Diffraction Gratings

Diffraction Gratings
• Reflection Gratings
• Transmission Gratings
• Ruled and Holographic Gratings
• Beamsplitters
• UV-VIS-NIR

For Applications In:

Chemistry
Physics
Life Science
Engineering
Communications

Optometrics Corporation
Wavelength Selection Solutions
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 Optometrics Corporation

Products
• Gratings
Originals and Replicated, Ruled and Holographic;
Grazing Incidence, Echelles, Telecom and
Transmission Gratings

• Beamsplitters
Reflecting/Transmitting
Beamsplitters,
Transmission Grating
Beamsplitters, Beam

O ptometrics Corporation has, for more than forty

years, designed and manufactured a broad selec-
tion of diffraction gratings for a variety of applications in
Dividers/Combiners

• Optical Components
Mirrors, Lenses, Windows, Flats, Beamsplitters,
the industrial, educational and research markets. In-house
Prisms
ruling capabilities, along with both production and devel-
opment holographic laboratories allow our customers to • Filters
choose the right grating for their application. Soft Coated, Near Ultraviolet,
Visible, Near Infrared, and
Standard gratings for spectroscopic instruments include Laser Line Filters
both ruled and holographic replicas. Standard gratings for
• Infrared & Laser
laser applications include high damage threshold original
Products
and replicated gratings for molecular lasers, holographic
Laser Gratings,
grazing incidence gratings for dye lasers and echelles.
Holographic and Ruled
Wire Grid Polarizers
The newest additions to Optometrics’ line of diffraction
gratings include Transmission gratings and Reflecting/ • Monochromators
Transmitting “Polka-dot” beamsplitters. Mini-Chrom
Monochromators
Facilities
Optometrics’ facility in Ayer, Massachusetts contains space
for offices, engineering, R&D and production. Equipment
that support our broad range of capabilities includes:
• Four metal vacuum coating systems;
• Three thin-film soft coated filter vacuum
coating systems;
• Systems & Accessories
• Two Ion-Assisted Deposition hard coat vacuum
coating systems; Monochromatic Light Modules, Sample
• Three grating ruling engines; Compartments, Detectors, Light Sources, Modular
• Production holographic laboratory; Recording Spectrophotometers
• R&D holographic laboratory;
• Full replication and lamination facilities; • SPF-290S
• Full assembly, alignment and test facilities; Spectrophotometer for determining Sunscreen
• Full complement of test equipment for spectral testing Protection Factors
from the UV to the Far Infrared, for mechanical and
flatness testing, for humidity and environmental testing;
• Extensive marking, packaging and bar coding Plus specialized packaging, bar coding and Kanban
equipment and capabilities stocking arrangements for all OEM customers.

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 Diffraction Gratings

Goals
Optometrics goal is to provide advanced optical
components and systems for use in wavelength selection TABLE OF CONTENTS
applications found in:
• Analytical Chemistry Background Technology Information
• Life Sciences Background & Technology Information...................4
• Telecom Applications
• Physics
Products
• Education
• Space Sciences Standard Ruled and Holographic
Replica Gratings...............................................10
and other applications where high quality optics are key. High Resolution Gratings and Echelles................14
TF and UTF Series Gratings and
In order to accomplish this, the Company has assembled Echelles For Dye Laser................................... 16
state-of-the-art facilities and people to produce:
Grazing Incidence Gratings..................................18
• diffraction gratings, ruled & holographic, original &
replicated, reflection and transmission ML Series Replicated Gratings.............................19
• interference and neutral density filters Transmission Gratings
• optical components Visible and NIR................................................23
• laser gratings & products UV....................................................................25
• monochromators & accessories Reflecting/Transmitting
• spectrophotometers “Polka Dot” Beamsplitters................................26
• wire grid polarizers, ruled & holographic, and Transmission Grating Beamsplitters.....................28

OEM Services
Optometrics caters, in particular, to the needs of its Ordering Information
OEM customers by offering special services such as: Terms & Conditions..............................................29
• Kanban stocking arrangements
Order form ...........................................................30
• Custom packaging programs
• Bar coding capabilities
• Code names for complete confidentiality
• Higher level pre-aligned optical assemblies

The company is also proud of its ability to support

customers in all phases of the product development Optometrics Corporation
cycle. 8 Nemco Way
Ayer, MA 01432 USA
Tel: (978) 772-1700
Fax: (978) 772-0017
E-Mail: sales@optometrics.com
URL: www.optometrics.com

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Diffraction Gratings Background and Technology

DIFFRACTION GRATINGS where n is the order of diffraction, λ is the diffracted wave-

length, d is the grating constant (the distance between
A grating consists of a series of equally spaced paral-
reflective coating deposited on successive grooves), i is the angle of incidence measured
lel grooves formed in a reflective
substrate. The distance between adjacent from the normal and i’ is the angle of diffraction measured
a suitable substrate.
from the normal.
grooves and the angle the grooves form with respect to
influence both the dispersion and efficiency
the substrate influence efficiency
specific diffracted order (n) and angle of incidence
For a specific
of a grating. If the wavelength of the incident radiation is
(i), different wavelengths (λ) will have different diffraction
much larger than the groove spacing, diffraction will not
angles (i’), separating polychromatic radiation incident on
occur. If the wavelength is much smaller than the groove
the grating into its constituent wavelengths.
spacing, the facets of the groove will act as mirrors and,
again, no diffraction will take place.

The way in which the grooves are formed separates

THE RULING PROCESS
ruled.
gratings into two basic types, holographic and ruled. The initial steps in ruling an original or master grating
reflective surface with
Physically forming grooves into a reflective includes the selection of an appropriate substrate, usually
a diamond mounted on a “ruling engine” produces ruled glass or copper, polishing the substrate to a high degree
gratings. Gratings produced from laser constructed in- flatness, and coating it with a thin layer of aluminum by
of flatness,
terference patterns and a photolithographic process are vacuum deposition. The ruling of parallel, equally spaced
known as interference or holographic gratings. grooves is a slow process that can require several days
of set-up and testing prior to the actual ruling. The rul-
Optometrics is one of the few companies that produces ing engine must be able to retrace the exact path of the
both types of gratings in-house and has full replication diamond forming tool on each stroke and to index (ad-
expertise. Ruled and holographic gratings
facilities and expertise. Ruled vance) the substrate a predetermined amount after each
differ in their optical characteristics and each type has cut. Both groove parallelism and displacement must be
specific applications.
advantages for specific controlled with great precision. A series of “test” rulings
efficiency, groove
are made and the grating is checked for efficiency,
profile and stray light. After each test, a minor mechanical
profile
GRATING EQUATION adjustment may have to be made. It can take a week or
profile for
more of repeated testing to optimize the groove profile
The general grating equation is usually written as:
specific optical characteristics. After exhaustive testing, an
specific
nλ = d(sin i + sin i’)
original grating is ruled on a large substrate. An original
grating is obviously very expensive and, consequently,
gratings saw only limited use until after the development
Grating of the replication process.
Normal Diffraction
Normal to
Radiation
Groove Face
i'
“0” Order
Radiation THE HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESS
Incident first step in the production of a
Like a ruled grating, the first
Radiation i holographic grating is the selection of an appropriate pol-
i
ished substrate. The substrate for a holographic grating
is, however, coated with a photosensitive (photoresist)
q reflective coating used in ruled
material rather than the reflective
gratings. The photoresist is exposed by positioning the
d
Blaze Arrow coated blank between the intersecting beams of mono-
chromatic and coherent light produced by a laser. The
GRATING ANGLES AND TERMS
intersecting laser beams generate a series of parallel,

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Optometrics Corporation
 Background and Technology Diffraction Gratings

equally spaced interference fringes whose intensities tuning applications, but most applications will require
vary in a sinusoidal pattern. This fringe pattern exposes some deviation between the incident and diffracted
the resist differentially. Since the solubility of the resist beams. Small deviations from the Littrow mounting
is dependent on its exposure to light, the development seldom have an appreciable effect on grating perfor-
process transfers the varying intensities of the interfer- mance other than to limit the maximum wavelength
ence fringes to the surface of the resist. The substrate is achievable. Unless otherwise stated, all performance
then coated with a reflective material and can be used curves in this brochure present blazed first order
as is, or replicated by the same process used for ruled Littrow data.
originals.

Since holographic gratings are produced optically, groove BLAZE ANGLE AND WAVELENGTH
form and spacing are perfectly consistent. Holographic The grooves of a ruled grating have a sawtooth
gratings are, therefore, free from the periodic and random profile with one side longer than the other. The
spacing errors responsibile for “ghosts” and stray light angle made by a groove’s longer side and the plane
in ruled gratings. The result is that holographic gratings of the grating is the “blaze angle.” Changing the
generate much less stray light than ruled gratings. blaze angle concentrates diffracted radiation to a
specific region of the spectrum, increasing the effi-
ciency of the grating in that region. The wavelength
EFFICIENCY at which maximum efficiency occurs is the “blaze
Grating efficiency is primarily a function of groove wavelength.”
shape, angle of incidence, and the reflectance of the
coating. Holographic gratings are generally less efficient than
ruled gratings because they cannot be “blazed” in
The absolute efficiency of a grating is the percent- the classical sense. Their sinusoidal shape can, in
age of incident monochromatic radiation that is dif- some instances, be altered to approach the efficiency
fracted into the desired order. In contrast, relative of a ruled grating. There are also special cases that
efficiency compares the energy diffracted into the should be noted, i.e. when the spacing to wavelength
desired order with that of a plane mirror coated with ratio is near one, a sinusoidal grating has virtually
the same material as the grating. When comparing the same efficiency as a ruled grating. A holographic
grating performance curves, it is important to keep grating with 1800 g/mm can have the same efficiency
this in mind. A relative efficiency curve will always at 500 nm as a blazed, ruled grating. In addition,
show higher values than an absolute efficiency curve a special process enables Optometrics’ holographic
for the same grating. The efficiency curves in this gratings to achieve a true sawtooth profile peaked
brochure present absolute efficiency data. at 250 nm, an ideal configuration for UV applications
requiring good efficiency with low stray light.
Angle of incidence plays a role in grating perfor-
mance. Because of the infinite number of configura-
tions that a grating can be used in, a standard ge-
ometry is used in the measurement of the gratings.
This is the Littrow (or autocollimation) mounting. In
this mounting configuration, the diffracted order and
wavelength of interest is directed back along the
path of the incident light (i=i’). The blaze angle of
a ruled grating is calculated based on this mounting.
This mounting is practical and necessary for laser

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Diffraction Gratings
Diffraction Gratings Background
Background and
and Technology
Technology

