook.
4. Put this handbook on public display.
5. Perform (read aloud) the handbook in public.
If you have questions about whether you can make copies of any
part of this handbook, address them to:
Department of Motor Vehicles
Legal Office, MS C128
PO Box 932382
Sacramento, CA 94232-3820

Disclaimer
This handbook is a summary of the laws and regulations in the
Vehicle Code available at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov. DMV, law
enforcement, and the courts follow the full, exact language.
Contact Us
Send comments or suggestions for this driver’s handbook to
dmv.ca.gov/customerservice.
.

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DMV Services
Have your driver’s license or identification (ID) card number,
vehicle license plate number, or vehicle identification number
(VIN) available.
Online Services
Vehicle Registration Renewal at dmv.ca.gov/vrservices.
Driver’s License Renewal at dmv.ca.gov/dlservices.
Office Appointments at dmv.ca.gov/make-an-appointment.
Visit dmv.ca.gov/online to find many other online services.

Kiosk Services
Visit dmv.ca.gov/kiosks to find kiosk services and locations.
Phone Services
Call 1-800-777-0133.
During Normal Business Hours:
• Talk to a DMV representative.
Automated 24/7 Phone Services:
• Renew your vehicle registration.
• Make a DMV office appointment.
Individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing, or speech impaired may
call 1-800-368-4327 for assistance.

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 INTRODUCTION TWO-WHEEL VEHICLE
This handbook supplements the OPERATION
California Driver’s Handbook con- The basic rules of the road con-
cerning traffic laws, safe driving tained in the Vehicle Code apply to
rules, and driver’s licenses. Study all two-wheel vehicles including,
the California Driver’s Handbook but not limited to, motorcycles,
as well as this handbook. motor-driven cycles, mopeds, or
This handbook provides infor- motorized bicycles. Minibikes,
mation for both beginner and tote-goats, trail bikes, and similar
experienced riders of two-wheel vehicles may fall within the defini-
vehicles. Portions of this handbook tion of motorcycle, motor-driven
dealing with safe driving practices cycle, or motorized bicycle. If
(rather than traffic laws) were any of these vehicles are operated
developed initially by the National on a highway, they must meet
Public Services Research Institute applicable equipment, registration,
in cooperation with the Motorcycle financial responsibility, licensing,
Safety Foundation (MSF). and operational requirements, if
The MSF, California Highway appropriate.
P a t r ol (C H P), C a l i fo r n i a It is illegal to ride a motor-driven
Motorcyclist Safety Program cycle, moped, motorized bicycle,
(CMSP), various motorcyclist or electric bicycle on a freeway or
enthusiast g roups, and the expressway if signs are posted to
Department of Motor Vehicles prohibit operation. Additionally, it
(DMV) agree that combining qual- is illegal to ride a moped, motor-
ity motorcycle rider education and ized bicycle or a Class 3 electric
increased public awareness, has the bicycle on a bicycle path or trail,
potential to reduce the number and equestrian (horse) trail, hiking
severity of motorcycle collisions. trail, or recreational trail unless
When using this handbook, that path or trail is on or next to a
remember it is only a summary road, or permission to use the trail
of laws and regulations. DMV, or roadway is granted by local law.
law enforcement, and courts fol- Motorcycles
low the full and exact language of A motorcycle is a motor vehicle
the law contained in the Vehicle with a seat or saddle for the rider
Code (VC). designed to travel on not more than
three wheels.

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Motor-Driven Cycles provides assistance only when
A motor-driven cycle is a motor- the rider is pedaling and ceases
cycle with less than a 150 cc to provide assistance when a
motor size. speed of 20 mph is reached.
NOTE: You may not operate a • Class 2: A low speed throt-
motor-driven cycle on a freeway tle-assisted electric bicycle
or expressway if signs are posted equipped with a motor used
to prohibit motor-driven cycle exclusively to propel the bicycle
operation. and NOT capable of providing
assistance when a speed of 20
Motorized Bicycles mph is reached.
or Moped • Class 3: A low speed ped-
A motorized bicycle or moped is al-assisted electric bicycle
a two-or three-wheeled device, equipped with a speedometer,
capable of no more than 30 miles and a motor which provides
per hour (mph) on level ground, assistance only when the rider
and equipped with: is pedaling and ceases to pro-
• Fully operative pedals for vide assistance when a speed
human propulsion. of 28 mph is reached.
• A motor producing less than The operator of a Class 3 electric
four gross brake horsepower bicycle:
and an automatic transmission. – Must be 16 years old or older.
• No pedals if powered solely – Must wear a bicycle safety
by electrical energy (CVC helmet.
§406(a)). – Must not transport pas-
• Motorized bicycles may ride in sengers.
a bicycle lane if authorized by – May ride an electric bicycle
local authority or ordinance. in a bicycle lane if autho-
Electric Bicycles rized by local authority or
An electric bicycle is a bicycle ordinance.
equipped with fully operable All electric bicycle classes are
pedals and an electric motor of exempt from the motor vehicle
less than 750 watts. Three classes financial responsibility, DL, and
of electric bicycles have been license plate requirements (VC
established: §24016).
• Class 1: A low speed ped-
al-assisted electric bicycle
equipped with a motor which

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Motorized Scooter NOTE: Class C licensees may
A motorized scooter is defined as operate a motorcycle with a
any two-wheeled “device” with: side car attached, three-wheel
motorcycle, or motorized scooter.
• A motor, handlebars, and a
f loorboard for standing on Earning Your License
when riding, and Safe riding requires knowledge
• The options of having: and skill. Testing two-wheel
vehicle operators is the best
– A driver seat which cannot
measurement of the skills neces-
interfere with the operator’s
sary to operate safely in traffic
ability to stand and ride. because people often overesti-
– The ability to be powered by mate their own abilities. DMV’s
human propulsion. licensing tests are designed to be
NOTE: A motorized scooter may scored objectively.
be driven with any class DL. A You may apply for a Class M1 or
motorized scooter may not be M2 DL at any DMV field office
used to take a skills test. which provides DL services.
A motorized scooter’s exhaust To obtain your DL, refer to the
system must not be modified or Requirements for a Motorcycle
altered. M1 or M2 License section (see
page 5). You will be required
LICENSE to pass the driver’s knowledge
REQUIREMENTS test, motorcycle knowledge
California issues the following test, knowledge test(s) for any
DL classes for two-wheel vehicle other license class(es) requested
operation: and pass a motorcycle skills
• Class M1—You may operate test or obtain a Certificate
any two-wheel motorcycle, of Completion of Motorcycle
Training (DL 389) as defined
motor-driven cycle, or motor-
in the California Motorcyclist
ized scooter and all vehicles
Safety Program Training Course
listed under Class M2. section (see page 6).
NOTE: The permit and DL
Knowledge test questions are
requirements in this handbook
based on information in this hand-
pertain to two-wheel vehicles and book and the California Driver’s
are referenced in VC §12804.9. Handbook. The motorcycle skills
• Class M2—You may operate test is conducted in either an
any motorized bicycle, moped, actual traffic environment or in
or motorized scooter. a controlled off-street area.

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 Motorcycle Type - License Class Chart
Type of Vehicle Vehicle Code Cl ass of Vehicle Description
Sections (§§) license
Motorcycle 400, 12804.9(b)(4) M1 A motorcycle is a motor vehicle with a seat or saddle for the rider and
is designed to travel on not more than three wheels.

Motor-driven 405, 12804.9(b)(4) M1* A motor-driven cycle is a motorcycle with less than a 150 cc motor
cycle size. A motor-driven cycle does not include motorized bicycle.

Motorized 406(a), 12804.9(b)(5)(A)(i) Any class A two- or three-wheeled device, capable of no more than 30 mph on level
bicycle or moped of ground, and equipped with fully operative pedals for human propulsion or
(capable of no more license** having no pedals if powered solely by electrical energy, a motor producing
than 30 mph) less than four gross brake horsepower, and an automatic transmission.

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Electric bicycle 312.5(a), Not A bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of
12804.9(b)(5)(A)(i) required less than 750 watts. There are three electric bicycle classes: Class 1 and
2 are capable of speeds of no more than 20 mph. Class 3 is capable of
speeds of no more than 28 mph.

Motorized scooter 407.5, 12804.9(b) Any class A motorized scooter is defined as any two-wheeled device with an electric
NOTE: Cannot be of motor, handlebars, a floorboard for standing on when riding, and the option
used for a skills test. license*** of having a driver seat which cannot interfere with the operator’s ability to
stand and ride and/or the ability to be powered by human propulsion.

