Page 1

Page 2
Page 3
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Program structure & Detailed Syllabus

2023

For
Under Graduate Programme (B.Tech)

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS

ENGINEERING
(Applicable For Batches Admitted From 2023 –
2024)

VIGNAN’S INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(AUTONOMOUS)

DUVVADA - VISAKHAPATNAM – 530 049

(An Autonomous Institute, Accredited by NAAC, Affiliated to JNTUGV,
Vizianagaram, AP)

Page 4
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

VIGNAN’S INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(AUTONOMOUS)
VISAKHAPATNAM
Academic Regulations (R23) for B. Tech (Regular/Honors)
(Effective for the students admitted into I year from the Academic
Year 2023-24 onwards)

The admissions of the students into B.Tech. course shall be as per the Govt. of Andhra
Pradesh rules.

1. Award of the Degree

(a) Award of the B.Tech. Degree / B.Tech. Degree with a Minor if he/she fulfils the
following:
(i) Pursues a program of study for not less than four academic years and not more than
eight academic years. However, for the students availing Gap year facility this
period shall be extended by two years at the most and these two years would in
addition to the maximum period permitted for graduation (Eight years).
(ii) Registers for 160 credits and secures all 160 credits.
For lateral entry scheme admission: Pursue a program of study
For not less than three academic years and not more than six Academic years.
(iii) Lateral entry candidate has to register for 120 credits from second year onwards
and shall secure 120 credits.

(b) Award of B.Tech. degree with Honors

if he/she fulfils the following:
(i) Student secures additional 15 credits fulfilling all the requisites of a
B.Tech. program i.e., 160 credits.
(ii) Registering for Honors is optional.
(iii) Honors is to be completed simultaneously with B.Tech. programme.

2. Students, who fail to fulfil all the academic requirements for the award of the degree
within eight academic years from the year of their admission, shall forfeit their seat in
B.Tech. course and their admission stands cancelled. This clause shall be read along
with clause 1 a) i).

3. Admissions
Admission to the B. Tech Program shall be made subject to the eligibility, qualifications and
specialization prescribed by the A.P. State Government/University from time to time.
Admissions shall be made either based on the merit rank obtained by the student in the
common entrance examination conducted by the A.P. Government/University or any other
order of merit approved by the A.P. Government/University, subject to reservations as
prescribed by the Government/University from time to time.

Page 5
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

4. Program related terms

Credit: A unit by which the course work is measured. It determines the number of hours of
instruction required per week. One credit is equivalent to one hour of teaching
(Lecture/Tutorial) or two hours of practical work/field work per week.

Credit Definition:

1 Hr. Lecture (L) per week 1 credit

1 Hr. Tutorial (T) per week 1 credit

1 Hr. Practical (P) per week 0.5 credit

2 Hrs. Practical (Lab) per week 1 credit

(a) Academic Year:

Two consecutive (one odd + one even) semesters constitute one academic year.

(b) Choice Based Credit System (CBCS):

The CBCS provides a choice for students to select from the prescribed courses.

5. Programs of Study
The following B.Tech. Programs are offered:
S. No. Program Code Program & Abbreviation
01 01 Civil Engineering (CE)
02 02 Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)
03 03 Mechanical Engineering (ME)
04 04 Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)
05 05 Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
06 12 Information Technology (IT)
07 19 Electronics and Computer Engineering (E. Com E)
08 54 Artificial Intelligence and Data Science (AI&DS)
09 43 CSE–Artificial Intelligence
10 44 CSE –Data Science
11 46 CSE–Cyber Security

And any other Programs as approved by the authorities of the Institute from time to time.

Page 6
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

6. Registration:
A student shall register for courses in each semester as per the courses offered in the
specific B.Tech Program.

7. Curricular Program
The Curriculum of the four-year B. Tech Program has been designed to achieve a
Healthy balance between theory and laboratory courses and Skills required for Industry.
Further, focus is given to develop technical skills, Inter disciplinary skillsetc.,

8. Semester/Credits:
i) A semester comprises 90 working days and an academic year is divided into two
semesters.
ii) The summer term is for minimum 4 weeks during summer vacation. Internship/
apprenticeship / work-based vocational education and training can be carried out
during the summer term, especially by students who wish to exit after two
semesters or four semesters of study.
iii) Regular courses may also be completed well in advance through MOOCs
satisfying prerequisites for elective courses.

9. Structure of the Undergraduate Programme

All courses offered for the undergraduate program (B. Tech.) are broadly classified as
follows:

Breakup of Percentage AICTE

S.No. Category Credits of total Recommendation
(Total 160) credits (%)
Humanities and Social
1. Science including 13 8% 8 – 9%
Management (HM)
2. Basic Sciences (BS) 20 13 % 12 - 16%
3. Engineering Sciences (ES) 23.5 14% 10 – 18%
4. Professional Core (PC) 54.5 34 % 30 – 36%

Electives – Professional (PE)

& Open (OE); Domain
5.
Specific Skill Enhancement 21 % 19 - 23%
Courses 33
(SEC)
6. Internships & Project work 16 10 % 8 – 11%
(PR)
7. Mandatory Courses (MC) Non-credit Non-credit -

Page 7
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

10. Course Classification:

All subjects/ courses offered for the undergraduate programme in Engineering &
Technology (B.Tech. degree programmes) are broadly classified as follows:

Broad
Course
S.No. Course Description
Category
Classification
Includes Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry;
1. Foundation Foundation fundamental engineering courses; humanities,
Courses courses social sciences and management courses

Includes subjects related to the parent

Professional Core
2. Core Courses discipline/department/branch of Engineering
Courses (PC)
Professional Includes elective subjects related to the parent
Elective Courses discipline/department/branch of
(PE) Engineering
Elective subjects which include interdisciplinary
Open Elective subjects or subjects in an area outside the parent
Elective
3. Courses (OE) discipline/
Courses
department/ branch of Engineering
Domain
specific skill Interdisciplinary/job-oriented/domain courses
enhancement which are relevant to the industry
courses (SEC)
Project B.Tech. Project or Major Project
4.
Project & Summer Internships – Community based
Internships Internships and Industry Internships; Industry
oriented Full Semester Internship
Mandatory Covering subjects of developing desired attitude
5. Audit Courses
non- credit courses among the learners

11. Programme Pattern

i. Total duration of the of B. Tech (Regular/Honors) Programme is four academic
years.
ii. Each academic year of study is divided into two semesters.
iii. Minimum number of instruction days in each semester is 90 days.
iv. There shall be mandatory student induction program for freshers, before the
commencement of first semester. Physical activity, Creative Arts, Universal Human
Values, Literary, Proficiency Modules, Lectures by Eminent People, Visits to local
Areas, Familiarization to Dept./Branch & Innovations etc., are included as per the
guidelines issued by AICTE.

Page 8
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

v. Health/wellness/yoga/sports and NSS /NSS /Scouts & Guides / Communityservice

activities are made mandatory as credit courses for all the under graduate students.
vi. Courses like Environmental Sciences, Indian Constitution, Technical Paper Writing
& IPR are offered as non-credit mandatory courses for all the undergraduate
students.
vii. Design Thinking for Innovation & Tinkering labs are made mandatory as credit
courses for all the undergraduate students.
viii. Increased flexibility for students through the elective component of the curriculum,
with 5 Professional Elective courses and 5 Open Elective courses.
ix. Professional Elective Courses, include the elective courses relevant to the chosen
specialization/branch. Proper choice of professional elective courses can lead to
students specializing in emerging areas within the chosen field of study.
x. A total of 4 Open Electives are offered in the curriculum. A student can complete
the requirement for B.Tech. Degree with a Minor within the 160 credits by opting
for the courses offered through various verticals/tracks under Open Electives.

xi. While choosing the electives, students shall ensure that they do not opt for the
courses with syllabus contents similar to courses already pursued.

xii. A pool of interdisciplinary/job-oriented/domain skill courses which are relevant to

the industry are integrated into the curriculum of all disciplines. There shall be 5
skill-oriented courses offered during III to VII semesters. Among the five skill
courses, four courses shall focus on the basic and advanced skills related to the
domain/interdisciplinary courses and the other shall be a soft skills course.
xiii. Students shall undergo mandatory summer internships, for a minimum of weeks
duration at the end of second and third year of the programme. The internship at the
end of second year shall be community oriented and industry internship at the end
of third year.
xiv. There shall also be mandatory full internship in the final semester of the programme
along with the project work.
xv. Undergraduate degree with Honors is introduced by the Institute for the students
having good academic record.
xvi. Institution take measures to implement Virtual Labs (https://www.vlab.co.in) which
provide remote access to labs in various disciplines of Engineering and will help
student in learning basic and advanced concept through remote experimentation.
Student shall be made to work on virtual lab experiments during the regular labs.
xvii. Faculty shall assign as advisor/mentor after admission to a group of students from
same department to provide guidance in courses registration /career /growth
/placements /opportunities for higher studies/GATE/ other competitive exams etc.

xviii. 25% of course work for the theory courses in every semester may be conducted in
the blended mode of learning.

Page 9
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

12 Evaluation Process
The performance of a student in each semester shall be evaluated subject wise with a
maximum of 100 marks for theory and 100 marks for practical subject. Summer Internships
shall be evaluated for 50 marks, Full Internship &Project work in final semester shall be
evaluated for 200 marks, mandatory courses with no credits shall be evaluated for 30 mid
semester marks.
For any course, student is considered to be passed upon securing minimum 40% marks in
the external examination alone and minimum 50% marks from both internal and external
examination put together for the theory, practical, design, drawing subject or project etc.
In case of a mandatory course, he/she should secure 50% of the total marks.

Theory Courses

Assessment Method Marks

Continuous Internal Assessment 30

Semester End Examination 70

Total 100

i) For theory subject, the distribution shall be 30 marks for Internal Evaluation and
70 marks for the End- Examination.
ii) For practical subject, the distribution shall be 30 marks for Internal Evaluation and
70 marks for the End - Examination.
iii) If any course contains two different branch subjects, the syllabus shall be written
in two parts with 3 units each (Part-A and Part-B) and external examination
question paper shall be set with two parts each for 35 marks.
iv) If any subject is having both theory and practical components, they will be evaluated
separately as theory subject and practical subject. However, they will be given same
subject code with an extension of ‘T’ for theory subject and ‘P’ for practical subject.

(a) Continuous Internal Evaluation

i) For theory subjects, during the semester, there shall be two midterm examinations.
Each midterm examination shall be evaluated for 30 marks of which 10 marks for
objective paper, 15 marks for subjective paper and 5 marks for assignment.
ii) Objective paper shall contain for 05 short answer questions with 2 marks each for 10
marks. Subjective paper shall contain 3 either or type questions (totally six questions
from 1 to 6) of which student has to answer one from each either-or type of questions.
Each question carries 10 marks. The marks obtained in the subjective paper are
condensed to 15 marks.

Page 10
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Note:
• The objective paper shall be prepared in line with the quality of competitive
examinations questions.
• The subjective paper shall contain 3 either or type questions of equal weightage of
10 marks. Any fraction shall be rounded off to the next higher mark.
• The objective paper shall be conducted on the day of subjective paper test.
• Assignments shall be in the form of problems, mini projects, design problems, slip
tests, quizzes etc., depending on the course content. It should be continuous assessment
throughout the semester and the average marks shall be considered.

iii) If the student is absent for the mid semester examination, no re-exam shall be conducted
and mid semester marks for that examination shall be considered as zero.
iv) First mid term examination shall be conducted for Two and Half units of syllabus with
one either or type question from each unit. The second mid term examination shall be
conducted for remaining two and half units with one either or type question from each
unit.
v) Final mid semester marks shall be arrived at by considering the marks secured by the
student in both the mid examinations with 80% weightage given to the better mid exam
and 20% to the other.
For Example:
Marks obtained in first mid: 25
Marks obtained in second mid: 20
Final mid semester Marks: (25x0.8) + (20x0.2) = 24

If the student is absent for any one mid term examination, the final mid semester marks
shall be arrived at by considering 80% weightage to the marks secured by the student in
the appeared examination and zero to the other. For Example:
Marks obtained in first mid: Absent
Marks obtained in second mid: 25
Final mid semester Marks: (25x0.8) + (0x0.2) =20
(b) End Examination Evaluation:
End examination of theory subjects shall have the following pattern:

i) There shall be 6 questions and all questions are compulsory.

ii) Question I shall contain 10 compulsory short answer questions for a total of
20marks such that each question carries 2 marks.
iii) There shall be 2 short answer questions from each unit.
In each of the questions from 2 to 6, there shall be either/or type questions of 10
marks each. Student shall answer any one of them.
iv) The questions from 2 to 6 shall be set by covering one unit of the syllabus for
each question.

Page 11
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

End examination of theory subjects consisting of two parts of different subjects, for
Example: Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering shall have the following pattern:
i) Question paper shall be in two parts viz., Part A and Part B with equal weightage of 35
marks each.
ii) In each part, question 1 shall contain 5 compulsory short answer questions for a total of 5
marks such that each question carries 1mark. iii)In each part, questions from 2 to 4, there
shall be either/or type questions of 10 marks each. Student shall answer any one of them.
iii) The questions from 2 to 4 shall be set by covering one unit of the syllabus for each
question.

Practical Courses

Assessment Method Marks

Continuous Internal Assessment 30

Semester End Examination 70

Total 100

b) For practical courses, there shall be a continuous evaluation during the semester for
30 sessional marks and end examination shall be for 70 marks.

c) Day-to-day work in the laboratory shall be evaluated for 15 marks by the concerned
laboratory teacher based on the record/viva and 15 marks for the internal test.

d) The end examination shall be evaluated for 70 marks, conducted by the concerned
laboratory teacher and a senior expert in the subject from the same department.
• Procedure: 20 marks
• Experimental work & Results: 30 marks
• Viva voce: 20 marks.

In a practical subject consisting of two parts (Eg: Basic Electrical &Electronics

Engineering Lab), the end examination shall be conducted for 70 marks as a single
laboratory in 3 hours. Mid semester examination shall be evaluated as above for 30
marks in each part and final mid semester marks shall be arrived by considering the
average of marks obtained in two parts.
e) For the subject having design and/or drawing, such as Engineering Drawing, the
distribution of marks shall be 30 for mid semester evaluation and 70 for end
examination.

Page 12
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Assessment Method Marks

Continuous Internal Assessment 30

Semester End Examination 70

Total 100

Day-to-day work shall be evaluated for 15 marks by the concerned subject teacher
based on the reports/submissions prepared in the class. And there shall be two midterm
examinations in a semester for duration of 2 hours each for 15 marks with weightage
of 80% to better mid marks and 20% for the other. The subjective paper shall contain
3 either or type questions of equal weightage of 5 marks. There shall be no objective
paper in mid semester examination. The sum of day-to-day evaluation and the mid
semester marks will be the final sessional marks for the subject.

The end examination pattern for Engineering Graphics, shall consists of 5 questions,
either/or type, of 14 marks each. There shall be no objective type questions in the end
examination. However, the end examination pattern for other subjects related to
design/drawing, multiple branches, etc is mentioned along with the syllabus.

f) There shall be no external examination for mandatory courses with zero credits.
However, attendance shall be considered while calculating aggregate attendance and
student shall be declared to have passed the mandatory course only when he/she secures
40% or more in the internal examinations. In case, the student fails, a reexamination
shall be conducted for failed candidates for 30 marks satisfying the conditions
mentioned in item 1 & 2 of the regulations.

g) The laboratory records and mid semester test papers shall be preserved for a minimum
of 3 years and shall be produced to the Committees as and when the same are asked
for.

13 Skill oriented Courses

a. There shall be five skill-oriented courses offered during III to VII semesters.
b. Out of the five skill courses two shall be skill-oriented courses from the same
domain. Of the remaining three skill courses, one shall be a soft skill course and the
remaining two shall be skill-advanced courses from the same
domain/Interdisciplinary/Job oriented.
c. The course shall carry 100 marks and shall be evaluated through continuous
assessments during the semester for 30 sessional marks and end examination shall
be for 70 marks. Day-to-day work in the class / laboratory shall be evaluated for 30
marks by the concerned teacher based on the regularity/assignments/viva/mid
semester test. The end examination similar to practical examination pattern shall be
conducted by the concerned teacher and an expert in the subject nominated by the
principal.
d. The Head of the Department shall identify a faculty member as coordinator for the
course. A committee consisting of the Head of the Department, coordinator

Page 13
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

and a senior Faculty member nominated by the Head of the Department shall
monitor the evaluation process. The marks/grades shall be assigned to the students
by the above committee based on their performance.
e. The student shall be given an option to choose either the skill courses being offered
by the college or to choose a certificate course being offered by
industries/Professional bodies or any other accredited bodies. If a student chooses
to take a Certificate Course offered by external agencies, the credits shall be
awarded to the student upon producing the Course Completion Certificate from the
agency. A committee shall be formed at the level of the college to evaluate the
grades/marks given for a course by external agencies and convert to the equivalent
marks/grades.
f. The recommended courses offered by external agencies, conversions and
appropriate grades/marks are to be approved by the Institution at the beginning of
the semester.

g. In case a student fails in any skill course, he/she may be permitted to register for
same course or alternative course decided by department committee. For the course
opted by department committee minimum 32 hrs of the class work will be
conducted. The internal marks secured earlier will be nullified if the course is
changed. The assessment procedure of skill-oriented course remains same.
h. If a student prefers to take a certificate course offered by external agency, the
department shall mark attendance of the student for the remaining courses in that
semester excluding the skill course in all the calculations of mandatory attendance
requirements upon producing a valid certificate as approved by the Institution.

14. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs):

A Student has to pursue and complete one course compulsorily through MOOCs approved
by the institution. A student can pursue courses other than core through MOOCs and it is
mandatory to complete one course successfully through MOOCs for awarding the degree.
A student is not permitted to register and pursue core courses through MOOCs.

A student shall register for the course (Minimum of either 8 weeks for 2 credits or 12 weeks
for 3 credits) offered through MOOCs with the approval of Head of the Department. The
Head of the Department shall appoint one mentor to monitor the student’s progression. The
student needs to earn a certificate by passing the exam. The student shall be awarded the
credits assigned in the curriculum only by submission of the certificate. Examination fee,
if any, will be borne by the student.

Students who have qualified in the proctored examinations conducted through MOOCs
platform can apply for credit transfer as specified and are exempted from appearing internal
as well as external examination (for the specified equivalent credit course only) conducted
by the Institution
To award credits the student should get certificate after they have registered for
written exam and successfully passed

(Or)

Page 14
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

College will conduct the written examination / Viva – voce and award the credits and
grades.

In case a student fails in any online course, he/she may be permitted to register for the
same course or an alternate course decided by the department committee. For course
opted by the department committee minimum 48 hours of class work will be conducted.
The internal marks secured earlier will be nullified if the course is changed. The
assessment procedure of MOOCs course remains same as general theory course.

Note:
1. The registered course must not be same as any of the courses listed in
the program structure of their regulation till final year including
electives.

2. Necessary amendments in rules and regulations regarding adoption of

MOOC courses would be proposed from time to time.
15. Credit Transfer Policy
Adoption of MOOCs is mandatory, to enable Blended model of teaching-learning as also
envisaged in the NEP 2020. As per University Grants Commission (Credit Framework for
Online Learning Courses through SWAYAM) Regulation, 2016, the Institution shall allow
up to a maximum of 20% of the total courses being offered in a particular programme i.e.,
maximum of 32 credits through MOOCs platform.

i. The University shall offer credit mobility for MOOCs and give the equivalent
credit weightage to the students for the credits earned through online learning
courses.
ii. Student registration for the MOOCs shall be only through the respective department
of the institution, it is mandatory for the student to share necessary information with
the department.
iii. Credit transfer policy will be applicable to the Professional & Open Elective
courses only.
iv. The concerned department shall identify the courses permitted for credit transfer.
v. The institution shall notify at the beginning of semester the list of the online
learning courses eligible for credit transfer.
vi. The institution shall designate a faculty member as a Mentor for each course to
guide the students from registration till completion of the credit course.
vii. The Institution shall ensure no overlap of MOOC exams with that examination
schedules.
viii. Student pursuing courses under MOOCs shall acquire the required credits only after
successful completion of the course and submitting a certificate issued by the
competent authority along with the percentage of marks and grades.

Page 15
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

ix. The institution shall maintain the following to the examination section:
a. List of students who have passed MOOC courses in the
current semester along with the certificate of completion.
b. Undertaking form filled by the students for credit transfer.

x. The institution shall resolve any issues that may arise in the implementation of this
policy from time to time and shall review its credit transfer policy in the light of
periodic changes brought by UGC, SWAYAM, NPTEL and state government.

Note: Students shall be permitted to register for MOOCs offered through online platforms
approved by the institution from time to time.

16. Academic Bank of Credits (ABC)

The institution has implemented Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) to promote flexibility
in curriculum as per NEP 2020 to
i. provide option of mobility for learners across the institutes of their choice
ii. provide option to gain the credits through MOOCs from approved digital
platforms.
iii. facilitate award of certificate/diploma/degree in line with the accumulated
credits in ABC.
iv. execute Multiple Entry and Exit system with credit count, credit transfer
and credit acceptance from students’ account.

17. Mini project (EPICS/CSP):

It is to be carried out during the second year. Students have an option to choose their
own area of interest related to problems impacting the society. It is evaluated for 50
marks.
i) Internal assessment - 20 marks
ii) Project submission and Viva-Voce - 30 marks

18. Mandatory Internships

Summer Internships:
Two summer internships either onsite or virtual each with a minimum of 4 weeks
duration, done at the end of second and third years, respectively are mandatory. It shall
be completed in collaboration with local industries, Govt. Organizations, construction
agencies, Power projects, software MNCs or any industries in the areas of concerned
specialization of the Undergraduate program. One of the two summer internships at the
end of second year (Community Service Project) shall be society oriented and shall be
completed in collaboration with government organizations/NGOs & others. The other
internship at the end of third year is Industry Internship and shall be completed in
collaboration with Industries. The student shall register for the internship as per course
structure after commencement of academic year. The guidelines issued by the APSCHE
/ University shall be followed for carrying out and evaluation of Community Service
Project and Industry Internship.

Page 16
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Evaluation of the summer internships shall be through the departmental committee. A

student will be required to submit a summer internship report to the concerned department
and appear for an oral presentation before the departmental committee comprising of
Head of the Department, supervisor of the internship and a senior faculty member of the
department. A certificate of successful completion from industry shall be included in the
report. The report and the oral presentation shall carry 50% weightage each. It shall be
evaluated for 50 external marks. There shall be no internal marks for Summer Internship.
A student shall secure minimum 50% of marks for successful completion. In case, if a
student fails, he/she shall reappear as and when semester supplementary examinations are
conducted by the Institution.

Full Semester Internship and Project work:

In the final semester, the student should mandatorily register and undergo internship and
in parallel he/she should work on a project with well-defined objectives. At the end of the
semester the candidate shall submit an internship completion certificate and a project
report. A student shall also be permitted to submit project report on the work carried out
during the internship.

18.1. Evaluation Procedure for Main Project:

Main project work shall be carried out in the IV-year, second semester and evaluated
for 200 marks. Out of a total of 200 marks for the project work, 80 marks shall be
for Internal Evaluation and 120 marks for the End Semester Examination.

18.2. Evaluation Procedure for Internship:

Internship work shall be carried out in the IV-year, second semester and evaluated
for 200 marks. Out of a total of 200 marks for the project work, 80 marks shall be
for Internal Evaluation and 120 marks for the End Semester Examination.

