1 What is Envaromental Impact Assessement(EIA)?
Environmental impact assessment (EIA whether a project should be implemented and in
what form. EIA does not make decisions, but it is essential for those who do. ) is a policy
and management tool for both planning and decision-making. EIA assists to identify, predict,
and evaluate the foreseeable environmental consequences of proposed development projects,
plans, and policies. The outcome of an EIA study assists the decision maker and the general
public to determine
Environmental assessment (EA) refers to an understanding of the present status of
environmental impacts and a study of how to manage them. An environmental impact
statement (EIS) is the final step of an EIA/EA exercise where the conclusions of the
assessment are put out in a communicable form to the concerned developer or authority.
There is thus a distinction between the terms EIA, EA, and EIS.
A frequent opinion is that an EIA should usually only examine or look into the possible
negative consequences of a project on the environment. Any positive issues emerging from
the development are taken as stated by the project proponent or the developer. However, EIA
is not restricted or biased to the examination and mitigation of negative impacts alone. EIA
can also look into the possible positive issues due to the developmental projects and explore
or suggest ways of enhancing them further by carrying out modifications in the project.
2 In The Definition of EIA the term designated project
All major projects, including infrastructure projects, are subject to EIA according to the EU
Council Directive (97/11/EC of 3 March 1997).
An EIA relates to a specific project. The process ensures a detailed assessment of adverse and
beneficial environmental effects for a range of alternative solutions, depending on the detail of
assessments included in the SEA process, which varies between countries. The scoping process,
described in Section 4.1, is the basis for the consideration of alternatives. These assessments are
followed by recommendations for measures to minimise or compensate negative environmental
impacts.
All environmental factors are also assessed for the situation where the project or the plan is not
implemented. This is often termed the "do nothing" scenario. The future situation without the
project should be described primarily for getting a reference.
3 What are some of the method EIA
. The methods discussed are:
1. matrices
2. networks
3. quantitative methods
4. overlays
5. PADC method
Matrices : The main purpose of the Leopold Matrix is the identification of impacts
and the determination of their magnitude and importance (Leopold et al, 1971). In
this method project actions are related to environmental components. Actions are
ranged horizontally (columns) and components are listed vertically (row)
Networks: Networks represent an attempt to solve the problem of identifying second
and higher order impacts. In the Sorensen network, development actions are linked to
Quantitative Methods: Certain methods have been developed which require the
quantification of all impacts so that total scores fox a number of alternatives can be derived
Overlays: The use of overlays is well established in planning
4 What is Generalized Flow Of EIA
5 What Are Steps Of EIA
Step 1: Screening:
This step determines:
•whether or not EIA is required for a particular project •what
level of EIA is required
Step 2: Scoping:
begins once screening is completed the most important step in
EIA establishes the content and scope of an EIA report
Step 3: Impact Mitigation:
to avoid, minimise or remedy adverse impacts
to ensure that residual impacts are within
acceptable levels to enhance environmental and
social benefits
Step 4: Reporting:
Different name of EIA reports §
Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIA Report) §
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Environmental Statement (ES) §
Environmental Assessment Report (EA Report) §
Environmental Effects Statement (EES)
Step 5: Review
Review the quality of the EIA report.
Take public comments into account.
Determine if the information is sufficient.
Identify any deficiencies to be corrected.
Step 6: Decision Making
To provide key input to help determine if a proposal is acceptable
To help establish environmental terms and conditions for project
implementation
6 Write About The EIA Of Mining Project
Impacts on water resources
Acid mine drainage and contaminant leaching
Erosion of soils and mine wastes into surface waters
Impacts of mine dewatering
Incidental releases of mercury
Noise and vibration
Habitat loss
Habitat fragmentation
Human displacement and resettlement