*Motor vehicles with less than a 150 cc motor size do not have the engine capability to be safely driven on a freeway or expressway.
** A person holding a valid California driver ’s license of any class may operate a short-term (48 hrs. or less) rental motorized bicycle without
taking any special examination for the operation of a motorized bicycle, and without having a class M2 endorsement on that driver ’s license.
*** A person holding a valid driver license of any class may operate a motorized scooter.
 Requirements for a Motorcycle M1 or M2 License
To Obtain an M1 or M2 License
MINORS AGE ADULTS AGE ADULTS AGE
REQUIREMENTS 15½ to 17 18 to 20 21 and OVER
(See NOTE 1) (See NOTE 2) (See NOTE 3)
Driver education and
behind-the-wheel driver
training certificates of  N/A N/A
completion
Certificates of Completion
of Motorcycle Training   N/A
(DL 389)
Complete a Driver License
or Identification Card
Application (DL44 or   
DL44C)
Parent(s) or guardian(s)
signature (if a minor)  N/A N/A

Pass a vision exam   

Fingerprint(s)   
Pay required fees   
Have your photograph
taken   
*Pass the applicable knowl-
edge and skills tests   
Have an instruction permit
for at least 6 months   N/A
Permit restrictions (See NOTE 4) (See NOTE 4) (See NOTE 4)
*Tests include at least the driver’s knowledge, motorcycle knowledge, and motorcycle
skills. An observation road test is required for applicants who have never been licensed
for any class of motor vehicle and apply for a motorcycle only license.
NOTE 1: Minors 15½ years old or older, but under 17½ years old, must submit a DL
389, bring proof of completion of both driver education and driver training or have
a Class C driver’s license, and pass both the driver’s knowledge and the motorcycle
driver’s knowledge test.
NOTE 2: Applicants 18 years old or older, but under 21 years old, must submit a DL
389, and pass both the driver’s knowledge and the motorcycle driver’s knowledge test.
NOTE 3: While not a requirement, motorcycle license applicants 21 years old or
older, are encouraged to enroll in the California Motorcyclist Safety Program (CMSP)
training course.
NOTE 4: The Class M1/M2 instruction permit includes the following restrictions:
• No carrying passengers.
• No freeway driving.
• No nighttime driving.
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NOTE: The DL 389 is valid for Cheating
12 months from the issue date. The use of testing aids is strictly
To locate a DMV field office that prohibited. This includes, but
offers the motorcycle skills test is not limited to, the California
and/or to schedule an appoint- Motorcycle Handbook, California
ment, visit dmv.ca.gov or call Driver’s Handbook, cheat sheets,
1-800-777-0133. or electronic communication
California devices such as a cell phone,
Motorcyclist Safety computer, tablet, etc. If any testing
aid(s) are used during the knowl-
Program Training edge test, the knowledge test
Course will be marked as a “failure.” An
Motorcycle applicants under 21 action may also be taken by DMV
years old are required to com- against your driving privilege or
plete a CMSP training course the driving privilege of anyone
before receiving a motorcycle who assists you in cheating during
instruction permit. the examination process.
Motorcycle applicants 21 years
old and older are encouraged
Motorcycle Skills
to enroll in the CMSP training Test
course. The CMSP training course Basic vehicle control skills are
provides hands-on motorcycle included in the motorcycle skills
knowledge and skill training for test to determine your ability
beginner and experienced riders. to maneuver in normal traffic
The DMV motorcycle skills test situations. The skills test may be
may be waived upon completion waived for a person presenting
of the CMSP training course and a valid DL 389; however, you
submission of the Certificate may be required to perform an
of Completion of Motorcycle observation test when applying
Training (DL 389). DMV will not for a motorcycle only (Class M1/
waive the motorcycle skills test M2) license.
based on an out-of-state motor- The motorcycle skills test allows
cycle training program or in-state/ the rider to demonstrate their
out-of-state course completion ability to control the motorcycle
card for insurance purposes. through several skills. Applicants
For more information, contact taking the motorcycle skills test
CMSP at 1-877-RIDE-411 or should consider the size of the
visit motorcyclesafetyca.com. motorcycle they plan to operate.
NOTE: The DL 389 is valid for The motorcycle skills test is a
12 months from the issue date. pass/fail test.

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The motorcycle skills test wheel within the tracking
includes the following: path and weaving once more
Pre-trip Inspection - You will through the row of five cones as
be asked to identify the following you return to the starting point.
items on your motorcycle: • Slow Ride – Ride slowly
• Starter between two parallel lines
keeping the front tire within
• Kill switch
the tracking path. At the end
• Clutch (if equipped) of the tracking path, begin the
• Throttle circle ride twice in a counter-
• Gear selector clockwise direction.
• Headlight dimmer switch • Gear Shift Ride – Ride in a
• Brakes straight path, shift gears up and
• Turn signals then down, complete a U-turn
and return, shift gears up and
• Horn
then down, and end in a smooth
You will be asked to demonstrate stop at the starting point. This is
the following skills: only performed on motorcycles
• Riding in the tracking paths with a clutch and gears.
(the area within and including A. The width inside of the
the tracking lines) parallel ride lane is one foot.
• Serpentine Ride – Beginning B. The width inside the circle
on the right of the first cone, ride lane is two feet.
weave through a row of five C. The diameter of the outside
traffic cones. At the end of the circle is twenty-four feet.
row of cones, begin the circle D. The cones are spaced twelve
ride. feet apart. The width of the
• Circle Ride – Ride around area for the cones is eight
the circle twice in a clockwise feet.
direction keeping the front
End
Start

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Observation Test (if applying for Helmet Use
a motorcycle only license) – An All riders and passengers are
observation road test is required required per VC §27803 to
for applicants who have never wear a U.S. DOT compliant
been licensed for any class of motorcycle safety helmet when
motor vehicle and who apply riding a motorcycle, motor-
for a motorcycle only license. driven cycle, or motorized
The examiner will observe you bicycle. The motorcycle safety
operating the motorcycle from a helmet must be certified by the
preselected vantage point, usu- manufacturer stating the helmet
ally on the corner, near the DMV complies with the U.S. DOT
field office. They will instruct Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
you to follow a route that will Standard (FMVSS) 218. Head
keep you in view for the longest injuries account for the majority
period of time. of serious and fatal motorcyclist
PREPARING TO RIDE injuries and, with few exceptions,
head injuries are reduced by
Wear the Right Gear properly wearing a motorcycle
When you ride, you have a far safety helmet. Here are some
better chance of avoiding serious facts to consider:
injury when wearing protective
gear and apparel. • Most collisions happen on short
trips (less than five miles long).
By law, you must wear:
• Most riders are riding slower
• A U. S. D e p a r t m e nt of than 30 mph when a collision
Transportation (DOT) compli- occurs. At these speeds, a U.S.
ant motorcycle safety helmet. DOT compliant motorcycle
It is highly suggested you wear: safety helmet can cut both the
• Face and/or eye protection. number and the severity of
• Protective apparel, such as a head injuries by 50 percent.
leather or long sleeve jacket • A non-U.S. DOT compliant
with reflective material, long helmet generally has very thin
heavy pants, over the ankle liners and protective padding.
closed-toe boots, and full- These types of helmets lack
fingered leather gloves. the strength, size, and ability
More information on wearing the to protect the rider during a
right gear and protective apparel collision.
is covered in the following pages. • A non-U.S. DOT compliant
helmet may look like U.S. DOT

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 compliant helmets and may be three-quarters, modular, or full-
sold alongside U.S. DOT com- face helmet. The full-face helmet
pliant helmets. Make sure the with a lock-in visor, offers the
U.S. DOT certification is on the best coverage and protection to
helmet you wish to purchase. the back and sides of your head.
Non-U.S. DOT compliant Whichever style you choose, you
helmets may be referred to as get the most protection by making
novelty helmets, rain bonnets, sure the helmet:
lids, loophole lids, beanies, or
• Meets U.S. DOT safet y
brain buckets.
standards and has the manu-
A U. S. DOT compliant helmet facturer-applied DOT lettering
may be decorated by the owner on the back of the helmet.
with stick-on items such as
NOTE: DOT lettering should
decals, Mohawks, Viking horns,
not be a stick-on label or easily
etc. and will not affect the safety
removed.
properties of the helmet. In a
collision, regardless of speed, • Fits snugly, all the way around.
if you are wearing a U.S. DOT • Has no obvious defects such
compliant motorcycle safety as cracks, loose padding, or
helmet you are three times more frayed straps.
likely to survive a head injury • Is securely fastened on your
than if you are not wearing a head when you ride. Otherwise,
U.S. DOT compliant motorcycle if you are involved in a col-
safety helmet. lision, it may come off your
head before it gets a chance to
Helmet Selection
protect you.
Face, Eye, and Ear
Protection
A plastic shatter-resistant face
shield can help protect your whole
face in a collision. Face shields,
when lowered and locked-in,
offer protection from wind, dust,
dirt, rain, insects, pebbles, and
other debris.
Face shields, when lowered and
There are four types of hel- locked-in, protect your face.
mets to consider: A half shell, Goggles only protect your eyes.

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A windshield is not a substitute Clothing
for a face shield or goggles. Most The right clothing is an integral
windshields will not protect part of your protective apparel
your eyes from wind, nor will and will help protect you in a
eyeglasses or sunglasses. Glasses collision. It provides comfort,
will not keep your eyes from and protection from heat, cold,
watering, and they might blow off and debris, along with the hot,
when you turn your head. moving parts of the motorcycle.
To be effective, eye or face shield Recommended clothing and
protection must: protective apparel:
• Be free of scratches. • A jacket that covers your arms
• Be resistant to punctures. and fits snugly enough to keep
from flapping in the wind yet
• Give a clear view to either side.
allows you to move freely.
• Fasten securely, so it does not Leather or sturdy synthetic
blow off or up. materials with integrated body
• Permit air to pass through, to armor offers, the most protec-
reduce fogging. tion. You should consider a
• Permit enough room for eye- jacket that is brightly colored or
glasses or sunglasses, if needed. reflective. Either of these will
NOTE: Tinted eye protection or aid in your visibility so other
tinted face shields should not be motorists can see you.
worn at night or when little light • Long pants offer greater pro-
is available. tection than short pants. Denim
To protect against the elements of jeans provide the best protec-
nature, such as wind which can tion. Chaps (leather pants
cause hearing loss, you may want without a seat) worn over long
to use ear protection. VC §27400 pants offer an extra layer of
states a person may not wear a protection for your legs.
headset covering, earplugs, or • Over-the-ankle boots or closed-
earphones in both ears, unless the toe shoes should be high and
protectors (earplugs or molds) are sturdy enough to cover and
specifically designed to reduce support your ankles. Soles
harmful (injurious) noise levels. should be made of a hard,
The headset coverings, earplugs, durable, slip-resistant mate-
or earphones must not inhibit the rial. The heels should be short
wearer's ability to hear a siren or so they do not catch on rough
horn from an emergency vehicle surfaces. Tuck in the laces so
or another motor vehicle. they will not catch on your