19. Attendance Requirements:

a. It is desirable for a candidate to have 100% attendance in the class in all the
courses. However, a candidate shall be permitted to appear for the end semester
examination if he/she has a minimum of 75% aggregate attendance in the
semester. Student will not be permitted to write Mid examination if the attendance
percentage is less than 75 % during the stipulated instruction duration. However,
Academic Committee in the institute level shall review the situation and take
appropriate decision.
Note: Special cases for students having extra ordinary performance at National
and International level will be considered by the Academic Committee.
b. Condonation of shortage of attendance may be considered on Medical grounds
maximum up to 10%, if the student provides the medical certificate to the HOD
immediately after he /she recovers from the illness. Medical Certificate submitted
afterwards shall not be permitted. Shortage of attendance equal to or above 65%
and below 75%will be condoned on payment of fee as fixed by the competent
authority and the student concerned will be permitted to take the end semester
examination. This privilege is given only three times for regular student and
only two times for lateral entry student during the entire program of study.

Page 17
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

c. Shortage of attendance may be considered for the students who participate in

prestigious sports, co and extra-curricular activities if their attendance is in the
minimum prescribed limit.

d. A student will be promoted to the next semester if satisfies attendance and credits
requirement.
20. Academic Requirements:
The following academic requirements have to be satisfied in addition to the
attendance requirements. For any course, student is considered to be passed
upon securing minimum 40% marks in the external examination alone and
minimum 50% marks from both internal and external examination put together
21. Promotion Policy:
a. A student shall be promoted from first year to second year if he fulfills the
minimum attendance requirements.

b. To promote to III year, a student has to secure minimum 40% of total credits
from I &II- year courses

c. To promote to IV year, a student has to secure minimum 40% of total credits

from I, II&III- year courses
d. In case of Lateral entry students, to promote to IV year, a student has to
secure minimum 40% of total credits from II & III –year courses
22. Gap Year Concept:
Gap year concept for Student Entrepreneur in Residence is introduced and outstanding
students who wish to pursue entrepreneurship / become entrepreneur are allowed to
take a break of one year at any time after II year to pursue full-time entrepreneurship
programme /to establish startups. This period may be extended to two years at the most
and these two years would not be counted for the time for the maximum time for
graduation. An evaluation committee constituted by the Institution shall evaluate the
proposal submitted by the student and the committee shall decide whether to permit
the student(s) to avail the Gap Year or not.

23. Supplementary examinations:

Supplementary examinations for the odd Semester shall be conducted with the
regular examinations of even semester and vice versa. In case a student fails
in online courses/ industrial lecture(s), he/she may be permitted to register for
another course /lecture(s).
24. Transitory Regulations
i. The student has to continue the course work along with the regular
students of the respective semester in which the student getsre-admission.
ii. The student has to register for Substitute / Compulsory courses offered in
place of courses studied earlier.
iii. The mode of internal evaluation and end-semester examinations shall be
on par with the regular students, i.e., the student has to follow the mode of

Page 18
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

internal evaluation and the then question paper model for the end – semester
examinations along with the regular students of the respective semester in
which the student gets re-admission. The marks secured in the internal and
end-semester examinations will be pro-rated in accordance with the
regulations under which the student was first admitted.
iv. For the courses studied under earlier regulations but failed, the student has
to appear, pass and acquire credits from the supplementary examinations
as and when conducted. The question paper model shall remain same as the
one in which the student took examination during previous regulations.
v. The promotion criteria based on attendance as well as credits shall be in
accordance with the regulations under which the student was first admitted.
vi. All other academic requirements shall be in accordance with the regulations
under which the student was first admitted.

vii. The decision of the Principal is final on any other clarification in this regard.
viii. Transcripts: After successful completion of the entire program of study, a
transcript containing performance of all academic years will be issued as a
final record. Partial transcript will also be issued up toany point of study to a
student on request, after payment of requisitefee.
25. Minimum Instruction Days
The minimum instruction days for each semester shall be 16 weeks.
There shall be no branch transfers after the completion of the admission process.
26. Examinations and Evaluation
a. General guidelines
i. All the semester end examinations are conducted for duration of
three hours
ii. External examination shall be conducted for 70 marks consist of
five questions of internal choice carrying 12 marks each.
iii. For laboratory examinations, the evaluation is done by internal
examiner and an external examiner.

b. Revaluation There is a provision for revaluation of theory courses if student fulfils the
following norms.
The request for revaluation must be made in the prescribed format duly
recommended by the Chief Superintendent of Examinations through Additional
Controller along with the prescribed revaluation fee.

Page 19
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

27. Grading System:

Structure of Grading of Academic Performance

Range in which the
Grade Grade Point
marks Assigned
in the subject fall
90 & above S(Superior) 10
80 – 89 A (Excellent) 9
70 – 79 B (Very Good) 8
60 – 69 C (Good) 7
50 – 59 D (Average) 6
40 – 49 E (Pass) 5
<40 F (Fail) 0
Ab (Absent) 0

Computation of SGPA

The following procedure is to be adopted to compute the Semester Grade Point

Average.

(SGPA) and Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA):

The SGPA is the ratio of sum of the product of the number of credits with the
grade points scored by a student in all the courses taken by a student and the
sum of the number of credits of all the courses under gone by a student,i.e.

SGPA (Si) = Σ (CixGi)/ΣCi

Where Ci is the number of credits of the ith course and Gi is the grade point
scored by the student in the ithcourse.
Computation of CGPA

 The CGPA is also calculated in the same manner considering all the
courses undergone by a student overall the semesters of a programme,
i.e.

CGPA=Σ(CixSi)/Σ Ci

Where Si is the SGPA of the ith semester and Ci is the total number of credits
in that semester.
Conversion of CGPA to Percentage:

Equivalent Percentage= (CGPA– 0.75) X 10

Page 20
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

28. Award of Class

After a student has satisfied the requirements prescribed for the

completion of the program and is eligible for the award of B. Tech. Degree,
he/she shall be placed in one of the following three classes:
Regular:
Class Awarded CGPA to be secured
From the
First Class with Distinction ≥7.75with no failures CGPA
secured
First Class ≥ 6.75 from160
Credits.
Second Class ≥5.75to<6.75

Lateral – entry scheme

Class Awarded CGPA to be secured From the

CGPA
First Class with Distinction ≥7.75with no failures
secured
First Class ≥ 6.75 From 121
credits from
II Year to
Second Class ≥5.75to<6.75
IV Year

29. General Instructions

i. Where the words ‘he’, ‘him’, ‘his’, occur, they imply ‘she’,‘her’, ‘hers’, also.
ii. The academic regulations should be read as a whole for the purpose of
any interpretation.
iii. In case of any doubt or ambiguity in the interpretation of the above
rules, the decision of the Chairman, Academic Council is final.
iv. The college may change or amend the academic regulations or syllabi
from time to time and the changes or amendments made shall be
applicable to all the students with effect from the dates notified by the
institution.

30. With holding of Results

If the student has not paid the dues, if any, to the institute or in any case of
indiscipline is pending against him, the result of the student will be withheld.
His degree will be withheld in such cases.
Note: All other regulations including attendance requirements related to four year
B.Tech Regular program will be applicable for B.Tech. Lateral Entry Scheme.

Page 21
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

31. Malpractices Rules

DISCIPLINARY ACTION FOR MAL PRACTICES / IMPROPER
CONDUCT IN EXAMINATIONS

Nature of Malpractices/ Improper

S.No Punishment
conduct
If the candidate possesses or keep Expulsion from the examination hall and
accessible in examination hall, any paper, cancellation of the performance in that
note book, programmable calculators, course only.
Cell phones, pager, palm computers or
any other form of material concerned with
or related to the course of the examination
1(a) (theory or practical) in which he is
appearing but has not made use of
(material shall include any marks on the
body of the candidate which can be used
as an aid in the course of the
examination)

If the candidate gives assistance or Expulsion from the examination hall and
guidance or receives it from any other cancellation of the performance in that
candidate orally or by any other body course only of all the candidates involved.
(b) language methods or communicates In case of an outsider, he will be handed
through cell phones with any candidate or over to the police and a case is registered
persons in or outside the exam hall in against him.
respect of any matter.

If the candidate has copied in the Expulsion from the examination hall and
examination hall from any paper, book, cancellation of the performance in that
programmable calculators, palm course and all other courses the candidate
2 computers or any other form of material has already appeared including practical
relevant to the course of the examination examinations and project work and shall
(theory or practical) in which the not be permitted to appear for the remaining
candidate is appearing. examinations of the courses of that
Semester/year.
The Hall Ticket of the candidate is to be
cancelled.

Page 22
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

The candidate who has impersonated shall

be expelled from examination hall. The
candidate is also debarred and forfeits the
seat. The performance of the original
candidate, who has been impersonated,
shall be cancelled in all the courses of the
examination (including practical’s and
3 project work) already appeared and shall
If the candidate impersonates any other not be allowed to appear for examinations
candidate in connection with the of the remaining courses of that semester /
examination. year. The candidate is also debarred for two
consecutive semesters from class work and
all examinations. The continuation of the
course by the candidate is subject to the
academic regulations in connection with
for feature of seat. If the imposter is an
outsider, he will be handed over to the
police and a case is registered against him.

Expulsion from the examination hall and

cancellation of performance in that course
and all the other courses the candidate has
already appeared including practical
If the candidate smuggles in the Answer examinations and project work and shall
book or additional sheet or takes out or not be permitted for the remaining
arranges to send out the question paper examinations of the courses of that
4
during the examination or answer book or semester / year. The candidate is also
additional sheet, during or after the debarred for two consecutive semesters
examination. from class work and all examinations. The
continuation of the course by the candidate
is subject to the academic regulations in
connection with for feature of seat.

If the candidate uses objection able,

abusive or offensive language in the Cancellation of the performance in that
5 answer paper or in letters to the examiners course.
or writes to the examiner requesting him
to award pass marks.
If the candidate refuses too by the orders In case of students of the college, they shall
of the Chief Superintendent/Assistant - be expelled from examination halls and
Superintendent / any Officer on dutyor cancellation of their performance in that
6 misbehaves or creates disturbance of any course and all other courses the
kind in and around the examination hall candidate(s) has (have) already appeared
or organizes a Walkout or instigates and shall not be permitted to appear for the
others to walkout, remaining examinations of the courses
of that semester / year. The candidates also

Page 23
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

or threatens the officer-in charge or any are debarred and forfeit their seats. In case
person on duty in or outside the of outsiders, they will be handed over to the
examination hall of any injury to his police and a police case is registered
person or to any of his relations whether against them.
by words, either spoken or written or by
signs or by visible representation , assaults
the officer – in –charge ,or any person on
duty in or outside the examination hall or
any of his relations, or in dulges in any
other act of mis conduct or mischief
which result in damage to or destruction
of property in the examination hall or any
part of the College campus or engages in
any other act which in the opinion of the
officer on duty amounts to use of unfair
means or misconduct or has the tendency
to disrupt the orderly conduct of the
examination.

Expulsion from the examination hall and

cancellation of performance in that course
and all the other courses the candidate has
already appeared including practical
If the candidate leaves the exam hall examinations and project work and shall
taking away answer script or intentionally not be permitted for the remaining
7 tears of the script or any part there of examinations of the courses of that
inside or outside the examination hall. semester / year. The candidate is also
debarred for two consecutive semesters
from class work and all examinations. The
continuation of the course by the candidate
is subject to the academic regulations in
connection with for feature of seat.

Expulsion from the examination hall and

cancellation of the performance in that
course and all other courses the candidate
If the candidate possesses any lethal has already appeared including practical
8 weapon or fire are min the examination examinations and project work and shall
hall. not be permitted for the remaining
examinations of the courses of that
semester / year. The candidate is also
debarred and forfeits the seat.
If student of the college, who is not a Student of the college, expulsion from the
candidate for the particular examination examination hall and cancellation of the
or any person not connected with the performance in that course and all other
9 courses the candidate has already appeared
college indulges in any malpractice or
improper conduct mentioned in clause including practical examinations and
6to8. project work and shall not be permitted for
the remaining examinations of the courses

Page 24
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

of that semester / year. The candidate is

also debarred and forfeits the seat.
Person(s) who do not belong to the College
will be handed over to police and. A police
case will be registered against them.

Expulsion from the examination hall and

cancellation of the performance in that
course and all other courses the candidate
If the candidate comes in a drunken has already appeared including practical
10
condition to the examination hall. examinations and project work and shall
not be permitted for the remaining
examinations of the courses of that
semester / year.
Cancellation of the performance in that
Copying detected on the basis of internal course and all other courses the candidate
11 evidence, such as, during valuation or has appeared including practical
during specials crutiny. examinations and project work of that
semester / year examinations.
If any malpractice is detected which is not
covered in the above clauses 1 to 11 shall
12 be reported to the Academic committee of
the Institute for further action to award
suitable punishment.

32. UGC RECOMMENDED PUNISHMENT FOR RAGGING

i. Suspension from attending classes and academic privileges
ii. With holding / withdrawing scholarships / fellowship and other benefits.
iii. Debarring from appearing in any test / examination or other evaluation
process with holding results
iv. Debarring from representing the institution in any regional, national
or international meet, tournament, youth festival etc.
v. Suspension / expulsion from the hostel
vi. Cancellation of admission
vii. Rustication from the institution for period ranging from 1 to 4 semesters.
viii. Expulsion from the institution and consequent debarring from admission
to any other institution for a specified period.
ix. Fine may extend upto Rs. 2.5lakh.

***

Page 25
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

B.TECH. -ECE –COURSE STRUCTURE–VR23

I Year I Semester
S.No. Course
Code Category Course Name L T P Credits

1. 1000231101 BS Linear Algebra & Calculus 3 1 0 3

2. 1001231101 ES/CIVIL Basic Civil & Mechanical Engineering 3 1 0 3

3. 1000231102 BS Engineering Physics 3 1 0 3

4. 1000231104 HS Communicative English 2 0 0 2

5. 1002231101 ES/EEE Basic Electrical &Electronics Engineering 3 1 0 3

6. 1000231110 BS Engineering Physics Lab 0 0 2 1

7. 1002231110 Electrical &Electronics Engineering
0 0 3 1.5
ES/EEE workshop
8. 1005231110 PC/CSE IT Workshop 0 0 2 1
9. 1000231111 HS Communicative English Lab 0 0 2 1
10. 1000231120 NSS/NCC/Scouts &Guides/Community
0 0 1 0.5
MC Service
Total Credits 19

I Year II Semester
S.No Course
. Code Category Course Name L T P Credits
1. 1003231101 ES/MECH Engineering Graphics 1 0 4 3
2. 1000231103 BS Chemistry 3 1 0 3
3. 1005231101 ES/CSE 3 1 0 3
Introduction to Programming
4. 1000231201 BS 3 1 0 3
Differential Equations and Vector calculus
5. 1002231202 Network Analysis 3 1 0 3
PC/EEE
6. 1000231112 BS Chemistry Lab 0 0 2 1
7. 1005231111 ES/CSE 0 0 3 1.5
Computer Programming Lab
8. 1003231110 ES/MECH Engineering Workshop 0 0 3 1.5
9. 1002231211 PC/EEE Network Analysis and Simulation Lab 0 0 3 1.5
10. 1000231121 MC Health and Wellness,Yoga and Sports 0 0 1 0.5

Total Credits 21

Page 26
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year I Semester
S.No. Course
Code Category Course Name L T P Credits

1. 1000232104 BS Random Variables and Stochastic 3 0 0 3

2. 1099232101 Universal Human Values–
HSM Understanding Harmony and
2 1 0 3
C EthicalHuman Conduct
3. 1004232101 ES Signals and Systems 3 0 0 3
4. 1004232102 PCC Electronic Devices and Circuits 3 0 0 3
5. 1004232103 PCC Digital Circuits Design 3 0 0 3
6. 1004232110 PCC Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab 0 0 3 1.5
7. 1004232111 PCC Digital Design & Signal Simulation lab 0 0 3 1.5
8. 1004232180 SEC Python Programming 0 1 2 2
9. 1001232125 Audit Environmental Science
2 0 0 -
Course
Total Credits 20

II Year II Semester
S.No Course
. Code Category Course Name L T P Credits
1099232201 Managerial Economics and Financial
1. HSMC Analysis 2 0 0 2
E
2. 1004232201 Linear Control Systems 3 0 0 3
S
3. 1004232202 PCC EM Waves and Transmission Lines 3 0 0 3
4. 1004232203 PCC Analog Circuits Design 3 0 0 3
5. 1004232204 PCC Analog and Digital Communications 3 0 0 3
1.
6. 1004232210 PCC Analog Circuits Design Lab 0 0 3
5
1.
7. 1004232211 PCC Analog and Digital Communications 0 0 3
5
8. 1004232280 SEC Soft Skills 0 1 2 2
10032322
Total Credits 01

Page 27
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year I Semester
SYLLABUS

Page 28
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – I Semester LINEAR ALGEBRA& CALCULUS L T P C

Course Code (Common to All Branches of Engineering)
3 0 0 3
(1000231101)

Course Objectives:
To equip the students with standard concepts and tools of mathematics to handle various
real-world problems and their applications.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
 Develop matrix algebra techniques that is needed by engineers for practical
applications.
 Familiarize with functions of several variables which is useful in optimization.
 Learn important tools of calculus in higher dimensions.
 Familiarize with double and triple integrals of functions of several variable sin two
and three dimensions.

UNIT I Matrices
Rank of a matrix by echelon form, normal form. Inverse of Non- singular matrices by Gauss-
Jordan method, System of linear equations: Solving system of Homogeneous and Non-
Homogeneous equations by Gauss elimination method, Gauss Seidel Iteration Method.

UNIT II Linear Transformation and Orthogonal Transformation:

Eigen values, Eigen vectors and their properties (without proof), Diagonalization of a matrix,
Cayley -Hamilton Theorem (without proof), finding inverse and power of a matrix by Cayley
– Hamilton Theorem, Quadratic forms and Nature of the Quadratic Forms, Reduction of
Quadratic form to canonical forms by Orthogonal Transformation.

UNIT III Mean Value Theorems

Rolle’s Theorem, Lagrange’s mean value theorem with their geometrical interpretation,
Cauchy’s mean value theorem, Taylor’s and Maclaurin theorems with remainders (without
proof), and problems on the above theorems.

UNIT IV Partial differentiation and Applications

Partial derivatives, total derivatives, chain rule, change of variables, Taylor’s and
Maclaurin’s series expansion of functions of two variables. Jacobians, maxima and minima
of functions of two variables, method of Lagrange multipliers.

UNIT V Multiple Integrals

Double integrals, triple integrals, change of order of integration, change of variables to
polar coordinates. Finding areas and volumes in Cartesian coordinates.

Textbooks:
1. B. S. Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics,44/e,Khanna Publishers,2017.
2. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e, John Wiley & Sons, 2018.

Reference Books:

1. R.K. Jain and S.R.K. Iyengar, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 5/e, Alpha Science
International Ltd., 2021 (9th reprint).
2. George B.Thomas, Maurice D. Weir and Joel Hass, Thomas Calculus, 14/e, Pearson
Publishers, 2018.
3. Glyn James, Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics, 5/e, Pearson publishers, 2018.
4. Michael Green berg, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th edition, Pearson edn

Page 29
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – I Semester L T P C
BASIC CIVIL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(Common to CE, ME, IT, CSE, CSE(DS), CSE(CS), CSE(AI)
Course Code 3 0 0 3
(1001231101)

Course Objectives:

 Get familiarized with the scope and importance of Civil Engineering sub - divisions.
 Introduce the preliminary concepts of surveying.
 Acquire preliminary knowledge on
 Transportation and its importance in nation’s economy.
 Get familiarized with the importance of quality, conveyance and storage of water.
 Introduction to basic civil engineering materials and construction techniques.

Course Outcomes: On completion of the course, the student should be able to:

CO1: Understand various sub-divisions of Civil Engineering and to appreciate

their role in ensuring better society.
CO2: Know the concepts of surveying and to understand the measurement of
distances, angles and levels through surveying.
CO3: Realize the importance of Transportation in nation’ s economy and the
engineering measures related to Transportation.
CO4: Understand the importance of Water Storage and Conveyance Structures so that
the social responsibilities of water conservation will be appreciated.
CO5: Understand the basic characteristics of Civil Engineering Materials and attain
knowledge on prefabricated technology.

UNIT I
Basics of Civil Engineering: Role of Civil Engineers in Society- Various Disciplines of Civil
Engineering-Structural Engineering-Geo- technical Engineering-Transportation Engineering
Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering - Environmental Engineering-Scope of each
discipline-Building Construction and Planning – Construction Materials - Cement – Aggregate –
Bricks – Cement concrete- Steel. Introduction to Prefabricated construction Techniques.
UNITII
Surveying: Objectives of Surveying - Horizontal Measurements – Angular Measurements-
Introduction to Bearings leveling instruments used for level ling-Simple problem son leveling and
bearings-Contour mapping.

UNIT III
Transportation Engineering Importance of Transportation in Nation's economic
development- Types of Highway Pavements- Flexible Pavements and Rigid Pavements-Simple
Differences. Basics of Harbour, Tunnel, Airport, and Railway Engineering

Water Resources and Environmental Engineering: Introduction, Sources of water-

Quality of water- Specifications- Introduction to Hydrology– Rain water Harvesting-
Water Storage and Conveyance Structures (Simple introduction to Dams and Reservoirs).

Page 30
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Textbooks:

1. Basic Civil Engineering, M. S. Palanisamy,Tata Mcgraw Hill publications

(India) Pvt. Ltd. Fourth Edition.
2. Introduction to Civil Engineering, S.S.Bhavikatti, New Age International
Publishers. 2022. First Edition.
3. Basic Civil Engineering, Satheesh Gopi, Pearson Publications, 2009, First Edition.

Reference Books:

1. Surveying,Vol-I and Vol-II, S.K.Duggal, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers 2019.

Fifth Edition.
2. Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Santosh Kumar Garg, Khanna
Publishers, Delhi.2016
3. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures-Santosh Kumar Garg, Khanna
Publishers, Delhi 2023. 38th Edition.
4. Highway Engineering, S. K. Khanna, C.E.G. Justoand Veeraraghavan,
Nemchandand Brothers Publications 2019. 10th Edition.
5. Indian Standard DRINKING WATER — SPECIFICATION IS 10500 -2012.

PARTB: BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Course Objectives: The students after completing the course are expected to’

 Get familiarized with the scope and importance of Mechanical Engineering in

different sectors and industries.
 Explain different engineering materials and different manufacturing processes.
 Provide an overview of different thermal and mechanical transmission systems and
introduce basics of robotics and its applications.

Course Outcomes: On completion of the course, the student should be able to

CO1: Understand the different manufacturing processes.

CO2: Explain the basics of thermal engineering and its applications.
CO3: Describe the working of different mechanical power transmission systems and
power plants
CO4: Describe the basics of robotics and its applications.

UNIT I
Introduction to Mechanical Engineering: Role of Mechanical Engineering in
Industries and Society-Technologies in different sectors such as Energy,
Manufacturing, Automotive, Aerospace, and Marine sectors.

Engineering Materials - Metals-Ferrous and Non-ferrous, Ceramics, Composites,

Smart materials.

Page 31
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT II

Manufacturing Processes: Principles of Casting, Forming, joining processes,Machining,

Introduction to CNC machines,3D printing, and Smart manufacturing.

Thermal Engineering–working principle of Boilers, Ottocycle, Diesel cycle,Refrigeration

and air-conditioning cycles, IC engines, 2-Stroke and 4-Stroke engines, SI/CI Engines,
Components of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles.

UNIT III

Power plants – working principle of Steam, Diesel, Hydro, Nuclear power plants.

Mechanical Power Transmission - Belt Drives, Chain, Rope drives, Gear Drives
and their applications.