RESOLVING POWER
RESOLVING POWER dλ = λ
dλ = λ
The resolving power of a grating is the product of the di
di
2 tan i
2 tan i
The resolving power of a grating is the product of the
diffracted order in which it is used and the number of
diffracted order in which it is used and the number of
grooves intercepted by the incident radiation. It can
grooves intercepted by the incident radiation. It can This formula may be used to determine the angular
also be expressed in terms of grating width, groove This formula may be used to determine the angular
also be expressed in terms of grating width, groove separation of two spectral lines or the bandwidth that
spacing and diffracted angles. The “theoretical resolv- separation of two spectral lines or the bandwidth that
spacing and diffracted angles. The “theoretical resolv- will be passed by a slit subtending a given angle at
ing power” of a diffraction grating with N grooves is: will be passed by a slit subtending a given angle at
ing power” of a diffraction grating with N grooves is: the grating.
the grating.
λλ = Nn
Dλ = Nn
Δλ
DIFFRACTED ORDERS
The actual resolving power of a grating depends on DIFFRACTED ORDERS
The actual resolving power of a grating depends on
the accuracy of the ruling, with 80-90% of theoretical For a given set of angles (i,i´) and groove spacing,
the accuracy of the ruling, with 80-90% of theoretical For a given set of angles (i,i´) and groove spacing,
being typical of a high quality ruling. the grating equation is valid at more than one wave-
being typical of a high quality ruling. the grating equation is valid at more than one wave-
length, giving rise to several “orders” of diffracted
length, giving rise to several “orders” of diffracted
Resolving power is a property of the grating and is radiation. The reinforcement (constructive interfer-
Resolving power is a property of the grating and is radiation. The reinforcement (constructive interfer-
not, like resolution, dependent on the optical and ence) of diffracted radiation from adjacent grooves
not, like resolution, dependent on the optical and ence) of diffracted radiation from adjacent grooves
mechanical characteristics of the system in which it occurs when a ray is in phase but retarded by a
mechanical characteristics of the system in which it occurs when a ray is in phase but retarded by a
is used. whole integer. The number of orders produced is
is used. whole integer. The number of orders produced is
limited by the groove spacing and the angle of inci-
limited by the groove spacing and the angle of inci-
dence, which obviously cannot exceed 90 degrees.
dence, which obviously cannot exceed 90 degrees.
SYSTEM RESOLUTION
SYSTEM RESOLUTION At higher orders, efficiency and free spectral range
At higher orders, efficiency and free spectral range
decrease while angular dispersion increases. Order
The resolution of an optical system, usually deter- decrease while angular dispersion increases. Order
The resolution of an optical system, usually deter- overlap can be compensated for by the judicious use
mined by examination of closely spaced absorption overlap can be compensated for by the judicious use
mined by examination of closely spaced absorption of sources, detectors and filters and is not a major
or emission lines for adherence to the Raleigh criteria of sources, detectors and filters and is not a major
or emission lines for adherence to the Raleigh criteria problem in gratings used in low orders.
(R = λ/∆λ), depends not only on the grating resolving problem in gratings used in low orders.
(R = λ/Δλ), depends not only on the grating resolving
power but on focal length, slit size, f number, the op-
power but on focal length, slit size, f number, the op-
tical quality of all components and system alignment.
tical quality of all components and system alignment. Normal to
The resolution of an optical system is usually much Surface
The resolution of an optical system is usually much
less than the resolving power of the grating.
less than the resolving power of the grating.
Incident
Beam 2nd Order 1st Order

DISPERSION
DISPERSION
Angular dispersion of a grating is a product of the 0th Order
Angular dispersion of a grating is a product of the 3rd Order
angle of incidence and groove spacing. Angular
angle of incidence and groove spacing. Angular
dispersion can be increased by increasing the angle
dispersion can be increased by increasing the angle
of incidence or by decreasing the distance between
of incidence or by decreasing the distance between
successive grooves. A grating with a large angular -1st Order
successive grooves. A grating with a large angular
dispersion can produce good resolution in a compact
dispersion can produce good resolution in a compact
optical system.
optical system.

Angular dispersion is the slope of the curve given

Angular dispersion is the slope of the curve given
by λ = f(i). In autocollimation, the equation for dis-
by λ = f(i). In autocollimation, the equation for dis-
persion is given by:
persion is given by:

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 Background and
Background and
Background Technology
and Technology Diffraction Gratings
Technology Diffraction Gratings

FREE SPECTRAL
FREE SPECTRAL RANGE
SPECTRAL RANGE
RANGE SIZES
SIZES
SIZES
FREE
Free spectral
Free spectral range
spectral range is
range is the
is the maximum
the maximum spectral
maximum spectral band-
spectral band-
band- Gratings are
Gratings are available
are available in
available in several
in several standard
several standard square
standard square and
square and
and
Free Gratings
width
width that that
that cancan
can be be obtained
be obtained
obtained in in a specified
in aa specified order
specified order
order rectangular sizes
rectangular sizes ranging
sizes ranging from
ranging from 12.5
from 12.5 mm
12.5 mm square
mm square
square upup
up
width rectangular
without
without spectral
spectral interference
interference (overlap)
(overlap) from
from adjacent
adjacent to
to 50mm
50mm square.
square. Non-standard
Non-standard sizes
sizes are
are available
available
without spectral interference (overlap) from adjacent to 50mm square. Non-standard sizes are available
orders.
orders. As As grating
As grating spacing
grating spacing decreases,
spacing decreases,
decreases, thethe free
the free spec-
free spec-
spec- upon request.
upon request. Unless
request. Unless otherwise
Unless otherwise specified,
otherwise specified, rectangu-
specified, rectangu-
rectangu-
orders. upon
tral
tral range
range increases.
increases. ItIt decreases
decreases with
with higher
higher orders.
orders. lar
lar gratings
gratings are
are cut
cut with
with grooves
grooves parallel
parallel to
to the short
the short
short
tral range increases. It decreases with higher orders. lar gratings are cut with grooves parallel to the
If λ , λ are lower and upper limits, respectively, of dimension.
dimension.
IfIf λ111,, λ222 are
are lower
lower and
and upper
upper limits,
limits, respectively,
respectively, of
of dimension.
the
the band
band of
of interest,
interest, then:
then:
the band of interest, then:

Free spectral
Free spectral range
range ==
spectral range —
— λλ11 ==
= λλ22 — /n
= λλ11/n
/n SUBSTRATES
SUBSTRATES
SUBSTRATES
Free 2 1 1
Replicated gratings
Replicated gratings of
gratings of all
of all types
all types can
types can
can bebe produced
be produced
produced onon
on
Replicated
float
float glass,
glass, Pyrex®
Pyrex® or
or Zerodur®.
Zerodur®. Optometrics
Optometrics car-
car-
float glass, Pyrex® or Zerodur®. Optometrics car-
ries all
ries all three
all three types
three types of
types of substrates
of substrates
substrates in in stock,
in stock, in
stock, in 3mm,
in 3mm,
3mm,
ries
4mm,
4mm, 5mm,
5mm, 6mm,
6mm, 9.5mm,
9.5mm, and
and 12mm
12mm thicknesses.
thicknesses.
4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 9.5mm, and 12mm thicknesses.
Other materials
Other materials and
materials and thichnesses
and thichnesses
thicknesses are are available
are available upon
available upon
upon
Other
1 1
n=n=

request.
request.
n=2
2 request.
n=
3
n=3
n=

COATINGS
COATINGS
COATINGS
Gratings
Gratings used used
used in in the
in the ultraviolet,
the ultraviolet, visible
ultraviolet, visible and
visible and infrared
and infrared
infrared
Gratings
are normally
are normally replicated
normally replicated
replicated with with an
with an aluminum
an aluminum coating.
aluminum coating.
coating.
are
Aluminum is used rather than silver because it is
Aluminum is used rather than silver because itit is
Aluminum is used rather than silver because is
more resistant
more resistant
resistant to to oxidation
to oxidation and
oxidation and has
and has superior
has superior reflec-
superior reflec-
reflec-
more
tance
tance in
in the
the ultraviolet.
ultraviolet. Aluminum
Aluminum averages
averages over
over
HIGHER
HIGHER
ORDERS
HIGHER AND
ORDERS
ORDERS AND
FREE
AND SPECTRAL
FREE
FREE SPECTRAL RANGE
SPECTRAL RANGE tance in the ultraviolet. Aluminum averages over
HIGHER ORDERS AND FREE SPECTRAL RANGE
RANGE 90% reflectance from 200 nm to the far infrared,
90% reflectance
90% reflectance from from 200200 nmnm toto the
the farfar infrared,
infrared,
except in the 750 to 900 nm region where it drops
except in the 750 to 900 nm region where itit drops
except in the 750 to 900 nm region where drops
to approximately
to approximately
approximately 85%. 85%. When
85%. When maximum
When maximum reflectance
maximum reflectance
reflectance
to
is
is required
required in
in the
the near
near infrared,
infrared, as
as is
is the
the case with
case withwith
GHOSTS AND
GHOSTS AND
GHOSTS STRAY
AND STRAY LIGHT
STRAY LIGHT
LIGHT is required in the near infrared, as is the case
some fiber
some fiber optic
fiber optic applications,
optic applications,
applications, the the aluminum
the aluminum
aluminum coatingcoating
coating
Ghosts are defined as spurious spectral lines arising some
Ghosts are
Ghosts are defined
defined as
as spurious
spurious spectral
spectral lines
lines arising
arising may
may be
be overcoated
overcoated with
with gold.
gold. Though
Though gold
gold is
is soft,
soft, ititit
from periodic errors in groove spacing. Interferometri- may be overcoated with gold. Though gold is soft,
from periodic
from periodic errors
errors inin groove
groove spacing.
spacing. Interferometri-
Interferometri-
cally
cally controlled
controlled ruling
ruling engines
engines minimize
minimize ghosts, while
ghosts, while
while
cally controlled ruling engines minimize ghosts,
the holographic
the holographic process
holographic process eliminates
process eliminates them.
eliminates them.
them. 1.0
the 1.0
0.9
0.9 AI
0.8 A1
AL
On ruled
On ruled gratings,
ruled gratings, stray
gratings, stray light
stray light originates
light originates from
originates from random
from random
random 0.8 A1
On 0.7
errors
errors and
and irregularities
irregularities of
of the
the reflecting
reflecting surfaces.
surfaces. 0.7
errors and irregularities of the reflecting surfaces. 0.6
Reflectance

Holographic gratings
Holographic gratings generate
gratings generate less
generate less stray
less stray light
stray light because
light because
because 0.6
Reflectance

Holographic 0.5 Au
the
the optical
optical process
process which
which transfers
transfers the
the interference
interference 0.5 Au
the optical process which transfers the interference 0.4
0.4
pattern to
pattern to the
to the photoresist
the photoresist
photoresist isis not
is not subject
not subject to
subject to mechanical
to mechanical
mechanical
pattern 0.3
0.3
irregularities
irregularities or
or inconsistencies.
inconsistencies. 0.2
irregularities or inconsistencies. 0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
REFLECTANCE VS.VS.
REFLECTANCE WAVELENGTH OF OF
WAVELENGTH
REFLECTANCE
ALUMINUM (Al) AND
ALUMINUM VS. (Au)
ANDGOLD
GOLDWAVELENGTH OF
COATED OPTICS
COATED OPTICS
ALUMINUM AND GOLD COATED OPTICS

