OPENING

Sentence 1:

- In the current era, / In today’s technological age, / In today’s increasingly globalized world
- Has been a (controversial/ head-splitting) issue/ a matter of controversy
- Be of the opinion that
- Facing the dilemma of
- Opinions diverge on
- A trend has emerged that
- It is widely acknowledged that

**Lưu ý sử dụng cấu trúc Normalization (Chuyển Verb ra làm chủ ngữ)

- Some individuals claim that… while others believe that…

Sentence 2: (Optional)

While some people claim/ assert/ argue/ reckon/ suppose that + QD1, others contend that/ cling to the idea that +
QD2

Sentence 3:

● Dạng Discuss both views + Opinion/ Impacts/ Pos or Neg:

- This essay will shed some light on/ elucidate the rationale behind these schools of thought before
proposing my perspective on this matter/ assessing its implications based on some grounds.

● Dạng Agree/ Disagree:

- My personal opinion expresses a partial/ complete alignment with this suggestion due to some reasons
that are elucidated(làm sáng tỏ) in this essay.

● Dạng Cause + Solutions:

- This essay will shed some light on the factors underlying this tendency/ phenomenon before proposing
some effective solutions (that government can implement) to address the issue.
BODY
1. THÂN BÀI 2 ĐOẠN

● Dạng Discuss both views + Opinion:

- On the one hand, proponents of the idea that … often state several reasons.
- On the other hand, others, including myself, believe that…

● Dạng Agree/ Disagree:

- On the one hand, it is indisputable that… can be disadvantageous to a certain extent
- Notwithstanding the aforementioned drawbacks of…, I am convinced that… seem more noteworthy
owing to a myriad of compelling reasons.

● Dạng Cause + Solutions:

- To commence with, N/ That… can stem from multiple reasons
- Despite the aforementioned factors, government intervention with laws and regulations can mitigate this
issue.

2. THÂN BÀI 3 ĐOẠN (Chỉ áp dụng cho Agree/ Disagree)

One valid reason(lí do hợp lệ) for my opposition/ agreement is that… (3 sentences)

Adding further credence(sự tin cậy) to my belief is the… (2 sentences)

However, I concede that… (3 sentences)

3. CÁCH TRIỂN KHAI Ý TƯỞNG

2 câu Luận điểm + Giải thích (Context/ Cụ thể hoá) 🡪 Hệ quả/ Ví dụ/ Ý bổ sung
3 câu Luận điểm (khái quát bằng danh từ) 🡪 Giải thích (Context/ Cụ thể hoá) 🡪 Hệ quả/ Ví dụ/ Ý bổ sung

3 câu Luận điểm + Giải thích (Context/ Cụ thể hoá) 🡪 Ví dụ 🡪 Hệ quả + Khẳng định lại

Initially, / To begin with, /

Furthermore, / Moreover, /

One significant rationale/ repercussion(hậu quả quan trọng) is that…

Another (point to make)/ justification/ severe implication is that….

To elaborate further,…/ Specifically, …/ That is, …/ This can be reinforced by the reality
that…

When/ As/ With/ By/ V_ing

Thus, / Consequently, / Therefore, / Thereby, /

This can…

CTA:

In the past,… 🡪 However,… 🡪 Therefore,…

(revolve around)

TCA:

(Đặc điểm người) 🡪 (Un)fortunately, (Đặc điểm sự vật) 🡪 The correlation between…

(be characterized by + N/ perceived as + N)

CONCLUSION
● Dạng Discuss both views + Opinion:
- Although there are mixed opinions on determining + N, I believe that…

● Dạng Agree/ Disagree:

- Although there are mixed opinions on determining …, I believe that/ partly stand in agreement with/ lean
towards the view that…
- Notwithstanding that + QD1, I partly stand in agreement with/ lean towards the view that/ I contend that
+ QD2
- I strongly/ partly advocate/ embrace/ oppose the view that…

● Dạng Cause + Solutions:

● … can derive from…. Consequently, governments should promote some feasible solutions to resolve
this problem.
NGHĨ RẰNG

Contend/ reckon/ assert/ claim/ justify/ believe

ỦNG HỘ

PHẢN ĐỐI

LỢI ÍCH:

Be predominantly advantageous/ of paramount importance

Do wonders for + N
Be indispensable for + N

Pivotal/ Crucial/ vital/ integral part of + N

Bring about multiple advantages/ Benefits/ Merits

GÂY HẠI

Disadvantage/ Drawback/ Dire consequences/ Challenges/ obstacles/ Adverse implications/ repercussion