Introduction to Robotics- Joints & links, configurations, and application so frobotics.

(Note: The subject covers only the basic principles of Civil and Mechanical
Engineering systems. The evaluation shall be intended to test only the
Fundamentals of the subject)

Textbooks:

1. Internal Combustion Engines by V. Ganesan, By Tata McGraw Hill

publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.
2. A Tear book of Theory of Machines by S.S.Rattan, Tata McGraw
Hill Publications, (India) Pvt. Ltd.
3. An introduction to Mechanical Engg by Jonathan Wicker and Kemper
Lewis, Cengage learning India Pvt. Ltd.

Reference Books:

1. Appuu Kuttan K K, Robotics, I. K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Volume-I

2. 3D printing & Additive Manufacturing Technology-L. Jyothish
Kumar, Pulak M Pandey, Springer publications
3. Thermal Engineering by Mahesh M Rathore Tata McGraw Hill
publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.
4. G.Shanmugam and M.S.Palanisamy, Basic Civil and the Mechanical
Engineering,Tata McGraw Hill publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Page 32
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – I Semester ENGINEERING PHYSICS L T P C

(Common for all branches of Engineering) 3 0 0 3
Course Code (1000231102)

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. Bridging the gap between the Physics in school at 10+2 level and UG level engineering
courses.
2. To identify the importance of the optical phenomenon. interference, diffraction and
polarization related to its Engineering applications
3. Enlighten the periodic arrangement of atoms in Crystalline solids by Bragg’s law
4. To explain the significant concepts of dielectric and magnetic materials that leads to
potential applications in the emerging micro devices.
5. Enlightenment of the concepts of Quantum Mechanics and to provide fundamentals of
deBroglie matter waves, quantum mechanical wave equation and its application, the
importance of free electron theory for metals.
6. To Understand the Physics of Semiconductors and their working mechanism, Concept
utilization of transport phenomenon of charge carriers in semiconductors.

COURSE OUTCOMES

CO1. Explain the need of coherent sources and the conditions for sustained
interference (L2).
Identify the applications of interference in engineering (L3).
Analyze the differences between interference and diffraction with applications (L4).
Illustrate the concept of polarization of light and its applications (L2).
Classify ordinary refracted light and extraordinary refracted rays by their states of
polarization (L2)
CO2. Classify various crystal systems (L2).
Identify different planes in the crystal structure (L3).
Analyze the crystalline structure by Bragg’s X-ray diffractometer (L4).
CO3. Explain the concept of dielectric constant and polarization in dielectric
materials (L2).
Summarize various types of polarization of dielectrics (L2).
Interpret Lorentz field and Claussius - Mosotti relation in dielectrics (L2).
Classify the magnetic materials based on susceptibility and their temperature
dependence (L2).

CO4. Describe the dual nature of matter (L1).

Explain the significance of wave function (L2).
Identify the role of Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation in studying
particle in one- dimensional infinite potential well (L3).
Identify the role of classical and quantum free electron theory in the study of
electrical conductivity (L3).

CO5. Classify the crystalline solids (L2).

Outline the properties of charge carriers in semiconductors (L2).
Identify the type of semiconductor using Hall effect (L2).
Apply the concept of effective mass of electron (L3).

Page 33
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Unit-I: Wave Optics

Interference: Introduction - Principle of superposition –Interference of light - Interference in

thin films (Reflection Geometry) & applications - Colors in thin films- Newton’s Rings-
Determination of wavelength and refractive index.

Diffraction: Introduction - Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffractions - Fraunhofer diffraction due to

single slit, double slit & Diffraction Grating (Qualitative).

Polarization: Introduction -Types of polarization - Polarization by reflection, and Double

refraction - Nicol’s Prism -Half wave and Quarter wave plates.

Unit Outcomes:
The students will be able to
 Explain the need of coherent sources and the conditions for sustained interference (L2)
 Identify engineering applications of interference (L3)
 Illustrate the concept of polarization of light and its applications (L2)
 Classify ordinary polarized light and extraordinary polarized light (L2)

Unit II: Crystallography

Crystallography: Space lattice, Basis, Unit Cell and lattice parameters – Bravais Lattices – crystal
systems (3D) – coordination number - packing fraction of SC, BCC & FCC - Miller indices –
separation between successive (hkl) planes. Bragg’s law - X-ray Diffractometer.

Unit Outcomes:
The students will be able to
 Classify various crystal systems (L2)
 Identify different planes in the crystal structure (L3)
 Analyze the crystalline structure by Bragg’s X-ray diffractometer (L4)

Unit-III: Dielectric and Magnetic Materials

Dielectric Materials: Introduction - Dielectric polarization - Dielectric polarizability,

Susceptibility, Dielectric constant and Displacement Vector - Types of polarizations-
Electronic (Quantitative), Ionic (Quantitative) and Orientation polarizations (Qualitative) -
Lorentz internal field - Clausius-Mossotti equation.

Magnetic Materials: Introduction - Magnetic dipole moment - Magnetization-Magnetic

susceptibility and permeability - Classification of magnetic materials: Dia, para, Ferro, antiferro
& Ferri magnetic materials - Domain concept for Ferromagnetism (Qualitative) - Hysteresis - soft
and hard magnetic materials.

Unit Outcomes:
The students will be able to
 Explain the concept of dielectric constant and polarization in dielectric materials (L2)
 Summarize various types of polarization of dielectrics (L2)
 Interpret Lorentz field and Claussius- Mosotti relation in dielectrics(L2)
 Classify the magnetic materials based on susceptibility and their temperature
dependence(L2)

Page 34
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Unit-IV: Quantum Mechanics and Free electron theory

Quantum Mechanics: Dual nature of matter - Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle –

Significance and properties of wave function – Schrodinger’s time independent and dependent
Wave equations– Particle in a one-dimensional infinite potential well.

Free Electron Theory: Classical free electron theory (Qualitative with discussion of merits and
demerits) – Quantum free electron theory – electrical conductivity based on quantum free
electron theory - Fermi-Dirac distribution and its temperature dependence.

Unit Outcomes:
The students will be able to
 Explain the concept of dual nature of matter (L2)
 Understand the significance of wave function (L2)
 Interpret the concepts of classical and quantum free electron theories (L2)

Unit – V: Semiconductors

Semiconductors: Formation of energy bands – classification of crystalline solids - Intrinsic

semiconductors: Density of charge carriers – Electrical conductivity – Extrinsic semiconductors:
density of charge carriers - Drift and diffusion currents – Einstein’s equation - Hall effect and its
Applications.

Unit Outcomes:
The students will be able to
 Outline the properties of charge carriers in semiconductors (L2)
 Understand the carrier transportation in semiconductors (L2)
 Identify the type of semiconductor using Hall effect (L2)

Text books:

 A Text book of Engineering Physics” - M. N. Avadhanulu, P.G.Kshirsagar & TVS

ArunMurthy, S.Chand Publications, 11th Edition 2019.
 “Engineering Physics” - D.K.Bhattacharya and Poonam Tandon, Oxford press (2015).
 “Engineering Physics” - P.K.Palanisamy SciTech publications.

Reference Books:
 “Fundamentals of Physics” - Halliday, Resnick and Walker, John Wiley &Sons.
 “Engineering Physics” - M.R. Srinivasan, New Age international publishers (2009).
 “Engineering Physics” - Shatendra Sharma, Jyotsna Sharma, Pearson Education, 2018.
 “Engineering Physics” - Sanjay D. Jain, D. Sahasrabudhe and Girish, University Press.
 “Semiconductor physics and devices:Basic principle” - A. Donald, Neamen, Mc GrawHill.
 “Engineering Physics” - B.K. Pandey and S. Chaturvedi, Cengage Learning
 “Solid state physics” – A.J.Dekker ,Pan Macmillan publishers
 “Introduction to Solid State Physics” -Charles Kittel, Wiley

Page 35
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – I Semester COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH L T P C

(Common to All Branches of 2 0 0 2
Course Code Engineering)
(1000231104)
Course Objectives:
The main objective of introducing this course, Communicative English, is to facilitate using Listening,
Reading, Speaking and Writing skills effectively by the students. It should result in their better
comprehending abilities, oral presentations, reporting useful information and with enhanced knowledge
of grammatical structures and vocabulary. This course helps the students in using speaking and writing
(productive) skills more efficiently and to make them industry-ready.
Course Outcomes
 By the end of the course the students will have Learned how to understand the context, topic,
and specificinformation from social or transactional dialogues.
 Remedially learn applying grammatical structures to formulate sentence sand use appropriate
words andcorrect word forms.
 Using discourse markers to speak clearly on a specific topic in formal as well as informal
discussions. 
(notrequired)
 Improved communicative competence in formal and informal contexts and for social and
academicpurposes.
 Critically comprehending and appreciating reading/listening texts and to write summaries and
reviews based on global comprehension of these texts.
 Writing coherent paragraphs, paraphrase, essays, letters/e-mails and resume.

Instructions:
1. The reading texts can be given as podcasts to the students so that their listening skills can be
enhanced.
2. While listening and reading to the text can be given as homework, the class work for the students
can be to discuss and critically evaluate the texts based on the context, purpose or writing the text
and understandingit from the author’s as well as reader’s point of view.
3. Reading as habit for both academic and non-academic (pleasure) purposes has to be inculcated in
the students. So, training has to be given in intensive and extensive reading strategies.
4. Writing for both academic (assignments, examinations, reports, e-mails/letters etc)
5. The writing tasks given in the class are to be self and peer evaluated by the students before they are
finally graded by the faculty.
Note: Please note that the texts given here are just contexts for teaching various language
skills and sub skills. The students’ ability to use language cannot be confined to
comprehending or using the language related to the given texts (textbooks). The given
texts can be used only for practice.
6. All the activities to develop language skills have to be integrated and interconnected, within
each unitand across the units.
7. Use as many supplementary materials as possible in various modes (Audio, visual and printed
versions) in the classroom so that the students get multimode input and will know how to use
language skills in the absence of the teacher.

Page 36
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT I
Lesson: HUMAN VALUES: A Power of a Plate of Rice by Ifeoma Okoye (Short story)

Listening: Identifying the topic, the context and specific pieces of information by listening to short
audio texts and answering a series of questions.
Speaking: Asking and answering general questions on familiar topics such as home, family,
work,studies and interests, introducing oneself and others.
Reading: Skimming to get the main idea of a text; scanning to look for specific pieces of information.
Writing: E-Mail writing
Mechanics of Writing-Capitalization, Spellings, and Punctuation- Parts
of Sentences. (That has to be part of the bridge course- 2 weeks before the actual academic
programme starts)
Grammar: Parts of Speech, Basic Sentence Structures-forming questions
Vocabulary: Synonyms, Antonyms, Affixes (Prefixes/Suffixes), Root words.

UNIT II
Lesson: NATURE: Night of the Scorpion by Nissim Ezekiel (Indian and contemporary)

Listening: Answering a series of questions about main ideas and supporting ideas after listening to
audio texts.
Speaking: Discussion in pairs/small groups on specific topics followed by short structure talks and
Book/movie/article review.
Reading: Identifying sequence of ideas; recognizing verbal techniques that help to link the ideas
in a paragraph together.
Writing: Structure of a paragraph - Paragraph writing (specific topics).
Grammar: Cohesive devices - linkers, use of articles and zero article prepositions.
Vocabulary: Homonyms, Homophones, Homographs.

UNIT III
Lesson: BIOGRAPHY: Steve Jobs
Listening: Listening for global comprehension and summarizing what is listened to.
Speaking: Discussing specific topics in pairs or small groups and reporting what is discussed.
Reading: Reading a text in detail by making basic inferences-recognizing and interpreting
specificcontext clues; strategies to use text clues for comprehension.
Writing: Summarizing, Note-making, Paraphrasing.
Grammar: Verbs - tenses; subject-verb agreement; Compound words, Collocations.
Vocabulary: Compound words, Collocations

Page 37
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT IV
Lesson: INSPIRATION: The Toys of Peace by Saki
Listening: Making predictions while listening to conversations/ transactional dialogues
without video;listening with video.
Speaking: Role plays for practice of conversational English in academic contexts (formal and
informal) - asking for and giving information/directions.
Reading: Studying the use of graphical elements in texts to convey information,
reveal trends/patterns/relationships, communicate processes or display complicated data.
Writing: Letter Writing: Official Letters
Grammar: Active & Passive Voice
Vocabulary: Words often confused, Jargons
UNIT V
Lesson: MOTIVATION: The Power of Intrapersonal Communication (An Essay)
Listening: Identifying key terms, understanding concepts and answering a series of relevant questions that test
comprehension.
Speaking: Formal oral presentations on topics from academic contexts.
Reading: Reading comprehension.
Writing: Writings structured essays on specific topics.
Grammar: Editing short texts, identifying and correcting common errors in grammar and usage. (Articles,
prepositions, tenses, subject-verb agreement).
Vocabulary: Technical Jargons.
Text books:
1. Pathfinder: Communicative English for Undergraduate Students, 1st Edition,Orient Black Swan,
2023 (Units 1, 2 & 3).
2. Empowering English by Cengage Publications, 2023 (Units 4 & 5).
Suggestion: Instead of giving the syllabus in the form of textbooks it would be better to procure
the soft copies of individual texts (stories or poems or biographies and non-fiction texts) by the
university and make them available on the university website for registered students to access
and download.
Reference Books:
1. Dubey, Sham Ji & Co. English for Engineers, Vikas Publishers, 2020.
2. Bailey, Stephen. Academic writing: A Handbook for International Students. Routledge,2014.
3. Murphy, Raymond. English Grammar in Use, Fourth Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2019.
4. Lewis, Norman. Word Power Made Easy- The Complete Handbook for Building a Superior
Vocabulary.Anchor, 2014.
Web Resources:
GRAMMAR:
1. www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/

Page 38
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – II L T P Credits
BASIC ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
Semester
ENGINEERING
Course Code (Common to All branches of Engineering)
3 0 0 3
1002231101

Course Objectives:
To expose to the field of electrical & electronics engineering, laws and principles of electrical/
electronic engineering and to acquire fundamental knowledge in the relevant field.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course students will be able to

Course Outcome
Remember the fundamental laws, operating principles of motors, generators, MC and MI
CO1
instruments.
Understand the problem-solving concepts associated to AC and DC circuits, construction
and operation of AC and DC machines, measuring instruments; different power generation
CO2
mechanisms, Electricity billing concept and important safety measures related to electrical
operations.
Apply mathematical tools and fundamental concepts to derive various equations related to
CO3 machines, circuits and measuring instruments; electricity bill calculations and layout
representation of electrical power systems.
CO4 Analyze different electrical circuits, performance of machines and measuring instruments.
Evaluate different circuit configurations, Machine performance and Power systems
CO5
operation.

PART A: BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

UNIT-I: DC & AC circuits (8 Hours)

DC Circuits: Electrical circuit elements (R, L and C), Ohm’s Law and its limitations, KCL &
KVL, series, parallel, series-parallel circuits, Super Position theorem, Simple numerical problems.
AC Circuits: A.C. Fundamentals: Equation of AC Voltage and current, waveform, time
period, frequency, amplitude, phase, phase difference, average value, RMS value, form factor,
peak factor, Voltage and current relationship with phasor diagrams in R, L, and C circuits, Concept
of Impedance, Active power, reactive power and apparent power, Concept of power factor
(Simple Numerical problems).
UNIT-II: Machines and Measuring Instruments (8 Hours)
Machines: Construction, principle and operation of (i) DC Generator, (ii) Single Phase Transformer
and (iii) Three Phase Induction Motor, Applications of electrical machines.
Measuring Instruments: Construction and working principle of Permanent Magnet Moving
Coil (PMMC), Moving Iron (MI) Instruments and Wheat Stone bridge.
UNIT-III: Electricity Bill & Safety Measures (8 Hours)
Electricity bill: Power rating of household appliances including air conditioners, PCs, Laptops,
Printers, etc. Definition of “unit” used for consumption of electrical energy, two-part electricity
tariff, calculation of electricity bill for domestic consumers.
Equipment Safety Measures: Working principle of Fuse and Miniature circuit breaker (MCB),
merits and demerits. Personal safety measures: Electric Shock, Earthing and its types, Safety
Precautions to avoid shock.

Page 39
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Text Books:

1) Basic Electrical Engineering, D. C. Kulshreshtha, Tata McGraw Hill, 2019, First Edition
2) Power System Engineering, P.V. Gupta, M.L. Soni, U.S. Bhatnagar and A. Chakrabarti,
Dhanpat Rai & Co, 2013
3) Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, Rajendra Prasad, PHI publishers, 2014, Third Edition
Reference Books:

1. Basic Electrical Engineering, D. P. Kothari and I. J. Nagrath, Mc Graw Hill, 2019, Fourth
Edition
2. Principles of Power Systems, V.K. Mehtha, S.Chand Technical Publishers, 2020
3. Basic Electrical Engineering, T. K. Nagsarkar and M. S. Sukhija, Oxford University Press, 2017
4. Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S. K. Bhatacharya, Person Publications, 2018,
Second Edition.
E-Resources:

1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108105053
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108108076

PART B: BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Course Objectives:

 To teach the fundamentals of semiconductor devices and its applications, principles of

digitalelectronics

UNIT I SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

Introduction - Evolution of electronics – Vacuum tubes to nano electronics - Characteristics of PN

Junction Diode — Zener Effect — Zener Diode and its Characteristics. Bipolar Junction Transistor
— CB, CE, CC Configurations and Characteristics.

UNIT II BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AND INSTRUMENTTAION

Rectifiers and power supplies: Block diagram description of a dc power supply, working of a full
wave bridge rectifier, capacitor filter (no analysis), working of simple zener voltage regulator.
Amplifiers: Block diagram of Public Address system. Electronic Instrumentation: Block diagram of
an electronic instrumentation system.

UNIT III DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Overview of Number Systems, Logic gates including Universal Gates, BCD codes, Excess- 3 code,
Gray code, Hamming code. Boolean Algebra, Basic Theorems and properties of Boolean Algebra,
Truth Tables and Functionality of Logic Gates – NOT, OR, AND, NOR, NAND, XOR and XNOR.
Simple combinational circuits–Half and Full Adders.

Page 40
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Textbooks:

1. R. L. Boylestad & Louis Nashlesky, Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory,Pearson

Education, 2021.
2. R. P. Jain, Modern Digital Electronics, 4th Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2009

Reference Books:

1. R. S. Sedha, A Textbook of Electronic Devices and Circuits, S. Chand & Co, 2010.
2. Santiram Kal, Basic Electronics- Devices, Circuits and IT Fundamentals, Prentice
Hall,India, 2002.
3. R. T. Paynter, Introductory Electronic Devices & Circuits – Conventional Flow
Version,Pearson Education,2009

Page 41
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – I Semester ENGINEERING PHYSICS LAB L T P C

Course Code: (Common to All Branches of Engineering)
0 0 2 1
(1000231110)

Course Objectives:

To study the concepts of optical phenomenon like interference, diffraction etc., recognize the
importance of energy gap in the study of conductivity and Hall effect in semiconductors and study
the parameters and applications of dielectric and magnetic materials by conducting experiments.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Identify the mechanical behavior and mechanical parameters of materials.
CO2: Interpret some of the physical parameters based on optical phenomena.
CO3: Identify the characteristics of semiconducting materials, magnetic materials and dielectrics.
CO4: Estimate the parameters by diffraction techniques

List of Experiments:

1. Determination of radius of curvature of a given Plano-convex lens by Newton’s rings.

2. Determination of wavelengths of different spectral lines in mercury spectrum using
diffraction grating in normal incidence configuration.
3. Verification of Brewster’s law
4. Determination of dielectric constant for a dielectric substance using dielectric constant
apparatus
5. Study the variation of B versus H by magnetizing the magnetic material (B-H curve).
6. Determination of wavelength of Laser light using diffraction grating.
7. Estimation of Planck’s constant using photo cell.
8. Determination of the resistivity of semiconductors by four probe methods.
9. To study V-I characteristics of a PN junction diode in forward and reverse biasing
conditions.
10. Magnetic field along the axis of a current carrying circular coil by Stewart Gee’s Method.
11. Determination of Hall voltage and Hall coefficient of a given semiconductor using Hall effect.
12. Determination of temperature coefficients of a thermistor.
13. Determination of acceleration due to gravity and radius of Gyration by using a compound
pendulum.
14. Determination of magnetic susceptibility by Kundt’s tube method.
15. Determination of rigidity modulus of the material of the given wire using Torsional pendulum.
16. Sonometer: Verification of laws of stretched string.
17. Determination of young’s modulus for the given material of wooden scale by non-uniform
bending (or double cantilever) method.
18. Determination of Frequency of electrically maintained tuning fork by Melde’s experiment.
19. Study of V-I characteristics of solar cell
20. Determine of laser bean divergence and spot size of a diode laser beam

Page 42
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Note: Any TEN of the listed experiments are to be conducted. Out of which any TWO experiments
maybe conducted in virtual mode.

References:

 A Textbook of Practical Physics - S. Balasubramanian, M.N. Srinivasan, S. Chand

Publishers,2017.
 Physics Laboratory Manual for Undergraduate students – Dr. Santosh Kumar Alla,
Dr. Ch. V. V. Ramana, Dr. T. Lakshmana Rao, Dr. R. Hanumantha Rao.

Web Resources

 www.vlab.co.in
 https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/filter?subjects=physics&type=html,prototype

Page 43
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – I
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS L T P Credits
Semester
ENGINEERING WORKSHOP
Course Code:
1002231110
(Common to All branches of Engineering) 0 0 3 1.5

Course Objectives:
To impart knowledge on the fundamental laws & theorems of electrical circuits, functions of
electrical machines and energy calculations.

Course Outcomes:

Course Outcome
Understand the Electrical circuit design concept; measurement of resistance, power,
CO1
power factor; concept of wiring and operation of Electrical Machines and Transformer.
Apply the theoretical concepts and operating principles to derive mathematical models
CO2 for circuits, Electrical machines and measuring instruments; calculations for the
measurement of resistance, power and power factor.
Apply the theoretical concepts to obtain calculations for the measurement of resistance,
CO3
power and power factor.
Analyse various characteristics of electrical circuits, electrical machines and measuring
CO4
instruments.
Design suitable circuits and methodologies for the measurement of various electrical
CO5
parameters; Household and commercial wiring.

Activities:

1. Familiarization of commonly used Electrical & Electronic Workshop Tools: Bread board,
Solder, cables, relays, switches, connectors, fuses, Cutter, plier, screwdriver set, wire stripper,
flux, knife/blade, soldering iron, de-soldering pump etc.
 Provide some exercises so that hardware tools and instruments are learned to be used by
the students.
2. Familiarization of Measuring Instruments like Voltmeters, Ammeters, multimeter, LCR-Q
meter, Power Supplies, CRO, DSO, Function Generator, Frequency counter.
 Provide some exercises so that measuring instruments are learned to be used by the students.
3. Components:
 Familiarization/Identification of components (Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors,
Diodes, transistors, IC’s etc.) – Functionality, type, size, colour coding package, symbol,
cost etc.
 Testing of components like Resistor, Capacitor, Diode, Transistor, ICs etc. - Compare values
of components like resistors, inductors, capacitors etc with the measured values by
using instruments

Page 44
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

PART-A: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

List of Experiments:

1. Verification of KCL and KVL

2. Verification of Superposition theorem
3. Measurement of Resistance using Wheat stone bridge
4. Magnetization Characteristics of DC shunt Generator
5. Measurement of Power and Power factor using Single-phase wattmeter
6. Measurement of Earth Resistance using Megger
7. Calculation of Electrical Energy for Domestic Premises
Reference Books:

1. Basic Electrical Engineering, D. C. Kulshreshtha, Tata McGraw Hill, 2019, First Edition
2. Power System Engineering, P.V. Gupta, M.L. Soni, U.S. Bhatnagar and A. Chakrabarti, Dhanpat
Rai & Co, 2013
3. Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, Rajendra Prasad, PHI publishers, 2014, Third Edition
Note: Minimum Six Experiments to be performed.