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 motorcycle. Shoes, such as flip • Start with the right motorcycle
flops or sandals, are not recom- for you.
mended protective apparel. • Read the owner’s manual first.
• Gloves allow a better grip and • Be familiar with the motorcycle
help protect your hands. Gloves controls.
should be made of leather or • Check the motorcycle before
similar durable material offer- every ride.
ing maximum hand and finger • Keep it in safe riding condition.
protection. • Avoid add-ons and modifica-
• Wearing a jacket, long pants, tions that make your motorcycle
sturdy shoes or boots, and harder to handle.
gloves (even in warm weather) The Right Motorcycle
can prevent dehydration, and First, make sure your motorcycle
sun/wind burn. Many of these “fits” you. Your feet should com-
items are designed to protect fortably reach the ground while
without making you overheat, you are seated on the motorcycle.
even on summer days. At a minimum, your street-legal
Riding for long periods in motorcycle must have:
cold weather can cause severe • Tires with sufficient tread and
chill, dehydration, and fatigue. air pressure for safe operation.
Numbness can make it difficult • Operable headlights, taillight,
to control a motorcycle. In cold brake light, and turn signals.
or wet weather, layer clothes to • Front and rear brakes.
keep yourself warm and dry, as
• A horn and mirror(s).
well as protect you from injury. A
winter jacket should resist wind Get Familiar With the
and fit snugly at the neck, wrists, Motorcycle Controls
and waist. Good quality rain suits Be completely familiar with the
designed for motorcycle riding motorcycle before you take it
resist tearing apart or ballooning out on the street. Get familiar
up at high speeds. with any motorcycle new to you,
preferably in a controlled area (no
Know Your matter how experienced you may
Motorcycle be, ride extra carefully on any
There are many things on the high- motorcycle new or unfamiliar
way that can cause you trouble. to you). Remember more than
Your motorcycle should not be half of all collisions occur by
one of them. To make sure your motorcycle riders with less than
motorcycle will not let you down: six months experience.

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If you use an u nfamiliar under the motorcycle for signs
motorcycle: of fluid leaks.
• Make all the safety and main- • Headlights and Taillight—
tenance checks you would on Check them both for proper
your own motorcycle. operation and burned out bulbs.
• Find out where everything is • Turn Signals—Turn on both
located, particularly the turn right and left turn signals.
signals, horn, headlight dim- Make sure all front and rear
mer switch, fuel-supply valve, signal lights work properly.
and engine cut-off switch. • Battery—Check the battery
You should be able to find condition and electrolyte level;
them without having to look ensure the terminals are clean
for them. and tight, and that the battery
• Know the gear pattern. Work is fastened securely.
the throttle, clutch, and brakes • Brake Light—Try both brake
a few times before you start controls and make sure each
riding. All controls react a little one turns on the brake light.
differently. • Chain or Belt—Check the ten-
• Ride very cautiously and be sion, lubrication, and sprockets.
aware of your surroundings. • Kick-Stand—Check the kick-
Accelerate gently, take turns stand for cracks, bent springs,
slowly, and leave extra room and tension to hold position.
for stopping. Once you are on the motorcycle,
Check Your Motorcycle complete the following checks
A motorcycle needs more fre- before starting out:
quent attention than a car. If • Clutch and Throttle—Make
something is wrong with the sure they work smoothly. The
motorcycle, find out about it throttle should snap back when
before you get in traffic or operate you let go. The clutch should
the motorcycle at freeway speeds. feel tight and smooth.
Make the following checks before • Mirrors—Clean and adjust
every ride: the mirror(s) before starting.
• Tires—Check the air pressure, Adjust the mirror(s) so you
general wear, and tread. can see the lane behind you
• Fluids—Oil and fluid levels. and as much as possible of
At a minimum, check hydraulic the lane next to you. When
fluid and coolant weekly. Look properly adjusted, a mirror
may show the edge of your arm

- 12 -
 or shoulder—but it’s the road Blame does not matter when
behind and to the side of you someone is injured in a colli-
that is most important. sion. There is rarely a single
• Brakes—Try the front and cause of any collision. The
rear brake levers one at a time. ability to be aware, make criti-
Make sure each one feels firm cal decisions, and carry them
and holds the motorcycle when out separates responsible riders
the brake is fully applied. from all the rest. It is up to you
• Horn—Make sure the horn to keep from being the cause of,
works. or an unprepared participant in,
In addition to the checks before any collision.
every trip, check the follow- As a motorcycle rider, you
ing items at least once a week: cannot be sure that others will
wheels, cables, fasteners, and see you or yield the right of
fluid levels. Follow the manufac- way. To reduce the chances of
turer’s recommendations. a collision:
Collisions are fairly common • Be visible. Wear bright or
among new riders. Riding an reflective clothing, use your
unfamiliar motorcycle adds to
headlight and running lights,
the problem. Get familiar with
if equipped, and ride in the
any motorcycle new to you,
preferably in a controlled area (no best lane position to see and
matter how experienced you may be seen.
be, ride extra carefully on any • Communicate your inten-
motorcycle new or unfamiliar tions. Use the proper signals,
to you). Remember more than brake light, and lane position.
half of all collisions occur by • Maintain an adequate space
motorcycle riders with less than cushion. Allow yourself
six months experience. enough space when following,
Know Your being followed, lane splitting,
Responsibilities passing, and being passed.
“Accident” implies an unfore- • Be aware. Monitor vehicle
seen event that occurs without traffic in front and approach-
anyone’s fault or negligence. ing traffic from behind while
Most often in traffic, this is not maintaining an escape route.
the case. In fact, most people • Scan your path of travel. Look
involved in a collision can usu- at least 10 to 15 seconds ahead.
ally claim some responsibility for
• Identify and separate mul-
what takes place.
tiple hazards.

- 13 -
• Be prepared to act. Remain • Knees—Keep your knees
alert. Know how to carry out against the gas tank to help
proper collision-avoidance with your balance as you turn
techniques. the motorcycle.
RIDE WITHIN YOUR • Feet—Keep your feet firmly
ABILITIES on the footrests for balance. Do
This handbook cannot teach you not drag your feet; you could
how to control direction, speed, lose control of the motorcycle.
or balance. You learn this by Keep your feet near the con-
taking professionally taught trols. Do not point your toes
motorcycle rider courses, practic- downward—they may get
ing, knowing your abilities, and caught between the road and
riding within them. the footrests.

Basic Vehicle Shifting Gears

Control There is more to shifting gears
than simply getting the motor-
Body Position cycle to pick up speed smoothly.
To control a motorcycle: Learning to use the gears when
• Posture —Sit so you can downshifting, turning, or start-
use your arms to control the ing on hills is important for safe
motorcycle rather than to hold motorcycle operation.
yourself up. Shift down through the gears
• Seat—Sit far enough forward with the clutch as you slow or
so your arms are slightly bent stop. Remain in first gear while
when holding the handlegrips. stopped so you can move out
Bending your arms permits quickly, if needed.
you to press on the handlebars Ride slowly enough when you
without having to stretch and shift into a lower gear or the
reduces arm fatigue. motorcycle will lurch and the rear
• Hands—Hold the handlegrips wheel may skid. When riding
firmly. Start with your right downhill or shifting into first
wrist flat so you will not acci- gear you may need to slow to
dentally use too much throttle. downshift safely. Work toward
Also, adjust the handlebars so a smooth, even clutch release
your hands are even with or especially when downshifting.
below your elbows. This allows It is best to change gears before
you to use the proper muscles starting a turn. However, some-
for precision steering. times you may need to shift

- 14 -
while in the turn. Remember to brake. Also, using the front
shift smoothly because a sudden brake incorrectly on a slippery
change in power to the rear wheel surface may be hazardous. Use
can cause a skid. caution and gently squeeze the
brake lever, never “grab” it.
Braking
• Some motorcycles have inte-
Your motorcycle has two brakes: grated braking systems that
one for the front wheel and one link the front and rear brakes
for the rear wheel. When making together when you apply the
a normal, nonemergency stop, rear brake pedal (consult your
use both brakes at the same time owner’s manual).
and downshift. The front brake
has more stopping power, provid- Turning
ing three-quarters of your total Riders often try to take curves
stopping power. The front brake or turns too fast. When they
is safe to use when used properly. cannot hold the turn, they end
REMEMBER: up crossing into another lane of
traffic or going off the road. In
• Use both brakes every time
some cases, riders overreact and
you slow or stop. Using both
brake too hard causing a skid and
brakes for “normal” stops helps
loss of control. Approach turns
you develop the proper habit
and curves with caution.
and skill of using both brakes
correctly, which you may need Use four steps for better control:
in an emergency. Squeeze the 1. Slow—Reduce your speed
front brake and press down on before the turn by rolling off
the rear brake. Grabbing at the the throttle and, if necessary,
front brake or jamming down applying both brakes.
on the rear brake can cause 2. Look—Look through the turn
the brakes to lock and result to where you want to go. Turn
in control problems. only your head, not your
• If you know the technique, shoulders, and keep your
using both brakes in a turn is eyes level with the horizon.
possible, although it should 3. Press—To turn, the motor-
be done very carefully. When cycle must lean. To lean the
you lean the motorcycle, some motorcycle, press on the
of the traction is used for handlegrip in the direction
cornering and less traction is of the turn. Press left—
available for stopping. A skid lean left—go left. Press
can occur if you apply too much