(Be) on the verge of…

Be detrimental/ harmful to/ Pose a threat to/ Adversely impact/

Jeopardize/ Deteriorate

Main culprit in…

Exacerbate (v): Làm trầm trọng thêm

GIẢI QUYẾT

Solve/ address/ tackle/ deal with/ resolve – mitigate/ alleviate + problems/ issues/ obstacles/ difficulties

Reason/ factor/ cause/ rationale/ justification

GOVERNMENT

Implement/ carry out/ conduct

Reinforce

Promulgate + (stricter/ harsher) + rules/ laws/ regulations/ restrictions/ legislation

Violation of laws/ regulations

Prohibit/ ban/ forbid

Impose a tax/ tariff on
Government/ Authorities + intervention

Rigid adherence to

DẪN ĐẾN
Lead to/ trigger/ give rise to/ contribute to/ bring about/ result in

>< stem from/ derive from/ arise from/ result from

Foster/ facilitate/ accelerate

Substitute/ Supersede

Accumulate/ Gain

Enhance/ Boost/ Reinforce/ Bolster up/ Promote

A plethora of/ A wide range of/ A myriad of/

Deter/ Prevent so from doing sth

Aid/ Assist in

Acquire/ Accumulate knowledge/ Get exposure to knowledge/ Broaden horizons/ Gain deeper insights into/ Be
knowledgeable about

Be willing to

Instill in sb + N (a sense of…)

Regardless of/ irrespective of + N

Couple with…

Mandatory/ Compulsory/ Obligatory >< Optional

As opposed to…/ Instead of…

Immense/ massive/ diverse

STRUCTURE

Be entitled to + N = Be permitted to + V
VIẾT SAO CHO NHANH VÀ ĐƠN GIẢN NHẤT, ĐÚNG IDEA, RỒI MỚI ĐẾN TỪ VỰNG

VIẾT MỞ BÀI, KẾT BÀI TRƯỚC, LẬP DÀN Ý CÁC Ý VÀ TỪ VỰNG (10 MIN)

TRIỂN KHAI Ý, (13MIN/ 1 THÂN BÀI)

CHECK LẠI BÀI (4MIN)

VIẾT NHANH, NGẮN (TẦM 3 Ý)

VIẾT KỊP THỜI GIAN, CÔ ĐỌNG CẤU TRÚC, CHÚ Ý NGỮ PHÁP TỪ VỰNG.

TASK 2

Topic: Health + Aesthetic

An increasing number of people are choosing cosmetic surgery/ plastic surgery.

Why do people have operations to change the way they look? Do you think this is a positive
or negative development?

In the current era, a growing number of individuals are opting for cosmetic operations to alter their physical
appearance. There are multiple reasons underlying this phenomenon which will be shed some vivid lights on.
From my personal perspective, I contend that this tendency can bring about detrimental impacts on people’s
overall well-being.

To commence with, there are two notable rationales why individuals undergo plastic surgery. One of the
outstanding justifications is due to their desire to correct physical deformities. That is, congenital and
acquired defects due to injuries or diseases are inevitable in some people, making them suffer from self-
deprecation. For instance, a person born with a cleft lip might seek plastic surgery to restore normal function to
their mouth and face. Another driving factor is individuals’ aspiration to satisfy social standards of beauty. By
undergoing multiple procedures such as: nose shaping, breast augmentation or liposuction, they can enhance
aesthetic appearance and charisma. This can boost their confidence and self-esteem in social contexts and
extend their relationship.

Despite the aforementioned reasons and merits, I reckon that aesthetic surgery can trigger some drawbacks.
Initially, individuals’ health can be adversely influenced by risks and injuries. Having operations poses potential
threats comprising infection, scarry and complication from anesthesia, which can deteriorate people’s well-
being. Consequently, they will withstand health degradation which requires lengthy hospital stay, medications,
time and budget allocation to recover. Furthermore, this trend can also lead to mental trauma. In other words,
keeping up with unrealistic beauty standards derived from societal pressure and personal expectations makes
individuals feel exhausted and tired. As they are obsessed with perfecting themselves, they feel depressed as
their appearance is not up to standard.
In brief,

(More people are opting for cosmetic operations to alter their physical appearance. There are two reasons behind
this tendency including the desire to correct physical deformities and enhancing their self-esteem. However, I
believe that it has detrimental impacts on people’s physical and mental well-being.