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Diffraction Gratings Background
Diffraction Gratings Background and
and Technology
Technology

isis resistant
resistant toto oxidation
oxidation and
and has
has aa reflectance
reflectance of over CHOOSING
of over CHOOSING A A GRATING
GRATING
96%
96% in in the
the near
near infrared
infrared and
and over
over 98%
98% above
above 2.0
2.0 µ.
µ. Selection of a standard Optometrics grating requires
Selection of a standard Optometrics grating requires
The
The reflectance
reflectance ofof gold
gold drops
drops substantially
substantially below
below 600
600 consideration of a number of variables related to the
consideration of a number of variables related to the
nmnm andand isis not
not recommended
recommended for for use
use inin the
the visible
visible or
or grating’s intended use. These are as follows:
grating’s intended use. These are as follows:
ultraviolet
ultraviolet regions.
regions.
•• EFFICIENCY:
EFFICIENCY: In In general,
general, ruled
ruled gratings
gratings have
have aa
Dielectric
Dielectric overcoatings
overcoatings such
such asas aluminum
aluminum magnesium
magnesium higher
higher efficiency
efficiency than
than holographic
holographic gratings.
gratings. Appli-
Appli-
fluoride (AlMgF22)) protect
fluoride (AlMgF protect aluminum
aluminum from from oxidation,
oxidation, cations
cations such
such as
as fluorescence
fluorescence excitation
excitation and
and other
other
maintaining the original high reflectance of aluminum
maintaining the original high reflectance of aluminum radiation
radiation induced
induced reactions
reactions may may require
require aa ruled
ruled
in
in the
the visible
visible and
and ultraviolet.
ultraviolet. Gold
Gold overcoatings
overcoatings and
and grating
grating (see
(see efficiency
efficiency curves
curves forfor comparison).
comparison). As As
aluminum magnesium fluoride dielectric coatings
aluminum magnesium fluoride dielectric coatings must must
aa rule
rule of
of thumb,
thumb, the
the first
first order
order efficiency
efficiency of
of aa ruled
ruled
be
be specified
specified separately
separately when
when ordering.
ordering. grating
grating decreases
decreases by by 50%
50% at at two
two thirds
thirds and
and three
three
halves
halves ofof the
the blaze
blaze wavelength.
wavelength.
While
While gold
gold overcoating
overcoating can
can increase
increase reflectivity,
reflectivity, any
any
overcoating
overcoating may reduce the damage threshold by aa
may reduce the damage threshold by
factor
factor of
of two
two or
or more.
more. •• BLAZE
BLAZE WAVELENGTH:
WAVELENGTH: Ruled Ruled gratings,
gratings, due due to
to
their
their “sawtooth”
“sawtooth” groove
groove profile,
profile, have
have aa relatively
relatively
sharp
sharp peak
peak around
around their
their blaze
blaze wavelength
wavelength whilewhile
DAMAGE
DAMAGE THRESHOLDS
THRESHOLDS some
some holographic
holographic gratings
gratings have
have aa flatter
flatter spectral
spectral
Any
Any standard
standard Optometrics
Optometrics grating
grating is
is available
available with
with response.
response. Applications
Applications centered
centered around
around aa narrow
narrow
either P-type or CW-type replication coatings
either P-type or CW-type replication coatings for for wavelength
wavelength rangerange could
could benefit
benefit from
from aa ruled
ruled grat-
grat-
higher
higher damage
damage threshold
threshold performance.
performance. (For
(For more
more in-
in- ing
ing blazed
blazed at at that
that wavelength.
wavelength.
formation
formation see
see page
page 9).
9).
•• WAVELENGTH
WAVELENGTH RANGE: RANGE: The The spectral
spectral range
range cov-
cov-
ered
ered byby aa grating
grating isis dependent
dependent on on groove
groove spacing
spacing
and
and isis the
the same
same forfor ruled
ruled and
and holographic
holographic gratings
gratings
with
with the
the same
same grating
grating constant.
constant. TheThe maximum
maximum

THE
THE REPLICATION
REPLICATION PROCESS
PROCESS

Aluminum Coating
Epoxy Layer

Polished Substrate

Ruled Grating Replica Holographic Grating Replica

In
In the
the late
late 1940’s,
1940’s, White
White and
and Frazer
Frazer developed
developed the the process
process for
for precision
precision replication,
replication, allowing
allowing numerous
numerous
“replica” gratings to be produced from a single master, either ruled or holographic.
“replica” gratings to be produced from a single master, either ruled or holographic. It is a procedure It is a procedure
that
that results
results in
in the
the transfer
transfer of
of the
the three
three dimensional
dimensional topography
topography of of aa master
master grating
grating to
to another
another substrate,
substrate,
allowing
allowing reproduction of a master in full relief to extremely close tolerances. This process led to the
reproduction of a master in full relief to extremely close tolerances. This process led to the com-
com-
mercialization
mercialization of of gratings
gratings and
and has
has resulted
resulted in in the
the current
current widespread
widespread use use of
of gratings
gratings inin spectrometers.
spectrometers.

Page
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Optometrics Corporation
 Background and Technology Diffraction Gratings

wavelength that a grating can diffract is equal to RECTANGLES / GROOVE DIRECTION

two times the grating period, and this would be
Unless otherwise specified, rectangular gratings are
achieved when the incident and diffracted light
cut with grooves parallel to the short dimension.
were at ninety degrees to the grating normal.

• STRAY LIGHT: For applications such as Raman DAMAGE THRESHOLD

spectroscopy, where signal-to-noise is critical, the Any standard Optometrics grating is available with either
inherent low stray light of a holographic grating is P-type or CW-type construction or higher damage thresh-
an advantage. old performance.

• RESOLVING POWER: There is no difference in Damage Thresholds: (no damage threshold minimums
resolving power for holographic and ruled gratings apply to gratings with an overcoat)
with identical groove spacing. Holographic gratings
are, however, available with up to 3600 grooves Standard Replica Gratings:
per mm while Optometrics does not normally rule Pulsed................... 350 milli-joules/cm2 @ 200 n sec.
gratings with more than 1200 grooves per mm. CW.........................................................40 watts/cm2

P-Type Replica Gratings: (pulsed type)

TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS Pulsed .......................... 3.5 joules/cm2 @ 200 n sec.
Dimensional tolerances.................................± 0.5 mm CW.........................................................80 watts/cm2
Thickness tolerances.....................................± 0.5 mm
Efficiencies: CW-Type Replica Gratings: (for continuous high
Ruled........................................60 - 80% at blaze λ power applications)
Holographic.............................. 45 - 65% at peak λ Pulsed........................... 3.5 joules/cm2 @ 200 n sec.
Clear aperture.................................................... 90% CW.......................................................250 watts/cm2
Groove parallelism to edge.............................. ±0.5°
Coatings
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE Regardless of size, the additional cost per piece is:

Standard Reflection Gratings............. -50˚C to +125˚C

Gold Overcoat (AU-3).......................................... $60.00
Standard Transmission Grating......... -50˚C to +125˚C
Aluminum Magnesium Flouride (ALMG-3).......... $55.00
UTF-CW Gratings............................... -50˚C to +200˚C
ML Gratings........................................ -50˚C to +200˚C
Note: While a gold overcoat can increase reflectivity,
any overcoating may reduce the damage threshold by a
factor of two or more.
HANDLING GRATINGS
The surface of standard gratings are coated
with aluminum or gold and require extreme
care when handling. Handling should be done
by the edges only. These relatively soft coat-
ings are vulnerable to fingerprints and numer-
ous aerosols. Scratches or other cosmetic
defects do not, unless extreme, usually affect
optical performance. No attempt to clean a
grating should be made without first consulting
Optometrics.

Optometrics Corporation email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Page 9

Diffraction Gratings Ruled and Holographic Gratings

Standard replicated gratings are produced from ruled and holographic originals and are intended for use in
moderate resolution spectrophotometers, spectrometers and monochromators where low cost, high efficiency
and low stray light are of primary concern. Since standard gratings are cut from larger replicas, they are ruled
over their entire surface. Incident radiation should, however, be restricted to 90% of the ruled area.

Standard Series Replicated Ruled Gratings

GROOVES BLAZE λ BLAZE DISPERSION 12.7 x 12.7 25 x 25 25 x 25 30 x 30 50 x 50 12.5 x 25 12.5 x 25 25 x 50
/MM (nm) ANGLE (nm/mr) x6 x6 x 9.5 x 9.5 x 9.5 x6 x 9.5 x 9.5

120 12000 46o 3’ 5.78 3-4112 3-8112 3-2112 3-3112 3-5112 3-6112 3-1112 3-7112

150 500 2o 8’ 6.66 3-4155 3-8155 3-2155 3-3155 3-5155 3-6155 3-1155 3-7155

300 300 2o 34’ 3.33 3-4330 3-8330 3-2330 3-3330 3-5330 3-6330 3-1330 3-7330

300 1000 8o 36’ 3.30 3-4310 3-8310 3-2310 3-3310 3-5310 3-6310 3-1310 3-7310

300 2000 17o 27’ 3.18 3-4320 3-8320 3-2320 3-3320 3-5320 3-6320 3-1320 3-7320

300 4000 36o 52’ 2.67 3-4340 3-8340 3-2340 3-3340 3-5340 3-6340 3-1340 3-7340

600 300 5o 9’ 1.66 3-4630 3-8630 3-2630 3-3630 3-5630 3-6630 3-1630 3-7630

600 400 6o 53’ 1.66 3-4640 3-8640 3-2640 3-3640 3-5640 3-6640 3-1640 3-7640

600 500 8o 37’ 1.65 3-4650 3-8650 3-2650 3-3650 3-5650 3-6650 3-1650 3-7650

600 750 13o 0’ 1.62 3-4675 3-8675 3-2675 3-3675 3-5675 3-6675 3-1675 3-7675

600 1000 17o 27’ 1.59 3-4610 3-8610 3-2610 3-3610 3-5610 3-6610 3-1610 3-7610

600 1250 22o 1’ 1.55 3-4612 3-8612 3-2612 3-3612 3-5612 3-6612 3-1612 3-7612

600 1600 28o 41’ 1.46 3-4616 3-8616 3-2616 3-3616 3-5616 3-6616 3-1616 3-7616

830 800 19o 23’ 1.14 3-4880 3-8880 3-2880 3-3880 3-5880 3-6880 3-1880 3-7880

830 1200 29o 52’ 1.05 3-4812 3-8812 3-2812 3-3812 3-5812 3-6812 3-1812 3-7812

900 500 13o 0’ 1.08 3-4712 3-8712 3-2712 3-3712 3-5712 3-6712 3-1712 3-7712

1200 250 8o 37’ 0.82 3-4125 3-8125 3-2125 3-3125 3-5125 3-6125 3-1125 3-7125

1200 300 10o 22’ 0.82 3-4130 3-8130 3-2130 3-3130 3-5130 3-6130 3-1130 3-7130

1200 400 13o 53’ 0.81 3-4140 3-8140 3-2140 3-3140 3-5140 3-6140 3-1140 3-7140

1200 500 17o 27’ 0.80 3-4150 3-8150 3-2150 3-3150 3-5150 3-6150 3-1150 3-7150

1200 750 26o 44’ 0.74 3-4175 3-8175 3-2175 3-3175 3-5175 3-6175 3-1175 3-7175

1200 1000 36o 52’ 0.67 3-4110 3-8110 3-2110 3-3110 3-5110 3-6110 3-1110 3-7110

1800 240 12o 29’ 0.54 3-4162 3-8162 3-2162 3-3162 3-5162 3-6162 3-1162 3-7162

1800 500 26o 44’ 0.50 3-4185 3-8185 3-2185 3-3185 3-5185 3-6185 3-1185 3-7185

Prices ($) 50.00 85.00 85.00 95.00 150.00 65.00 65.00 109.00

(All dimensions in millimeters) See page 12 for typical efficiency curves.