- 15 -
 right—lean right—go right. • Dragging the Rear Brake—
Higher speeds and/or tighter Dragging the rear brake is the
turns require the motorcycle practice of utilizing the rear
to lean more. brake to control the bike speed
4. Roll—Roll on the throttle and maintain stability, such as
through the turn to stabilize in a U-turn. The front brake
suspension. Maintain steady should not be used as it could
speed or accelerate gradually cause the bike to tip over.
through the turn. This will • Centralize Weight—A motor-
help keep the motorcycle cycle will be easier to maneuver
stable. when the weight is kept close
In normal turns, the rider and the to the bike. Keep your feet on
motorcycle should lean together the footrests and, if necessary,
at the same angle. apply weight to the outside
In slow tight turns, the rider footrest to equalize balance.
should keep his or her body • Practice—Practice executing
straight and only lean the U-turns in an empty open
motorcycle. parking lot. Start with wide
U-turns and gradually tighten
U-turns the turning radius. Also, prac-
Completing U-turns on a motor- tice U-turns in both directions
cycle requires you to maintain by riding in figure 8 patterns
control and balance to maneuver until you are comfortable with
through a tight U-turn. Here are U-turns in both right and left
some tips for completing U-turns directions.
successfully: Keeping Your
• Look­— Look through the Distance
turn to where you want to go. The best protection you can
Turn only your head, not your have is distance—a “cushion of
shoulders, and keep your eyes space”—all around your motor-
level with the horizon. cycle. If someone else makes a
• Friction Zone—The friction mistake, distance gives you:
zone is the area of the clutch • Time to react.
between completely engaged • Space to maneuver.
and completely released.
Riding within the friction
zone will give you more control
through the turn.

- 16 -
Lane Positions space around you. Change your
In some ways, the size of the lane position as traffic situa-
motorcycle can work to your tions change. Ride in paths 2 or
advantage. Each traffic lane 3 if vehicles and other potential
gives a motorcycle three paths problems are on your left side. If
of travel, as indicated in the vehicles are on both sides of you,
illustration. the center of the lane (path 2) is
usually the best option. Riding
LANE POSITIONS closer to the center portion of
your lane helps to keep other
vehicles from sharing the lane.
The oily strip in the center por-
tion of the lane is usually no more
than two feet wide. You can ride
just to the left or right of the oily
strip and still be within the center
of the lane. Avoid riding on oil
and grease buildups.
Your lane position should:
• Increase your ability to see and Carpool/High-Occupancy
be seen. Vehicle (HOV) Lanes
• Avoid others’ blind spots. A carpool lane is a special free-
• Protect your lane from other way lane used only for carpools,
drivers. buses, motorcycles, or decaled
• Communicate your intentions. low-emission vehicles. The pave-
• Help you avoid wind blasts ment in this lane is marked with a
from other vehicles. diamond symbol ◊ and the words
“Carpool Lane.” These lanes are
• Provide an escape route.
also known as high-occupancy
Select the appropriate lane posi- vehicle (HOV) lanes. Do not
tion to maximize your space cross over double parallel lines
cushion and make yourself more to enter or exit any carpool lane
visible to others. except at designated entry or exit
In general, there is no “best lane places. Motorcyclists are allowed
position” for motorcycle riders to use carpool/HOV lanes, unless
to be seen and maintain a space otherwise posted.
cushion around the motorcycle.
Position yourself in the lane that
allows the most visibility and

- 17 -
Toll Highways and involving motorcyclists. In traf-
Vehicle Crossings: Using fic, motorcycles need as much
Transponders or Electronic distance to stop as other vehicles.
Payment Devices Normally, you should maintain a
In California, high-occupancy two-second following distance.
toll (HOT) lanes and toll high- To gauge your following distance:
ways are fee-paid roadways used
• Ahead of you pick out a
in heavily traveled areas to relieve
marker, such as a pavement
traffic congestion.
marking or lamp post.
Commuters traveling on toll • When the rear bumper of the
highways or using HOT lanes vehicle ahead of you passes
may purchase transponders, the marker, count off the
which track their vehicle's usage seconds: “one-thousand-one,
of these roadways. Transponders one-thousand-two.” If you
allow drivers to pay toll fees reach the marker before you
through electronic billing. reach “one-thousand-two,” you
When using a transponder or are following too closely.
other electronic payment device, • A two-second following dis-
motorcyclists are allowed to tance gives you a minimum
place the payment device in five amount of space to stop or
locations (on the motorcycle or swerve, if the driver ahead
carried by the rider), as long as the stops suddenly. It also gives
toll reader can detect the device. you a better view of potholes
The locations are: and other road hazards.
• In the motorcyclist’s pocket. • Increase following distance
• Inside a cycle net draped across when the motorcycle is towing
the gas tank of the motorcycle. a trailer as increased stopping
• On the license plate device, if distance is required.
the toll operator provides such • You will need a larger space
a device. cushion if your motorcycle
• In a storage compartment on takes longer than normal to
the motorcycle. stop. Open up a three-second or
more following distance when
• On the windshield of the
the pavement is slippery, you
motorcycle.
cannot see through the vehicle
Following Another Vehicle ahead, or traffic is heavy.
“Following too closely” (tailgat- • When you are stopped, keep
ing) could be a factor in collisions well behind the vehicle ahead

- 18 -
 of you. This provides an escape vehicle. However, visibility is
route if a driver behind you is more critical. Be sure other
traveling too quickly or the drivers see you and that you see
vehicle ahead starts to back up. potential hazards.
• When behind a vehicle, ride
Passing
where the driver can see you
in his or her rearview mirror. 1. Ride in the left portion of
your lane at a safe following
If you ride in the left or right por-
distance to increase your line
tion of the lane, the driver may
of sight and make you more
see you in their side view mirror.
visible. Signal and check for
If the traffic situation allows, the
oncoming traffic. Use your
center lane position is usually the
mirrors and turn your head to
best place for you to be seen by
look for traffic behind.
the driver in their rearview mirror
and to prevent other vehicles from 2. When safe, move into the left
sharing your lane. lane and accelerate. Select
a lane position that doesn’t
Being Followed crowd the vehicle you are
When you speed up to lose a passing and provides space
tailgater, you only end up with to avoid hazards in your lane.
someone tailgating you at a 3. Ride through the driver’s blind
higher speed. spot as quickly as possible.
A better way to handle tailgaters 4. Signal again and complete
is to allow them to pass you. If mirror and head checks before
you cannot do this, slow down returning to your original lane.
and open up extra space ahead Then cancel your turn signal.
of you. This will allow space for Remember, passing must be
both you and the tailgater to stop. completed within posted speed
This will also encourage the tail- limits, and only where permitted.
gater to pass. But if the tailgater
does not pass, you have at least Being Passed
given yourself and the tailgater When you are being passed
more time and space to react in from behind or by an oncoming
case an emergency develops. vehicle, stay in the center portion
of your lane. Riding any closer
Passing and Being Passed could put you in a hazardous
Passing and being passed by a situation.
larger vehicle is not much differ- Avoid being hit by:
ent than with a smaller passenger

- 19 -
• The other vehicle—A slight suddenly or change lanes, a door
mistake by you or the passing could open, or a hand could come
driver could cause a sideswipe. out a window.
• Extended mirrors—Some
Merging Vehicles
drivers forget their mirrors
hang out farther than their Drivers on an entrance ramp may
fenders. not see you on the highway. Give
them plenty of room. Change to
• Objects thrown from win-
another lane if one is open. If
dows.
there is no room for a lane change,
• Blasts of wind from larger adjust your speed to open up
vehicles—The blast of wind space for the merging driver and
from a passing vehicle or truck stay near the center of your lane.
can affect your control. You
have more room for error if you MERGING
are in the middle portion of the
lane when hit by this blast than
if you are on either the left or
right portions of the lane.
Do not move into the portion of
the lane farthest from the passing
vehicle. It might invite the other
driver to move back into your
lane too early.
Lane Splitting
The term “lane splitting”, also
known as lane sharing, filtering, or
white-lining refers to the process
of a motorcyclist riding between
lanes of stopped or slower-moving
traffic or moving between lanes Vehicles Alongside
to the front of traffic stopped Do not ride next to passenger
at a traffic light. Vehicles and vehicles or trucks in other lanes
motorcycles each need a full lane if you do not have to because you
to operate safely. Riding between might be in the driver’s blind
rows of stopped or moving vehicles spot. The driver could change
in the same lane can leave you lanes without warning.
vulnerable. A vehicle could turn

- 20 -
Also, vehicles in the next lane you have, can eliminate or reduce
can block your escape if you harm. Focus even more on finding
come upon danger in your own potential escape routes in or around
lane. Speed up or drop back to intersections, shopping areas,
find a place clear of traffic on schools or construction zones.
both sides. Search for factors such as:
BLIND SPOTS • Oncoming traffic that may turn
left in front of you.
• Traffic coming from either the
left, right, or behind.
• Pedestrians coming out from
between parked vehicles.
• Hazardous road conditions.
Evaluate
Blind
To predict how a hazard may
Spots
(blue)
affect you, it is important to know
the speed, distance, and direc-
tion the hazard may be moving.
Think about how hazards can
create risks for you. Anticipate
potential problems and have a
Search, Evaluate, plan to reduce risks.
and Execute (SEE)
• Road and surface charac-
Experienced motorcycle riders
teristics, such as potholes,
remain aware of what is going on
guardrails, bridges, telephone
around them. They improve their
poles, and trees will not move
riding strategy by using SEE, a
into your path but may influ-
three-step process for making
ence your riding strategy and
appropriate judgments and apply-
escape routes.
ing them correctly in different
traffic situations. SEE stands for, • Traffic control devices such
Search, Evaluate, and Execute. as traffic signals, regulatory
signs, warning signs, and pave-
Search ment markings will help you
Actively search ahead, to the sides, evaluate circumstances ahead.
and behind you to help you avoid • Vehicles and other traffic may
potential hazards. How you search move into your path and increase
and how much time and space the likelihood of a collision.