To commence with, there are two driving factors why more individuals tend to undergo plastic surgery. Chief of
these is that some want to address their physical imperfections. More specifically, some people have
congenital defects or acquired deformities due to injuries or illnesses, and may want to undergo surgery to
correct these conditions. For instance, a person born with a cleft lip might seek plastic surgery to restore the
normal function to their mouth and face. Another justification is that they wish to boost their self-esteem. By
undergoing procedures such as breast augmentation, nose reshaping or liposuction, they can enhance
aesthetic appearance and charisma. This can help them feel more confident in social contexts and extend
their relationship.

Nevertheless, I maintain that this propensity has several drawbacks. Initially, individuals’ health can be
adversely influenced by risks and injuries. Having operations poses potential threats comprising infection,
scarry and complication from anesthesia, which can deteriorate people’s well-being. Consequently, they will
withstand health degradation which requires lengthy hospital stay, medications, time and budget allocation to
recover. Furthermore, this trend can also lead to mental trauma. In other words, keeping up with unrealistic
beauty standards derived from societal pressure and personal expectations makes individuals feel exhausted
and tired. As they consider that their altered appearance is not up to that standard, they are likely to be
obsessed with perfecting themselves and feel depressed.

In conclusion, a rising number of people prefer cosmetic surgery to transform their physical appearance since
they yearn to correct physical deformities and boost their self-confidence. Nonetheless, I contend that it poses a
threat to individuals’ holistic health. It is advisable that only deformities that affect individuals’ well-being
should be corrected and elective surgeries require counseling beforehand to avoid unnecessary mental trauma.)

_____________________________________________________________________________
Topic: Music

Some people say that music is a good way of bringing people of different cultures and
ages together.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

2-5-5-2

It is undeniable that music has the potential to unite and connect people from diverse cultural backgrounds and
ages. From my perspective, I totally agree with this opinion and this essay will shed some light on the reasons.
On the one hand, music is indispensable for bringing people of different generations together. That is,
regardless of age, all individuals can enjoy and appreciate the memorable melodies, charming rhythm or
beautiful singing, which act as magical treatments to heal our souls. Music evokes emotions that cannot be
described by words, including joy, empathy or nostalgia, fostering the bond between people of the same
passion. For instance, some concerts (Taylor Swift’ concerts) or televised music competitions such as ‘The
Voice’ draw attention of a plethora of audiences as they incredibly appeal to children, teenagers and the
seniors. Therefore, I would contend that music is the form of entertainment that can bring everyone together.

On the other hand, music has the power to transcend cultural and national boundaries. Each nation and
culture present disparate types of music from classical symphonies to modern pop songs. Getting exposure to
these diverse musical traditions can accelerate deeper insights into multiple aspects of the world.
Consequently, individuals can gain a broader understanding, appreciation and empathy of cultures with
unique histories and values. Take World Cup songs for instance, these anthems often incorporate various
musical styles and languages, reflecting the global spirit of the tournament and uniting fans from over the
world. As demonstrated, music truly is the global universal language, facilitating cultural exchange and
broadening people’s horizons.

In brief, I believe that music is unique in its capabilities to bridge the gaps between people, irrespective of
cultures and ages. Thus, music should be further encouraged in our increasingly globalized world.

Topic: Culture

Differences between countries are barely evident these days. Everyone in the world is
wearing the same brand and watching the same TV channels and movies.

Do you think it is a positive or a negative development?

In today’s increasingly globalized world, individuals from different countries tend to favor similar brands and
TV channels and movies, making national identity obscured. While this phenomenon can jeopardize cultural
diversity, I believe that it does wonders for international integration and economic development.

On the one hand, this trend can be detrimental to local brands and cultural films. That is, the prevalence of
international TV shows and brands may overshadow traditional and national ones, leaving those neglected. For
instance, many people have a preference for cinematic films from Marvel, holding little interest in
documentary and historical programs. This will not only lead to individuals' lack of appreciation and insight
into their homeland but also accelerate cultural assimilation and national diversity loss.