Page 10 email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Optometrics Corporation

 Ruled and Holographic Gratings Diffraction Gratings

Standard Series Replicated Holographic Gratings

GROOVES OPTIMUM DISPERSION 12.7 x 12.7 25 x 25 25 x 25 30 x 30 50 x 50 12.5 x 25 12.5 x 25 25 x 50
/MM EFFICIENCY (nm/mr) x 6 x 6 x 9.5 x 9.5 x 9.5 x6 x 9.5 x 9.5

600 UV 1.67 @ 250 NM 3-4021 3-8021 3-2021 3-3021 3-5021 3-6021 3-1021 3-7021

1000 UV 0.99 @ 250 NM 3-4061 3-8061 3-2061 3-3061 3-5061 3-6061 3-1061 3-7061

1200 UV 0.82 @ 250 NM 3-4121 3-8121 3-2121 3-3121 3-5121 3-6121 3-1121 3-7121

1200 VIS 0.79 @ 500 NM 3-4122 3-8122 3-2122 3-3122 3-5122 3-6122 3-1122 3-7122

1800 UV 0.54 @ 250 NM 3-4181 3-8181 3-2181 3-3181 3-5181 3-6181 3-1181 3-7181

1800 VIS 0.50 @ 500 NM 3-4182 3-8182 3-2182 3-3182 3-5182 3-6182 3-1182 3-7182

2400 UV 0.40 @ 250 NM 3-4241 3-8241 3-2241 3-3241 3-5241 3-6241 3-1241 3-7241

2400 VIS 0.33 @ 500 NM 3-4242 3-8242 3-2242 3-3242 3-5242 3-6242 3-1242 3-7252
3600 UV 0.25 @ 250 NM 3-4361 3-8361 3-2361 3-3361 3-5361 3-6361 3-1361 3-7361

Price ($) 59.00 105.00 105.00 135.00 229.00 75.00 75.00 129.00

(All dimensions in millimeters) See page 13 for typical efficiency curves.

COATINGS
Protective overcoatings that maintain or enhance reflectivity in the UV, Visible and IR regions are available for
an additional charge.

Gold Overcoat (AU-3) ........ $60.00 each Aluminum Magnesium Fluoride (ALMG-3) ....... $55.00 each

Optometrics Corporation email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Page 11

 Efficiency Curves - Ruled Gratings
Diffraction Gratings Typical Efficiency

600 grooves/mm BLAZED at 300 nm 600 grooves/mm BLAZED at 750 nm

1200 grooves/mm BLAZED at 250 nm 1200 grooves/mm BLAZED at 750 nm

These are several of Optometrics grating

efficiency curves. Efficiency
efficiency Efficiency curves for all
Optometrics gratings are available on our
website, www.optometrics.com

Efficiency Curve Key

Efficiency
Perpendicular Polarization
• All gratings are measured in the Littrow mounting in 1st order
Parallel Polarization
reflective coat
• All gratings utilize an aluminum (AI) reflective
Average

Page 12 (978) 772-1700 to Order

email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Optometrics Corporation
Optometrics Corporation
Typical Efficiency
Efficiency Curves - Holographic Gratings Diffraction Gratings

1200 grooves/mm OPTIMIZED FOR THE VISIBLE 1800 grooves/mm OPTIMIZED FOR THE UV

1800 grooves/mm OPTIMIZED FOR THE VISIBLE 2400 grooves/mm OPTIMIZED FOR THE UV

These are several of Optometrics grating

efficiency curves. Efficiency curves for all
Optometrics gratings are available on our
website, www.optometrics.com

2400 grooves/mm OPTIMIZED FOR THE VISIBLE

Efficiency Curve Key

Perpendicular Polarization
• All gratings are measured in the Littrow mounting in 1st order
Parallel Polarization
• All gratings utilize an aluminum (AI) reflective coat
Average

Optometrics Corporation
Optometrics Corporation email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Page 13
Diffraction Gratings High Resolution Gratings and Echelles

High Resolution Ruled Gratings

Replicating master gratings on Pyrex®, produces gratings with flatness, λ/4 or better, good thermal stability and
resolution equal to 80-90% of the master. High resolution gratings are available in groove spacings from
120 to 1800 g/mm, blazed from 240 nm to 12.0µ. For even better thermal stability, ask for a quotation for
gratings replicated on Zerodur®.

GROOVES BLAZE λ BLAZE DISPERSION 12.7 x 12.7 25 x 25 25 x 25 30 x 30 50 x 50 12.5 x 25 12.5 x 25 25 x 50

/MM (nm) ANGLE (nm/mr) x6 x6 x 9.5 x 9.5 x 9.5 x6 x 9.5 x 9.5

120 12000 46o 3’ 5.78 3-4219 3-8219 3-2219 3-3219 3-5219 3-6219 3-1219 3-7219

150 500 2o 8’ 6.66 3-4559 3-8559 3-2559 3-3559 3-5559 3-6559 3-1559 3-7559

300 300 2o 34’ 3.33 3-4339 3-8339 3-2339 3-3339 3-5339 3-6339 3-1339 3-7339

300 1000 8o 36’ 3.30 3-4229 3-8229 3-2229 3-3229 3-5229 3-6229 3-1229 3-7229

300 2000 17o 27’ 3.18 3-4329 3-8329 3-2329 3-3329 3-5329 3-6329 3-1329 3-7329

300 4000 36o 52’ 2.67 3-4349 3-8349 3-2349 3-3349 3-5349 3-6349 3-1349 3-7349

600 300 5o 9’ 1.66 3-4639 3-8639 3-2639 3-3639 3-5639 3-6639 3-1639 3-7639

600 400 6o 53’ 1.66 3-4649 3-8649 3-2649 3-3649 3-5649 3-6649 3-1649 3-7649

600 500 8o 37’ 1.65 3-4659 3-8659 3-2659 3-3659 3-5659 3-6659 3-1659 3-7659

600 750 13o 0’ 1.62 3-4679 3-8679 3-2679 3-3679 3-5679 3-6679 3-1679 3-7679

600 1000 17o 27’ 1.59 3-4619 3-8619 3-2619 3-3619 3-5619 3-6619 3-1619 3-7619

600 1250 22o 1’ 1.55 3-4609 3-8609 3-2609 3-3609 3-5609 3-6609 3-1609 3-7609

600 1600 28o 41’ 1.46 3-4669 3-8669 3-2669 3-3669 3-5669 3-6669 3-1669 3-7669

830 800 19o 23’ 1.14 3-4889 3-8889 3-2889 3-3889 3-5889 3-6889 3-1889 3-7889

830 1200 29o 52’ 1.05 3-4819 3-8819 3-2819 3-3819 3-5819 3-6819 3-1819 3-7819

900 500 13o 0’ 1.08 3-4719 3-8719 3-2719 3-3719 3-5719 3-6719 3-1719 3-7719

1200 250 8o 37’ 0.82 3-4129 3-8129 3-2129 3-3129 3-5129 3-6129 3-1129 3-7129
1200 300 10o 22’ 0.82 3-4139 3-8139 3-2139 3-3139 3-5139 3-6139 3-1139 3-7139

1200 400 13o 53’ 0.81 3-4149 3-8149 3-2149 3-3149 3-5149 3-6149 3-1149 3-7149

1200 500 17o 27’ 0.80 3-4159 3-8159 3-2159 3-3159 3-5159 3-6159 3-1159 3-7159

1200 750 26o 44’ 0.74 3-4179 3-8179 3-2179 3-3179 3-5179 3-6179 3-1179 3-7179

1200 1000 36o 52’ 0.67 3-4119 3-8119 3-2119 3-3119 3-5119 3-6119 3-1119 3-7119

1800 240 12o 29’ 0.54 3-4169 3-8169 3-2169 3-3169 3-5169 3-6169 3-1169 3-7169

1800 500 26o 44’ 0.50 3-4189 3-8189 3-2189 3-3189 3-5189 3-6189 3-1189 3-7189

Price ($) 55.00 99.00 99.00 105.00 159.00 69.00 69.00 129.00

(All dimensions in millimeters) See page 12 for typical efficiency curves.

Page 14 email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Optometrics Corporation

 High Resolution Gratings and Echelles Diffraction Gratings

High Resolution Holographic Gratings

GROOVES OPTIMUM DISPERSION 12.7 x 12.7 25 x 25 25 x 25 30 x 30 50 x 50 12.5 x 25 12.5 x 25 25 x 50

/MM EFFICIENCY (nm/mr) x 6 x 6 x 9.5 x 9.5 x 9.5 x6 x 9.5 x 9.5

600 UV 1.67 @ 250 NM 3-4027 3-8027 3-2027 3-3027 3-5027 3-6027 3-1027 3-7027

1000 UV 0.99 @ 250 NM 3-4067 3-8067 3-2067 3-3067 3-5067 3-6067 3-1067 3-7067

1200 UV 0.82 @ 250 NM 3-4127 3-8127 3-2127 3-3127 3-5127 3-6127 3-1127 3-7127

1200 VIS 0.79 @ 500 NM 3-4128 3-8128 3-2128 3-3128 3-5128 3-6128 3-1128 3-7128

1800 UV 0.54 @ 250 NM 3-4187 3-8187 3-2187 3-3187 3-5187 3-6187 3-1187 3-7187

1800 VIS 0.50 @ 500 NM 3-4188 3-8188 3-2188 3-3188 3-5188 3-6188 3-1188 3-7188

2400 UV 0.40 @ 250 NM 3-4247 3-8247 3-2247 3-3247 3-5247 3-6247 3-1247 3-7247
2400 VIS 0.33 @ 500 NM 3-4248 3-8248 3-2248 3-3248 3-5248 3-6248 3-1248 3-7258

3600 UV 0.25 @ 250 NM 3-4367 3-8367 3-2367 3-3367 3-5367 3-6367 3-1367 3-7367

Price ($) 65.00 115.00 115.00 145.00 239.00 79.00 79.00 149.00

(All dimensions in millimeters) See page 13 for typical efficiency curves.

COATINGS
Protective overcoatings that maintain or enhance reflectivity in the UV, Visible and IR regions are available for
an additional charge.

Gold Overcoat (AU-3) ........ $60.00 each Aluminum Magnesium Fluoride (ALMG-3) ....... $55.00 each

Optometrics Corporation email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Page 15

Diffraction Gratings TF and UTF Series Gratings

TF and UTF Series Gratings and Echelles for Dye Lasers

Replica gratings produced by a proprietary process to withstand high incident energies. Damage thresholds
as high as 250 watts/cm2 for CW sources are available. (For damage threshold specifications see page 9)

TF and UTF Series Gratings

DISPERSION
GROOVES BLAZE BLAZE λ (nm/mr) 12.7 x 12.7 25 x 25 30 x 30 50 x 50
PER MM ANGLE (nm) @ 500 nm x6 x 9.5 x 9.5 x 9.5

TF SERIES

1200 10o 22’ 300 0.82 3-4131 3-2131 3-3131 3-5131

1200 17o 26’ 500 0.79 3-4151 3-2151 3-3151 3-5151

1200 26o 45’ 750 0.74 3-4171 3-2171 3-3171 3-5171

1200 36o 52’ 1000 0.67 3-4111 3-2111 3-3111 3-5111

1800 26o 45’ 500 0.50 3-4851 3-2851 3-3851 3-5851

Price ($) 75.00 99.00 105.00 150.00

UTF-P SERIES (Pulsed)

1200 10o 22’ 300 0.82 3-4133 3-2133 3-3133 3-5133

1200 17o 26’ 500 0.79 3-4153 3-2153 3-3153 3-5153

1200 26o 45’ 750 0.74 3-4173 3-2173 3-3173 3-5173

1200 36o 52’ 1000 0.67 3-4113 3-2113 3-3113 3-5113

1800 26o 45’ 500 0.50 3-4853 3-2853 3-3853 3-5853

Price ($) 95.00 125.00 135.00 195.00

UTF-CW SERIES (Continuous)

1200 10o 22’ 300 0.82 3-4134 3-2134 3-3134 3-5134

1200 17o 26’ 500 0.79 3-4154 3-2154 3-3154 3-5154

1200 26o 45’ 750 0.74 3-4174 3-2174 3-3174 3-5174

1200 36o 52’ 1000 0.67 3-4114 3-2114 3-3114 3-5114

1800 26o 45’ 500 0.50 3-4854 3-2854 3-3854 3-5854

Price ($) 109.00 149.00 159.00 235.00

All dimensions in millimeters.