PART B: ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB

Course Objectives:

 To impart knowledge on the principles of digital electronics and fundamentals of

electron devices & its applications.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to

CO1: Identify & testing of various electronic components.

CO2: Understand the usage of electronic measuring instruments.
CO3: Plot and discuss the characteristics of various electron devices.
CO4: Explain the operation of a digital circuit.

List of Experiments:

1. Plot V-I characteristics of PN Junction diode A) Forward bias B) Reverse bias.

2. Plot V – I characteristics of Zener Diode and its application as voltage Regulator.
3. Implementation of half wave and full wave rectifiers
4. Plot Input & Output characteristics of BJT in CE and CB configurations
5. Verification of Truth Table of AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR, Ex-NOR
gatesusing ICs.
6. Verification of Truth Tables of S-R, J-K& D flip flops using respective ICs.

Tools / Equipment Required: DC Power supplies, Multi meters, DC Ammeters, DC

Voltmeters,AC Voltmeters, CROs, all the required active devices.

Page 45
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

References:
1. R. L. Boylestad & Louis Nashlesky, Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory,
PearsonEducation, 2021.
2. R. P. Jain, Modern Digital Electronics, 4th Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2009
3. R. T. Paynter, Introductory Electronic Devices & Circuits – Conventional Flow
Version,Pearson Education,2009.

Note: All the experiments shall be implementedusing both Hardware and Software

Page 46
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – I Semester IT WORKSHOP L T P C

(Common to All branches of Engineering) 0 0 2 1
Course Code: (1005231110)

Course Objectives:
To introduce the internal parts of a computer, peripherals, I/O ports, connecting cables
 To demonstrate configuring the system as Dual boot both Windows and other
Operating Systems Viz. Linux, BOSS
 To teach basic command line interface commands on Linux.
 To teach the usage of Internet for productivity and self-paced life-long learning
 To introduce Compression, Multimedia and Antivirus tools and Office Tools
such as Word processors, spread sheets and Presentation tools.

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Perform Hardware troubleshooting.
CO2: Understand Hardware components and inter dependencies.
CO3: Safeguard computer systems from viruses/worms.
CO4: Document/ Presentation preparation.
CO5: Perform calculations using spreadsheets.

PC Hardware & Software Installation

Task 1: Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions.
Draw the block diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral and
submit to your instructor.

Task 2: Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working condition.
Labinstructors should verifythe work and follow it up with a Viva. Also, students need to go
throughthe video which shows the process of assembling a PC. A video would be given as
part of the course content.

Task 3: Every student should individually install MS windows on the personal computer.
Labinstructor should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva.

Task 4: Every student should install Linux on the computer. This computer should have
windows installed. The system should be configured as dual boot (VMWare) with both
Windows and Linux. Lab instructors should verify the installation and follow it up with a
Viva

Task 5: Every student should install BOSS on the computer. The system should be
configuredas dual boot (VMWare) with both Windows and BOSS. Lab instructors should
verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva

Page 47
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Internet & World Wide Web

Task1: Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to their
Local Area Network and access the Internet. In the process they configure the TCP/IP
setting. Finally,students should demonstrate, to the instructor, how to access the websites
and email. If there is no internet connectivity preparations need to be made by the
instructors to simulate the WWWon the LAN.

Task 2: Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with the
LANproxy settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins like
Macromedia Flash and JRE for applets should be configured.

Task 3: Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search engines are and
howto use the search engines. A few topics would be given to the students for which they
need to search on Google. This should be demonstrated to the instructors by the student.

Task 4: Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the various threats on the internetand
would be asked to configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to
customize their browsers to block pop ups, block active x downloads to avoid viruses and/or
worms.

LaTeX and WORD

Task 1 – Word Orientation: The mentor needs to give an overview of La TeX and Microsoft
(MS) office or equivalent (FOSS) tool word: Importance of La TeX and MS officeor equivalent
(FOSS) tool Word as word Processors, Details of the four tasks and features that would be
covered in each, Using La TeX and word – Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving files,
Using help and resources, rulers, format painter in word.

Task 2: Using La TeX and Word to create a project certificate. Features to be covered: -
Formatting Fonts in word, Drop Cap in word, Applying Text effects, Using Character
Spacing, Borders and Colors, Inserting Header and Footer, Using Date and Time option in
both La TeX and Word.

Task 3: Creating project abstract Features to be covered: -Formatting Styles, Inserting table,
Bullets and Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink,
Symbols, Spell Check, Track Changes.

Task 4: Creating a Newsletter: Features to be covered: - Table of Content, Newspaper

columns,Images from files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting Images,
Textboxes, Paragraphs and Mail Merge in word.
EXCEL
Excel Orientation: The mentor needs to tell the importance of MS office or equivalent
(FOSS)tool Excel as a Spreadsheet tool, give the details of the four tasks and features that
would be covered in each. Using Excel – Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving excel
files, Using helpand resources.
Task 1: Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered: Gridlines, Format Cells,Summation,
auto fill, Formatting Text

Page 48
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Task 2: Calculating GPA -. Features to be covered: - Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel

– average, std. deviation, Charts, Renaming and i nserting worksheets, Hyper linking, Count
function,
LOOKUP/VLOOKUP
Task 3: Split cells, freeze panes, group and outline, Sorting, Boolean and logical operators,
Conditional formatting

POWER POINT

Task 1: Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which help them
create basic power point presentations. PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text, WordArt,
Formatting Text, Bullets and Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in PowerPoint.

Task 2: Interactive presentations - Hyperlinks, Inserting –Images, Clip Art, Audio, Video,
Objects, Tables and Charts.

Task 3: Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), Types of views (basic, presentation,
slideslotter, notes etc), and Inserting – Background, textures, Design Templates, Hidden
slides.

AI TOOLS – Chat GPT

Task 1: Prompt Engineering: Experiment with different types of prompts to see how the model
responds. Try asking questions, starting conversations, or even providing incomplete sentences
to see how the model completes them.

 Ex: Prompt: "You are a knowledgeable AI. Please answer the following question: What
is the capital of France?"

Task 2: Creative Writing: Use the model as a writing assistant. Provide the beginning of a
story or a description of a scene, and let the model generate the rest of the content. This can
be a fun way to brainstorm creative ideas

 Ex: Prompt: "In a world where gravity suddenly stopped working, people started
floating upwards. Write a story about how society adapted to this new reality."

Task 3: Language Translation: Experiment with translation tasks by providing a sentence in

one language and asking the model to translate it into another language. Compare the output
tosee how accurate and fluent the translations are.
 Ex: Prompt: "Translate the following English sentence to French: 'Hello, how are you
doing today?'"
Reference Books:
1. Comdex Information Technology course tool kit, Vikas Gupta, WILEY Dream tech, 2003
2. The Complete Computer upgrade and repair book, Cheryl A Schmidt, WILEY
Dreamtech,2013, 3rd edition
3. Introduction to Information Technology, ITL Education Solutions limited,
PearsonEducation, 2012, 2nd edition
4. PC Hardware - A Handbook, Kate J. Chase, PHI (Microsoft)
5. LaTeX Companion, Leslie Lamport, PHI/Pearson.
6. IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide, David Anfins on
andKenQuamme. – CISCO Press, Pearson Education, 3rd edition
7. IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Labs and46Study Guide, Patrick
Regan– CISCOPress, Pearson Education, 3rd edition

Page 49
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – I L T P C
Semester COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH LAB
Course Code: (Common to All Branches of Engineering) 0 0 2 1
(1000231111)

Course Objectives:
The main objective of introducing this course, Communicative English Laboratory, is to expose
the students to a variety of self-instructional, learner friendly modes of language learning. (That
can be for theory paper) is to train the students in oral communication skills in real situations.
Students will get trained in the basic communication skills and also make them ready to face job
interviews. They will be helped to overcome the mother tongue/local language influence and
neutralize their accent which makes their speech more intelligible to all listeners.

Course Outcomes:
By the end of the course, the students will be having
 Understand the different aspects of the English language oral communication with emphasis on
Listening and Speaking Skills.
 Apply communication skills through various language learning activities.
 Analyze the English speech sounds, stress, rhythm and intonation for better listening and
speaking comprehension.
 Evaluate and exhibit professionalism in participating in debates and group discussions with
polite turn taking strategies and sound more professional while communicating with others.
 Create effective resonate and prepare them to face interviews communicate appropriately in
corporate settings.

List of Topics:
1. Vowels & Consonants (Not rules but use of them in various syllable structures)
2. Neutralization/Accent Rules (No rules again, required more practice)
3. Communication Skills & JAM
4. Role Play or Conversational Practice
5. Resume Writing
6. Group Discussions-Methods & Practice
7. Debates- Methods & Practice
8. PPT Presentations/ Poster Presentation
9. Interviews Skills

Suggested Software:
• Walden InfoTech
• Young India Films

Page 50
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Reference Books:

1. Meenakshi Raman, Sangeeta-Sharma. Technical Communication. Oxford Press.2018. (This can be

fortheory and not for lab)
2. Samson T: Innovate with English, Foundations
3. Grant Taylor: English Conversation Practice, Tata McGraw-Hill Education India, 2016.

4. Jaya shree, M Let’s Hear them speak: Developing Listening-Speaking skills in English. Sage
Publications.

5. Hewing’s, Martin. Cambridge Academic English (B2). CUP, 2012. (T h a t is for reading and
writingand can be used in theory classes but not in Lab)
6. T.Bala Subramanyam, A Textbook of English Phonetics for Indian Students,(3rd Ed) Trinity Press.
(Thisis all theory and can be for MA English students but not for B.Tech students)

Web Resources:

Spoken English:

1. www.esl-lab.com
2. www.englishmedialab.com
3. www.englishinteractive.net
4. https://www.britishcouncil.in/english/online
5. http://www.letstalkpodcast.com/
6. https://www.youtube.com/c/mmmEnglish_Emma/featured
7. https://www.youtube.com/c/ArnelsEverydayEnglish/featured
8. https://www.youtube.com/c/engvidAdam/featured
9. https://www.youtube.com/c/EnglishClass101/featured
10. https://www.youtube.com/c/SpeakEnglishWithTiffani/playlists
11. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCV1h_cBE0Drdx19qkTM0WNw
12. https://www.linguahouse.com/en-GB
13. https://www.ted.com/watch/ted-ed

Voice & Accent:

1. https://www.youtube.com/user/letstalkaccent/videos
2. https://www.youtube.com/c/EngLanguageClub/featured
3. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_OskgZBoS4dAnVUgJVexc
4. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNfm92h83W2i2ijc5XwpIA

Page 51
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – I Semester NSS/NCC/SCOUTS & GUIDES/COMMUNI L T P C

Course Code: SERVICE
(1000231120) (Common to All branches of Engineering) 0 0 1 0.5

Course Objectives:

The objective of introducing this course is to impart discipline, character, fraternity, team work,
social consciousness among the students and engaging them in selfless service.

Course Outcomes: After completion of the course the students will be able to

CO1: Understand the importance of discipline, character and service motto.

CO2: Solve some societal issues by applying acquired knowledge, facts, and techniques.
CO3: Explore human relationships by analyzing social problems.
CO4: Determine to extend their help for the fellow beings and downtrodden people.
CO5: Develop leadership skills and civic responsibilities.

UNIT I Orientation

General Orientation on NSS/NCC/ Scouts & Guides/Community Service activities,career

guidance.

Activities:
i) Conducting –ice breaking sessions-expectations from the course-knowing personal
talents and skills
ii) Conducting orientations programs for the students –future plans-activities-
releasing road map etc.
iii) Displaying success stories-motivational biopics- award winning movies on
societal issues etc.
iv) Conducting talent show in singing patriotic songs-paintings- any other contribution.

UNIT II

Nature & Care Activities:

i) Best out of waste competition.

ii) Poster and signs making competition to spread environmental awareness.
iii) Recycling and environmental pollution article writing competition.
iv) Organising Zero-waste day.
v) Digital Environmental awareness activity via various social media platforms.
vi) Virtual demonstration of different eco-friendly approaches for sustainable living.
vii) Write a summary on any book related to environmental issues.

Page 52
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT III
Community Service Activities:

i) Conducting One Day Special Camp in a village contacting village-area leaders-

Survey in the village, identification of problems- helping them to solve via media-
authorities- experts-etc.
ii) Conducting awareness programs on Health-related issues such as General
Health, Mental health, Spiritual Health, HIV/AIDS.
iii) Conducting consumer Awareness. Explaining various legal provisions etc.

iv) Women Empowerment Programmes- Sexual Abuse, Adolescent Health and

Population Education.
v) Any other programmes in collaboration with local charities, NGOs etc.

Reference Books:

1. Nirmalya Kumar Sinha & Surajit Majumder, A Text Book of National Service Scheme
Vol;.I, Vidya Kutir Publication, 2021 ( ISBN 978-81-952368-8-6)
2. Red Book - National Cadet Corps – Standing Instructions Vol I & II,
DirectorateGeneral of NCC, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi
3. Davis M. L. and Cornwell D. A., ―Introduction to Environmental Engineering‖, McGraw
Hill, New York 4/e 2008
4. Masters G. M., Joseph K. and Nagendran R. ―Introduction to
Environmental Engineering and Science‖, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
2/e 2007
5. Ram Ahuja. Social Problems in India, Rawat Publications, New Delhi.

General Guidelines:

1. Institutes must assign slots in the Timetable for the activities.

2. Institutes are required to provide instructor to mentor the students.

Evaluation Guidelines:

 Evaluated for a total of 100 marks.

 A student can select 6 activities of his/her choice with a minimum of 01 activity per
unit. Each activity shall be evaluated by the concerned teacher for 15 marks, totalling
to 90 marks.
 A student shall be evaluated by the concerned teacher for 10 marks by conducting viva
voce on the subject.

*** *** ***

Page 53
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year II Semester
SYLLABUS

Page 54
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – II Semester L T P C
Course Code
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
(1003231101) (Common to All branches of Engineering) 1 0 4 3

Course Objectives:

 To enable the students with various concepts like dimensioning, conventions and
standards related to Engineering Drawing
 To impart knowledge on the projection of points, lines and plane surfaces
 To improve the visualization skills for better understanding of projection of solids
 To develop the imaginative skills of the students required to understand Section of
solids and Developments of surfaces.
 To make the students understand the viewing perception of a solid object in
Isometric and Perspective projections.

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understand the principles of engineering drawing, including engineering curves, scales,
orthographic and isometric projections.
CO2: Draw and interpret orthographic projections of points, lines, planes and solids in
front, top and side views.
CO3: Understand and draw projection of solids in various positions in first
quadrant.
CO4: Explain principles behind development of surfaces.
CO5: Prepare isometric and perspective sections of simple solids.

UNIT I

Introduction: Lines, Lettering and Dimensioning, Geometrical Constructions and

Constructing regular polygons by general methods.

Curves: construction of ellipse, parabola and hyperbola by general, Cycloids,

Involutes, Normal and tangent to Curves.

Scales: Plain scales, diagonal scales and vernier scales.

UNIT II

Orthographic Projections: Reference plane, importance of reference lines or Plane,

Projections of a point situated in any one of the four quadrants.

Projections of Straight Lines: Projections of straight lines parallel to both reference

planes, perpendicular to one reference plane and parallel to other reference plane, inclined
to one reference plane and parallel to the other reference plane. Projections of Straight Line
Inclined to both the reference planes.
Projections of Planes: Regular planes Perpendicular to both reference planes, parallel to one
reference plane and inclined to the other reference plane.

Page 55
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT III

Projections of Solids: Types of solids: Polyhedra and Solids of revolution. Projections

of solids in simple positions: Axis perpendicular to horizontal plane, Axis perpendicular
to vertical plane and Axis parallel to both the reference planes, Projection of Solids with
axis inclined to one reference plane and parallel to another plane.

UNIT IV

Sections of Solids: Perpendicular and inclined section planes, Sectional views and True
shapeof section, Sections of solids in simple position only.

Development of Surfaces: Methods of Development: Parallel line development and

radialline development. Development of a cube, prism, cylinder, pyramid and cone.

UNIT V

Conversion of Views: Conversion of isometric views to orthographic views; Conversion

of orthographic views to isometric views.

Computer graphics: Creating 2D&3D drawings of objects including PCB and

Transformations using Auto CAD (Not for end examination).

Textbook:

1. N. D. Bhatt, Engineering Drawing, Charotar Publishing House, 2016.

Reference Books:

1. Engineering Drawing, K.L. Narayana and P. Kannaiah, Tata McGraw Hill, 2013.
2. Engineering Drawing, M.B. Shah and B.C. Rana, Pearson Education Inc,2009.
3. Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay
Jolhe,TataMcGraw Hill, 2017.

Page 56
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – II L T P C
Semesters Chemistry
Course Code (Common to EEE, ECE, CSE, IT & allied branches)
(1000231112) 3 0 0 3

Course objectives:

 To familiarize engineering chemistry and its applications

 To train the students on the principles and applications of electrochemistry and polymers
 To introduce instrumental methods, molecular machines and switches.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the students will be able to:

CO1: Compare the materials of construction for battery and electrochemical sensors.
CO2: Explain the preparation, properties, and applications of thermoplastics & thermosetting &
elastomers conducting polymers.
CO3: Explain the principles of spectrometry, slc in separation of solid and liquid mixtures.
CO4: Apply the principle of Band diagrams in the application of conductors and semiconductors.
CO5: Summarize the concepts of Instrumental methods.

UNIT I
Structure and Bonding Models
Fundamentals of Quantum mechanics, Schrodinger Wave equation, significance of Ψ and Ψ2,
particle in one dimensional box, molecular orbital theory – bonding in homo- and heteronuclear
diatomic molecules – energy level diagrams of O2 and CO, etc. π-molecular orbitals of butadiene
and benzene, calculation of bond order.

UNIT- II

Modern Engineering materials

Semiconductors – Introduction, basic concept, application Super Conductors-Introduction basic
concept, applications. Supercapacitors: Introduction, Basic Concept-Classification – Applications.
Nano materials: Introduction, classification, properties and applications of Fullerenes, carbon nano tubes
and Graphines nanoparticles.
UNIT- III
Electrochemistry and Applications

Electrochemical cell, Nernst equation, cell potential calculations and numerical problems, potentiometry-
potentiometric titrations (redox titrations), concept of conductivity, conductivity cell, conductometric
titrations (acid-base titrations).
Electrochemical sensors – potentiometric sensors with examples, amperometric sensors with examples.
Primary cells – Zinc-air battery, Secondary cells –lithium-ion batteries- working of the batteries
including cell reactions; Fuel cells, hydrogen-oxygenfuel cell– working of the cells.
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel cells (PEMFC).

Page 57
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT- IV
Polymer Chemistry
Introduction to polymers, functionality of monomers, chain growth and step growth polymerization,
coordination polymerization, with specific examples and mechanisms of polymer formation.
Plastics –Thermo and Thermosetting plastics, Preparation, properties and applications of – PVC,
Teflon, Bakelite, Nylon-6,6, carbon fibres. Elastomers–Buna-S, Buna-N–preparation, properties
and applications. Conducting polymers – polyacetylene, polyaniline, – mechanism of
conduction and applications. Bio-Degradable polymers - Poly Glycolic Acid (PGA),
Polyl Lactic Acid (PLA).

UNIT- V

Instrumental Methods and Applications

Electromagnetic spectrum. Absorption of radiation: Beer-Lambert’s law. UV-Visible Spectroscopy,

electronic transition, Instrumentation, IR spectroscopies, fundamental modes and selection rules,
Instrumentation. Chromatography-Basic Principle, Classification-HPLC: Principle, Instrumentation
and Applications.

Textbooks:

1. Jain and Jain, Engineering Chemistry, 16/e, DhanpatRai, 2013.

2. Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula and James Keeler, Atkins’ Physical Chemistry, 10/e, Oxford University
Press, 2010.

Reference Books:

1. Skoog and West, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6/e, Thomson, 2007.

2. J.D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Wiley Publications, Feb.2008
3. Textbook of Polymer Science, Fred W. Billmayer Jr, 3rd Edition

Page 58
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – II Semester L T P C
INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING
Course Code: 3 0 0 3
(Common to All branches of Engineering)
(1005231101)

Course Objectives:
The objectives of this course are to acquire knowledge on the
i. To impart adequate knowledge on the need of programming languages and problem-
solving techniques and develop programming skills.
ii. To enable effective usage of Control Structures and Implement different operations on arrays.
iii. To demonstrate the use of Strings and Functions.
iv. To impart the knowledge of pointers and understand the principles of dynamic
memory allocation.
v. To understand structures and unions and illustrate the file concepts and its operations.
vi. To impart the Knowledge Searching and Sorting Techniques

UNIT-I Introduction to Computer Problem Solving:

Programs and Algorithms, Computer Problem Solving Requirements, Phases of Problem
Solving, Problem. Solving Strategies, Top-Down Approach, Algorithm Designing, Program
Verification, Improving Efficiency, Algorithm Analysis and Notations.

UNIT-II Introduction to C Programming:

Introduction, Structure of a C Program. Comments, Keywords, Identifiers, Data Types,

Variables, Constants, Input/output Statements. Operators, Type Conversion. Control Flow,
Relational Expressions: Conditional Branching Statements: if, if-else, if-else—if, switch.
BasicLoop Structures: while, do-while loops, for loop, nested loops, The Break and Continue
Statements, goto statement.

UNIT-III Arrays:

Introduction, Operations on Arrays, Arrays as Function Arguments, Two Dimensional Arrays,

Multidimensional Arrays. Pointers: Concept of a Pointer, Declaring and Initializing Pointer
Variables, Pointer Expressions and Address Arithmetic, Null Pointers, Generic Pointers,
Pointersas Function Arguments, Pointers and Arrays, Pointer to Pointer, Dynamic Memory
Allocation, Dangling Pointer, Command Line Arguments.

UNIT-IV Functions:

Introduction Function: Declaration, Function Definition, Function Call, Categories of Functions,

Passing Parameters to Functions, Scope of Variables, Variable Storage Classes.Recursion.
Strings: String Fundamentals, String Processing with and without Library Functions,
Pointers and Strings.

Page 59
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT-V
Structures, Unions, Bit Fields: Introduction, Nested Structures, Arrays of Structures, Structures
and Functions, Self-Referential Structures, Unions, Enumerated Data Type —Enum
variables, Using Typedef keyword, Bit Fields. Data Files: Introduction to Files, Using Files
in C, Reading from Text Files, Writing to Text Files, Random File Access.

Note: The syllabus is designed with C Language as the fundamental language of

implementation.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the Course, Student should be able to:
i . Illustrate the Fundamental concepts of Computers and basics of computer programming
and problem-solving approach
ii. Understand the Control Structures, branching and looping statements
iii. Use of Arrays and Pointers in solving complex problems.
iv. Develop Modular program aspects and Strings fundamentals.
v. Demonstrate the ideas of User Defined Data types, files. Solve real world problems using
the concept of Structures, Unions and File operations.