On the other hand, gaining access to the same brands and TV shows is indispensable for promoting
globalization. By getting exposure to universal content, people may be knowledgeable about diverse cultures
and keep up with the latest global events. Therefore, individuals share common interests, and easily
communicate and collaborate with others, minimizing the risks of culture shock and language barriers when
travelling abroad. Another essential point to make is that this tendency can potentially boost economic growth.
Thanks to the interest of a plethora of people, many multinational businesses can have their branches
worldwide, which resolves the issue of unemployment. Take some famous brands like Nike, McDonalds, and
Starbucks as an example, those companies have successfully expanded to various countries, creating thousands
of jobs in the process and making huge investments in local economies.

In brief, although the popularity of international content may pose a threat to national identity and cultural
preservation, I believe that this trend can pave the way for more connected global community, cross-culture
understanding and growth of economy.

______________________________________________________________________________
Topic: Economy + Business

At present time, the population of some countries includes a relatively large number of
young adults, compared with the number of older people.

Do the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages?

In the current era, young adults constitute a considerable percentage of the population in some nations, in
comparison to the elderly. Although some individuals reckon that having a predominant young population
may trigger multiple drawbacks, I personally contend this demographic pattern can greatly benefit the
country thanks to its active workforce.

On the other hand, proponents of the idea that it is disadvantageous to have a high proportion of adults in a
country often state several reasons. The most outstanding concern is the imbalance in age distribution, leading
to an oversupply of workers. Consequently, young residents are supposed to face unemployment/ be made
redundant, which then poses potential threats to the country including greater crime rate and social
instability. Furthermore, seniors are perceived as gaining much wider experience, wisdom and exposure to
many specific fields. These traits contribute to key areas comprising politics, history, social issues, thus
fostering overall stability and vitality of a nation. The absence of mentorship and guidance of these senior
citizens could hinder cultural, societal progress.

On the other hand, many people, including myself, believe that the prevalence of youthful populations brings
about many merits. Initially, young adults are characterized by their ambition, motivation and creativity that
are indispensable for developing a country’s strength. These dynamic and productive workforces full of new
fresh ideas and innovations will undoubtedly accelerate economic growth, foster international integration and
facilitate evolution. For instance, most technological advancements are driven by young adults who have
shown their determination in pursuing their goals. The second benefit lies in relieved financial burden for
government. That is, healthcare and welfare expenses and pensions for the elderly which take up a huge
allocation of financial budget will be mitigated and then devoted to more urgent issues (including education,
infrastructure, environment).

In brief, a high percentage of the young population can result in both pros and cons for the country, and I believe
that the merits have greater significance to the overall development of a nation and offset the negative aspects.
 Topic: Business

Nowadays, managers and team leaders in different organizations are much younger
compared to the past.
What are the reasons for it? Is it a positive or negative development?

In the current era, many enterprises are led by young managers, rather than seniors. There are several factors
underlying this phenomenon which will be shed some light on. From my perspective, although I believe this
development can do wonders for companies, some drawbacks should also not be neglected.

Initially, this trend may stem from increasingly energetic and creative young populations. That is, thanks to
technological breakthroughs and enhanced education systems, individuals now get exposure to a wide
range of knowledge available at an early age. This fosters not only their intellectual capacity for future aspects,
but also problem-solving and managing skills that are indispensable for starting up and running a business.
Moreover, young populations nowadays are characterized by dynamic, ambitious, proactive traits who will
come up with new ideas and bring innovations. Thus, they are more likely to gain much energy, strategies,
orientations for the company’s development.

On the one hand, having a young manager assuming the responsibility of leading an organization can bring
about spirit and innovative workflow. These companies can make better adaptations to social and economic
changes and keep up with the latest trends. Therefore, the foundation will pave the way for productive
progress, accelerating financial income and innovative advancements. Despite the aforementioned merits, for
holistic and long-term development, the company should not be led by young individuals. With the lack of
wisdom, hands-on experience and invaluable knowledge gained from real-life difficulties, young employers
can have the company succumb to risks of industry’s complexity. This can potentially lead to companies’
instability and even failure in the long run since young leaders struggle to maintain composure or develop
effective strategies during critical times.

In brief, the prevalence of young leaders in different organizations may be derived from improved education
systems giving access to knowledge. From my point of view, I reckon that young managers are capable of
bringing creativity and modern approaches to leadership while seniors can offer experience and wisdom, and
companies should balance those.

Topic: Business

Nowadays many people choose to be self-employed, rather than to work for a company
or organization.
 Why this might be the case?

What could be disadvantageous of being self-employed?

In the current era, many individuals tend to start their own companies, as opposed to being employed by others.
There are several factors underlying this phenomenon and some drawbacks will also shed some light on.