Page 16 email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Optometrics Corporation

 TF and UTF Series Gratings Diffraction Gratings

TF and UTF Series Gratings - Echelles

DISPERSION
GROOVES BLAZE BLAZE λ (nm/mr) 12.5 x 25 12.5 x 25 12.5 x 50 25 x 50
PER MM ANGLE (nm) @ 500 nm x6 x 9.5 x 9.5 x 9.5

TF Series

31.6 63o Echelle 14.37 3-6311 3-1311 3-9311 3-7311

316 63o Echelle 1.44 3-6362 3-1362 3-9362 3-7362

79 75o Echelle 3.28 3-6771 3-1771 3-9771 3-7771

79 63o Echelle 5.75 3-6731 3-1731 3-9731 3-7731

Price ($) 85.00 85.00 99.00 149.00

UTF-P (Pulsed)

31.6 63o Echelle 14.37 3-6313 3-1313 3-9313 3-7313

316 63o Echelle 1.44 3-6363 3-1363 3-9363 3-7363

79 75o Echelle 3.28 3-6773 3-1773 3-9773 3-7773

79 63o Echelle 5.75 3-6733 3-1733 3-9733 3-7733

Price ($) 105.00 105.00 125.00 190.00

UTF-CW (Continuous)

31.6 63o Echelle 14.37 3-6314 3-1314 3-9314 3-7314

316 63o Echelle 1.44 3-6364 3-1364 3-9364 3-7364

79 75o Echelle 3.28 3-6774 3-1774 3-9774 3-7774

79 63o Echelle 5.75 3-6734 3-1731 3-9734 3-7734

Price ($) 129.00 129.00 149.00 225.00

All dimensions in millimeters.

Optometrics Corporation email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Page 17

Diffraction Gratings Grazing
Grazing Incidence
Incidence Gratings
Gratings

Grazing
Grazing Incidence
Incidence Gratings
Gratings
Holographic
Holographic gratings
gratings (0.5”
(0.5” xx 2”)
2”) with
with a
a typical
typical efficiency
efficiency of
of 24%,
24%, single
single pass,
pass, and
and a
a similarly
similarly sized
sized mirror,
mirror, are
are suit-
suit-
able
able for
for use
use in
in the
the grazing incidence configuration.
grazing incidence configuration.

Grazing
Grazing incidence
incidence is is aa simple
simple and
and inexpensive
inexpensive opti- opti- Pump
cal
cal configuration,
configuration, asas described
described in in Applied
Applied Optics,
Optics, July
July Radiation
Fixed
1978, p. 2224, that can tune and increase
1978, p. 2224, that can tune and increase the resolu- the resolu-
Gratings
tion
tion of
of a
a dye
dye laser.
laser. AA holographic
holographic grating,
grating, functioning
functioning
as
as an end reflector in a dye laser cavity, is positioned
an end reflector in a dye laser cavity, is positioned
so
so that
that laser
laser radiation
radiation strikes
strikes the
the grating
grating almost
almost per-
per- To Output
pendicular
pendicular to the grating normal. As the angle of
to the grating normal. As the angle of Coupler
Mirror
incidence
incidence approaches
approaches 89 89 degrees,
degrees, a a relatively
relatively large
large
area
area ofof the
the grating
grating is is illuminated
illuminated by by the
the laser
laser beam,
beam, Grazing
Grazing Incidence
Incidence Configuration
Configuration
increasing
increasing angular
angular dispersion
dispersion andand resolving
resolving power
power SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
significantly.
significantly.
Grating
Grating (replicated
(replicated holographic):
holographic):
Grooves
Grooves per per mm .........1200, 1800,
mm..........1200, 1800, 2400 2400 or or 3600
3600
The
The sizes
sizes of of the
the grating
grating and and mirror
mirror (12.7
(12.7 mm mm xx
Dimensional
Dimensional tolerances........................... ± 0.5 mm
tolerances .......................... ± 0.5 mm
50.8
50.8 mm)mm) areare optimized
optimized for for grazing
grazing incidence
incidence and and
Thickness .................................. 9.5
Thickness................................... 9.5 mmmm ± ± 0.5
0.5 mmmm
minimize the cost of the components.
minimize the cost of the components. The grating The grating
Clear
Clear aperture ..............................10.0 xx 46.0
aperture...............................10.0 46.0 mm mm
is
is fixed
fixed and
and tuning
tuning isis achieved
achieved by by rotation
rotation of of the
the
Resolution ....................80% to
Resolution.....................80% to 90%
90% of of theoretical
theoretical
mirror. The laser beam is diffracted twice
mirror. The laser beam is diffracted twice in grazing in grazing
Efficiency
Efficiency at at grazing
grazing incidence:
incidence:
incidence,
incidence, resulting
resulting in
in aa twofold
twofold increase
increase inin resolution.
resolution.
Single pass
Single pass......................................Approx.
.....................................Approx. 24% 24%
Low
Low grating efficiency is characteristic of the grazing
grating efficiency is characteristic of the grazing
Double
Double pass......................................Approx. 4%
pass .....................................Approx. 4%
incidence
incidence configuration
configuration but but is
is compensated
compensated for for by
by the
the
Mirror:
Mirror:
high gain of the dyes
high gain of the dyes used. used.
Coating
Coating...................................................................Al
..................................................................Al
Thickness .................................. 9.5
Thickness................................... 9.5 mmmm ± ± 0.5
0.5 mmmm

Any
Any standard
standard grazing
grazing incidence
incidence grating
grating is
is available
available with
with aa
P-type or CW-type replication coating for higher damage
P-type or CW-type replication coating for higher damage
threshold
threshold performance
performance (see
(see Page
Page 9 9 specifications).
specifications).

Grazing
Grazing Incidence
Incidence Gratings
Gratings And
And Mirror
Mirror
REPLICATED HOLOGRAPHIC
REPLICATED HOLOGRAPHIC GRATING
GRATING (12.7
(12.7 xx 50.8
50.8 mm)
mm)

GROOVES/MM
GROOVES/MM 1200
1200 1800
1800 2400
2400 3600
3600
BLAZE (nm)
BLAZE lλ(nm) Vis
Vis Vis
Vis Vis
Vis UV
UV
CATALOG
CATALOG NO.
NO. CATALOG
CATALOG NO.
NO. CATALOG
CATALOG NO.
NO. CATALOG
CATALOG NO.
NO. PRICE
PRICE ($)
($)
NORMAL
NORMAL (TF)
(TF) 5-2401
5-2401 5-2402
5-2402 5-2403
5-2403 5-2404
5-2404 129.00
129.00
UTF-P
UTF-P (pulsed)
(pulsed) 5-2406
5-2406 5-2407
5-2407 5-2408
5-2408 5-2409
5-2409 159.00
159.00
UTF-CW
UTF-CW (Continuous)
(Continuous) 5-2410
5-2410 5-2411
5-2411 5-2412
5-2412 5-2413
5-2413 199.00
199.00
MIRROR: Used in
MIRROR: Used in conjunction
conjunction with
with grazing
grazing incidence
incidence gratings
gratings (above)
(above) for
for double
double pass
pass high
high resolution
resolution tuning
tuning of
of dye
dye lasers.
lasers.
12.7
12.7 xx 50.8
50.8 mm
mm 5-2405
5-2405 89.00
89.00
All
All dimensions
dimensions in
in millimeters.
millimeters.

Page
Page 18
18 (978) 772-1700 to Order
email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Optometrics Corporation
Optometrics Corporation
 Molecular
Molecular Laser
Laser (ML)
(ML) Gratings
Gratings Diffraction
Diffraction Gratings
Gratings

ML
ML GRATINGS
GRATINGS POLARIZATION
POLARIZATION
ML
MLgratings
gratingsare
areoriginal
originalrulings
rulingsor orreplicas
replicasthat
thatare
arenormal-
normal- Typical
Typical efficiency
efficiency curves
efficiency curves illustrate
illustrate that,
that, in
in all
all cases,
cases, ori-
ori-
ly used as end reflectors for tuning molecular lasers.
reflectors for tuning molecular lasers.
ly used as end reflectors enting the polarization of the E vector (P-Plane)
enting the polarization of the E vector (P-Plane) perpen- perpen-
dicular
dicular to
to the
the grooves
grooves (E⊥)
(E⊥) increases
increases the
the efficiency
efficiencyover
efficiency over
The
The output
output wavelength
wavelength of of aa molecular
molecular or or dye
dye laser
laser can
can a specific wavelength region. This should be considered
be specific wavelength region. This should be considered
a specific
be tuned
tuned by
by rotating
rotating aa Littrow
Littrow mounted
mounted grating
grating around
around an
an when optimizing the figure of merit (Q) of a cavity, par-
axis when figure of merit (Q) of a cavity, par-
optimizing the figure
axis parallel
parallel to
to the
the grooves.
grooves. TheThe grating
grating equation:
equation: ticularly
ticularly when it is polarizedby
when it is polarized byauxiliary
auxiliarycomponents
componentssuch such
nλ = d(sin i + sin i') as
as Brewster
Brewster angle
angle windows.
windows.
nλ = d(sin i + sin i')
where
where nn is
is the
the order
order of
of diffraction,
diffraction, λλ is is the
the diffracted
diffracted
wavelength, 100
wavelength, d is the grating constant (the distance be-
d is the grating constant (the distance be- 100
90
tween
tween successive
successive grooves),
grooves), ii is
is the
the angle
angle of of incidence 90

EFFECIENCY
incidence 80

RELATIVEEFFECIENCY
E
measured 80 E
measured from
from the
the normal
normal and
and i'i' is
isthe
theangle
angleof ofdiffraction
diffraction 70
70
measured
measured from the normal, reduces to nλ = 2d
from the normal, reduces to nλ = 2d sin
sin ii for
for 60
60
the Littrow configuration.
configuration.
the Littrow configuration.
50
50
40
40

RELATIVE
The
The angle
angle of
of incidence
incidence (i)
(i) is
is adjusted
adjusted to
to select
select the
the output
output
output 30
30 E
E
wavelength while creating a narrow gain profile. 20
wavelength while creating a narrow gain profile.profile. 20
10
10
0
0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
BLAZE
BLAZE ANGLE
ANGLE AND
AND ALIGNMENT
ALIGNMENT 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
WAVELENGTH (microns)
WAVELENGTH (microns)
Because
Because thethe ML
MLseries
series ofof gratings
gratings are
are designed
designed for for peak
peak POLARIZATION
POLARIZATION DEPENDENT
DEPENDENTEFFICIENCIES
EFFICIENCIES
polarized efficiency,
efficiency, the groove angle is not equivalent to
polarized efficiency, the groove angle is not equivalent to
the
the Littrow
Littrow blaze
blaze angle
angle ofof the
the grating.
grating. As
As aa result,
result, when
when
using
using a He-Ne laser for preliminary grating alignment, the
a He-Ne laser for preliminary grating alignment, the
brightest
brightest He-Ne
He-Ne order
order will
will not
not correspond
correspond to to the blaze COATING
the blaze COATING
wavelength
wavelength of of the
the grating.
grating. The The grating
grating must
must be be aligned
aligned ML gratings can be overcoated with gold, increasing the
using ML gratings can be overcoated with gold, increasing the
using the
the calculated
calculated He-Ne
He-Ne order
order that
that corresponds
corresponds to to reflectivity at 10.6 microns by approximately 1%, but
the reflectivity at 10.6 microns by approximately 1%, but
reflectivity
the wavelength
wavelength of of interest,
interest, regardless
regardless of of its
its relative
relative the damage threshold in high power applications may
intensity. the damage threshold in high power applications may
intensity. be
be reduced. No
reduced. No damage
damage threshold
threshold minimums
minimums apply
apply for
for
The blaze arrow marked on the side or back of the grating overcoated
overcoated gratings.
gratings.
The blaze arrow marked on the side or back of the grating
should
should bebe oriented
oriented asas shown
shown below.
below.

