Health:
- adolescents: المراهقون
- adolescence: مرحلة المراهقة
- rudimentary (crude, primitive) # (advanced, evolved, developed) | Doctors
in some poor hospitals have very rudimentary equipment
- Rampant (uncontrolled, unhampered, unrestrained) # (checked, curbed,
controlled) | TB was one of the most rampant diseases of the 20th century
- Administer (dispense, distribute, hand out) | To give (medicine) | The
doctor administered medicine to the patient by injection
- Epidemic وباء
- Diagnose | After listening to the patients symptomps, the doctor diagnosed
her with the flu
- Deterioration (decay, decline, descent) # (recovery, recuperation,
rehabilitation) | The patients condition deteriorated overnight
- Aerobic
Environment:
- ubiquitous: واسع االنتشار
- stringent rules: قوانين صارمة
- Vegetation
- Erision (deterioration, disintegration, destruction) | soil, coastal, wind
| Desertification is principally caused by soil erosion
- Habitat (environment, dwelling, surroundings) | natural habitat, native
habitat, loss of habitat | The natural habitat of the Rhino is being destroyed
- Deforestation (logging, clearing, cutting down) # (reforestation,
afforestation) | Deforestation is one of the most serious issues we face today
- Inhabit (occupy, reside, live in) | inhabit area, inhabit region, inhabit
place | Several species of monkeys ihhabit the island
- Nocturnal (night-loving, nightly) # (diurnal) | Owls are monstly nocturnal
animals, prefering to hunt at night
- Evolution (development, progression, transformation) | process, stage,
theory of evolution | All living things have developed through the process of
evolution
- Diverse (varied, distinct, disparate) | diverse range, group, culture | The
island has a diverse range of plant life
- Adapt (modify, alter, readjust) | adapt to, from | It took a while to adapt
to the new country
- Species | endangered species, different/other species, rare species |
Rhinos are now a protected endangered species
- Fossil fuels | Consequences of using, global warming/climate change | Our
reliance on fossil fuels is really damaging the planet
- Renewable energy | Renewable energy is much cleaner than burning fossil
fuels
- Emissions | A reduction in CO2 emissions is essential is combat climate
change | Green Peace are an environmental conservation group
- Conservation (preservation, protection, safeguarding) | energy, nature,
wildlife conservation
- Ecosystem | complex ecosystem, fragile ecosystem | marine ecosystem, desert
ecosystem | The marine ecosystem was badly damaged by toxic waste
- Thrive ( ازدهرprosper, flourish, bloom) | thrived in, thrived on | Due to
having no natural predators the plants thrived
- Viable, feasible قابل للتطبيق
- Desertification | Desertification is caused by over farming and soil
erosion
Education:
- stiff competition: منافسة قوية
- prosperous careers
- undergoing: يخضع لـ
- adolescents: المراهقون
- adolescence: مرحلة المراهقة
- children’s cognitive development: تنمية المعرفية للأطفال
- keep abreast of the times: مواكبة التطورات الحديثة
- Compulsory (Obligatory, mandatory, essential) | Compulsory education,
subjects | Maths was a compulsory subject at my school
- Curriculum (Syllabus, program) | School curriculum | The university offers
a business curriculum
- Inquisitive (curious, inquiring) | She was a very inquisitive student,
always doing extra work after class
- Discipline (regulation, control) | impose discipline, maintain discipline,
lack of discipline | The teacher maintained discipline in the classroom
- Peer (associate, friends, companions) | peer pressure, peer group |
Students were under a lot of pressure to the like their peers
- Remedial (reformative, recifying, corrective) | Students who don't pass
must attend remedial classes
- Qualification (certificate, diploma, degree) | gain qualifications, obtain
qualifications, achieve qualifications | she didn't have enough qualifications to
get the job
- Research (investigate, study, analyse) | do research, carry out research,
conduct research | She did a lot of research before writing her essay
- Visual (illustration, figure, graphic) | visual information, learner, aid |
Some learners prefer to learn through visual information, rather than words
- Theory (hypothesis, thesis, assumption) | support, reject, test theory |
His essay discussed the theory of relativity
- Procrastinate (delay, stall, put off) # (carry out, expedite, go ahead) |
When I have a lot of revision to do I always procrastinate
- Distance learning
- Literacy (proficiency) | adult literacy, literacy rate, computer literacy |
Literacy levels have fallen recently due to increased use of phones
- innate skills
- vocational subjects المواد المهنية
Sport:
- Punishments: عقوبات
- Lawbreakers: مخترقون للقانون
- fierce competition: منافسة شرسة
- stringent rules: قوانين صارمة
- meticulously conducted: تنفيذ بدقة
Development:
- initiate: يبدأ
- bankrupt:
Globalization:
- commonplace: شائع
- ubiquitous: واسع االنتشار
Public Transport:
- hectic schedule: جدول زمني مزدحم
Criminal Justice:
- adolescents: المراهقون
- adolescence: مرحلة المراهقة
- stringent rules: قوانين صارمة
Youth Crime:
- adolescents: المراهقون
- adolescence: مرحلة المراهقة
- stringent rules: قوانين صارمة
Technology:
- commonplace: شائع
- ubiquitous: واسع االنتشار
- Innovative (inventive, ingenious, original) | Steve Jobs was an innovative
CEO
- Develop | To change into a more advanced or stronger form
- Modify | To change something in order to make it better | I modified my
laptop by adding more memory and a faster processor
- Breakthrough (discovery, leap, finding) | major, significant, scientific |
Scientists have made a big breakthrough in the search for a cure for cancer
- Obsolete (antiquated, outmoded, archaic) | become, make something | The CD
player has become obsolete with the introduction of MP3 players
- Progress (development, improvement, growth) | considerable, dramatic,
little | The 20th Century saw rapid technological progress
- Reviolutionise (transform, recast) | There is no doubt that the internet
has revolutionised our lives
- Cutting-edge ADJ | Very modern (leading edge, vanguage, forefront) |
research, design, technology | The new laptop is the cutting-edge of computer
technology
- Intuitive (innate) | Simple to use and understand | extremel, highly, very
| Apple is successful because its products are so intuitive
- Viral | To become very popular, very quickly on the internet | The blue
dress picture was on every Facebook wall after it went viral
- Censorship (restriction, suppression) | impose, strict, government |
Censorship in China means people can't access Facebook and Google
- Browse | Rather than go to the shops, I normally browse products on the
internet
-
Government Spending:
- remuneration: تعويض
- initiate: يبدأ
- prosecute: يقاضي
- spend our resources
- pressing problems
Culture:
- Cultural homogenization
- Cultural convergence
General:
Resort: يلجا
resent
redundant
to dispense phones with books
dressing problems
as it costs an exorbitant amount
to benefit mankind
immoral
endure hardship
Writing Task 1
- stiff competition / severe competition
culminating / ends up
devised countries / developed nations
- evident / clear
- undergoing / t5d3
- initiate / start
- commonplace / well known
- ubiquitous / spread so much
- hectic schedule / busy schedule
- remuneration / salary / wage
- adolescents / teenagers
- adolescence / teenage period
- irrespective / regardless
------------------------------------------------------------
Writing Task 2
disparations / tafawot
discrepancies -----> disparations
undergoing -----> t5d3
outnumber
- dimish / decrease
-------------------
- is the prominent reason behind this
- the most viable solutions