Text Books:
1. A Structured Programming Approach Using C, Forouzan, Gilberg, Cengage.
2. How to solve it by Computer, R. G. Dromey, and Pearson Education.
3. Programming In C A-Practia1 Approach. Ajay Mittal, Pearson

References:

1. Byron Gottfried, Schaum's Outline of Programming with C, McGraw-Hill.

2. Computer Programming. Reema Thareja, Oxford University Press
3. The C Programming Language, Dennis Richie And Brian Kernighan, Pearson Education.
4. Programming In C, Ashok Kamthane, Second Edition, Pearson Publication.
5. Let us C, YaswanthKanetkar, 16th Edition,BPB Publication.
6. Computing fundamentals and C Programming, Balagurusamy, E., McGraw-Hill
Education,2008

Web References:
1. http://www.c4learn.com/
2. http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c/
3. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/122104019/
4. http://www.learn-c.org/
5. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/

Page 60
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – II Semester DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND VECTOR L T P C

Course Code: CALCULUS
(Common to All Branches of Engineering) 3 0 0 3
(1000231201)

Course Objectives:
 To enligh tenth elearners in the concept of differential equations and multivariable calculus.
 To furnish the learners with basic concepts and techniques at plus two level to lead them
into advanced level by handling various real- world applications.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
 Solve the differential equations related to various engineering fields.
 Identify solution methods for partial differential equations that model physical processes.
 Interpret the physical meaning of different operators such as gradient, curl and divergence.
 Estimate the work done against a field, circulation and flux using vector calculus.
UNIT I Differential equations of first order and first degree
Linear differential equations – Bernoulli’s equations- Exact equations and equations
reducible to exact form. Applications: Newton’s Law of cooling – Law of natural growth and
decay- Electrical circuits.
UNIT II Higher order Linear differential equations with Constant Coefficients
Definitions, homogenous and non-homogenous, complimentary function – particular
integral ((𝑥) = 𝑒𝑎𝑥, sin 𝑎𝑥 , cos 𝑎𝑥 , 𝑥𝑚), general solution, method of variation of
parameters. Simultaneous linear equations.
UNIT III Partial Differential Equations
Introduction and formation of Partial Differential Equations by elimination of arbitrary constants
and arbitrary functions, solutions of first order linear equations using Lagrange’s method.
Second order Homogeneous Linear Partial differential equations with constant coefficients.
UNIT IV Vector differentiation
Scalar and vector point functions, deloperator, Gradient – unit normal vector, angle between
surfaces, directional derivative, Divergence - Solenoidal vector and Curl– irrotational., scalar
potential.
UNIT V Vector integration
Lineintegral – circulation – work done, - flux, Green’s theorem in the plane (without proof),
Stoke’s theorem (without proof), Divergence theorem (without proof) and problems on above the
theorems.
Text books:
1. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e,John Wiley & Sons, 2018.
2. B.S.Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics,44/e,Khannapublishers,2017.
Reference Books:
1. Dennis G. Zill and Warren S. Wright, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Jones and Bartlett, 2018.
2. Michael Green berg, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th edition, Pearson edn
3. George B. Thomas, Maurice D. Weir and Joel Hass, Thomas Calculus, 14/e, Pearson Publishers, 2018.
4. R. K. Jain and S. R. K. Iyengar, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 5/e, Alpha Science International
Ltd., 2021 (9th reprint).
5. B.V. Ramana, Higher Engineering Mathematics, McGraw Hill Education, 2017
.

Page 61
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – II L T P C
Semester NETWORK ANALYSIS
Course Code: (ECE & allied branches) 3 0 0 3
1002231202

Course Objectives:
To develop an understanding of the fundamental laws, elements of electrical circuits and to apply
circuit analysis to DC and AC circuits.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to

Course Outcome
CO1 Understand basic electrical circuits with nodal and mesh analysis.
CO2 Analyse the circuit using network simplification theorems.
CO3 Find Transient response and Steady state response of a network.
CO4 Analyse electrical networks in the Laplace domain.
CO5 Compute the parameters of a two-port network.

UNIT-I: Basic Electrical Circuits and Network Theorems (10 Hours)

Types of circuit components, Types of Sources and Source Transformations, Mesh analysis and
Nodal analysis, problem solving with resistances only including dependent sources also.
Principal of duality with examples.
Network Theorems: Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Millman’s, Reciprocity, Compensation, Substitution,
Superposition, Max Power Transfer, Tellegens - problem solving using dependent sources also.

UNIT-II: Transient Analysis (10 Hours)

Transients: First order differential equations, Definition of time constants, R-L circuit, R-C circuit
with DC excitation, evaluating initial conditions procedure, second order differential equations,
homogeneous, non-homogenous, problem-solving using R-L-C elements with DC excitation and
AC excitation, Response as related to s-plane rotation of roots.
Laplace transform: introduction, Laplace transformation, basic theorems, problem solving using
Laplace transform, partial fraction expansion, problem solving using Laplace transform.

UNIT-III: Steady State Analysis of A.C. Circuits (10 Hours)

Steady State Analysis of A.C Circuits: Impedance concept, phase angle, series R-L, R-C, R-L-C
Circuits problem solving. Complex impedance and phasor notation for R-L, R-C, R-L-C problem
solving using mesh and nodal analysis, Star-Delta conversion, problem solving using Laplace
transforms also.
UNIT-IV: Resonance and Coupled Circuits (10 Hours)
Resonance: Introduction, Definition of Q, Series resonance, Bandwidth of series resonance,
Parallel resonance.
Coupled Circuits: Coupled Circuits: Self-inductance, Mutual inductance, Coefficient of coupling,
analysis of coupled circuits, Natural current, Dot rule of coupled circuits, conductively coupled
equivalent circuits- problem solving.

Page 62
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT-V: Two Port Networks (10 Hours)

Two-port Networks: Relationship of two port networks, Z-parameters, Y-parameters, Transmission

line parameters, h- parameters, Relationships Between parameter Sets, Parallel & series connection of
two port networks, cascading of two port networks, problem solving using dependent sources also.

Text Books:

1) Engineering Circuits Analysis, Jack Kemmerly, William Hayt and Steven Durbin, Tata Mc
Graw Hill Education, 2005, sixth edition.
2) Network Analysis, M. E. Van Valkenburg, Pearson Education, 2019, Revised Third Edition
3) Network lines and Fields by John. D. Ryder 2nd Edition, PHI
Reference Books:

1. D. Roy Choudhury, Networks and Systems, New Age International Publications, 2013.
2. Joseph Edminister and Mahmood Nahvi, Electric Circuits, Schaum’s Outline Series,7th Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2017
3. Fundamentals of Electric Circuits by Charles K. Alexander and Matthew N. O. Sadiku,
McGraw-Hill Education
E-Resources:

2. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc23_ee81/preview
3. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104139
4. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108106172
5. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106108

Page 63
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – II Chemistry Laboratory L T P C

Semesters (Common to EEE, ECE, CSE, IT & allied
Course Code branches)
(1000231112)
0 0 2 1

Course Objectives:

 Verify the fundamental concepts with experiments.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the students will be able to

CO1: Determine the cell constant and conductance of solutions.

CO2: Prepare advanced polymer Bakelite materials.
CO3: Measure the strength of an acid present in secondary batteries.
CO4: Analyse the IR spectra of some organic compounds.
CO5: Calculate strength of acid in Pb-Acid battery.

List of experiments:

1. Measurement of 10Dq by spectrophotometric method

2. Conductometric titration of strong acid vs. strong base
3. Conductometric titration of weak acid vs. strong base
4. Determination of cell constant and conductance of solutions
5. Potentiometry - determination of redox potentials and emfs
6. Determination of Strength of an acid in Pb-Acid battery
7. Preparation of a Bakelite
8. Verify Lambert-Beer’s law
9. Wavelength measurement of sample through UV-Visible Spectroscopy
10. Identification of simple organic compounds by IR
11. Preparation of nanomaterials by precipitation method
12. Estimation of Ferrous Iron by Dichrometry

Reference:

 "Vogel's Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Edition 6th Edition" Pearson Publications by
J. Mendham, R.C.Denney, J.D.Barnes and B. Sivasankar

Page 64
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – II L T P C
Semester COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB
Course Code (Common to All branches of
(1005231111) Engineering) 0 0 3 1.5

Course Objectives:
The course aims to give students hands – on experience and train them on the concepts of
theC- programming language.

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Read, understand, and trace the execution of programs written in C language.
CO2: Select the right control structure for solving the problem.
CO3: Develop C programs which utilize memory efficiently using programming constructs like
pointers.
CO4: Develop, Debug and Execute programs to demonstrate the applications of arrays,
functions, basic concepts of pointers in C.

UNIT I

WEEK 1
Objective: Getting familiar with the programming environment on the computer and
writing the first program.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 1: Problem-solving using Computers.
Lab1: Familiarization with programming environment
i) Basic Linux environment and its editors like Vi, Vim & Emacs etc.
ii) Exposure to Turbo C, gcc
iii) Writing simple programs using printf(), scanf()

WEEK 2
Objective: Getting familiar with how to formally describe a solution to a problem in a
seriesof finite steps both using textual notation and graphic notation.

Suggested Experiments /Activities:

Tutorial 2: Problem-solving using Algorithms and Flow charts.
Lab 1: Converting algorithms/flow charts into C Source code.
Developing the algorithms/flowcharts for the following sample programs
i)Sum and average of 3 numbers
ii) Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius and vice versa
iii) Simple interest calculation

Page 65
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

WEEK 3
Objective: Learn how to define variables with the desired data-type, initialize them with
appropriate values and how arithmetic operators can be used with variables and constants.

Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 3: Variable types and type conversions:

Lab 3: Simple computational problems using arithmetic expressions.

i)Finding the square root of a given number
ii) Finding compound interest
iii) Area of a triangle using heron’s formulae
iv) Distance travelled by an object

UNIT II
WEEK 4
Objective: Explore the full scope of expressions, type-compatibility of variables &
constants and operators used in the expression and how operator precedence works.

Suggested Experiments/Activities:

Tutorial4: Operators and the precedence and as associativity:

Lab4: Simple computational problems using the operator’ precedence and associativity
i)Evaluate the following expressions.
a. A+B*C+(D*E) + F*G
b. A/B*C-B+A*D/3
c. A+++B---A
d. J= (i++) + (++i)
ii) Find the maximum of three numbers using conditional operator
iii) Take marks of 5 subjects in integers, and find the total, average in float

WEEK 5
Objective: Explore the full scope of different variants of ―if construct‖ namely if-else, null-
else, if-else if*-else, switch and nested-if including in what scenario each one of them can
be used and how to use them. Explore all relational and logical operators while writing
conditionals for ―if construct‖.

Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 5: Branching and logical expressions:
Lab 5: Problems involving if-then-else structures.
i) Write a C program to find the max and min of four numbers using if-else.
ii) Write a C program to generate electricity bill.
iii) Find the roots of the quadratic equation.
iv) Write a C program to simulate a calculator using switch case.
v) Write a C program to find the given year is a leap year or not.

Page 66
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

WEEK 6
Objective: Explore the full scope of iterative constructs namely while loop, do-while loop and
for loop in addition to structured jump constructs like break and continue including when
each of these statements is more appropriate to use.

Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 6: Loops, while and for loops
Lab 6: Iterative problems e.g., the sum of series
i) Find the factorial of given number using any loop.
ii) Find the given number is a prime or not.
iii) Compute sine and cos series
iv) Checking a number palindrome
v) Construct a pyramid of numbers.

UNIT III

WEEK 7:
Objective: Explore the full scope of Arrays construct namely defining and initializing 1-D
and 2-D and more generically n-D arrays and referencing individual array elements from the
defined array. Using integer 1-D arrays, explore search solution linear search.

Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 7: 1 D Arrays: searching.
Lab 7:1D Array manipulation, linear search
i)Find the min and max of a 1-D integer array.
ii) Perform linear search on1D array.
iii) The reverse of a 1D integer array
iv) Find 2’s complement of the given binary number.
v) Eliminate duplicate elements in an array.

WEEK 8:
Objective: Explore the difference between other arrays and character arrays that can be used
as Strings by using null character and get comfortable with string by doing experiments that
will reverse a string and concatenate two strings. Explore sorting solution bubble sort using
integer arrays.

Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 8: 2 D arrays, sorting and Strings.
Lab 8: Matrix problems, String operations, Bubble sort
i)Addition of two matrices
ii) Multiplication two matrices
iii) Sort array elements using bubble sort
iv) Concatenate two strings without built-in functions
v) Reverse a string using built-in and without built-in string functions

Page 67
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT IV

WEEK 9:
Objective: Explore pointers to manage a dynamic array of integers, including memory
allocation value initialization, resizing changing and reordering the contents of an array and
memory de-allocation using malloc (), calloc (), realloc () and free () functions. Gain
experience processing command-line arguments received by C

Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 9: Pointers, structures and dynamic memory allocation
Lab 9: Pointers and structures, memory dereference.
i) Write a C program to find the sum of a 1D array using malloc()
ii) Write a C program to find the total, average of n students using structures
iii) Enter n students data using calloc() and display failed students list
iv) Read student name and marks from the command line and display the student details
alongwith the total.
v) Write a C program to implement realloc()

WEEK 10:
Objective: Experiment with C Structures, Unions, bit fields and self-referential
structures(Singly linked lists) and nested structures

Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 10: Bitfields, Self-Referential Structures, Linked lists
Lab10 : Bitfields, linked lists
Read and print a date using dd/mm/yyyy format using bit-fields and differentiate the
samewithout using bit- fields
i) Create and display a singly linked list using self-referential structure.
ii) Demonstrate the differences between structures and unions using a C program.
iii) Write a C program to shift/rotate using bitfields.
iv) Write a C program to copy one structure variable to another structure of the same type.

UNIT V

WEEK 11:
Objective: Explore the Functions, sub-routines, scope and extent of variables, doing some
experiments by parameter passing using call by value. Basic methods of numerical integration

Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 11: Functions, call by value, scope and extent,
Lab 11: Simple functions using call by value, solving differential equations using Eulers
theorem.
i) Write a C function to calculate NCR value.
ii) Write a C function to find the length of a string.
iii) Write a C function to transpose of a matrix.
iv) Write a C function to demonstrate numerical integration of differential equations using
Euler’smethod

Page 68
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

WEEK 12:
Objective: Explore how recursive solutions can be programmed by writing recursive
functions that can be invoked from the main by programming at-least five distinct
problemsthat have naturally recursive solutions.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 12: Recursion, the structure of recursive calls
Lab 12: Recursive functions
i) Write a recursive function to generate Fibonacci series.
ii) Write a recursive function to find the lcm of two numbers.
iii) Write a recursive function to find the factorial of a number.
iv) Write a C Program to implement Ackermann function using recursion.
v) Write a recursive function to find the sum of series.

WEEK 13:
Objective: Explore the basic difference between normal and pointer variables, Arithmetic
operations using pointers and passing variables to functions using pointers

Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 13: Call by reference, dangling pointers
Lab 13: Simple functions using Call by reference, Dangling pointers.
i)Write a C program to swap two numbers using call by reference.
ii) Demonstrate Dangling pointer problem using a C program.
iii) Write a C program to copy one string into another using pointer.
iv) Write a C program to find no of lowercase, uppercase, digits
andothercharacters using pointers.

WEEK14:
Objective: To understand data files and file handling with various file I/O functions.
Explore thedifferences between text and binary files.

Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 14: File handling
Lab 14: File operations
i) Write a C program to write and read text into a file.
ii) Write a C program to write and read text into a binary file using
fread()andfwrite()
iii) Copy the contents of one file to another file.
iv) Write a C program to merge two files into the third file using
command-linearguments.
v) Find no. of lines, words and characters in a file
vi) Write a C program to print last n characters of a given file.

Textbooks:
1. Ajay Mittal, Programming in C: A practical approach, Pearson.
2. Byron Gottfried, Schaum&#39; s Outline of Programming with C, McGraw Hill
Reference Books:
1. Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie, The C Programming
Language,Prentice-Hall of India
C Programming, A Problem-Solving Approach, Forouzan, Gilberg, Prasad, CENGAGE

Page 69
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – II Semester ENGINEERING WORKSHOP L T P C

Course Code: (Common to All branches of Engineering) 0 0 3 1.5
(1003231110)

Course Objectives:

To familiarize students with wood working, sheet metal operations, fitting and electrical house
wiring skills

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Identify workshop tools and their operational capabilities.

CO2: Practice on manufacturing of components using workshop trades including fitting,
carpentry, foundry and welding.
CO3: Apply fitting operations in various applications.
CO4: Apply basic electrical engineering knowledge for House Wiring Practice

SYLLABUS

1. Demonstration: Safety practices and precautions to be observed in workshop.

2. Wood Working: Familiarity with different types of woods and tools used in
woodworking and make following joints.
a) Half – Lap joint b) Mortise and Tenon joint c) Corner Dovetail joint or Bridle
joint
3. Sheet Metal Working: Familiarity with different types of tools used in sheet
metalworking, Developments of following sheet metal job from GI sheets.
a) Tapered tray b) Conical funnel c) Elbow pipe d) Brazing
4. Fitting: Familiarity with different types of tools used in fitting and do the
followingfitting exercises.
a) V-fit b) Dovetail fit c) Semi-circular fit
d) Bicycle tire punctureand change of two-wheeler tyre
5. Electrical Wiring: Familiaritywith different types of basic electrical circuits and
makethe following connections.
a) Parallel and series b) Two-way switch c) Godown lighting
d) Tube light e) Three phase motor f) Soldering of wires
6. Foundry Trade: Demonstration and practice on Moulding tools and
processes,Preparation of Green Sand Moulds for given Patterns.
7. Welding Shop: Demonstration and practice on Arc Welding and Gas
welding.Preparation of Lap joint and Butt joint.
8. Plumbing: Demonstration and practice of Plumbing tools, Preparation of Pipe
jointswith coupling for same diameter and with reducer for different diameters.

Page 70
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Textbooks:

1. Basic Workshop Technology: Manufacturing Process, Felix W.;

IndependentlyPublished,2019. Workshop Processes, Practices and Materials;
Bruce J. Black,Routledge publishers, 5th Edn. 2015.
2. A Course in Workshop Technology Vol I. & II, B.S. Raghuwanshi, Dhanpath
Rai & Co., 2015 & 2017.

Reference Books:

1. Elements of Workshop Technology, Vol. I by S. K. Hajra Choudhury

&Others, Media Promoters and Publishers, Mumbai. 2007, 14th
edition
2. Workshop Practice by H. S. Bawa, Tata-McGraw Hill, 2004.
3. Wiring Estimating, Costing and Contracting; Soni P.M. &
UpadhyayP.A.; AtulPrakashan, 2021-22.

Page 71
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – II
L T P Credits
Semester NETWORK ANALYSIS AND
Course SIMULATION LABORATORY
Code: (ECE & allied branches) 0 0 3 1.5
1002231211

Course Objectives:
 To gain hands on experience in verifying Kirchoff’s laws and network theorems
 To analyze transient behavior of circuits
 To study resonance characteristics
 To determine 2-port network parameters

Course Outcomes:
Course Outcome
CO1 Verify Network theorems.
CO2 Measure time constants of RL & RC circuits.
CO3 Analyze behavior of RLC circuit for different cases.
CO4 Design resonant circuit for given specifications.
CO5 Characterize and model the network in terms of all network parameters.
The following experiments need to be performed using both Hardware and simulation
Software.
The experiments need to be simulated using software and the same need to be verified using
the hardware.

List of Experiments:
1. Verification of mesh and nodal analysis for AC circuits
2. Verification of Thevenin’s & Norton theorems for AC circuits
3. Verification of maximum power transfer theorem for AC circuits
4. Verification of Tellegen’s theorem for two networks of the same topology.
5. Study of DC transients in RL, RC and RLC circuits
6. To study frequency response of various 1st order RL & RC networks
7. To study the transient and steady state response of a 2nd order circuit by varying its
various parameters and studying their effects on responses
8. Find the Q Factor and Bandwidth of a Series and Parallel Resonance circuit.
9. Determination of open circuit (Z) and short circuit (Y) parameters
10. Determination of hybrid (H) and transmission (ABCD) parameters
11. To measure two port parameters of a twin-T network and study its frequency response.

Page 72
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Hardware Requirements:
Regulated Power supplies, Analog/Digital Function Generators, Digital Multimeters, Decade
Resistance Boxes/Rheostats, Decade Capacitance Boxes, Ammeters (Analog or Digital),
Voltmeters (Analog or Digital), Active & Passive Electronic Components.

Software requirements:
Multisim/ Pspice/ Equivalent simulation software tool, Computer Systems with required
specifications.

Reference Books:
1. Engineering Circuits Analysis, Jack Kemmerly, William Hayt and Steven Durbin, Tata
Mc Graw Hill Education, 2005, sixth edition.
2. Network Analysis, M. E. Van Valkenburg, Pearson Education, 2019, Revised Third
Edition

Page 73
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

I Year – II HEALTH AND WELLNESS, L T P C

Semester YOGA AND SPORTS
Course Code (Common to All branches of Engineering)
(1000231121) 0 0 1 0.5

Course Objectives:

The main objective of introducing this course is to make the students maintain
their mental andphysical wellness by balancing emotions in their life. It mainly
enhances the essential traits required for the development of the personality.

Course Outcomes: After completion of the course the student will be able to
CO1: Understand the importance of yoga and sports for Physical fitness and sound health.
CO2: Demonstrate an understanding of health-related fitness components.
CO3: Compare and contrast various activities that help enhance their health.
CO4: Assess current personal fitness levels.
CO5: Develop Positive Personality

UNIT I

Concept of health and fitness, Nutrition and Balanced diet, basic concept of
immunity Relationship between diet and fitness, Globalization and its impact on
health, Body Mass Index(BMI) of all age groups.

Activities:

i) Organizing health awareness programmes in community

ii) Preparation of health profile
iii) Preparation of chart for balance diet for all age groups

UNIT II

Concept of yoga, need for and importance of yoga, origin and history of yoga in
Indian context,classification of yoga, Physiological effects of Asanas- Pranayama
and meditation, stress management and yoga, Mental health and yoga practice.

Activities:

Yoga practices – Asana, Kriya, Mudra, Bandha, Dhyana, Surya Namaskar

UNIT III

Concept of Sports and fitness, importance, fitness components, history of sports,

Ancient and Modern Olympics, Asian games and Commonwealth games.

Page 74
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Activities:

i) Participation in one major game and one individual sport viz., Athletics, Volleyball,
Basketball, Handball, Football, Badminton, Kabaddi, Kho- kho, Table tennis, Cricket
etc.
Practicing general and specific warm up, aerobics
ii) Practicing cardiorespiratory fitness, treadmill, run test, 9 min walk, skipping
andrunning.

Reference Books:
1. Gordon Edlin, Eric Golanty. Health and Wellness, 14th Edn. Jones &Bartlett
Learning,2022
2. T.K.V.Desikachar. The Heart of Yoga: Developing a Personal Practice
3. Archie J.Bahm. Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, Jain Publishing Company, 1993
4. Wiseman, John Lofty, SAS Survival Handbook: The Ultimate Guideto
SurvivingAnywhere Third Edition, William Morrow Paperbacks, 2014
5. The Sports Rules Book/ Human Kinetics with Thomas Hanlon. --3rd ed.
HumanKinetics, Inc.2014

General Guidelines:

1. Institutes must assign slots in the Timetable for the activities of Health/Sports/Yoga.
2. Institutes must provide field/facility and offer the minimum of fivechoices of
as manyas Games/Sports.
3. Institutes are required to provide sports instructor / yoga teacher to mentor thestudents.

Evaluation Guidelines:

 Evaluated for a total of 100 marks.

 A student can select 6 activities of his/her choice with a minimum of 01 activity per
unit. Each activity shall be evaluated by the concerned teacher for 15 marks, totalling
to 90 marks.
 A student shall be evaluated by the concerned teacher for 10 marks by conducting
vivavoce on the subject.