Also
Also available
available as
as original
original gratings,
gratings, ruled
ruled directly
directly
into
into an aluminum or gold coating deposited on
an aluminum or gold coating deposited on aa
BLAZED
BLAZEDGRATING
GRATINGININLITTROW
LITTROW
(AUTOCOLLIMATION)
copper substrate
copper substrate resulting
substrate resulting in
resultingin an
inan inherently
aninherently higher
inherentlyhigher
high-
(AUTOCOLLIMATION)
damage
damage
er damage threshold
threshold .
threshold. They
. They are
Theyare recommended
recommendedfor
are recommended for
To
To Cavity
Cavity use with high power lasers.
use with high power lasers.
Littrow Angle == ΟΟ == ii == i'i'
LittrowAngle
See
See our Laser
Laser Optics
our InfaredOptics Products
Products
and Laser brochure.
brochure.
Products brochure.
Normal
Normal

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email:
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www.optometrics.com Page
Page 19
19
Diffraction Gratings Molecular Laser (ML) Gratings

SPECIFICATIONS
Summary ML Grating Specifications Clear aperture........................................................90%
Grooves parallelism to edge.............................± 0.5°
MODEL GROOVES/ MIN. POLARIZED OPTIMUM ANGULAR
NO. MM ABS. EFFICIENCY RANGE (µ) DISPERSION Dimensional tolerances............................... ± 0.5 mm
(nm/mr)
Thickness:
ML-301 75 ≥ 88% 9.0 - 11.0 12.3 Originals...................................... 10 mm ± 0.5 mm
ML-302 100 ≥ 88% 9.0 - 11.0 8.5 Replicas..................................... 9.5 mm ± 0.5 mm
ML-303 150 ≥ 88% 9.0 - 11.0 4.2 Damage threshold:
ML-304 135 ≥ 88% 9.0 - 11.0 5.2 Original gratings:
ML-401 150 ≥ 88% 5.0 - 6.0 6.1 CW laser............................................. 1 KW/cm2
ML-402 300 ≥ 82% 5.0 - 6.0 2.0 Pulse laser (100 nsec pulse)................ 7 J/cm2
ML-501 300 ≥ 80% 2.5 - 3.0 3.0 Replicated gratings:
ML-502 450 ≥ 85% 2.0 - 4.0 1.6 CW laser............................................250 W/cm2
ML-601 300 ≥ 80% 2.5 - 4.0 0.35 Pulsed laser (200 nsec pulse)........... 3.5 J/cm2

*See our website for typical efficiency curves.

ML Series Gratings
ML (Molecular laser) Series replicated ruled gratings are used primarily to tune the output wavelength of high
powered lasers. High peak efficiencies, typically from 92%–96%, are achieved by orientating the polariza-
tion of the “E” vector perpendicular to the grooves rather than the unpolarized average. Original MLs are ruled
directly into an aluminum coating on a copper substrate, resulting in an inherently high damage threshold.
Standard MLs are available in a number of blaze wavelengths (2.8 µ to 16.0 µ) and groove spacings (75 g/mm to
450 g/mm).

ML Grating Replicas - Rectangles

12.5 x 25 mm 25 x 50mm 1” x .825”
MODEL REPLICA REPLICA REPLICA
NO. CAT. NO. CAT. NO. CAT. NO.

ML-301 5-3810 5-3113 5-3118

ML-302 5-3820 5-3123 5-3128

ML-303 5-3830 5-3133 5-3138

ML-304 5-3840 5-3143 5-3148

ML-401 5-4810 5-4113 5-4118

ML-402 5-4820 5-4123 5-4128

ML-501 5-5810 5-5113 5-5118

ML-502 5-5820 5-5123 5-5128

ML-601 5-6810 5-6113 5-6118

Prices ($) 120.00 230.00 130.00

Page 20 email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Optometrics Corporation

 Molecular Laser (ML) Gratings Diffraction Gratings

ML Grating Replicas - Squares

25 x 25 mm 30 x 30 mm 50 x 50 mm 58 x 58 mm
MODEL REPLICA REPLICA REPLICA REPLICA
NO. CAT. NO. CAT. NO. CAT. NO. CAT. NO.

ML-301 5-3112 5-3119 5-3115 5-3116

ML-302 5-3122 5-3129 5-3125 5-3126

ML-303 5-3132 5-3139 5-3135 5-3136

ML-304 5-3142 5-3149 5-3145 5-3146

ML-401 5-4112 5-4119 5-4115 5-4116

ML-402 5-4122 5-4129 5-4125 5-4126

ML-501 5-5112 5-5119 5-5115 5-5116

ML-502 5-5122 5-5129 5-5125 5-5126

ML-601 5-6112 5-6119 5-6115 5-6116

PRICE ($) 180.00 190.00 290.00 350.00

ML Grating Replicas - Diameters

25 mm DIA. 38 mm DIA. 50 mm DIA.
MODEL REPLICA REPLICA REPLICA
NO. CAT. NO. CAT. NO. CAT. NO.

ML-301 5-3111 5-3117 5-3114

ML-302 5-3121 5-3127 5-3124

ML-303 5-3131 5-3137 5-3134

ML-304 5-3141 5-3147 5-3144

ML-401 5-4111 5-4117 5-4114

ML-402 5-4121 5-4127 5-4124

ML-501 5-5111 5-5117 5-5114

ML-502 5-5121 5-5127 5-5124

ML-601 5-6111 5-6117 5-6114

Price ($) 240.00 365.00 495.00

Optometrics Corporation email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Page 21

Diffraction Gratings Typical Efficiency
Efficiency Curves-ML Gratings

150 g/mm,
150 g/mm, blazed
blazed at 10.6 μµ (E
at 10.6 (E⊥)) 135 g/mm,
135 g/mm, blazed
blazed at 10.6 μµ (E
at 10.6 (E⊥))
Angular dispersion
Angular dispersion 2.0
2.0 nm/mr
nm/mr Angular dispersion
Angular dispersion 2.0
2.0 nm/mr
nm/mr

COATINGS
COATINGS
ML gratings
ML gratings can
can be
be overcoated
overcoated with
with gold,
gold, increasing
increasing the
the reflectivity
reflectivity at
at 10.6
10.6 microns
microns by
by approximately
approximately 1%,
1%, but
but
the damage
the damage threshold
threshold in
in high
high power
power applications
applications may
may be
be reduced.
reduced. NoNo damage
damage threshold
threshold minimums
minimums apply
apply for
for
overcoated gratings.
overcoated gratings.
Gold Overcoat
Gold Overcoat (AU-3)
(AU-3) ....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................... $60.00
$60.00 each
each

Perpendicular Polarization
Perpendicular (S)
Polarization Efficiency Curve
Efficiency Curve Key
Key
Parallel Polarization
Parallel (P)
Polarization •• All
All gratings
gratings are
are measured
measured in
in the
the Littrow
Littrow mounting
mounting in
in 1st
1st order
order
Average
Average •• All
All gratings
gratings utilize
utilize an
an aluminum
aluminum (AI)
(AI) reflective
reflective coat
coat

These are several of Optometrics grating efficiency

curves. Efficiency curves for all Optometrics gratings
are available on our website, www.optometrics.com

These are several of Optometrics grating efficiency

curves. Efficiency curves for all Optometrics gratings
are available on our website, www.optometrics.com

Page 22
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(978) 772-1700 to Order Optometrics
Optometrics Corporation
Corporation
 TransmissionGratings
Transmission
Transmission Gratings- --Visible
Gratings Visible&&
Visible &NIR
NIR Diffraction
NIR DiffractionGratings
Gratings

Newline
New
New lineofof
line ofreplicated
replicatedgratings,
replicated gratings,spe-
gratings, spe-
spe- TYPICALSPECIFICATIONS-VISIBLE
TYPICAL
TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS-VISIBLE&&
SPECIFICATIONS-VISIBLE &NIR
NIR
NIR
cifically
cifically designed
designed for
for use
use inin transmis-
transmis-
cifically designed for use in transmis-
Substratematerial
Substrate
Substrate material ......................................SchottB270
......................................Schott
material.......................................Schott B270
B270
sion…
sion…
sion…
Thickness
Thickness ..................................................3mm
.................................................3mm
Thickness. nominal
................................................3mmnominal
nominal
Dimensional
Dimensional tolerances
tolerances ....................................
....................................
Dimensional tolerances..................................... ±0.5mm ±0.5mm
±0.5mm
Transmissiongratings
Transmission
Transmission gratingsoffer
gratings offera a
offer abasic
basic
basic
Thicknesstolerances
Thickness
Thickness tolerances.......................................
.......................................±0.5mm
tolerances........................................ ±0.5mm
±0.5mm
simplicity
simplicity for optical designs
simplicity for optical designs thatcan
for optical designs that
that can
can
bebeneficial
bebe beneficialinin
beneficial infixed
fixedgrating
fixed gratingapplica-
grating applica-
applica- PerformanceComparison
Performance
Performance ComparisonVarious
Comparison VariousVisible
Various VisibleTxTx
Visible TxGratings
Gratings
Gratings
Performance
Performance Comparison
Comparison Various
Various TxTx Gratings
Gratings
tions
tions such as spectrographs.
tions such as spectrographs. The
such as spectrographs. The
The 100100
incidentlight
incident
incident lightisis
light isdispersed
dispersedonon
dispersed onthetheop-
the op-
op- 90 90
posite
posite side
side ofofthethe grating
grating at
at
posite side of the grating at a fixed a a fixed
fixed 80 80

angle.Transmission
angle.
angle. Transmissiongratings
Transmission gratingsare
gratings arevery
are very
very 70 70
300300 l/mm
l/mm

Absolute Efficiency (%)

Absolute Efficiency (%)
forgiving
forgiving forfor some
some types
types of
forgiving for some types of grating of grating
grating 60 60
600600
VISVIS
alignmenterrors.
alignment
alignment errors.
errors. 50 50

40 40

600600
UVUV
ByBynecessity,
By necessity,transmission
necessity, transmissiongratings
transmission gratings
gratings
30 30
1200
1200 l/mm
l/mm
830830 l/mm
l/mm E 300
E 300
20 20 E 600
require
require relatively
relatively coarse
coarse
require relatively coarse groove groove
groove
E 600
E 600
E 600 UVUV
10 10 E 830
E 830
spacingstoto
spacings
spacings tomaintain
maintainhigh
maintain highefficiency.
high efficiency.
efficiency. E 1200
E 1200
0 0
As the diffraction angles increase 300300 400400 500500 600600 700700 800800 900900 1000 1100
As the diffraction angles increase
1000 1100
As the diffraction angles increase Wavelength
Wavelength (nm)
(nm)

withthe
with
with thefiner
the finerspacings,
finer spacings,the
spacings, therefrac-
the refrac-
refrac-
tive
tive properties of the materials used PerformanceComparison
Performance ComparisonforforNIR
NIRTxTxGrating
Grating
tive properties of the materialsused
properties of the materials used
limitthe
limit
limit the transmission
the transmissionatat
transmission atthe
thehigher
the higher
higher
wavelengths
wavelengths and
and performance
performance
wavelengths and performance drops drops
drops
off.The
off.
off. Thegrating
The gratingdispersion
grating dispersioncharacter-
dispersion character-
character-
istics,
istics, however, lend themselves
istics, however, lend themselvestoto
however, lend themselves to
compactsystems
compact
compact systemsutilizing
systems utilizingsmall
utilizing smallde-
small de-
de-
tector
tector arrays.
arrays. The
The gratings
gratings
tector arrays. The gratings are also are
are also
also
relativelypolarization
relatively
relatively polarizationinsensitive.
polarization insensitive.
insensitive.