- 21 -
Think about your time and space intersections. An intersection is
requirements in order to maintain anywhere traffic may cross your
a margin of safety. You must path. It can be in the middle of an
leave yourself time to react if an urban area or at a driveway on a
emergency arises. residential street. Over one-half
of motorcycle/passenger vehicle
Execute collisions are caused by drivers
Carry out your decision. To create entering a rider’s right-of-way.
more space and minimize harm Vehicles turning left in front of
from any hazard: you, including those illegally
• Communicate your presence turning left from the wrong lane,
with lights and/or your horn. and vehicles on side streets pull-
• Adjust your speed as necessary ing into your lane, are the biggest
by accelerating, stopping, or dangers. Your use of the SEE
slowing. process at intersections is critical
• Adjust your lane position and/ (see page 21).
or direction of travel. There are no guarantees that
Apply the old saying “one step others will see you. Never count
at a time” to handle two or more on “eye contact” as a sign that
hazards. Adjust your speed so you a driver will yield to you. Too
can deal with each hazard sepa- often, a driver can look right at
rately. Then deal with them one at a motorcyclist and still fail to
a time as single hazards. Decision- “see” them. The only eyes you
making becomes more complex can count on are your own. If
with three or more hazards. Weigh a vehicle can enter your path,
the consequences of each and give assume it will. Good motorcycle
equal distance to the hazards. riders are always “looking for
trouble” not to get into it, but to
In high-risk areas, such as inter- stay out of it.
sections, shopping areas, schools,
or construction zones, reduce LARGE INTERSECTIONS
your speed, and cover the clutch
and both brake levers to reduce
your reaction time.
Intersections
The greatest potential for con-
flict and a chance of collision
between you and other traffic is at

- 22 -
Increase the chances of being coming. Make sure your front
seen at intersections. Ride with wheel stays out of the cross lane
your headlight on, and in a of travel while you are looking.
lane position that provides the
best view of oncoming traffic. BLIND INTERSECTION
Maintain enough space around
your motorcycle that permits you
to take evasive action.
As you approach an intersec-
tion, select a lane position that
increases your visibility to the
driver. Cover the clutch and both
brakes to reduce reaction time.
Reduce your speed as you
approach an intersection. After
entering the intersection, move
away from vehicles preparing to
turn. Do not change speed or posi-
tion radically. The driver might
Passing Parked Vehicles
think you are preparing to turn.
When passing parked vehicles,
Blind Intersections stay toward the left portion of
When you approach a blind inter- your lane. This way, you can avoid
section, move to the lane position problems caused by doors open-
that brings you into another driv- ing, drivers getting out of vehicles,
er’s field of vision at the earliest or people stepping from between
possible moment. In this picture, vehicles. If oncoming traffic is
the motorcycle rider has moved to present, it is usually best to remain
the left portion of the lane, away in the center portion of the lane to
from the parked vehicle, so the maximize the space around you.
driver on the cross street can see A bigger problem can occur if a
them as soon as possible. driver pulls away from the curb
If you have a stop sign or stop line, without checking for traffic from
stop there first. Then edge forward behind. Even if the driver looks,
and stop again, just short of where they may fail to see you.
the cross-traffic lane meets your In either event, the driver might
lane. From this position, lean enter your path. Slow down or
your body forward and look change lanes to make room for
around buildings, parked vehicles, someone to enter.
or bushes to see if anything is

- 23 -
 PARKED VEHICLES PARKING AT CURBS

Increasing Visibility
In collisions with motorcyclists,
drivers often say that they never
saw the motorcycle. From ahead
or behind, a motorcycle’s outline
is much smaller than a passenger
Vehicles making a sudden U-turn vehicles. Also, it is hard to see
are the most dangerous. They something you are not looking
may cut you off entirely, blocking for, and most drivers are not look-
the whole roadway and leaving ing for motorcycles. More likely,
you with no place to go. Since they are looking through the
you cannot tell what a driver will skinny, two-wheeled silhouette
do, slow down and get the driver’s in search of vehicles that may
attention. Sound your horn and pose a problem to them.
continue with caution. Even if a driver does see you com-
Parking at the Roadside
ing, you are not necessarily safe.
Smaller vehicles appear farther
Park at an angle of 45 to 90 away and seem to be traveling
degrees to the curb with a wheel slower than they actually are. It
or fender touching the curb. is common for drivers to pull out
in front of motorcyclists, thinking
they have plenty of time. Too
often, they are wrong.

- 24 -
However, you can do many things Turn Signals
to make it easier for others to rec- The turn signals on a motorcycle
ognize you and your motorcycle. are similar to those on a vehicle.
They tell others what you plan
Clothing
to do.
Most collisions occur in broad
daylight. Wear brightly-colored
or reflective clothing to increase
your chances of being seen.
Bright orange, red, yellow, or LEFT RIGHT
green jackets or vests are the best TURN TURN
for being seen. Brightly-colored
helmets can also help others see
you. Reflective material on a vest
and on the sides of the helmet
will help drivers see you from
the side. Reflective material can SLOW or
STOP
also be a big help for drivers com-
ing toward you or from behind. However, due to a rider’s added
Remember, your body is half of vulnerability, turn signals are
the visible surface area of the even more important. Use them
rider/motorcycle unit. anytime you plan to change
lanes or turn. Signal your left
Headlight
or right turn during the last 100
The best way to help others see feet before reaching the turning
your motorcycle is to always keep point. At highway speeds, it is
the headlight and, if equipped, best to signal at least five seconds
running lights on. A motorcycle before changing lanes. Use your
with its light on is twice as likely turn signals even when you think
to be noticed. Using your high no one else is around. Your turn
beam during the day and at signals also make you easier to
night increases the chances that see. If bright sunlight makes your
oncoming drivers will see you. turn signal lights hard to see, use
Use your high beam when it is hand signals.
legal and safe to do so. When it
is foggy, use the low beam. When you enter a freeway, driv-
ers approaching from behind are
more likely to see your turn signal
blinking and make room for you.

- 25 -
 If you are being tailgated, it is
SIGNALS
a good idea to flash your brake
light before you slow.
Using Your Mirrors
While it is most important to
know what is happening ahead,
you cannot ignore situations
behind you. Traffic conditions
change quickly. To make safe
decisions about how to handle
trouble ahead, you must know
what is going on around you.
Frequent mirror checks should
be part of your normal searching
routine. Make a special point of
Using your turn signals before each using your mirror(s):
turn reduces confusion and frus-
• When you are stopped at an
tration for the traffic around you.
intersection. Watch vehicles
Once you complete your turn, be
coming up from behind. If the
sure to turn them off or a driver
driver is not paying attention,
may pull directly into your path,
they could be on top of you
thinking you plan to turn again.
before they see you.
Brake Light • Before you change lanes. Make
Your motorcycle’s brake light sure no one is about to pass you.
is usually not as noticeable as Check the mirror(s) and turn
a vehicle’s, especially when the your head to check over your
taillight is on. If the situation shoulder, on the side of the lane
permits, help others notice you by you want to move in to.
flashing your brake light before • Before you slow down. The
you slow down. It is especially driver behind you may not
important to flash your brake expect you to slow down or
light before you slow: may be unsure about where you
• For a tight, fast turn off a high- will slow down. For example,
speed highway. you signal a turn and the driver
• Where others may not expect thinks you plan to turn at a
it (in the middle of a block or distant intersection, rather than
at an alley). at a nearer driveway.

- 26 -
Some motorcycles have rounded
BLIND SPOTS
(convex) mirrors. These mirrors
provide a wider view of the road
behind than flat mirrors. They
also make vehicles seem farther
away than they really are. If you
are not used to convex mirrors,
you can get familiar with them by:
• Picking out a parked vehicle
in your mirror (while you are
stopped).
• Forming a mental image of how
far away it is.
• Then, turning around and look-
ing to see how close you came.
Horn
• Practicing with your mirror(s)
until you become a good judge Be ready to use your horn to get
of distance. someone’s attention quickly.
• Allowing extra distance before In an emergency, press the horn
you change lanes. button loud and long. Be ready
to stop or swerve away from the
Head Checks danger.
Checking your mirror(s) is not Remember, a motorcycle’s horn
enough. Motorcycles have “blind is not as loud as other vehicles’,
spots” just like other vehicles. so use it, but don’t rely on it.
Before you change lanes, turn
your head and check that lane for Riding at Night
other vehicles. At night it is harder for you to
see and be seen. Wear reflective
On a road with several lanes, clothing when riding at night.
check the far lane and the one next Picking a motorcycle’s headlight
to you. A driver in the distant lane or taillight out of the other lights
may drive into the same space is not easy for drivers. To make
you plan to take. up for this, you should:
Frequent head checks should be • Reduce your speed. Ride even
part of your normal scanning slower than you would during
routine. Only by knowing what the day, particularly on roads
is happening all around, can you you do not know well. This
be fully prepared to deal with it. increases your chances of
avoiding a hazard.