Page 75
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year I Semester
SYLLABUS

Page 76
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – I L T P C
Semester RANDOM VARIABLES AND
Course Code STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
1000232104 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

 To give students an introduction to elementary probability theory, in preparation tolearn the

concepts of statistical analysis, random variables and stochastic processes.
 To mathematically model the random phenomena with the help of probability theory
concepts.
 To introduce the important concepts of random variables and stochastic processes.
 To analyze the LTI systems with stationary and om process as input.
 To introduce the types of noise and modelling noise sources.

Unit-I
The Random Variable
Introduction, Review of Probability Theory, Definition of a Random Variable, Conditions for a
Function to be a Random Variable, Discrete, Continuous and Mixed Random Variables,
Distribution and Density functions, Properties, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Gaussian,
Exponential, Rayleigh, Conditional Distribution, Conditional Density, Properties.
Unit-II
Operation On One Random Variable-Expectations
Introduction, Expected Value of a Random Variable, function of a Random Variable, Moments
about the Origin, Central Moments, Variance and Skew, Chebyshev’s Inequality, Characteristic
Function, Moment Generating Function, Transformations of a Random Variable: Monotonic
Transformations for a Continuous Random Variable, Non-monotonic Transformations of
Continuous Random Variable.
Unit-III
Multiple Random Variables
Vector Random Variables , Joint Distribution Function, Properties of Joint Distribution,
Marginal Distribution Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density, Statistical Independence,
Sum of Two Random Variables, Sum of Several Random Variables, Central Limit Theorem:
Unequal Distribution, Equal Distributions.

Page 77
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Operations On Multiple Random Variables

Joint Moments about the Origin, Joint Central Moments, Joint Characteristic Functions, Jointly

Gaussian Random Variables: Two Random Variables case, N Random Variables case, properties,
Transformations of Multiple Random Variables, Linear Transformations of Gaussian Random
Variables.
Unit-IV
Random Processes–Temporal Characteristics
The Random Process Concept, Classification of Processes, Deterministic and Non deterministic
Processes, Distribution and Density Functions, Concept of Stationarity and Statistical
Independence. First-Order Stationary Processes, Second-order and Wide-Sense Stationarity,
Nth-order and Strict- Sense Stationarity, Time Averages and Ergodicity, Auto correlation
Function and its Properties, Cross-Correlation Function and its Properties, Covariance
Functions, Gaussian Random Processes, Poisson Random Process.
Unit-V
Random Processes-Spectral characteristics
The Power Density Spectrum: Properties, Relationship between Power Density Spectrum and
Auto correlation Function, The Cross-Power Density Spectrum, Properties, Relationship
between Cross-Power Density Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function.
Linear Systems with Random Inputs
Random Signal Response of Linear Systems: System Response–Convolution, Mean and Mean-
squared Value of System Response, Auto correlation Function of Response, Cross-Correlation
Functions of Input and Output, Spectral Characteristics of System Response: Power Density
Spectrum of Response, Cross-Power Density Spectra of Input and Output.
Text Books:
1. Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles,
PeytonZ.Peebles,TMH,4thEdition,2001.
2. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, Athanasios Papoulis and
S.Unnikrisha, PHI,4thEdition,2002.
3. Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing, Henry Stark and
JohnW.Woods, Pearson Education, 3rdEdition, 2001.

Page 78
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Reference Books:

1. Schaum's Outline of Probability, Random Variables, and Random Processes,1997.

2. An Introduction to Random Signals and Communication Theory, B.P.Lathi,
InternationalTextbook, 1968.
3. Probability Theory and Random Processes, P.Ramesh Babu, McGrawHill, 2015.

Course Outcomes:

After completion of the course, the student will be able to

 Mathematically model the random phenomena and solve simple probabilistic problems.
 Identify different types of random variables and compute statistical averages of
singlerandom variable.
 Understand multiple random variable concepts, compute statically average of
multiplerandom variables
 Characterize the random processes in the time
 Characterization in frequency domain and analyze the LTI systems with random inputs.

*******

Page 79
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – I L T P C
Semester UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES– UNDERSTANDING
Course Code HARMONY AND ETHICALHUMAN CONDUCT
1099232101 2 1 0 3

Course Objectives:

 To help the students appreciate the essential complementary between 'VALUES' and
'SKILLS' to ensure sustained happiness and prosperity which are the core aspirations of all
human beings.

 To facilitate the development of a Holistic perspective among students towards life and
profession as well as towards happiness and prosperity based on a correct understanding of the
Human reality and the rest of existence. Such holistic perspective forms the basis of Universal
Human Values and movement towards value-based living in a natural way.

 To highlight plausible implications of such a Holistic understanding in terms of ethical human

conduct, trustful and mutually fulfilling human behaviour and mutually enriching interaction
with Nature.

Course Outcomes:
 Define the terms like Natural Acceptance, Happiness and Prosperity (L1, L2)

 Identify one’s self, and one’s surroundings (family, society nature) (L1, L2)

 Apply what they have learnt to their own self in different day-to-day settings in reallife (L3)

 Relate human values with human relationship and human society. (L4)

 Justify the need for universal human values and harmonious existence (L5)

 Develop as socially and ecologically responsible engineers (L3, L6)

Course Topics
The course has 28 lectures and 14 tutorials in 5 modules. The lectures and tutorials are of 1- hour
duration. Tutorial sessions are to be used to explore and practice what has been proposedduring the
lecture sessions.
The Teacher’s Manual provides the outline for lectures as well as practice sessions. The teacher
is expected to present the issues to be discussed as propositions and encourage thestudents to
have a dialogue.

Page 80
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT I
Introduction to Value Education (6 lectures and 3 tutorials for practice session)
Lecture 1: Right Understanding, Relationship and Physical Facility (Holistic Development andthe Role of
Education)
Lecture 2: Understanding Value Education
Tutorial 1: Practice Session PS1 Sharing about Oneself

Lecture 3: self-exploration as the Process for Value Education

Lecture4: Continuous Happiness and Prosperity – the Basic Human Aspirations
Tutorial 2: Practice Session PS2 Exploring Human Consciousness
Lecture 5: Happiness and Prosperity – Current Scenario
Lecture 6: Method to Fulfill the Basic Human Aspirations
Tutorial 3: Practice Session PS3 Exploring Natural Acceptance

UNIT II
Harmony in the Human Being (6 lectures and 3 tutorials for practice session) Lecture 7:
Understanding Human being as the Co-existence of the self and the body.Lecture 8:
Distinguishing between the Needs of the self and the body
Tutorial 4: Practice Session PS4 Exploring the difference of Needs of self and body.Lecture 9:
The body as an Instrument of the self
Lecture 10: Understanding Harmony in the self
Tutorial 5: Practice Session PS5 Exploring Sources of Imagination in the selfLecture
11: Harmony of the self with the body
Lecture 12: Programme to ensure self-regulation and Health
Tutorial 6: Practice Session PS6 Exploring Harmony of self with the body

Page 81
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT III
Harmony in the Family and Society (6 lectures and 3 tutorials for practice session)
Lecture 13: Harmony in the Family – the Basic Unit of Human Interaction

Lecture 14: 'Trust' – the Foundational Value in Relationship

Tutorial 7: Practice Session PS7 Exploring the Feeling of Trust
Lecture 15: 'Respect' – as the Right Evaluation

Tutorial 8: Practice Session PS8 Exploring the Feeling of Respect

Lecture 16: Other Feelings, Justice in Human-to-Human Relationship

Lecture 17: Understanding Harmony in the Society

Lecture 18: Vision for the Universal Human Order
Tutorial 9: Practice Session PS9 Exploring Systems to fulfil Human Goal
UNIT IV
Harmony in the Nature/Existence (4 lectures and 2 tutorials for practice session)
Lecture 19: Understanding Harmony in the Nature
Lecture 20: Interconnectedness, self-regulation and Mutual Fulfilment amongthe Four Orders of
Nature
Tutorial 10: Practice Session PS10 Exploring the Four Orders of Nature
Lecture 21: Realizing Existence as Co-existence at All Levels
Lecture 22: The Holistic Perception of Harmony in Existence
Tutorial 11: Practice Session PS11 Exploring Co-existence in Existence.
UNIT V
Implications of the Holistic Understanding – a Look at Professional Ethics (6 lectures and3
tutorials for practice session)
Lecture 23: Natural Acceptance of Human Values

Lecture 24: Definitiveness of (Ethical) Human Conduct

Tutorial 12: Practice Session PS12 Exploring Ethical Human Conduct
Lecture 25: A Basis for Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Universal HumanOrder

Page 82
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Lecture 26: Competence in Professional Ethics

Tutorial 13: Practice Session PS13 Exploring Humanistic Models in Education
Lecture 27: Holistic Technologies, Production Systems and Management Models-Typical Case Studies
Lecture 28: Strategies for Transition towards Value-based Life and Profession
Tutorial 14: Practice Session PS14 Exploring Steps of Transition towards Universal HumanOrder
Practice Sessions for
UNIT I – Introduction to Value Education
PS1 Sharing about Oneself
PS2 Exploring Human Consciousness

PS3 Exploring Natural Acceptance

Practice Sessions for UNIT II – Harmony in the Human Being
PS4 Exploring the difference of Needs of self and body
PS5 Exploring Sources of Imagination in the self
PS6 Exploring Harmony of self with the body

Practice Sessions for UNIT III – Harmony in the Family and Society
PS7 Exploring the Feeling of Trust

PS8 Exploring the Feeling of Respect

PS9 Exploring Systems to fulfil Human Goal
Practice Sessions for UNIT IV – Harmony in the Nature (Existence)
PS10 Exploring the Four Orders of Nature

PS11 Exploring Co-existence in Existence

Practice Sessions for UNIT V – Implications of the Holistic Understanding –
a Look at Professional Ethics
PS12 Exploring Ethical Human Conduct
PS13 Exploring Humanistic Models in Education
PS14 Exploring Steps of Transition towards Universal Human Order

Page 83
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Readings:
Textbook and Teachers Manual
a. The Textbook
R R Gaur, R Asthana, G P Bagaria, A Foundation Course in Human Values and
ProfessionalEthics, 2nd Revised Edition, Excel Books, New Delhi, 2019. ISBN 978-93-
87034-47-1
b. The Teacher’s Manual
R R Gaur, R Asthana, G P Bagaria,Teachers’ Manual for A Foundation Course in Human
Values and Professional Ethics, 2nd Revised Edition, Excel Books, New Delhi, 2019.
ISBN 978-93-87034-53-2
Reference Books
1. JeevanVidya: EkParichaya, A Nagaraj, JeevanVidyaPrakashan, Amarkantak, 1999.
2. Human Values, A.N. Tripathi, New Age Intl. Publishers, New Delhi, 2004.
3. The Story of Stuff (Book).
4. The Story of My Experiments with Truth - by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
5. Small is Beautiful - E. F Schumacher.

6. Slow is Beautiful - Cecile Andrews

7. Economy of Permanence - J C Kumarappa
8. Bharat Mein Angreji Raj – PanditSunderlal
9. Rediscovering India - by Dharampal
10. Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule - by Mohandas K. Gandhi
11. India Wins Freedom - Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
12. Vivekananda - Romain Rolland (English)
13. Gandhi - Romain Rolland (English)
Mode of Conduct:
Lecture hours are to be used for interactive discussion, placing the proposals about the topics at
hand and motivating students to reflect, explore and verify them.
Tutorial hours are to be used for practice sessions.
While analyzing and discussing the topic, the faculty mentor’s role is in pointing to essential
elements to help in sorting them out from the surface elements. In other words, help the students
explore the important or critical elements.
In the discussions, particularly during practice sessions (tutorials), the mentor encourages the
student to connect with one’s own self and do self-observation, self-reflection and self- exploration.

Page 84
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Scenarios may be used to initiate discussion. The student is encouraged to take up ”ordinary”
situations rather than” extra-ordinary” situations. Such observations and their analyses are shared
and discussed with other students and faculty mentor, in a group sitting.
Tutorials (experiments or practical) are important for the course. The difference is that the
laboratory is everyday life, and practical are how you behave and work in real life. Depending on
the nature of topics, worksheets, home assignment and/or activity are included. The practice sessions
(tutorials) would also provide support to a student in performing actions commensurate to his/her
beliefs. It is intended that this would lead to development of commitment, namely behaving and
working based on basic human values.
It is recommended that this content be placed before the student as it is, in the form of a basic
foundation course, without including anything else or excluding any part of this content. Additional
content may be offered in separate, higher courses. This course is to be taught by faculty from
every teaching department, not exclusively by any one department.
Teacher preparation with a minimum exposure to at least one 8-day Faculty Development Program
on Universal Human Values is deemed essential.
Online Resources:
1. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/UHV-
II%20Class%20Notes%20&%20Handouts/UHV%20Handout%201-
Introduction%20to%20Value%20Education.pdf
2. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/UHV-
II%20Class%20Notes%20&%20Handouts/UHV%20Handout%202-
Harmony%20in%20the%20Human%20Being.pdf
3. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/UHV-
II%20Class%20Notes%20&%20Handouts/UHV%20Handout%203-
Harmony%20in%20the%20Family.pdf
4. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/UHV%201%20Teaching%20Material/D3-
S2%20Respect%20July%2023.pdf
5. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/UHV-
II%20Class%20Notes%20&%20Handouts/UHV%20Handout%205-
Harmony%20in%20the%20Nature%20and%20Existence.pdf
6. https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/download/FDPTeachingMaterial/3-days%20FDP-
SI%20UHV%20Teaching%20Material/Day%203%20Handouts/UHV%203D%20D3-
S2A%20Und%20Nature-Existence.pdf
7. https://fdp-si.aicte-
india.org/UHV%20II%20Teaching%20Material/UHV%20II%20Lecture%2023-
25%20Ethics%20v1.pdf
8. https://www.studocu.com/in/document/kiet-group-of-institutions/universal-human-
values/chapter-5-holistic-understanding-of-harmony-on-professional-ethics/62490385
9. https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/aic22_ge23/preview

Page 85
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – I L T P C
Semester
Course Code SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
1004232101 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:
 Understanding the fundamental characteristics of signals and systems.
 Understanding the concepts of vector space, inner product space and orthogonal series.
 Understanding signals and systems in terms of both the time and transform domains, taking advantage of
the complementary insights and tools that these different perspectives provide.
 Development of the mathematical skills to solve problems involving convolution, correlation
and sampling.

UNIT-I
Signals & Systems: definition of signal & system, basic operations on signals, classification of signals,
basic continuous time signals and continuous time systems, classification of discrete time signals and
systems. Analogy between vectors and signals, Orthogonality, mean square error, complete set of
orthogonal functions. Vector spaces, Inner Product spaces, Schwartz inequality, Hilbert spaces, Bessel’s
inequality and Parseval’s relations.
UNIT-II
Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems: Time-Domain representation & Characterization of LTI systems,
Impulse response representation, Convolution integral & Convolution sum, properties of LTI systems,
Stability criteria for LTI systems, Elements of Continuous time & Discrete-time LTI systems. Circular
Convolution. Concepts of Correlation of signals, properties, applications.
UNIT-III
Fourier Representation of Signals: Fourier representation of Signals, Continuous -time Fourier series
and their properties, Application of Fourier series to LTI systems, Fourier Transform & its properties,
Applications of Fourier Transform to LTI systems, Discrete-time Fourier Transform & its properties,
Relationship to other transforms. Hilbert transform and itsproperties.

UNIT-IV
Laplace Transform: Introduction & Definition, Region-of- convergence, Properties of Laplace
transform, Inverse Laplace Transform, Applications of Laplace Transform in analysis of LTI systems,
Unilateral Laplace transform & its applications to solve differential equations, Analysis of Electric
circuits.
Z-Transform: The Z-Transform, Region-of-convergence, properties of Z-Transform, Inverse Z-
Transform, Transform Analysis of Discrete-time LTI systems, Unilateral Z-Transform & its applications
to LTI systems described by difference equations.

Page 86
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT-V
Sampling: Graphical & Analytical proof of Band-limited signals, Low pass and band pass sampling
theorems, sampling and reconstruction of band limited signals, Aliasing, Anti- aliasing filter, Illustrative
Problems.

Textbooks:
1. A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, “Signals and Systems”, 2nd
Edition,PHI, 2009.
2. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, B S Publications, 2003.
3. S.Haykin and B.VanVeen “Signals and Systems, Wiley, 1998.

Reference Books:
1. Signals and Systems – K Deergha Rao, Springer International Edition, 2018.
2. Principles of Linear Systems and Signals – BP Lathi, Oxford University Press, 2015
3. Hwei Hsu, “Schaum's Outline of Signals and Systems”, 4thEdition, TMH, 2019.
4. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems- Michel J. Robert, MGH International
Edition,2008.

Course Outcomes:

After completion of the course, the student will be able to

 Understand the mathematical description and representation of continuous-time and
discrete-time signals and systems, also apply the knowledge of linear algebra topics
like vector space, basis, dimension, inner product, norm and orthogonal basis to
signals.
 Classify systems based on their properties and determine the response of LTI system
using convolution.
 Analyze the frequency spectra of various continuous-time signals using Fourier
Analysis.
 Apply sampling theorem to convert continuous-time signals to discrete-time signals
and reconstruct back, different transform techniques to solve signals and system
related problems.
 Apply the Laplace transform and Z- transform for analyze of continuous-time and
discrete-time signals and systems.

*******

Page 87
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – I L T P C
Semester
Course Code ELECTRONIC DEVICES &
1004232102 CIRCUITS 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

 The students can understand the basic principles and characteristics of semiconductordevices like
Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET.

 The students can able to analyze diode & transistor circuits, various biasing methods,equivalent
circuits of transistor amplifiers and their comparison.

 The students can able to study and analyze various applications such as rectifiers, filters,transistor
amplifiers with necessary equivalent circuits.

UNIT-I:
P-N Junction Diode Characteristics
Qualitative theory of the p-n junction, open circuited p-n Junction, the p-n junction as a Diode, Diode act
as a Rectifier, V-I characteristics and its temperature dependence, the current components in a p-n Diode,
Diode Resistance and Diode Capacitance, piece-wise linear model, Diode current equation, Quantitative
analysis of Half-wave and Full-wave Rectifiers with and without filters, Breakdown mechanisms, Zener
diode, Zener diode as a voltage Regulator, LED, LCD, photo diode, solar cell.

UNIT-II:
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Characteristics
The junction transistor-construction, symbols and operation, transistor current components, transistor
current equation, transistor configurations, characteristics of CB, CE and CC configurations and their
comparison, the early effect, punch through/reach through, transistor as an amplifier, Ebers-Moll model of
a transistor, large signal, dc and small signal CE values of current gain, analytical expressions for
transistor characteristics, typical transistor-junction voltages, transistor as a switch, transistor switching
times, maximum voltage rating, photo transistor.

Page 88
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT-III:
Field Effect Transistor (FET) Characteristics
The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET)-types, construction and operation, the pinch-off voltage,
JFET characteristics, JFET parameters, JFET equivalent circuits, JFET applications, comparison
between BJT and JFET, Metal-oxide-Semiconductor FET (MOSFET)- types, Construction, operation
and characteristics, comparison between JFET and MOSFET, introduction to MOS, CMOS and Bi-
CMOS logics, nMOS, CMOS and Bi-CMOS inverter circuits and their operation.
UNIT-IV:
Transistor Biasing and Thermal Stabilization

Need for biasing, the operating point, load line analysis, BJT biasing- methods, fixed bias, collector to
base bias, self-bias, bias stability, stabilization against variations in VBE, IC, and β,stability factors, (S, S',
S'’), bias compensation, thermal runaway, thermal stability, Biasing of FETs, Introduction to two-port
network, transistor hybrid model, determination of h- parameters, conversion of h-parameters,
generalized analysis of transistor amplifier using h- parameters (exact analysis & approximate analysis).
UNIT-V:
Small Signal Transistor Amplifier Circuits
Low Frequency BJT & FET Amplifier Circuits: Analysis of CB, CE and CC amplifiers using h-
parameter model, comparison of BJT transistor amplifiers, FET small signal model, analysis of CG, CS
and CD amplifiers, comparison of FET amplifiers.
High Frequency BJT & FET Amplifier Circuits: Transistor at high frequencies, Hybrid- π model,
Hybrid-π conductance’s, Hybrid-π capacitances, Hybrid-π parameters in terms of h- parameters, CE
short circuit current gain, current gain with resistive load, high frequency analysis of FET common
source and common drain amplifier circuits.

Text Books:
1. Integrated Electronics – JacobMillman, C. Halkias, C.D.Parikh , Tata Mc-Graw Hill
Education (India) Private Limited, Second Edition, 2011.

2. Electronic Devices and Circuits- J. Millman, C. Halkias, Mc-Graw HillEducation(India)

Private Limited, Fourth Edition, 2015.
References:
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits- S Salivahanan, N Suresh Kumar, Tata Mc-Graw Hill,Third
Edition, 2012.

2. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory-R.L. Boylestad and LouisNashelsky, Pearson

Publications, Tenth Edition.

Page 89
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Course Outcomes:
After the completion of the course students could be able to

 Understand the principle of operation and characteristics of semiconductor devices of

Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET.

 Analyze the diode & transistor circuits with respect to various biasing methods and
equivalent circuits and their performance comparison.

 Analyze various applications of electronic circuits like rectifiers, rectifiers with filters,
transistor amplifiers with relevant equivalent circuits.

*****

Page 90
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – I L T P C
Semester
Course Code DIGITAL CIRCUITS DESIGN
1004232103 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:
 Understand the properties of Boolean algebra, logic operations, and minimization of
Boolean functions.
 Analyze the design concepts of combinational circuits
 Analyze the concepts of sequential logic circuits.
 Understand the concepts of FSM and compare various Programmable logic devices.
 Apply Verilog HDL on implementing Combinational and Sequential circuits.

UNIT-I
Boolean algebra, logic operations, and minimization of Boolean functions
Number Systems and Codes, Representation of unsigned and signed integers, Floating Point
representation of real numbers, Laws of Boolean Algebra, Theorems of Boolean Algebra,
Realization of functions using logic gates, Canonical forms of Boolean Functions, Minimization of
Functions using Karnaugh Maps, QM algorithm.
UNIT-II
Combinational Logic Circuits
Combinational circuits, Design with basic logic gates, design procedure, adders, subtractors, 4-bit binary adder/
subtractor circuit, BCD adder, carry look- a-head adder, magnitude comparator, multiplexers, demultiplexers,
decoders, encoders and priority encoders

UNIT-III
Sequential Logic Circuits
Basic architectural distinction between combinational and sequential circuits, Design procedure,
latches, flip-flops, truth tables and excitation tables, timing and triggering consideration,
conversion of flip- flops, registers, shift registers, universal shift register, design of synchronous
and asynchronous counters, ring counter, Johnson counter.
UNIT-IV
Finite State Machines and Programmable Logic Devices
Types of FSM, capabilities and limitations of FSM, state assignment, realization of FSM using flip-
flops, Mealy to Moore conversion and vice-versa, reduction of state tables using partitiontechnique,
Design of sequence detector, Introduction to logic families, Types of PLD’s: PROM, PAL, PLA,
basic structure of CPLD and FPGA, advantages of FPGAs.

Page 91
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT-V
Hardware Description Language
Introduction to Verilog- gate level, behavioral level and structural level modeling of logic circuits,
specification of logic circuits, hierarchical Verilog Code, Verilog for combinational circuits -
conditional operator, if-else statement, case statement, for loop, Verilog Operators, using Verilog
constructs for storage elements, Blocking and Non-blocking Assignments, flip- flop with clear
capability, Using Verilog Constructs for Registers and Counters.