TRANSMISSIONGRATINGS:
TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION GRATINGS:
GRATINGS:
VISIBLE&&
VISIBLE
VISIBLE &NIR
NIR
NIR
Thisline
This
This lineofof
line ofblazed
blazedtransmission
blazed transmission
transmission 300/24.8Degree
300/24.8 DegreeTxTx
TxGrating
Grating
300/24.8 Degree Grating
gratings
gratings was designed
gratings was designedfor
was designed foroptimum
for optimum
optimum
performanceinin
performance
performance inthe
thevisible
the visibleand
visible andNIR
and NIR
NIR PerformanceComparison
Performance
Performance Comparisonforfor
Comparison forNIR
NIRTxTx
NIR TxGrating
Grating
Grating
spectrum,
spectrum, offering different levels
spectrum, offering different levelsofof
offering different levels of
dispersion.InIn
dispersion.
dispersion. Inmost
mostcases,
most cases,the
cases, theefficien-
the efficien-
efficien-
cyisis
cycy iscompa-
compa-
compa-
rabletoto
rable
rable tothat
that
that
ofreflection
ofof reflection
reflection
gratingstyp-
gratings
gratings typ-
typ-
ically
ically used
used
ically used
inthe
inin thesame
the same
same
region
region of
region of ofthe
the
the
spectrum.
spectrum.
spectrum.

300/31.7Degree
300/31.7
300/31.7 DegreeTxTx
Degree TxGrating
Grating
Grating
Allgratings
AllAll gratingsmeasured
gratings measuredatat
measured atzero
zerodegree
zero degreeangle
degree angleofof
angle ofincidence
incidence
incidence

OptometricsCorporation
Optometrics
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Page
Page 23
Diffraction Gratings Transmission Gratings - Visible & NIR

Transmission Gratings - Visible

Grooves/mm
Size 300 g/mm 600 g/mm 600 g/mm 830 g/mm 1200 g/mm PRICE

(mm) Blaze Angle

($)
o o o o o
17.5 28.7 (VIS) 22 (UV) 29.87 36.9

12.7 x 12.7 3-9801 3-9807 3-9813 3-9819 3-9825 59.00

12.7 x 12.7 (AR) 3-9901 3-9907 3-9913 3-9919 3-9925 79.00

25 x 25 3-9802 3-9808 3-9814 3-9820 3-9826 89.00

25 x 25 (AR) 3-9902 3-9908 3-9914 3-9920 3-9926 119.00

30 x 30 3-9803 3-9809 3-9815 3-9821 3-9827 99.00

30 x 30 (AR) 3-9903 3-9909 3-9915 3-9921 3-9927 129.00

50 x 50 3-9804 3-9810 3-9816 3-9822 3-9828 165.00

50 x 50 (AR) 3-9904 3-9910 3-9916 3-9922 3-9928 195.00

12.5 x 25 3-9805 3-9811 3-9817 3-9823 3-9829 69.00

12.5 x 25 (AR) 3-9905 3-9911 3-9917 3-9923 3-9929 89.00

25 x 50 3-9806 3-9812 3-9818 3-9824 3-9830 129.00

25 x 50 (AR) 3-9906 3-9912 3-9918 3-9924 3-9930 159.00

Transmission Gratings - NIR

Grooves/mm
Size 300 g/mm 300 g/mm PRICE
(mm) Baze Angle ($)
o o
31.7 24.8

12.7 x 12.7 3-9201 3-9207 59.00

25 x 25 3-9202 3-9208 89.00

30 x 30 3-9203 3-9209 99.00

50 x 50 3-9204 3-9210 165.00

12.5 x 25 3-9205 3-9211 69.00

25 x 50 3-9206 3-9212 129.00

Transmission gratings can be made with AR coatings. Optometrics’ standard AR coating for gratings is intended
for use in the visible. In addition to increasing the throughput of the grating, an AR coating eliminates any secondary
spectra concerns caused by the back surface reflection. Please note, however, that AR coatings are designed for
peak performance at a specific wavelength and may detract from grating efficiency outside the design wavelength
range.

Page 24 email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Optometrics Corporation

 Transmission Gratings
Transmission Gratings -- UV
UV Diffraction
DiffractionGratings
Gratings
TRANSMISSION 1200 UV Tx Gratings
TRANSMISSION
GRATINGS - UV
100
1200 UV Tx Gratings
GRATINGS - UV
90

New UV Transmission Gratings are

80

70

Absolute Efficiency (%)

Newavailable
UV Transmission Gratings
in standard sizes. Theyareare 60
0

0
1200/36.9 UV +1
1200/36.9 UV 0
1200/26.7 UV +1
1200/26.7 UV 0
available in standard sizes. They
manufactured with carefully selected are 50

40

manufactured
UV materialswith carefully
allowing selected
for optimal per- 30
+1

UV formance
materialsdown to 235
allowing fornm. Zero per-
optimal order
20
+1
10

data isdown
formance included
to 235 innm. Zero
all performance
order 0
200 300 400 500 600 700 800

datacurves for those in interested in beam

Wavelength (nm)

is included all performance 830/19.4 Degree UV Tx Gratings

splitting
curves applications.
for those interested in beam 830 UV Tx Gratings
100

90

splitting applications. 80

TYPICAL 70

Absolute Efficiency (%)

830/19.4 UV +1

SPECIFICATIONS - UV 830/19.4 UV 0 60

TYPICAL 50

Substrate material ...........

SPECIFICATIONS - UVUV grade
40

30

fused silica 20
Substrate material............ UV grade
Thickness ..................2mm nominal 10

fused silica
Dimensional tolerances ..... ±0.5mm
0
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Wavelength (nm)

Thickness...................2mm
Thickness tolerances ......... nominal
±0.2mm 100
600 UV Tx Gratings

Dimensional tolerances...... ±0.5mm 90 600 UV Tx Gratings

80
Thickness tolerances.......... ±0.2mm 70
0

+1
Absolute Efficiency (%)

600/22/0 UV +1
60 600/22.0 UV 0

Transmission gratings can be 50

+1
0 600/17.5 UV +1
600/17.5 UV 0

made with ARgratings

Transmission coatings.can In addi-
be
40

30

made tionwith
to increasing
AR coatings. the(See
throughput
page 20

24).ofIntheaddition
grating, an AR coating elimi-
to increasing the 10

0
throughput
nates anyofsecondary
the grating, an AR
spectra con- 200 300 400 500 600 700
Wavelength (nm)
800 900 1000 1100

300 UV Tx
coating eliminates any secondary
cerns caused by the back surface 100

spectra concerns
reflection. Please caused by the
note, however, 300 UV Tx Gratings 90

80
back surface reflection. Please
that AR coatings are designed for 70
0
note, however, that AR coatings
Absolute Efficiency (%)

60
peak performance at a specific 300/8.8 UV +1
+1

are designed for peak perfor- 300/8.8 UV 0

50

wavelength and may detract from 40

mance at a specific wavelength

All gratings measured at
30

andgrating efficiency
may detract fromoutside theef-
grating de-
zero degree angle of incidence.
20

sign wavelength range.

ficiency outside the design wave-
10

length range.
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Wavelength (nm)

Transmission Gratings - UV

Size (mm)
300 g/mm
8.6°
Transmission
600 g/mm
22°
600 g/mm
17.5
Gratings
830 g/mm
19.4
-1200
UV g/mm
36.9 ° ° °
1200 g/mm
26.7° Price ($)
Grooves/mm
12.7
Size x 12.7 3003-9401
g/mm 3-9411
600 g/mm 3-9421
600 g/mm 3-9431
830 g/mm 3-9441
1200 g/mm 3-9451
1200 g/mm 65.00Price
(mm)
25 x 25 3-9402 3-9412 3-9422 Blaze Angle
3-9432 3-9442 3-9452 95.00 ($)

8.6° 22° 17.5° 19.4° 36.9° 26.7°
30 x 30 3-9403 3-9413 3-9423 3-9433 3-9443 3-9453 115.00
12.7 x5012.7
x 50 3-9401
3-9404 3-9411
3-9414 3-9421
3-9424 3-9431
3-9434 3-9441
3-9444 3-9451
3-9454 65.00
199.00
25 12.5
x 25x 25 3-9402
3-9405 3-9412
3-9415 3-9422
3-9425 3-9432
3-9435 3-9442
3-9445 3-9452
3-9455 95.00
75.00
30 x2530x 50 3-9403
3-9406 3-9413
3-9416 3-9423
3-9426 3-9433
3-9436 3-9443
3-9446 3-9453
3-9456 115.00
149.00
50 x 50 3-9404 3-9414 3-9424 3-9434 3-9444 3-9454 199.00

12.5 x Optometrics
25 3-9405
Corporation 3-9415 3-9425 3-9435
email: sales@optometrics.com 3-9445 3-9455
www.optometrics.com 75.00
Page 25
25 x 50 3-9406 3-9416 3-9426 3-9436 3-9446 3-9456 149.00

Optometrics Corporation email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Page 25

 Reflecting/Transmitting “Polka Dot” Beamsplitters
Diffraction Gratings Reflecting/Transmitting

Optometrics offers a line of broadband beamsplitters

reflection to transmission ratio
with a nearly constant reflection
over the entire 250 to 2000 nm or 400 to 2000nm Incident
range. These beamsplitters consist of a
wavelength range. Light
UV grade fused silica or a B270 glass substrate with
Transmission
a vacuum deposited aluminum coating.

The aluminum coating is applied in apertures giving Reflection

appearance. Thus, the
the beamsplitter a “polka dot” appearance.
reflection from the aluminized coat-
beam is split by reflection Broadband Beamsplitter
ing and transmitted through the non-aluminized portion 45° Angle of Incidence
of the substrate.