- 27 -
• Increase distance. Distances motorcycle rider is not prepared
are harder to judge at night or skilled in collision-avoidance
than during the day. Your eyes maneuvers.
rely upon shadows and light Two critical skills in avoiding a
contrasts to determine how far collision are knowing when and
away an object is and how fast how to stop or swerve. You can-
it is coming. These contrasts not always stop quickly to avoid
are missing or distorted at an obstacle. You must also be able
night. Open up a three-second to swerve around an obstacle.
or more following distance.
Most collisions involve riders
Allow more distance to pass
who:
and be passed.
• Use the vehicle ahead. The • Underbrake the front tire and
headlights of the vehicle ahead overbrake the rear.
can give you a better view of • Did not separate braking from
the road than your high beam. swerving or did not choose to
Taillights bouncing up and swerve when it was appropriate.
down can alert you to bumps Quick Stops
or rough pavement.
To stop quickly, apply both brakes
• Use your high beam. Get all at the same time. Do not be shy
the light you can. Use your high about using the front brake, but do
beam whenever you are not fol- not “grab” it either. Squeeze the
lowing or approaching another brake lever firmly with continu-
vehicle. Be visible. Wear reflec- ing steady pressure. If the front
tive clothing materials when wheel locks, release the front
riding at night. brake immediately and then reap-
• Be flexible about lane position. ply it firmly. At the same time,
Change to the lane position that press down on the rear brake.
helps you see, be seen, and keep If you accidentally lock the rear
an adequate space cushion. brake on a good traction surface,
Collision Avoidance you can keep it locked until you
No matter how careful you are, have completely stopped.
there will be times when you NOTE: Even with a locked
find yourself in a tight spot. Your rear wheel, you can control the
chances of getting out safely motorcycle on a straightaway if it
depend on your ability to react is upright and going in a straight
quickly and properly. Often, line.
a collision occurs because a

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Always use both brakes at the the motorcycle to lean quickly.
same time to stop. The front The sharper the turn(s), the more
brake can provide three-quarters the motorcycle must lean.
of your stopping power.
SWERVE, THEN BRAKE
If you must stop quickly while
turning or riding a curve, the
best technique is to straighten the
motorcycle first and then brake.
However, it may not always be
possible to straighten the motor-
cycle and then stop. If you must
brake while leaning, apply the
brakes lightly and reduce the
throttle. As you slow, reduce your
lean angle and apply more brake
pressure until the motorcycle is
straight and maximum brake
pressure is possible. Then in the BRAKE, THEN SWERVE
last few feet of stopping, you
should “straighten” the handle-
bars. The motorcycle should now
be straight up and in balance.
Swerving or Turning Quickly
Sometimes you may not have
enough room to stop, even if
you use both brakes properly. An
object might appear suddenly in
your path or the vehicle ahead
might stop abruptly. The only
way to avoid a collision may be to
turn quickly or swerve around it. Keep your body upright and allow
A swerve is any sudden change the motorcycle to lean in the direc-
in direction. It can be two quick tion of the turn. Keep your knees
turns, or a rapid shift to the side. pressed against the tank and your
To swerve, apply a small amount feet solidly on the footrests. Let
of hand pressure to the handle- the motorcycle move underneath
grip on the side of your intended you. Make your escape route the
direction of escape. This causes target of your vision. Press on the

- 29 -
opposite handlegrip once you clear Cornering
the obstacle and are ready to return A primary cause of single-vehicle
to your original direction of travel. collisions is motorcyclists running
To swerve to the left, press the left wide in a curve or turn causing the
handlegrip, then press the right to motorcycle to leave the roadway
recover. To swerve to the right, or collide with an object.
press right, then left. Then press the Every curve is different. Be alert to
left or right handlegrip to recover. whether a curve remains constant,
If braking is required, separate gradually widens, gets tighter, or
it from swerving. Brake before or involves multiple turns. Shaded
after, never while swerving, espe- curves keep ice from melting and
cially the front brake as this may moisture from evaporating. Also,
cause the motorcycle to fall over. be aware of leaves.

CONSTANT CURVES MULTIPLE CURVES

DECREASING CURVES WIDENING CURVES

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Ride within your skill level and Uneven Surfaces and
posted speed limits. Your best Obstacles
path may not always follow the Watch for uneven road surfaces,
curve of the road. such as bumps, broken pavement,
Change your lane position based potholes, roadway resurfacing
on traffic, road conditions, and where one lane is slightly higher
curve of the road. If there is no than the other lane, or trash on the
traffic, start at the outside of a highway and shoulders.
curve to increase your line of Avoid obstacles by slowing or
sight and the effective radius going around them. However, if
of the turn. As you turn, move you must go over the obstacle,
toward the inside of the curve, first determine if it is possible.
and as you pass the center, move Approach it at as close to a
to the outside to exit. 90-degree angle as possible.
Another choice is to move to the Look in the direction where you
center of your lane before enter- want to go to control your path
ing a curve and stay there until of travel. If you have to ride over
you exit. This allows you to see the obstacle, you should:
approaching traffic as soon as • Slow down as much as possible
possible. You can also adjust for before contact.
traffic “crowding” the center line • Make sure the motorcycle is
or debris blocking part of your lane. straight.
Handling Dangerous • Rise slightly off the seat with
Surfaces your weight on the footrests
Your chance of falling or being to absorb the shock with your
involved in a collision increases knees and elbows and avoid
whenever you ride across: being thrown off the motor-
cycle.
• Uneven surfaces or obstacles.
• Just before contact, roll on
• Slippery surfaces, such as
the throttle slightly (increase
shaded icy areas, leaves, pine
needles, and standing water. Be engine power) to lighten the
careful of standing water and front end.
puddles as you do not know If you ride over an object, pull off
how deep the water is. the road and check your tires and
• Railroad tracks or pavement rims for damage before riding
seams. any farther. Make sure nothing is
caught in the drive chain or belt.
• Grooves and gratings.

- 31 -
Slippery Surfaces • Remember the center of a
Motorcyclists may find it chal- lane can be hazardous when
lenging to maintain safe control on wet. When it starts to rain, ride
surfaces with poor traction, such as: in a vehicle’s tire tracks. Often,
the left tire track will be the
• Wet pavement particularly best lane position, depending
just after it starts to rain and on traffic and other road condi-
before surface oil washes to tions as well.
the side of the road.
• Watch for oil spots. The center
• Gravel roads or where sand
portion of the lane is where
and gravel collect.
most oil, anti-freeze, and other
• Mud, leaves, snow, and ice. vehicle fluids collect. Position
• Lane markings (painted road yourself on either side of the
arrows and crosswalks), steel center strip and be careful when
plates, brick paver crosswalks, you put your foot down to stop
and manhole covers, especially or park. You may slip and fall.
when wet. • Be cautious of the edge of the
To ride safely on slipper y road. Dirt and gravel collect
surfaces: along the sides of the road,
• Reduce speed. Slow down especially on curves and ramps
before you get to a slippery sur- leading to and from highways.
face to reduce your chances of • Remember rain dries and
skidding. When the roadway snow melts faster on some
is slippery, your motorcycle sections of a road than on
needs more distance to stop. others. Patches of ice tend to
It is especially important to develop in low or shaded areas,
reduce speed before entering bridges, and overpasses. Wet
wet curves. leaves are just as slippery as wet
• Avoid sudden moves. Any road surfaces. Ride on the least
sudden change in speed or slippery portion of the lane and
direction can cause a skid. Be reduce your speed.
as smooth as possible when Cautious riders steer clear of
you speed up, shift gears, turn, roads covered with ice or snow. If
or brake. you cannot avoid an icy or snowy
• Use both brakes. The front surface, keep your motorcycle
brake is still effective on a slip- straight up and proceed as slowly
pery surface. Squeeze the brake as possible. If you encounter a
lever gradually to avoid locking large surface so slippery that you
the front wheel. Remember to use must coast, or travel at a walking
gentle pressure on the rear brake. pace, consider letting your feet

- 32 -
skim along the surface. If the Grooves and Gratings
motorcycle starts to fall, you can Riding over rain grooves or
catch yourself. Be sure to keep off bridge gratings may cause
the brakes. If possible, squeeze your motorcycle to weave. This
the clutch and coast. Attempting uneasy, “wandering” feeling is
this maneuver at anything other generally not hazardous. Relax
than the slowest of speeds could and maintain a steady speed and
prove hazardous. ride straight across. Crossing at
an angle forces riders to zigzag
Railroad or Trolley Tracks
to stay in the lane. The zigzag
and Pavement Seams
is far more hazardous than the
Usually it is safer to ride straight wandering feeling.
within your lane to cross tracks.
Turning to take tracks head-on GRATE CROSSING-WRONG
(at a 90-degree angle) can be
more dangerous because your
path may carry you into another
lane of traffic.
For track and road seams that run
parallel to your course, move far
enough away from tracks, ruts, GRATE CROSSING-RIGHT
or pavement seams to cross at
an angle of at least 45 degrees.
Then, make a quick, sharp turn.
Edging across could catch your
tires and throw you off balance.

CROSSING TRACKS-RIGHT
Mechanical
Problems
You can find yourself in an
emergency the moment some-
thing goes wrong with your
CROSSING TRACKS-WRONG motorcycle. In dealing with any
mechanical problem, take into
account the road and traffic
conditions you face. Here are
some guidelines that can help
you handle mechanical problems
safely.

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Tire Failure switch and pull in the clutch at
You will seldom hear a tire go the same time. This will remove
flat. If the motorcycle starts power from the rear wheel,
handling differently, it may be a though engine noise may not
tire failure. You must be able to immediately decline. Once the
tell from the way the motorcycle motorcycle is “under control,”
reacts if you have tire failure. If leave the road and stop.
one of your tires suddenly loses After you have stopped, check
air, react quickly to keep your the throttle cable carefully to
balance. Stop riding and check find the trouble. Make certain
the tires as soon as possible. the throttle works freely before
If the front tire goes flat, the steering you start riding again.
will feel “heavy.”A front-wheel flat
Wobble
is particularly hazardous because
it affects your steering. You have A “wobble” occurs when the front
to steer well to keep your balance. wheel and handlebars suddenly
start to shake from side to side
If the rear tire goes flat, the back at any speed. Most wobbles can
of the motorcycle may jerk or be traced to improper loading,
sway from side to side. unsuitable accessories, or incorrect
If either tire goes flat while tire pressure. If you are carrying a
riding: heavy load, lighten it. If you cannot
• Hold the handlegrips firmly, lighten the load, shift it. Center the
ease off the throttle, and keep weight lower and farther forward
a straight course. on the motorcycle. Make sure the
• If braking is required, gradu- tire pressure, shock spring preload,
ally apply the brake of the tire air shocks, and dampers are at
that is not flat, if you are sure the recommended settings for the
which one it is. weight. Make sure windshields
• When the motorcycle slows, and fairings are mounted properly.
ride to the side of the road, Check for poorly adjusted steer-
squeeze the clutch, and stop. ing, worn steering parts, a bent,
misaligned, or out of balance
Stuck Throttle front wheel, loose wheel bear-
Twist the throttle back and forth ings or spokes, and swing arm
several times. If the throttle cable bearings. If none of these are
is stuck, this may free it. If the the cause, have the motorcycle
throttle stays stuck, immedi- thoroughly checked by a quali-
ately operate the engine cut-off fied professional.