Text Books:
1. M. Morris Mano, “Digital Design”, 3rd Edition, PHI. (Unit I to IV)
2. Stephen Brown and ZvonkoVranesic, “Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog
Design”, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill (Unit V)

Reference Books:
1. Charles H. Roth, Jr, “Fundamentals of Logic Design”, 4th Edition, Jaico Publishers.
2. ZviKohavi and NirajK.Jha, “Switching and Finite Automata Theory, 3rd Edition,Cambridge
University Press, 2010.
3. Samir Palnitkar, “Verilog HDL: A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis”, 2ndEdition,
Prentice Hall PTR.
4. D.P. Leach, A.P. Malvino, “Digital Principles and Applications”, TMH, 7th Edition.

Course Outcomes:
After completing the course, the student should be able to
 Understand the properties of Boolean algebra, logic operations, and minimization ofthe
Boolean functions (L2)
 Analyze combinational circuits (L3)
 Analyze sequential circiuts (L4)
 Analyze the concepts of finite state machines and Compare various Programmable logic
devices. (L4)
 Design and Model combinational and sequential circuits using HDLs. (L5, L6)

******

Page 92
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – I L T P C
Semester
Course Code ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS
1004232110 LAB 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

 Verify the theoretical concepts by conduct suitable experiment using necessaryhardware.

 Analyze the characteristics of Diodes, Rectifiers, BJT, FET by conduct experiments.

 Design an amplifier circuit using specifications and obtain the performance parameters
experimentally.

 Simulate the electronic circuits using EDA tools like PSPICE/Multisim.

PART A: Electronic Workshop Practice

1. Identification, Specifications, Testing of R, L, C Components (Colour Codes),
Potentiometers, Coils, Gang Condensers, Relays, Bread Boards.
2. Identification, Specifications and Testing of active devices like Diode, LED, BJT, FET and
MOSFET.
3. Soldering Practice- Simple circuits using active and passive components.
4. Study and operation of Ammeters, Voltmeters, Transformers, Analog and Digital Multimeter,
Function Generator, Regulated Power Supply and CRO.

PART B: List of Experiments: (Minimum Twelve Experiments has to be performed)

1. P-N Junction Diode Characteristics

Part A: Germanium Diode (Forward bias& Reverse bias)

Part B: Silicon Diode (Forward Bias only)

2. Zener Diode Characteristics

Part A: V-I Characteristics

Part B: Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator

3. Rectifiers (without and with c-filter)

Part A: Half-wave Rectifier

Part B: Full-wave Rectifier

4. BJT Characteristics (CE Configuration)

Part A: Input Characteristics Part B: Output Characteristics

Page 93
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

5. FET Characteristics (CS Configuration)

Part A: Drain Characteristics

Part B: Transfer Characteristics

6. Transistor Biasing

Part A: Operating Point

Part B: Load line analysis

7. Design and analysis of voltage- divider bias/self-bias circuit using BJT.

8. Design and analysis of self-bias circuit using FET/MOSFET.

9. CRO Operation and its Measurements

10. Determination of h-parameters of a given BJT using hybrid model.

11. Frequency response of BJT-CE Amplifier

12. Frequency response of Emitter Follower-CC Amplifier

13. Frequency response of FET-CS Amplifier

14. Frequency response of FET-CD Amplifier

PART C:

Hardware Required: Regulated Power supplies, Analog/Digital Storage Oscilloscopes, Analog/Digital

Function Generators, Digital Multimeters, Decade Résistance Boxes/Rheostats, Decade Capacitance Boxes,
Ammeters (Analog or Digital), Voltmeters (Analog or Digital), Active & Passive Electronic Components

Software Required: Software like Multisim/ PSPICE or Equivalent EDA Tool.

Course Outcomes:
After completing the course, the student should be able to

 The theoretical concepts shall be verified by conducting experiment using hardware.

 Analyze the characteristics of Diodes, Rectifiers, BJT, FET by conducting experiments.

 Design an amplifier circuit using specifications and obtain the performance parametersusing
hardware equipment.

 Simulate the electronic circuits using EDA tools like PSPICE/Multisim or equivalent.

*****

Page 94
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – I L T P C
Semester
Course Code DIGITAL DESIGN & SIGNAL SIMULATION LAB
1004232111 0 0 3 1.5

Course Objectives:
 Verify the truth tables of various logic circuits.
 Design sequential/combinational circuit using Hardware Description Language and
verify their functionality.
 Simulate various Signals and Systems through MATLAB
 Analyze the output of a system when it is excited by different types of deterministicand
random signals.

List Of Experiments:
PART A
1. Design a simple combinational circuit with four variables and obtain minimal SOP
expression and verify the truth table.
2. Verify the of functionality of 3 to 8-line Decoder
3. 4 variable logic function verification using 8 to1 multiplexer.
4. Design and verify the functionality of full adder circuit, full subtractor.
5. Draw the circuit diagram of a single bit comparator and verify the output.
6. Design and verify the functionality of different flipflops
7. Design and verify the operation of 4-bit Universal Shift Register for different Modes of
operation.
8. Design up counter and down counters
9. Design MOD–8 synchronous counter /asynchronous counters.
Note: Any seven experiment are to be simulated using Hardware Description Language

References:
1. M. Morris Mano, “Digital Design”, 3rd Edition, PHI

Page 95
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

PART B:
1. Generate various Signals and Sequences: Periodic and Aperiodic, Unit Impulse, Unit Step,
Square, Saw tooth, Triangular, Sinusoidal, Ramp, Sinc function.
2. Operations on Signals and Sequences: Addition, Multiplication, Scaling, Shifting, Folding,
Computation of Energy and Average Power.
3. Write a program to find the trigonometric & exponential Fourier series coefficients of a
rectangular periodic signal. Reconstruct the signal by combining the Fourier series coefficients
with appropriate weightings- Plot the discrete spectrum of the signal.
4. Write a program to find Fourier transform of a given signal. Plot its amplitude and phase
spectrum.
5. Write a program to convolve two discrete time sequences. Plot all the sequences.
6. Write a program to find autocorrelation and cross correlation of given sequences.
7. Write a program to verify Linearity and Time Invariance properties of a given Continuous
System.
8. Write a program to generate discrete time sequence by sampling a continuous time signal.
Show that with sampling rates less than Nyquist rate, aliasing occurs while reconstructing the
signal.
9. Write a program to generate Complex Gaussian noise and find its mean, variance, Probability
Density Function (PDF) and Power Spectral Density (PSD).
10. Note: Any seven experiments are to be simulated using MATLAB or equivalent software.
PART B:
1. Generate various Signals and Sequences: Periodic and Aperiodic, Unit Impulse, Unit Step,
Square, Saw tooth, Triangular, Sinusoidal, Ramp, Sinc function.
2. Operations on Signals and Sequences: Addition, Multiplication, Scaling, Shifting, Folding,
Computation of Energy and Average Power.
3. Write a program to find the trigonometric & exponential Fourier series coefficients of a
rectangular periodic signal. Reconstruct the signal by combining the Fourier series coefficients
with appropriate weightings- Plot the discrete spectrum of the signal.
4. Write a program to find Fourier transform of a given signal. Plot its amplitude and phase
spectrum.
5. Write a program to convolve two discrete time sequences. Plot all the sequences.
6. Write a program to find autocorrelation and cross correlation of given sequences.
7. Write a program to verify Linearity and Time Invariance properties of a given Continuous
System.
8. Write a program to generate discrete time sequence by sampling a continuous time signal.
Show that with sampling rates less than Nyquist rate, aliasing occurs while reconstructing the
signal.
9. Write a program to generate Complex Gaussian noise and find its mean, variance, Probability
Density Function (PDF) and Power Spectral Density (PSD).

Page 96
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

10. Note: Any seven experiments are to be simulated using MATLAB or equivalent software.

References:
Stephen J. Chapman, “MATLAB Programming for Engineers”, Cengage, November 2012.

Course Outcomes:
After completing the course, the student should be able to:
 Design and verify the functionality of various combinational logic circuits using HDL.(L2)
 Design and verify the functionality of various sequential logic circuits using HDL. (L2)
 Understand how to simulate different types of signals and system response. (L2)
 Analyze the response of different systems when they are excited by different signals and
plot power spectral density of signals. (L4)
 Generate different random signals for the given specifications. (L5)
******

Page 97
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – I L T P C
Semester PYTHON PROGRAMMING
Course Code
1004232180 (Skill Enhancement Course) 0 1 2 2

Course Objectives:
The main objectives of the course are to
• Introduce core programming concepts of Python programming language.
• Demonstrate about Python data structures like Lists, Tuples, Sets and dictionaries
• Implement Functions, Modules and Regular Expressions in Python Programming andto create
practical and contemporary applications using these

Course Outcomes:
After completion of the course, students will be able to
1. showcase adept command of Python syntax, deftly utilizing variables, data types, control
structures, functions, modules, and exception handling to engineer robust andefficient code
solutions. (L4)

2. apply Python programming concepts to solve a variety of computational problems(L3)

3. understand the principles of object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python, includingclasses,

objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation, and apply them to design and implement
Python programs (L3)

4. become proficient in using commonly used Python libraries and frameworks such asJSON, XML,
NumPy, pandas (L2)

5. exhibit competence in implementing and manipulating fundamental data structuressuch as lists,

tuples, sets, dictionaries (L3)
UNTI-I:
History of Python Programming Language, Thrust Areas of Python, Installing Anaconda Python
Distribution, Installing and Using Jupyter Notebook.
Parts of Python Programming Language: Identifiers, Keywords, Statements and Expressions,
Variables, Operators, Precedence and Associativity, Data Types, Indentation, Comments, Reading
Input, Print Output, Type Conversions, the type () Function and Is Operator, Dynamic and Strongly
Typed Language.

Page 98
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Control Flow Statements: if statement, if-else statement, if...elif…else, Nested if statement,while

Loop, for Loop, continue and break Statements, Catching Exceptions Using try and except
Statement.
Sample Experiments:
1. Write a program to find the largest element among three Numbers.
2. Write a Program to display all prime numbers within an interval
3. Write a program to swap two numbers without using a temporary variable.
4. Demonstrate the following Operators in Python with suitable examples.
i) Arithmetic Operators ii) Relational Operators iii) Assignment Operators iv) Logical
Operators v) Bit wise Operators vi) Ternary Operator vii) Membership Operators viii)
Identity Operators
5. Write a program to add and multiply complex numbers
6. Write a program to print multiplication table of a given number.
UNIT-II:
Functions: Built-In Functions, Commonly Used Modules, Function Definition and Calling the
function, return Statement and void Function, Scope and Lifetime of Variables, Default Parameters,
Keyword Arguments, *args and **kwargs, Command Line Arguments.
Strings: Creating and Storing Strings, Basic String Operations, Accessing Characters in Stringby
Index Number, String Slicing and Joining, String Methods, Formatting Strings.
Lists: Creating Lists, Basic List Operations, Indexing and Slicing in Lists, Built-In FunctionsUsed
on Lists, List Methods, del Statement.
Sample Experiments:
1. Write a program to define a function with multiple return values.
2. Write a program to define a function using default arguments.
3. Write a program to find the length of the string without using any library functions.
4. Write a program to check if the substring is present in a given string or not.
5. Write a program to perform the given operations on a list:
i. Addition ii. Insertion iii. slicing
6. Write a program to perform any 5 built-in functions by taking any list.

Page 99
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT-III:
Dictionaries: Creating Dictionary, Accessing and Modifying key:value Pairs in Dictionaries,Built-In
Functions Used on Dictionaries, Dictionary Methods, del Statement. Tuples and Sets: Creating Tuples,
Basic Tuple Operations, tuple() Function, Indexing and Slicing in Tuples, Built-In Functions Used on
Tuples, Relation between Tuples and Lists, Relation between Tuples and Dictionaries, Using zip()

Function, Sets, Set Methods, Frozenset

Sample Experiments:
1. Write a program to create tuples (name, age, address, college) for at least two membersand
concatenate the tuples and print the concatenated tuples.
2. Write a program to count the number of vowels in a string (No control flow allowed).
3. Write a program to check if a given key exists in a dictionary or not.
4. Write a program to add a new key-value pair to an existing dictionary.
5. Write a program to sum all the items in a given dictionary.
UNIT-IV:
Files: Types of Files, Creating and Reading Text Data, File Methods to Read and Write Data,Reading

and Writing Binary Files, Pickle Module, Reading and Writing CSV Files, Python osand os.path Modules.
Object-Oriented Programming: Classes and Objects, Creating Classes in Python, CreatingObjects in
Python, Constructor Method, Classes with Multiple Objects, Class Attributes Vs Data Attributes,
Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism.
Sample Experiments:
1. Write a program to sort words in a file and put them in another file. The output filesshould
have only lower-case words, so any upper-case words from source must be lowered.
2. Python program to print each line of a file in reverse order.

3. Python program to compute the number of characters, words and lines in a file

4. Write a program to create, display, append, insert and reverse the order of the items inthe array.
5. Write a program to add, transpose and multiply two matrices.
6. Write a Python program to create a class that represents a shape. Include methods to

7. calculate its area and perimeter. Implement subclasses for different shapes like circle,
triangle, and square.

Page 100
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT-V:
Introduction to Data Science: Functional Programming, JSON and XML in Python, NumPywith

Python, Pandas.
Sample Experiments:
1. Python program to check whether a JSON string contains complex object or not.
2. Python Program to demonstrate NumPy arrays creation using array () function.
3. Python program to demonstrate use of ndim, shape, size, dtype.
4. Python program to demonstrate basic slicing, integer and Boolean indexing.
5. Python program to find min, max, sum, cumulative sum of array
6. Create a dictionary with at least five keys and each key represent value as a list wherethis list
contains at least ten values and convert this dictionary as a pandas data frame and explore the
data through the data frame as follows:
a) Apply head () function to the pandas data frame
b) Perform various data selection operations on Data Frame
7. Select any two columns from the above data frame, and observe the change in one
attribute with respect to other attribute with scatter and plot operations in matplotlib
Reference Books:

8. Gowri shankar S, Veena A., Introduction to Python Programming, CRC Press.

9. Python Programming, S Sridhar, J Indumathi, V M Hariharan, 2nd Edition, Pearson,2024

10. Introduction to Programming Using Python, Y. Daniel Liang, Pearson.

Online Learning Resources/Virtual Labs:

1. https://www.coursera.org/learn/python-for-applied-data-science-ai
2. https://www.coursera.org/learn/python?specialization=python#syllabus
******

Page 101
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – I L T P C
Semester
Course Code ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
1001232125 2 0 0 --

Course Objectives:
 To make the students to get awareness on environment.
 To understand the importance of protecting natural resources, ecosystems for future
generations and pollution causes due to the day to day activities of human life
 To save earth from the inventions by the engineers

UNIT I
Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies: – Definition, Scope and Importance
–Need for Public Awareness.
Natural Resources : Renewable and non-renewable resources – Natural resources and associated
problems – Forest resources – Use and over – exploitation, deforestation, case studies – Timber
extraction – Mining, dams and other effects on forest and tribal people – Water resources – Use and
over utilization of surface and ground water – Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits
and problems – Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and
using mineral resources, case studies – Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by
agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water
logging, salinity, case studies. – Energy resources:
UNIT II
Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem. – Structure and function of an ecosystem – Producers,
consumers and decomposers – Energy flow in the ecosystem – Ecological succession – Food
chains, food webs and ecological pyramids – Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure
and function of the following ecosystem:
a. Forest ecosystem.
b. Grassland ecosystem
c. Desert ecosystem.
d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Page 102
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Biodiversity and its Conservation : Introduction 0 Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem
diversity – Bio-geographical classification of India – Value of biodiversity: consumptive use,
Productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values – Biodiversity at global, National and local
levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – Hot-sports of biodiversity – Threats to biodiversity:
habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – Endangered and endemic species of India
– Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

UNIT III
Environmental Pollution: Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of :
a. Air Pollution.
b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution
d. Marine pollution
e. Noise pollution
f. Thermal pollution
g. Nuclear hazards
Solid Waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes –
Role of an individual in prevention of pollution – Pollution case studies – Disaster management:
floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
UNIT IV
Social Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable development – Urban
problems related to energy – Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management –
Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case studies –
Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions – Climate change, global warming, acid rain,
ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies – Wasteland reclamation. –
Consumerism and waste products. – Environment Protection Act. – Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act. – Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act – Wildlife Protection Act –
Forest Conservation Act – Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation – Public
awareness.
UNIT V
Human Population and the Environment: Population growth, variation among nations.
Population explosion – Family Welfare Programmes. – Environment and human health –
Human Rights – Value Education – HIV/AIDS – Women and Child Welfare – Role of
information Technology in Environment and human health – Case studies.
Field Work: Visit to a local area to document environmental assets River/forest
grassland/hill/mountain – Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural
Study of common plants, insects, and birds – river, hill slopes, etc..

Page 103
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Textbooks:
1. Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses Erach Bharucha for
University Grants Commission, Universities Press.
2. Palaniswamy, “Environmental Studies”, Pearson education
3. S.Azeem Unnisa, “Environmental Studies” Academic Publishing Company
4. K.Raghavan Nambiar, “Text book of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Coursesas per
UGC model syllabus”, Scitech Publications (India), Pvt. Ltd.
References:
1. Deeksha Dave and E.Sai Baba Reddy, “Textbook of Environmental Science”, Cengage
Publications.
2. M.Anji Reddy, “Text book of Environmental Sciences and Technology”, BSPublication.
3. J.P.Sharma, Comprehensive Environmental studies, Laxmi publications.
4. J. Glynn Henry and Gary W. Heinke, “Environmental Sciences and Engineering”,Prentice
Hall of India Private limited
5. G.R.Chatwal, “A Text Book of Environmental Studies” Himalaya Publishing House
6. Gilbert M. Masters and Wendell P. Ela, “Introduction to Environmental Engineeringand
Science, Prentice Hall of India Private limited.

******

Page 104
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year II Semester
SYLLABUS

Page 105
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – II L T P C
Semester MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND
Course Code FINANCIALANALYSIS
1099232201 2 0 0 2

Course Objectives:
 To inculcate the basic knowledge of microeconomics and financial accounting
 To make the students learn how demand is estimated for different products, input-output
relationship for optimizing production and cost
 To Know the Various types of market structure and pricing methods and strategy
 To give an overview on investment appraisal methods to promote the students to learnhow to
plan long-term investment decisions.
 To provide fundamental skills on accounting and to explain the process of preparingfinancial
statements.

Course Outcomes:
 Define the concepts related to Managerial Economics, financial accounting and
management(L2)
 Understand the fundamentals of Economics viz., Demand, Production, cost,revenue and markets
(L2)
 Apply the Concept of Production cost and revenues for effective Business decision (L3)
 Analyze how to invest their capital and maximize returns (L4)
 Evaluate the capital budgeting techniques. (L5)
 Develop the accounting statements and evaluate the financial performance of businessentity (L5)
UNIT - I
Managerial Economics
Introduction – Nature, meaning, significance, functions, and advantages. Demand-Concept,
Function, Law of Demand - Demand Elasticity- Types – Measurement. Demand Forecasting-
Factors governing Forecasting, Methods. Managerial Economics and Financial Accounting and
Management.

UNIT - II
Production And Cost Analysis
Introduction – Nature, meaning, significance, functions and advantages. Production Function–
Least- cost combination– Short run and long run Production Function- Isoquants and Is costs, Cost
& Break-Even Analysis - Cost concepts and Cost behaviour- Break-Even Analysis (BEA)
- Determination of Break-Even Point (Simple Problems).

Page 106
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT - III
Business Organizations and Markets
Introduction – Forms of Business Organizations- Sole Proprietary - Partnership - Joint Stock
Companies - Public Sector Enterprises. Types of Markets - Perfect and Imperfect Competition -
Features of Perfect Competition Monopoly- Monopolistic Competition–Oligopoly-Price-
Output Determination - Pricing Methods and Strategies
UNIT - IV
Capital Budgeting
Introduction – Nature, meaning, significance. Types of Working Capital, Components, Sources of
Short-term and Long-term Capital, Estimating Working capital requirements. Capital
Budgeting– Features, Proposals, Methods and Evaluation. Projects – Pay Back Method,
Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) Net Present Value (NPV) Internal Rate Return (IRR) Method
(sample problems)
UNIT - V
Financial Accounting and Analysis
Introduction – Concepts and Conventions- Double-Entry Bookkeeping, Journal, Ledger, Trial
Balance- Final Accounts (Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet with
simple adjustments). Introduction to Financial Analysis - Analysis and Interpretation of
Liquidity Ratios, Activity Ratios, and Capital structure Ratios and Profitability.

Textbooks:
1. Varshney & Maheswari: Managerial Economics, Sultan Chand.
2. Aryasri: Business Economics and Financial Analysis, 4/e, MGH.

Reference Books:
1. Ahuja Hl Managerial economics Schand.
2. S.A. Siddiqui and A.S. Siddiqui: Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis,
NewAge International.
3. Joseph G. Nellis and David Parker: Principles of Business Economics, Pearson,
2/e,New Delhi.
4. Domnick Salvatore: Managerial Economics in a Global Economy, Cengage.

Page 107
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Online Learning Resources:

https://www.slideshare.net/123ps/managerial-economics-ppt
https://www.slideshare.net/rossanz/production-and-cost-45827016
https://www.slideshare.net/darkyla/business-organizations-19917607
https://www.slideshare.net/balarajbl/market-and-classification-of-
market https://www.slideshare.net/ruchi101/capital-budgeting-ppt-
59565396 https://www.slideshare.net/ashu1983/financial-accounting

Page 108
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – II L T P C
Semester LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS
Course Code
1004232201 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:
 Introduce the basic principles and applications of control systems.
 Learn the time response and steady state response of the systems.
 Know the time domain analysis and solutions to time invariant systems.
 Understand different aspects of stability analysis of systems in frequency domain.
 Understand the concept of state space, controllability and observability.
UNIT I
Control Systems Concepts: Open loop and closed loop control systems and their differences-
Examples of control systems- Classification of control systems, Feedback characteristics,
Effects of positive and negative feedback, Mathematical models – Differential equations of
translational and rotational mechanical systems and electrical systems, Analogous Systems,
Block diagram reduction methods – Signal flow graphs - Reduction using Mason’s gain
formula. Controller components, DC Servomotor and AC Servomotor- their transfer functions,
Synchros.
UNIT II
Time Response Analysis: Step Response - Impulse Response - Time response of first order
systems – Characteristic Equation of Feedback control systems, Transient response of second
order systems - Time domain specifications – Steady state response - Steady state errors and
error constants, Study of effects and Design of P, PI, PD and PID Controllers on second order
system.
UNIT III
Stability Analysis in Time Domain: The concept of stability – Routh’s stability criterion –
Stability and conditional stability - limitations of Routh’s stability. The Root locus concept -
construction of root loci-effects of adding poles and zeros to G(s) H(s) on the root loci.
UNIT IV
Frequency Response Analysis: Introduction, Frequency domain specifications-Bode
Diagrams-Determination of Frequency domain specifications and transfer function from the
Bode Diagram - Stability Analysis from Bode Plots. Polar Plots- Nyquist Plots- Phase margin
and Gain Margin-Stability Analysis.
Compensation techniques – Study of Effects and Design of Lag, Lead, Lag-Lead
Compensator design in frequency Domain on a second order system.

Page 109
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT V
State Space Analysis of Continuous Systems: Concepts of state, state variables and state model
- differential equations & Transfer function models - Block diagrams. Diagonalization, Transfer
function from state model, solving the Time invariant state Equations- State Transition Matrix and
its Properties. System response through State Space models. The concepts of controllability and
observability, Duality between controllability and observability.