These versatile beamsplitters are useful over a wide

wavelength range and are negligibly angle sensitive,
thus making it ideal to split the energy emitted from
a radiant source.

SPECIFICATIONS

tolerance ..................................... ± 5%
Beam split ratio tolerance......................................
Minimum beam diameter for design split ratio. ratio.......
..... 2 mm Broadband Beamsplitter
range ..........250 to 2000nm (on fused silica)
Operating range...........250
pattern ...................... Square coated apertures
Coating pattern.......................
*Substrate.................................UV
*Substrate. ...............................UV grade fused silica or
B270 glass (VIS/NIR only)
Thickness ............................................ 1.5 mm nominal
Thickness.............................................
tolerance..................................+
Size tolerance. ................................+ 0.0 mm, - 0.5 mm
angle ............................................................45°
Design angle.............................................................45°

Larger sizes available upon request

28
Page 26 (978) 772-1700 to Order
email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com OptometricsCorporation
Optometrics Corporation
Reflecting/Transmitting “Polka Dot” Beamsplitters Diffraction Gratings

“Polka Dot” Beamsplitters

Reflecting/Transmitting Beam Splitters on UV Grade Fused Silica

90/10 80/20 70/30 60/40 50/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 SIZE PRICE $

4-9001 4-8011 4-7001 4-6001 4-0001 4-0461 4-0371 4-2001 25.4 Dia. 125.00

4-9002 4-8012 4-7002 4-6002 4-0002 4-0462 4-0372 4-2002 25.4 x 25.4 125.00

4-9003 4-8013 4-7003 4-6003 4-0003 4-0463 4-0373 4-2003 38.0 Dia. 179.00

4-9004 4-8014 4-7004 4-6004 4-0004 4-0464 4-0374 4-2004 38.0 x 38.0 179.00

4-9005 4-8015 4-7005 4-6005 4-0005 4-0465 4-0375 4-2005 50.8 Dia. 399.00

4-9006 4-8016 4-7006 4-6006 4-0006 4-0466 4-0376 4-2006 50.8 x 50.8 399.00

4-9007 4-8017 4-7007 4-6007 4-0007 4-0467 4-0377 4-2007 12.7 Dia. 75.00

Reflecting/Transmitting Beam Splitters on B270 Glass

90/10 80/20 70/30 60/40 50/50 40/60 30/70 20/80 SIZE PRICE $

4-9101 4-8101 4-7101 4-6101 4-0101 4-4161 4-3101 4-2101 25.4 Dia. 95.00

4-9102 4-8102 4-7102 4-6102 4-0102 4-4162 4-3102 4-2102 25.4 x 25.4 95.00

4-9103 4-8103 4-7103 4-6103 4-0103 4-4163 4-3103 4-2103 38.0 Dia. 139.00

4-9104 4-8104 4-7104 4-6104 4-0104 4-4164 4-3104 4-2104 38.0 x 38.0 139.00

4-9105 4-8105 4-7105 4-6105 4-0105 4-4165 4-3105 4-2105 50.8 Dia. 249.00

4-9106 4-8106 4-7106 4-6106 4-0106 4-4166 4-3106 4-2106 50.8 x 50.8 249.00

4-9107 4-8107 4-7107 4-6107 4-0107 4-4167 4-3107 4-2107 12.7 Dia. 50.00

Optometrics Corporation email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Page 27

 Transmission
Diffraction GratingsGrating GratingDiffraction
Beamsplitters
Transmission BeamsplittersGratings

Transmission grating beamsplitters are commonly used

for laser beam division and multiple laser line separa- -nth
-2
tion in visible wavelengths.
wavelengths. The transmitted beam is
diffracted into multiple orders. -1 Order
Incident
Optometrics’ transmission grating beamsplitters consist Beam
0 Order
of an index matched epoxy replica on a polished n
glass substrate for a high total efficiency. These +1 Order
beamsplitters were designed specifically for useful
division of He-Ne lasers. +nth +2

Several gratings are available offering different disper- TRANSMISSION GRATING BEAMSPLITTER

sion and power distributions.

distributions. The diffraction angle for
Transmission Grating Beamsplitter
any wavelength may be calculated using the grating
equation for normal incident light.

Grating Equation:
nλ
nλ
θnn = sin-1-1
d GENERAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
Material
Material.......................................................
...................................................... Schott B270
Where:
Size ....................................... 25 mm square maximum
Size........................................
θnn = diffraction angle for the nth order
Thickness ............................................... 3 mm nominal
Thickness................................................
n = diffracted order
Tolerances ...................................................... ± 0.5 mm
Tolerances.......................................................
λλ = wavelength of light
d = grating period

Transmission
Transmission Grating
Grating Beamsplitters
Beamsplitters
Used for He-Ne laser beam division and multiple laser line separation in visible wavelengths, the transmitted
beam is diffracted into multiple orders.
He-Ne
He-Ne DIFFRACTED
DIFFRACTED ORDER
ORDER 12.7
12.7 xx 12.7
12.7 mm
mm PRICE
PRICE 25
25 xx 25
25 mm
mm PRICE
PRICE
TYPICAL
TYPICAL DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION @
@ 632.8
632.8 nm
nm (%)
(%) CATALOG
CATALOG NO. NO. ($)
($) CATALOG
CATALOG NO.NO. ($)
($)

L/MM
L/MM -2 -1 0 +1 +2

70 - - 41 32 - 4-1270 109.00
109.00 4-2570 229.00
229.00

80 5 25 25 25 5 4-1280 109.00
109.00 4-2580 229.00
229.00

92 - 20 45 20 - 4-1292 109.00
109.00 4-2592 229.00
229.00

110 - 25 28 25 - 4-1211 109.00

109.00 4-2511 229.00
229.00

COATINGS
Protective overcoatings that maintain or enhance reflectivity in the UV, Visible and IR regions are available for
an additional charge.

Gold Overcoat (AU-3) ....... $60.00 each Aluminum Magnesium Fluoride (ALMG-3) ...... $55.00 each

Page Optometrics
28 email: sales@optometrics.com
Corporation www.optometrics.com
email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Page 27
Optometrics Corporation
 Terms and Conditions Diffraction Gratings

Quantity Discounts: Shipments:

Are made via UPS ground service throughout the U.S.
The purchase of multiple pieces of the identical item will
International orders are shipped via Federal Express.
be discounted from the prevailing list price as shown Freight and insurance charges will be prepaid and
below. If more than 100 pieces of a specific item are added to your invoice. Air shipments or shipments via
required, contact our Sales Department for additional alternative carriers are made only when requested and
discounts. authorized by the purchaser.

Quantity Discount (%) Returns:

3 to 9 5 To return a product within the warranty period, contact
Optometrics to obtain a Returned Goods Authorization
10 to 24 10 (RGA) number. Transportation costs for returned
25 to 49 20 goods must be prepaid. Repaired or replaced products
50 to 100 30 will be returned to you at Optometrics’ expense. For
out-of-warranty repairs, contact Optometrics to obtain
a Customer Return Authorization (CRA) number. No
repairs will take place until you have been notified of
Custom Orders: the cost and have issued a purchase order to cover
All custom orders must be prepaid before entered into these costs. All transportation costs are borne by
production. Cancellation charges will be assessed on the user. A 15% restocking fee will be charged for all
any order cancelled after production has been started. unused returned goods. No product can be returned
Please see Prepaid payment methods. for restocking after 90 days.

Terms: Warranty:
Prices are FOB Ayer, MA. Standard payment terms Optometrics warranties all products against defects in
are net 30 days for open account customers. materials and workmanship for one year from the date
of purchase with the exception of light sources which
are warranted for three (3) months. Optical compo-
Methods of Payment: nents are warranted for one year against performance
Open Account: defects only. Cosmetic defects that do not affect per-
To apply for an open account, please provide a U.S. formance are not covered under this warranty.
bank and three U.S. trade references.
Optometrics is not liable for any consequential or inci-
Credit Cards: dental damage arising from the sale of its product(s).
Optometrics accepts Visa, MasterCard or American In any event, liability shall not exceed the invoice val-
Express credit cards on orders not exceeding ue of the product(s) sold. Accidental damage, neglect,
$2,000 in value. Orders exceeding $2,000 in value unreasonable use, attempted service, calibration, ad-
may be paid by wire transfer or bank check. justments or cleaning not explicitly called for in an in-
struction manual voids the Optometrics warranty.
COD:
Orders to U.S. addresses may be shipped on a COD Optometrics makes no warranty other than described
basis via UPS or Federal Express. above for its products or for their performance in a
specific application.
Prepaid:
Orders may be prepaid by money order, wire transfer
or company check (if encoded with an address and Contact Details:
drawn on a U.S. bank). A $35 additional fee is added Optometrics Corporation
for wire transfers.
8 Nemco Way, Ayer, MA 01432 USA
Tel: (978) 772-1700 • Fax: (978) 772-0017
Email: sales@optometrics.com
web: http://www.optometrics.com

Optometrics Corporation email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Page 29

Optometrics Corporation Order Form / Request for Quotation
Stony Brook Industrial
Diffraction Park, 8 Nemco Way, Ayer, MA 01432
Gratings
Fax Your Order/Quotation Requisitioner ____________________________ Date__________________
(978) 772-0017 24 hours a day
Purchasing Agent________________________ Fax___________________

To Order by Phone Email Address __________________________ Phone_________________

(978) 772-1700
Request for Quotation RFQ#_________________
Monday - Friday (I wish to be contacted with a quotation)
8:30 AM to 5:00 PM EST
Purchase Order P.O. Number____________

Bill To: (Please print or type) Ship To: (If different than Bill To; A street address is required)

Name___________________________________________ Name___________________________________________

Organization_____________________________________ Organization_____________________________________

Address_________________________________________ Address_________________________________________

Address _____________________ Dept_______________ Address _____________________ Dept_______________

City ________________ State _____ Zip________________ City ________________ State _____ Zip________________

Country ______________________ Postal Code_________ Country ______________________ Postal Code_________

Phone ( ) __________________ Ext________________ Phone ( ) __________________ Ext________________

Fax ( )_______________________________________ Fax ( )_______________________________________

Catalog No. Qty Item Description Price Each Total($)

Payment Total Merchandise

Open Accounts: Available to current customers in good
standing and new customers with approved credit. Shipping/Handling Charges via UPS
Circle 3 Day, 2 Day or Overnight below
Date Required________________________________
Mass Residents, add 5% tax or en-
Shipping Instructions___________________________
close tax exempt certificate
❏ C.O.D. ❏ Prepaid Check No.____________
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Card No. Expiration Date

Name as it appears on the card (Please print or type)

Signature (Required)
Page 30 email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Optometrics Corporation
 Diffraction Gratings

Optometrics Corporation email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Page 31

 Diffraction Gratings

Optometrics Corporation
Wavelength Selection Solutions

8 Nemco Way • Ayer, MA 01432 USA

Tel: 978-772-1700 • Fax: 978-772-0017
Email: sales@optometrics.com
URL: www.optometrics.com

Diffraction Gratings
2012 Catalog

Special sizes or other substrates available.

Quantity discounts available and OEM inquiries welcome.
For more information, contact Optometrics Corporation
at sales@optometrics.com.

www.optometrics.com • 978-772-1700 A Dynasil Company

Rev: 9.24.12
Page 32 email: sales@optometrics.com www.optometrics.com Optometrics Corporation