- 34 -
Trying to “accelerate out of a If the engine’s moving parts can-
wobble” will only make the not move smoothly against each
motorcycle more unstable. other, the engine overheats. The
Instead: first sign may be a loss of engine
• Grip the handlebars firmly, but power or a change in the engine’s
do not fight the wobble. sound. Squeeze the clutch lever
• Roll off (decrease engine to disengage the engine from the
power) the throttle gradually rear wheel. Pull off the road and
to slow down. Do not apply the stop. Check the oil. If needed,
brakes; braking could make the add oil as soon as possible or
wobble worse. the engine will seize. When this
happens, the effect is the same
• Move your weight as far for- as a locked rear wheel. Let the
ward and down as possible. engine cool before restarting.
• Leave the road as soon as you
can to fix the problem. Animals
Do everything you safely can do
Chain Problems to avoid hitting an animal. If you
A drive belt or chain that slips or are in traffic; however, remain in
breaks while you are riding could your lane.
lock the rear wheel and cause
your motorcycle to skid. Belt or Flying Objects
chain slippage or breakage can be From time to time riders are
avoided by proper maintenance. struck by insects, cigarettes
thrown from vehicles, or pebbles
• Slippage — If the belt/chain kicked up by the tires of the
slips when you try to speed vehicle ahead. Avoid following
up or ride uphill, pull off the closely behind dump trucks,
road. Check the belt/chain and waste management vehicles,
sprockets. Tightening the belt/ livestock haulers, agricultural
chain may help. Replace the vehicles, construction vehicles,
belt/chain, sprockets, or both or any vehicle towing or haul-
before riding again, if needed. ing items. Debris such as hay,
• Breakage — You will notice trash, tree limbs, and other
an instant loss of power to the loose items being hauled can
rear wheel. Roll off the throttle fall from the vehicles placing
and brake to a stop. you in an unavoidable dangerous
Engine Seizure situation. If you are wearing face
protection, it might get smeared
When the engine “locks” or
or cracked, making it difficult
“freezes”, it is usually low on oil.

- 35 -
to see. Without face protection, Carrying Passengers
an object could hit you in the and Cargo
eye, face, or mouth. Whatever Only experienced riders should
happens, keep your eyes on carry passengers or large loads.
the road and your hands on the The extra weight changes the way
handlebars. When safe, pull off the motorcycle handles, balances,
the road and repair the damage. speeds up, and slows down.
Getting Off the Road Before taking a passenger or a
If you need to leave the road to heavy load on the street, practice
check the motorcycle (or just to away from traffic.
rest for a while), be sure you: Equipment
• Check the roadside. Make sure • Equip and adjust your motor-
the roadside is firm enough to cycle to carry a passenger.
ride on. If it is soft grass, leaves, • A proper seat large enough
loose sand, or if you are not sure to hold both of you without
about it, slow way down before crowding. You should not sit
you turn onto it. any farther forward than you
• Signal. Drivers behind might usually do.
not expect you to slow down. • Footrests for the passenger.
Give a clear signal that you Firm footing prevents your
will be slowing and changing passenger from falling off and
direction. Check your mirror(s) pulling you off, too.
and make a head check before
you take any action. • The same protective apparel
and gear recommended for
• Pull off the road. Get as far off riders.
the road as you can. It can be
very hard to see a motorcycle Adjust the suspension to handle
by the side of the road. You do the additional weight. You
not want someone else leaving will probably need to add a
the road at the same place you few pounds of pressure to the
are. tires if you carry a passenger
(check your owner’s manual
• Park carefully. Loose or for appropriate settings). While
sloped shoulders, as well as your passenger sits on the seat
soft ground, can make setting with you, adjust the mirror(s)
the side or center kickstand and headlight according to the
difficult. change in the motorcycle’s angle.

- 36 -
Motorcycles Towing Trailers • Avoid unnecessary talk or
Motorcycles towing trailers: motion. The motorcycle will
• Must not exceed 55 mph. sway with the passenger’s
movement.
• Must remain in the right lane
unless it is a four lane highway, Also, tell your passenger to
then the right two lanes, except tighten their hold when you:
when passing. • Approach surface problems.
• Are not allowed in carpool • Are about to start from a stop.
lanes. • Warn you will make a sudden
For more infor mation, see move.
VC §§630 and 22406 or the Riding With Passengers
Recreational Vehicles and
Trailers Handbook (DL 648) Your motorcycle will respond
available online at dmv.ca.gov or more slowly with a passenger.
obtain a copy at your local DMV The heavier your passenger, the
field office. longer it will take to slow down,
stop, and speed up, especially
Instructing Passengers on a light-duty motorcycle. Your
Even if your passenger is a motor- braking distance will increase
cycle rider, provide complete due to the added weight.
instructions before you start. Tell • Ride a little slower, especially
your passenger to: when taking curves, corners,
• Get on the motorcycle only or bumps.
after you start the engine. • Begin slowing sooner as you
• Sit as far forward as possible approach a stop.
without crowding you. • Open up a larger cushion of
• Hold firmly to your waist, hips, space ahead and to the sides.
or belt. • Wait for larger gaps to cross,
• Keep both feet on the footrests, enter, or merge with traffic.
even when stopped. Warn your passenger of these
• Keep legs away from the special conditions: starting, stop-
muffler(s), belts, chains, or ping quickly, turning sharply, or
moving parts. riding over bumps. Turn your
• Stay directly behind you lean- head slightly to make yourself
ing as you lean and looking understood, but keep your eyes
over your shoulder in the direc- on the road ahead.
tion of the turn.

- 37 -
Child Passengers • Keep the load low. Fasten
Riding with child passengers loads securely or put them in
should only be done when the saddlebags. Stacking loads
proper precautions are taken. The against a sissybar or frame on
motorcycle should be equipped the back of the seat raises the
with passenger footrests and the motorcycle’s center of gravity
child's feet must be able to reach and shifts its balance.
them. • Keep the load forward. Place
Children should wear a full- the load over, or in front of, the
faced, U.S. DOT compliant, rear axle. Tank bags keep loads
properly-fitted motorcycle safety forward, but use caution when
helmet. It should fit snugly so, in loading hard or sharp objects.
the event of an accident, it does Make sure the tank bag does
not come off. not interfere with handlebars
or controls. Mounting a load
Children should wear appropri-
behind the rear axle affects
ate clothing, such as long pants,
how the motorcycle turns and
closed-toe shoes, a jacket made
brakes. It can also cause a
from a heavy material, and
wobble.
protective gloves that aid in the
child's protection in an accident or • Distribute the load evenly.
fall. Shoes should also be durable Load saddlebags with about
and fastened tight enough to not the same weight. An uneven
come off in the event of a fall. load can cause the motorcycle
to drift to one side.
Restraint systems are available
• Secure the load. Fasten the
to secure a child passenger to
load securely with elastic cords
the rider by means of a belt or
(bungee cords or nets). Elastic
harness. In the event of a fall,
cords with more than one
the child passenger will remain
attachment point per side are
secured to the rider instead of
more secure. A tight load will
being thrown free.
not catch in the wheel or chain,
Carrying Loads causing it to lock up and skid.
Most motorcycles are not Ropes tend to stretch and knots
designed to carry much cargo. can come loose, permitting the
Small loads can be carried load to shift or fall.
safely, if positioned and fastened • Check the load. Stop and
properly. check the load often to make
sure it has not worked loose
or moved.