To begin with, the decision for many people to choose to be self-employed often stems from multiple factors.
To begin with, thanks to the technological breakthroughs and enhanced education systems, young
individuals get more exposure to a wealth of information early on during their study. With a modern
education approach which is practical rather theoretical, they can focus on life skills, fostering creativity,
adaptability, dynamism, self-exploration. Therefore, individuals tend to challenge themselves which is
indispensable for expanding limits of their ability and potential and boosting entrepreneurship. Another
significant factor lies in the comfort and flexibility of self-employment. This can be justified by the privilege
that self-employed individuals have including freedom in working schedules and workplaces, avoidance of
pressure of under control by someone else, and indulgence in whatever areas they aim for their
development. Consequently, entrepreneurs can spare leisure time to devote themselves to personal
commitments such as families, vacations or health.

However, being self-employed can be disadvantageous in some ways, associated with risks and challenges.
Initially, starting up and maintaining a business demands massive investment, making the owner face financial
instability/ income insecurity until the company works properly. In the worst-case scenario, some individuals
may borrow from the bank which places them under significant loan pressure, and if their enterprise fails, they
could face unmanageable debt, potentially leading to bankruptcy. In terms of expertise, company leaders must
acquire a wide range of knowledge and abilities, including personnel, accounting, marketing, IT
application, logistics. With insufficient hands-on experience, imprecise orientation and careless strategy,
individuals can have the business succumb to difficulties such as unstable human resource, decreasing
revenue, out-of-track development in such volatile and competitive market.

To maintain and develop/ expand the business 🡪 To incur the debt from banks or other lenders 🡪In case the
business does not work well🡪 huge pressure 🡪 detrimental to their physical and mental health

In brief, while self-employment offers flexibility, independence, and growth opportunities, it can also pose
potential risks in terms of finance and requires immense investment in diverse skills and other areas.

Accounting = Financial management

Topic: Work

Some people say that having more money and less free time is better than earning less
money and having more free time.

Do you agree or disagree?

In the current era, many individuals reckon that it is an optimal choice to gain more financial resource, at the
expense of less leisure time. While this phenomenon can do wonders for one’s economic security, I believe
some dire consequences should also be taken into consideration.

On the one hand, sacrificing free time to earn more money can be of great benefit. By dedicating time to
assuming a heavy workload, individuals can gain a substantial amount of income to satisfy their costs of
living. This is especially crucial for those who are facing predicaments, supporting families, paying debt. For
materialism pursuers, prioritizing this is the best approach to accumulate wealth, which allows them to afford
luxury items, and lead a lifestyle satisfying their desire. Therefore, the pursuit of material wealth may provide a
sense of accomplishment, safety and long-term stability, as well as the ability to enjoy better things in life.

Despite the aforementioned advantages, I am of the opinion that prioritizing gaining income is detrimental in
some ways. Initially, being snowed under excessive workloads to earn more can leave individuals with limited
time to have sufficient rest, take care of themselves, and engage in leisure activities and sports. Therefore,
those are supposed to face multiple diseases including spinal injuries, arthritis, and increased risk of strokes,
potentially leading to health deterioration and posing a threat to the overall well-being. Another point worth
considering is that meager free time may discourage individuals from socializing and interacting with others.
This can weaken bonds between family members and hinder relationship expansion, which triggers emotional
distances and misunderstandings. Thus, being under the high pressure of work, coupled with a lack of time
to confide troubles in loved ones, may foster a feeling of general isolation and dissatisfaction in individuals,
becoming a catalyst for stress, depression, and mental trauma.

In brief, although it is recommended for people to emphasize earning more money and allocating less free time, I
think this can be disadvantageous and everyone should lead a healthy and balanced life.

May/ can/ are likely to/ are supposed to/ appear to

___________________________________________
Detrimental to / pose a threat to / jeopardize / deteriorate/

Trigger/ Bring about/ Result in + drawbacks/ consequences/

ÔN CÁCH VIẾT KẾT BÀI WRITING TASK 2

_________________________________________________________________________
Topic: Migration

In many countries around the world, rural people are moving to cities, so the population
in the countryside is decreasing.

Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

In the current era, there emerges a trend that rural individuals are migrating to metropolises, leading to the
descending population in the countryside. While this development can be disadvantageous to some extent, I
believe that it is of paramount importance based on the following grounds.