Textbooks:
1. Modern Control Engineering by Katsuhiko Ogata, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd.,5thedition, 2010.
2. Control Systems Engineering by I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, New Age International
(P)Limited Publishers, 5th edition, 2007.

References:
1. Control Systems Principles & Design by M.Gopal, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill
Education,2012.
2. Automatic Control Systems by B. C. Kuo and Farid Golnaraghi, John wiley and sons,
8thedition,2003.
3. Feedback and Control Systems, Joseph J Distefano III, Allen R Stubberud& Ivan
JWilliams, 2nd Edition, Schaum's outlines, McGraw Hill Education,2013.
4. Control System Design by Graham C. Goodwin, Stefan F. Graebe and Mario E.
Salgado,Pearson, 2000.
5. Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems by Gene F. Franklin, J.D. Powell and
AbbasEmami- Naeini, 6th Edition, Pearson,2010.

Course Outcomes:
After completing the course, the student should be able to:
 Summarize the basic principles and applications of control systems. (L2)
 Understand the time response and steady state response of the systems. (L2)
 Understand the concept of state space, controllability and observability. (L2)
 Apply time domain analysis to find solutions to time invariant systems. (L3)
 Analyze different aspects of stability analysis of systems in frequency domain. (L4)

******

Page 110
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – II L T P C
Semester
Course Code EM WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES
1004232202 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:
 To understand and analyze different laws and theorems of electrostatic fields.
 To introduce fundamentals of static and time varying electromagnetic fields.
 To analyze the wave concept with the help of Maxwell’s equations.
 To demonstrate the concepts of wave theory and propagation of waves through
variousmediums.
 To develop skills in solving various problems related to transmission lines.
UNIT I
Review of Co-ordinate Systems, Electrostatics: Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity,
Electric Flux Density, Gauss Law and Applications, Electric Potential, Maxwell’s Two
Equations for Electrostatic Fields, Energy Density, Illustrative Problems. Convection and
Conduction Currents, Dielectric Constant, Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations; Capacitance –
Parallel Plate, Coaxial Capacitors, Illustrative Problems.
UNIT II
Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law and Applications, Magnetic Flux
Density, Maxwell’s Two Equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector
Potentials, Forces due to Magnetic Fields, Ampere’s Force Law, Inductances and Magnetic
Energy, Illustrative Problems.
Maxwell’s Equations (Time Varying Fields): Faraday’s Law and Transformer EMF,
Inconsistency of Ampere’s Law and Displacement Current Density, Maxwell’s Equations in all
possible forms and related Word Statements, Conditions at a Boundary Surface, Illustrative
Problems.
UNIT III
EM Wave Characteristics: Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect Dielectric Media,
Uniform Plane Waves – Definition, All Relations Between E & H, Sinusoidal Variations, Wave
Propagation in Lossy dielectrics, lossless dielectrics, free space, wave propagation in good
conductors, skin depth, Polarization & Types, Illustrative Problems.
Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal and Oblique Incidences, for both
Perfect Conductor and Perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and Total
Internal Reflection, Surface Impedance, Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem,
Illustrative Problems.

Page 111
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT IV
Transmission Lines - I: Types, Parameters, T & π Equivalent Circuits, Transmission Line
Equations, Primary & Secondary Constants, Expressions for Characteristic Impedance,
Propagation Constant, Phase and Group Velocities, Infinite Line, Lossless lines, distortion less
lines, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT V
Transmission Lines – II: Input Impedance Relations, Reflection Coefficient, VSWR, Average
Power, Shorted Lines, Open Circuited Lines, and Matched Lines, Low loss radio frequency and
UHF Transmission lines, UHF Lines as Circuit Elements, Smith Chart – Construction and
Applications, Quarter wave transformer, Single Stub Matching, Illustrative Problems.

Textbooks:
1. Elements of Electromagnetics, Matthew N.O. Sadiku, 4th Edition, Oxford
UniversityPress, 2008.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems, E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain,
2ndEdition, PHI, 2000.
3. Transmission Lines and Networks, Umesh Sinha, 8th Edition, Satya Prakashan
Tech. India Publications, New Delhi, 2003.

References:
1. Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines, G. S. N. Raju, 2nd
Edition,Pearson Education, 2013.
2. Engineering Electromagnetics, William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck, 7th Edition,
TataMcGraw Hill, 2006.
3. Electromagnetics, John D. Krauss, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1988.
4. Networks, Lines, and Fields, John D. Ryder,2nd Edition, PHI publications, 2012.
5.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of this course the student will be able to:
 Apply the laws & theorems of electrostatic fields to solve the related problems. (L3)
 Demonstrate the behavior of time-varying electromagnetic fields using Maxwell’s
equations. (L3)
 Analyze the electromagnetic wave propagation in different mediums. (L4)
 Determine the parameters of transmission lines for various frequencies. (L3)
 Apply various impedance matching techniques to solve problems in transmission lines.
(L3)
******

Page 112
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – II L T P C
Semester
ANALOG CIRCUITS
Course Code
1004232203 DESIGN 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:
 Understand the characteristics of multi stage, differential amplifiers, feedback,
powerand tuned amplifiers.
 Analyze the performance parameters of various amplifier circuits.
 Analyze different oscillator circuits based on the frequency of operation.
 Study and analyze the various pulse electronic circuits.

UNIT-I

Multistage Amplifiers: Classification of amplifiers, distortion in amplifiers, frequency

response of an amplifier, step response of an amplifier, methods of coupling, band pass of
cascaded stages, analysis of cascaded transistor amplifier, two stage RC coupled amplifier,
Darlington pair amplifier, Boot-strap emitter follower, Cascode amplifier, differential amplifier.

UNIT –II
Feedback Amplifiers: Classification of basic amplifiers, Feedback concept, types of feedback,
feedback topologies, characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers, generalized analysis of
feedback amplifiers, performance comparison of feedback amplifiers, method of analysis of
feedback amplifiers.

Oscillators: Oscillator principle, condition for oscillations, types of oscillators, RC-phase

shift and Wein bridge oscillators using BJT and FET, generalized analysis of LC
oscillators, Hartley and Colpitt’s oscillators using BJT and FET, crystal oscillator,
frequency stability of oscillators.

Unit-III
Power Amplifiers: Classification of amplifiers, Class A power Amplifiers, harmonic
distortions, Class B amplifier, Push-pull amplifier, Complementary symmetry push pull
amplifier, Class AB amplifier, Class-C amplifier, thermal stability and heat sink, distortion in
power amplifiers.

Unit-IV
Tuned Amplifiers: Introduction, Q-Factor, small signal tuned amplifiers, effect of cascading
single tuned and doubled tuned amplifiers on band width, stagger tuned amplifiers, comparison of
tuned amplifiers, large signal tuned amplifiers, stability of tuned amplifiers.

Unit-V
Pulse Electronic Circuits: Wave shaping circuits, diode clippers, diode comparator, diode
clampers, astable, mono stable and bi-stable multivibrators using BJT, Schmitt trigger using
BJT, Tunnel diode, UJT, Blocking oscillator, time base circuits.

Page 113
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Text Books:
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits - J.Millman, C.C. Halkias & S.Jit, TMH, 4thEdition,
2015.
2. Pulse and Digital Circuits- A.Anand Kumar, PHI Learning Private Limited, 2012.

References:
1. Integrated Electronics- Jacob Millman, C. Halkies&C.D.Parikh, TMH, 2nd
Edition,2010.
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits- S.Salivahanan& N.Suressh Kumar,TMH,3rd
Edition,2012.
3. Electronic Devices and Circuits – A.K.Maini & V.Agarawal, Wiley India
Pvt.Ltd., FirstEdition, 2009.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course the student will be able to

 Understand the characteristics of differential amplifiers, feedback and

poweramplifiers. (L2)
 Examine the frequency response of multistage and differential amplifier
circuits usingBJT & FETs at low and high frequencies. (L3)
 Investigate different feedback and power amplifier circuits based on the
application.(L4)
 Derive the expressions for frequency of oscillation and condition for
oscillation of RCand LC oscillator circuits. (L4)
 Evaluate the performance of different tuned amplifiers (L5)
 Design pulse analog circuits for the given specifications and application. (L6)

******

Page 114
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – II L T P C
Semester ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
Course Code
1004232204 3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

 To develop a fundamental understanding on Communication Systems

 To analyse various analog modulation & demodulation schemes
 Analyze the performance of various modulation techniques in the presence of AWGN
 To understand operation of AM & FM radio receivers

UNIT I
Amplitude Modulation- Basic blocks of Communication System, Need for modulation,
Amplitude (Linear) Modulation – AM, DSB-SC, SSB-SC and VSB-SC. Methods of generation
and detection, Comparison of different AM techniques, Application of different AM techniques.
UNIT II
Angle (Non-Linear) Modulation - Frequency and Phase modulation. Frequency Modulation:
Single tone frequency modulation, Narrow band FM, Wide band FM, Transmission bandwidth
of FM signals. Generation: Direct Method, Indirect Method. Detection: Balanced Frequency
discriminator, Zero crossing detector, Phase locked loop, Comparison of FM & AM,
Applications.
UNIT III
Noise Analysis - Internal and External Noise, Noise Calculation, Noise Figure, Noise
temperature, Noise analysis in AM receivers, Noise analysis in FM receivers, Threshold effect,
Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis.

Transmitters& Receivers: Classification of Transmitters, AM Transmitters, FM Transmitters.

Tuned radio frequency receiver, Super heterodyne receiver, RF section and Characteristics -
Frequency changing and tracking, Intermediate frequency, Image frequency, AGC, Amplitude
limiting, FM Receiver, Comparison of AM and FM Receivers.
UNIT IV
Pulse Analog Modulation techniques – Pulse Amplitude Modulation, Pulse width Modulation,
Pulse Position Modulation, Methods of generation and detection. Time division multiplexing,
Frequency Division Multiplexing, Noise performance.

Pulse Digital Modulation techniques- Elements of digital communication systems, Elements of

PCM: Sampling, Quantization & Coding, Quantization error, Companding in PCM systems.
Differential PCM systems (DPCM). Delta modulation, its draw backs, adaptive delta
modulation, comparison of PCM and DM systems, noise in PCM and DM systems.

Page 115
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT V
Digital Modulation Techniques: BASK, BFSK, BPSK, QPSK, generation and detection.
Baseband transmission: Base band signal receiver, probability of error and its mathematical
analysis, the optimum receiver, matched filter, coherent and non-coherent reception.

Text Books:
1. Communication Systems - Simon Haykin, John Wiley& Sons, 2ndEdition.
2. B. P. Lathi, Zhi Ding “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”,
Oxfordpress, 2011.
3. Digital Communication- Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005.

Reference Books:
1. Digital Communications – John Proakis, TMH, 1983
2. Digital and Analog Communication Systems - Sam Shanmugam,JohnWiley&
Sons,1999.
3. Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications -Bernard Sklar, F. J.
Harris,Pearson Publications, 2020.
4. Principles of Communication Systems- Taub and Schilling,Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course the student will be able to
 Understand the basics of communication system and analog modulation techniques.
 Apply the basic knowledge of signals and systems and understand the
concept ofFrequency modulation.
 Apply the basic knowledge of electronic circuits and understand the effect of
Noise incommunication system and noise performance of AM and FM systems.
 Understand TDM and Pulse Modulation techniques
 Evaluate the performance of digital modulation techniques.

******

Page 116
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – II L T P C
Semester ANALOG CIRCUITS DESIGN LAB
Course Code
1004232210 0 0 3 1.5

Course Objectives:
 Design and analysis of multistage, differential, feedback, power and tuned amplifiers.
 Design and analysis of diode clippers, diode clampers, astable, monostable multi
vibrators and Schmitt trigger using BJT.
 Categorize different oscillator circuits based on the application.
 Design the electronic circuits for the given specifications and for a given application.

List Of Experiments:
1. Design and analysis of Two-Stage RC-Coupled Amplifier
2. Design and Analysis of Darlington Pair Amplifier.
3. Design and Analysis of Cascode Amplifier.
4. Design and analysis of Differential Amplifier.
5. Design and Analysis of Voltage-Series/Voltage-Shunt Feedback Amplifier.
6. Design and Analysis of Current-Series/Current-Shunt Feedback Amplifier.
7. Design and Analysis of RC Phase Shift Oscillator
8. Design and Analysis of LC Heartley/Colpitts Oscillator
9. Design and Analysis of Class A power amplifier
10. Design and Analysis of Class AB amplifier
11. Design and analysis of Single Tuned amplifier.
12. Diode Clippers and Diode clampers
13. Astable and Monostable Multivibrators using BJT
14. Schmitt Trigger using BJT

Note: At least twelve experiments shall be performed using BJT/FET/ MOSFET devices and
the relevant circuits shall be designed and perform the analysis using both hardware and
equivalent EDA software tools.

Faculty members who are handling the laboratory shall see that students are given design
specifications for a circuit appropriately and monitor the design and analysis aspects of the
circuit.

Page 117
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course the student will be able to

 Know about the usage of equipment/components/software tools used to conduct

experiments in analog circuits. (L2)
 Conduct the experiment based on the knowledge acquired in the theory about various
analog circuits using BJT/FET/MOSFETs to find the important parameters of the
circuit experimentally. (L3)
 Analyze the given analog circuit to find required important metrics of it theoretically.
(L4)
 Compare the experimental results with that of theoretical ones and infer the
conclusions. (L4)
 Design the circuit for the given specifications. (L6)

******

Page 118
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – II L T P C
Semester
Course Code ANALOG AND DIGITAL
1004232211 COMMUNICATIONS LAB 0 0 3 1.5

Course Objectives:
 Understand the basics of analog and digital modulation techniques.
 Integrate theory with experiments so that the students appreciate the knowledge
gainedfrom the theory course.
 Design and implement different modulation and demodulation techniques and
theirapplications.
 Develop cognitive and behavioral skills for performance analysis of various
modulationtechniques.
List Of Experiments:
Design the circuits and verify the following experiments taking minimum of six from
eachsection shown below.
Section-A
1. AM Modulation and Demodulation
2. DSB-SC Modulation and Demodulation
3. FM Modulation and Demodulation
4. Radio receiver measurements
5. PAM Modulation and Demodulation
6. PWM Modulation and Demodulation
7. PPM Modulation and Demodulation
Section-B
1. Sampling Theorem.
2. Time Division Multiplexing
3. Frequency Division Multiplexing
4. Delta Modulation and Demodulation
5. PCM Modulation and Demodulation
6. BPSK Modulation and Demodulation
7. BFSK Modulation and Demodulation
8. QPSK Modulation and Demodulation
9. DPSK Modulation and Demodulation

Page 119
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Note: Faculty members (who are handling the laboratory) are requested to instruct the
students not to use readymade kits for conducting the experiments. They are advised to
make the students work in the laboratory by constructing the circuits and analyzing them
during the labsessions.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course the student will be able to
 Know about the usage of equipment/components/software tools used to conduct
experiments in analog and digital modulation techniques. (L2)
 Conduct the experiment based on the knowledge acquired in the theory about
modulation and demodulation schemes to find the important metrics of the
communication system experimentally. (L3)
 Analyze the performance of a given modulation scheme to find the important metrics
of the system theoretically. (L4)
 Compare the experimental results with that of theoretical ones and infer the
conclusions. (L4)

*****

Page 120
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – II L T P C
Semester
Course Code SOFT SKILLS
1004232280 0 1 2 2

Course Objectives:
 To encourage all round development of the students by focusing on soft skills
 To make the students aware of critical thinking and problem-solving skills
 To enhance healthy relationship and understanding within and outside an organization
 To function effectively with heterogeneous teams
Course Outcomes
 List out various elements of soft skills (L1, L2)
 Describe methods for building professional image (L1, L2)
 Apply critical thinking skills in problem solving (L3)
 Analyse the needs of an individual and team for well-being (L4)
 Assess the situation and take necessary decisions (L5)
 Create a productive workplace atmosphere using social and work-life skills ensuring
personal and emotional well-being (L6)
UNIT I
Soft Skills & Communication Skills
Soft Skills - Introduction, Need - Mastering Techniques of Soft Skills – Communication Skills
-Significance, process, types - Barriers of communication - Improving techniques.
Activities:
Intrapersonal Skills- Narration about self- strengths and weaknesses- clarity of thought – self-
expression – articulating with felicity.
(The facilitator can guide the participants before the activity citing examples from the
lives ofthe great, anecdotes and literary sources)
Interpersonal Skills- Group Discussion – Debate – Team Tasks - Book and film Reviews
by groups - Group leader presenting views (non- controversial and secular) on
contemporary issues or on a given topic.
Verbal Communication- Oral Presentations- Extempore- brief addresses and speeches-
convincing- negotiating- agreeing and disagreeing with professional grace.
Non-verbal communication – Public speaking – Mock interviews – presentations with an
objective to identify non- verbal clues and remedy the lapses on observation.

Page 121
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT II
Critical Thinking
Active Listening – Observation – Curiosity – Introspection – Analytical Thinking – Open-
mindedness – Creative Thinking - Positive thinking - Reflection
Activities:
Gathering information and statistics on a topic - sequencing – assorting – reasoning –
critiquingissues –placing the problem – finding the root cause - seeking viable solution –
judging with rationale – evaluating the views of others - Case Study, Story Analysis
UNIT III
Problem Solving & Decision Making
Meaning & features of Problem Solving – Managing Conflict – Conflict resolution –
Team building - Effective decision making in teams – Methods & Styles
Activities:
Placing a problem which involves conflict of interests, choice and views – formulating
the problem – exploring solutions by proper reasoning – Discussion on important
professional, career and organizational decisions and initiate debate on the
appropriateness of the decision.
Case Study & Group Discussion
UNIT IV
Emotional Intelligence & Stress Management
Managing Emotions – Thinking before Reacting – Empathy for Others – Self-awareness –
Self-Regulation – Stress factors – Controlling Stress – Tips
Activities:
Providing situations for the participants to express emotions such as happiness,
enthusiasm, gratitude, sympathy, and confidence, compassion in the form of written or
oral presentations.
Providing opportunities for the participants to narrate certain crisis and stress –ridden
situations caused by failure, anger, jealousy, resentment and frustration in the form of
written and oral presentation, Organizing Debates
UNIT V
Corporate Etiquette
Etiquette- Introduction, concept, significance - Corporate etiquette - meaning, modern
etiquette, benefits - Global and local culture sensitivity - Gender Sensitivity - Etiquette in
interaction- Cell phone etiquette - Dining etiquette - Netiquette - Job interview etiquette -
Corporate grooming tips -Overcoming challenges

Page 122
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

Activities
Providing situations to take part in the Role Plays where the students will learn about bad
and good manners and etiquette - Group Activities to showcase gender sensitivity, dining
etiquetteetc. - Conducting mock job interviews - Case Study - Business Etiquette Games
NOTE-:
1. The facilitator can guide the participants before the activity citing examples from the
lives of the great, anecdotes, epics, scriptures, autobiographies and literary sources
which bear true relevance to the prescribed skill.
2. Case studies may be given wherever feasible for example for Decision Making- The
decision of King Lear.
Prescribed Books:
1. Mitra Barun K, Personality Development and Soft Skills, Oxford University Press,
Pap/Cdr edition 2012
2. Dr Shikha Kapoor, Personality Development and Soft Skills: Preparing for
Tomorrow, I K International Publishing House, 2018

Reference Books:
1. Sharma, Prashant, Soft Skills: Personality Development for Life Success, BPB
Publications 2018.
2. Alex K, Soft Skills S.Chand & Co, 2012 (Revised edition)
3. Gajendra Singh Chauhan & Sangeetha Sharma, Soft Skills: An Integrated Approach
toMaximise Personality Published by Wiley, 2013
4. Pillai, Sabina & Fernandez Agna, Soft Skills and Employability Skills, Cambridge
University Press, 2018
5. Soft Skills for a Big Impact (English, Paperback, Renu Shorey) Publisher: Notion Press
6. Dr. Rajiv Kumar Jain, Dr. Usha Jain, Life Skills (Paperback English) Publisher :
VayuEducation of India, 2014
Online Learning Resources:
1. https://youtu.be/DUlsNJtg2L8?list=PLLy_2iUCG87CQhELCytvXh0E_y-bOO1_q
2. https://youtu.be/xBaLgJZ0t6A?list=PLzf4HHlsQFwJZel_j2PUy0pwjVUgj7KlJ
3. https://youtu.be/-Y-R9hDl7lU
4. https://youtu.be/gkLsn4ddmTs
5. https://youtu.be/2bf9K2rRWwo
6. https://youtu.be/FchfE3c2jzc
7. https://www.businesstrainingworks.com/training-resource/five-free-business-
etiquette-training-games/
8. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc24_hs15/preview
9. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_hs76/preview

Page 123
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

II Year – II L T P C
Semester
Course Code DESIGN THINKING & INNOVATION
1003232201 1 0 2 2

Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to familiarize students with design thinking process as a tool for
breakthrough innovation. It aims to equip students with design thinking skills and ignite the
minds to create innovative ideas, develop solutions for real-time problems.
Course Outcomes:
 Define the concepts related to design thinking. (L1, L2)
 Explain the fundamentals of Design Thinking and innovation (L1, L2)
 Apply the design thinking techniques for solving problems in various sectors. (L3)
 Analyse to work in a multidisciplinary environment (L4)
 Evaluate the value of creativity (L5)
 Formulate specific problem statements of real time issues (L3, L6)
UNIT I
Introduction to Design Thinking
Introduction to elements and principles of Design, basics of design-dot, line, shape, form as
fundamental design components. Principles of design. Introduction to design thinking, history
of Design Thinking, New materials in Industry.
UNIT II
Design Thinking Process
Design thinking process (empathize, analyze, idea & prototype), implementing the process in
driving inventions, design thinking in social innovations. Tools of design thinking - person,
costumer, journey map, brainstorming, product development
Activity: Every student presents their idea in three minutes, Every student can present design
process in the form of flow diagram or flow chart etc. Every student should explain about
product development.

Page 124
 Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous) B. Tech. VR23

UNIT III
Innovation
Art of innovation, Difference between innovation and creativity, role of creativity and
innovation in organizations- Creativity to Innovation- Teams for innovation- Measuring the
impact and value of creativity.
Activity: Debate on innovation and creativity, Flow and planning from idea to innovation,
Debate on value-based innovation.

UNIT IV
Product Design
Problem formation, introduction to product design, Product strategies, Product value, Product
planning, product specifications- Innovation towards product design- Case studies
Activity: Importance of modelling, how to set specifications, Explaining their own product
design.
UNIT V
Design Thinking in Business Processes
Design Thinking applied in Business & Strategic Innovation, Design Thinking principles that
redefine business – Business challenges: Growth, Predictability, Change, Maintaining
Relevance, Extreme competition, Standardization. Design thinking to meet corporate needs-
Design thinking for Startups- Defining and testing Business Models and Business Cases-
Developing & testing prototypes.
Activity: How to market our own product, About maintenance, Reliability and plan for startup.

Textbooks:

1. Tim Brown,Change by design, Harper Bollins (2009)

2. Idris Mootee, Design Thinking for Strategic Innovation, 2013, John Wiley & Sons.

Reference Books:

1. David Lee, Design Thinking in the Classroom, Ulysses press

2. Shrutin N Shetty, Design the Future, Norton Press
3. William Lidwell, Universal Principles of Design- Kritinaholden, Jill Butter.
4. Chesbrough. H, The Era of Open Innovation – 2013

Online Learning Resources:

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/110/106/110106124/
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/109/104/109104109/
https://swayam.gov.in/nd1_noc19_mg60/preview

Page 125