- 38 -
Group Riding • Put beginners up front. Place
If you ride with others, do it in a inexperienced riders behind the
way that promotes safety and does leader so the more experienced
not interfere with the flow of traf- riders can watch them.
fic. Assign a lead and a drag (tail) • Monitor those behind. Let
rider. Both riders should be expe- the last rider set the pace. Use
rienced and familiar with group your mirror(s) to keep an eye on
riding. VC §21461 requires all the rider behind. If a rider falls
vehicles to observe official traffic behind, everyone should slow
control devices before entering or down a little to stay together.
crossing the highway. When riders • Know the route. Make sure
travel in groups and approach an everyone knows the route. Plan
intersection with a stop sign or frequent stops on long rides.
traffic light, the riders must obey
the traffic control devices. Keep Your Distance
Maintain close ranks, but at the
Keep the Group Small same time keep a safe distance to
Small groups make it easier and allow each rider in the group time
safer for other drivers to get and space to react to hazards. A
around them. A small number is close group takes up less space
not separated as easily by traffic on the highway, is easier to see,
or red lights. Some riders won’t and is less likely to be separated.
always be hurrying to catch up. However, this formation must be
If your group is larger than four done properly.
or five riders, divide it into two • Do not pair up. Never oper-
or more smaller groups. ate directly alongside another
Keep the Group Together rider. There is no place to go
to avoid a vehicle or a hazard
• Brief. Perform a preride over-
on the road. Wait until you are
view of the route, hand signals
both stopped to talk.
for single-file formation and what
to do if a hazard is encountered. • Staggered formation. This
is the best way to keep ranks
• Plan. The leader should look
close and maintain an adequate
ahead for changes and signal
space cushion. The leader rides
early so there is plenty of time
in the left portion of the lane
for everyone to follow. Start
while the second rider stays
lane changes early to permit
one second behind in the right
everyone to complete the lane
portion of the lane. A third
change safely.
rider rides in the left portion

- 39 -
 of the lane two seconds behind – After the first rider passes
the first rider. The fourth rider safely, the second rider
keeps a two-second distance moves up to the left portion
behind the second rider. This of the lane and watches for
formation keeps the group a safe chance to pass. After
close and permits each rider passing, this rider returns to
a safe distance from others the right portion of the lane
ahead, behind, and to the sides. and opens up room for the
next rider.
STAGGERED FORMATION – Some people suggest the
leader should move to the
right portion of the lane after
passing a vehicle. This is not
a good idea. It encourages
the second rider to pass and
return to the lane before
there is a large enough
space cushion in front of the
passed vehicle. It is simpler
and safer to wait until there
is enough room ahead of the
passed vehicle to allow each
rider to move into the same
position held before the pass.
• Single-file formation. Move
into a single-file formation
• Passing in formation. Riders
when riding curves, turning,
in a staggered formation should
and entering or leaving a
pass one at a time.
highway.
– First, the lead rider pulls out
and passes when safe. After
passing, the leader returns
to the left portion of the
lane and continues riding
at “passing speed” to open
room for the next rider.

- 40 -
 BEING IN SHAPE TO Blood Alcohol
RIDE Concentration
Riding a motorcycle is a demand- Blood alcohol concentration
ing and complex task. Skilled (BAC) is the amount of alcohol
riders pay attention to their riding in relation to blood in the body.
environment while operating the Generally, alcohol can be eliminat-
motorcycle, identifying potential ed in the body at the rate of almost
hazards, making good judg- one drink per hour. But a variety
ments, and executing decisions of other factors may also influence
quickly and skillfully. Your the level of alcohol retained. The
ability to perform and respond more alcohol in your blood, the
to changing road and traffic greater the degree of impairment.
conditions is influenced by how Important factors that play a
fit and alert you are. Alcohol major part in determining BAC:
and other drugs, more than any
• The amount of alcohol you
other factor, affect your ability to
consumed.
think clearly and to ride safely.
As little as one alcoholic drink • How fast you drank.
can have a significant effect on • Your body weight.
your performance. “One drink” is a 11/ 2 -ounce
shot of 80-proof liquor (even if
mixed with nonalcoholic drinks),
a 5-ounce glass of 12 percent
(%) wine, or a 12-ounce glass
of 5% beer. These “one drink”
equivalents change if you drink
ale, malt liquors, or fortified
wines or if you drink on an empty
stomach, are tired, sick, upset, or
have taken medicines or drugs.
The faster you drink the more
alcohol accumulates in your
body. If you consume two drinks
in an hour, at the end of that hour,
at least one drink will remain in
your bloodstream.

- 41 -
 GET A DUI – LOSE YOUR LICENSE!
It is illegal to drive with a Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) of .08% or more (.04% for commercial vehicle
drivers and .01% if under 21). Other factors, such as fatigue, medications or food may affect your
ability to legally operate a vehicle. The table below gives an estimate of blood alcohol levels based
on the number of drinks consumed, gender and body weight. REMEMBER: Even one drink is likely
to affect your ability to drive safely!

BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT (BAC)

Table for Male (M) / Female (F)
Number of Body Weight in Pounds Driving
Drinks 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 Condition
M .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 Only Safe
0 F .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 Driving Limit
M .06 .05 .04 .04 .03 .03 .03 .02

- 42 -
1 F .07 .06 .05 .04 .04 .03 .03 .03
Driving Skills
M .12 .10 .09 .07 .07 .06 .05 .05
2 Impaired
F .13 .11 .09 .08 .07 .07 .06 .06
M .18 .15 .13 .11 .10 .09 .08 .07
3 F .20 .17 .14 .12 .11 .10 .09 .08
M .24 .20 .17 .15 .13 .12 .11 .10
4 Legally
F .26 .22 .19 .17 .15 .13 .12 .11
Intoxicated
M .30 .25 .21 .19 .17 .15 .14 .12
5 F .33 .28 .24 .21 .18 .17 .15 .14
Subtract .01% for each 40 minutes of drinking.
1 drink = 1.5 oz. 80 proof liquor, 12 oz. 5% beer, or 5 oz. 12% wine.
Fewer than 5 persons out of 100 will exceed these values.
Alcohol and the Law Fatigue
In California, it is illegal for a Riding a motorcycle is more tiring
person under 21 years old to drive than driving a vehicle, especially
with a BAC of 0.01% or above; for on a long trip. Avoid riding when
people under 21 years old, there is tired. Fatigue can affect your
ZERO tolerance for alcohol use. control of the motorcycle.
It is illegal for a person 21 years • Li m it your d ist ance.
old or older to drive with a BAC Experienced riders seldom
of 0.08% or above. It does not ride more than about six hours
matter how sober you may look a day.
or act; a breath or blood test is • Take frequent rest breaks.
what determines whether you are Stop and get off the motorcycle
riding legally or illegally. at least every two hours.
NOTE: The California Driver’s • Do not drink alcohol or use
Handbook (DL 600) has addi- drugs. Artificial stimulants
tional information regarding often result in extreme fatigue
driving under the inf luence or depression as they start to
(DUI) of alcohol and/or drugs. wear off. You will not be able to
Law enforcement is being concentrate on the task at hand.
stepped up across the country in
response to the senseless deaths
and injuries caused by drinking
drivers and riders.
Minimize the Risks
Minimize the risks of drinking
and riding by following the steps
below:
• Do not drink. Once you
start drinking, your resistance
becomes weaker.
• Do not ride. If you are or have
been drinking, do not ride your
motorcycle.

- 43 -
 MOTORCYCLE EVADING A PEACE
INSURANCE FACTS OFFICER
The financial responsibility sec- Any person who willfully flees or
tions of the Vehicle Code (VC) attempts to evade a peace officer
apply to motorcycle owners and performing their duties is guilty
operators. of a misdemeanor punishable by
If you, as a motorcycle rider, are imprisonment in a county jail
involved in a collision which for not more than one year (VC
causes more than $1,000 in §2800.1).
property damage to one person, If a person is convicted of causing
including yourself, or anyone serious bodily injury during the
else is injured, no matter how course of a police pursuit (VC
slightly, you (or your insurance §2800.3(a)), they are subject to:
agent, broker, or legal represen- • Imprisonment in a state prison
tative) must report the collision for three, five, or seven years
to DMV or your DL may be or in a county jail for not more
suspended. CHP or the police than one year.
will not make this report. • A fine between $2,000 and
You must make this report within $10,000.
10 days on the Report of Traffic • Both a fine and imprisonment.
Accident Occurring in California
If a person is convicted of killing
(SR1). The SR1 is also available
anyone during the course of a
on the DMV website at dmv.
police pursuit (VC §2800.3(b)),
ca.gov and at any DMV field
they are subject to imprisonment
office or CHP office. Refer to the
in a state prison for four, six, or
California Driver’s Handbook
ten years.
for more information.
Check with your insurance com-
pany about your coverage before
you buy or ride a motorcycle.

- 44 -
 TREAD LIGHTLY! • Get permission to travel
• The U.S. Forest Ser vice across private lands. Respect
(USFS), Bureau of Land landowner rights.
Management (BLM), and For more information, contact the
California Department of Parks Off-Highway Vehicle Division
and Recreation would like you of the California Department
to TREAD LIGHTLY! Obtain of Parks and Recreation at
a travel map from your local ohv.parks.ca.gov.
USFS or BLM office, or regu-
lations from other public land
agencies. Learn the rules and
follow them.
• Avoid running over young
trees, shrubs, and grasses—
this can damage or kill them.
• Stay off soft, wet roads and
trails readily torn up by vehi-
cles.
• Travel around meadows,
steep hillsides, stream banks,
and lake shores easily scarred
by churning wheels.
• Resist the urge to pioneer a
new road or trail or cut across
a switchback.
• Stay away from wild animals
rearing young or suffering
from food shortages. The stress
uses up their limited energy
reserves.
• Obey gate closures and regula-
tory signs.
• Stay out of designated wil-
derness areas. Know where
the boundaries are. Vandalism
costs tax dollars.

- 45 -
SAVE A TRIP TO DMV
Complete it online.
• Vehicle Registration Renewal • Replacement Title
• Replacement Sticker or • Commercial Driver’s License
Registration Card Renewal
• Driver’s License Renewal • Driver’s/Vehicle History Records
• Replacement Driver’s License • Change of Address
• Title Transfers • Report of Traffic Accident
• Online Knowledge Testing

dmv.ca.gov
 Get Prepared at
REALID.dmv.ca.gov

Apply for a REAL ID

Bring the following to your office visit:

1 Identity/birth document
(Ex: Original or certified birth certificate, US passport)

2 California Residency–2 different documents

(Ex: Utility or cell phone bill, bank statement, lease agreement)

3 Social Security number

(Exceptions may apply)

A name change document(s) is required if the name on your identity document

is different than your current legal name.

PLAN AHEAD!

— Complete the online driver’s license/

identification card application
— Upload your documents
— Print or take a photo of your confirmation code
(Code serves as your reservation.)
— Bring confirmation and documents
with you to your office visit
(Bring applicable fees.)

DL 665 ENGLISH (REV. 2/2024) WWW