One valid reason to explain for this positive development is that major cities are hubs of industrial complex,
technological and multinational corporations, providing a wide range of job prospects with lucrative
incomes. Thus, movement to cities offers individuals more exposure to a wealth of job opportunities, which
not only enables them to climb the career ladders and accumulate wealth to make a living, but also enhances
their working skills and potential. Moreover, the plethora of enterprises, especially sectors like tech and
industry, demand a great workforce, thereby making migration more beneficial. (=> For instance,…)

Adding further credence to my belief is the improved living standard in cities. This guarantees individuals
access to superior healthcare, transportation, educational institutions and cultural experiences, enriching
both physical and mental lives. Consequently, individuals can enjoy a better life, and fully devote themselves to
the work and fulfill personal commitments.

However, I concede that migration to cities can be detrimental to rural areas. The decreasing numbers of
residents in the countryside places these areas under the conditions of labor shortage, economic decline,
posing a threat to agricultural industries. Also, the government may shift their focus and investments to cities,
leaving many farming businesses struggling to sustain themselves.

In brief, notwithstanding that the flow of immigrants to urban areas can lead to neglection and deterioration in
countryside, I reckon that this does wonders for both urban and rural areas with proper management and
planning from the authorities.

______________________________________________________________________________
Topic: Education

Some people think the government should invest more money in teaching science than
other subjects in order for a country to develop and progress.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In the current era, whether the government should prioritize financial investments in science education in
schools has become a controversial dispute. While this can do wonders for the country’s development, I reckon
that for a nation’s long-term prosperity, social subjects are also worth being invested in.

On the one hand, placing an emphasis on science subjects in schools’ curriculums brings about multiple merits.
To begin with, this curriculum can guarantee students access to a wide range of knowledge and diverse
practical skills in terms of science, technology, mathematics, and engineering, which can be applied to
many prospects. Therefore, individuals are capable of innovating new inventions or solutions to urgent
issues, potentially paving the way for scientific breakthroughs. The nation thus gains great benefits in the
human race, where progress is made in various fields, accelerating economic growth. (Take the America for
instance, this nation is a hub of tech giants and famous scientists, thanks to its immense investments in science.)
On the other hand, I am of the opinion that the strong and flourishing countries demand huge financial allocation
in social subjects. Initially, history as an example instills in citizens a sense of patriotism, as they gain
intimate knowledge of historical events including invasions and wars. Being knowledgeable about the past and
the endeavors of previous generations to unify the country makes individuals appreciate the current value of
peace and then wholeheartedly devote themselves to their beloved homeland. Consequently, the country is
well protected and developed by citizens fully conscious of their vision, responsibility, and desire. Another
point to consider is that humanities subjects like literature and philosophy foster critical thinking, ethical
reasoning, and social awareness. These are integral parts of many aspects including education, politics, and
tourism which are the foundations for a nation’s holistic development.
In brief, whereas science and technology are indispensable for the nation’s growth, I contend that financial
investments should not be significantly distributed to them, leaving others like social subjects and humanities
being neglected.

Topic: Education

Some people think adults should learn practical skills by themselves, while others think
they should learn from teachers.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

In the current era, opinions diverge on whether adults should acquire hands-on skills through self-learning or
with assistance from educators. This essay will shed some light on both sides and present my perspective.
On the one hand, proponents of the idea that adults should learn practical skills independently often state
several justifications. Initially, with self-directed learning, adults get exposure to a wide range of real-life
circumstances through their discovery that facilitates critical thinking, problem-solving skills and the
capability to seek information. Therefore, they are likely to gain diverse knowledge, and an expansive skill set
which are indispensable for their personal growth. Another point to make is that learning independently can
also give individuals the freedom to explore and apply the methods that align with their learning style and
pace. This is justified by the privilege that they can fully modify their schedule and activities that best suit their
desire and goal, thus fostering creativity and productivity.

On the other hand, many individuals, including myself, reckon that learning practical skills from instructors
does wonders for individuals’ well-rounded development. To begin with, teachers can provide an organized
learning environment with all necessary concepts and skills covered systematically, enabling the students to
gain access to a wealth of expert knowledge and practical insights. With immediate feedback and orientation
on performance, the students can make adjustments to address mistakes and enhance their ability and
comprehensive understanding. Moreover, formal learning fosters a sense of discipline with deadlines and
structured schedules which motivates individuals to devote themselves to studying effectively.

In brief, notwithstanding that self-learning offers the advantage of flexibility and personalization, I lean
towards the view that acquiring practical skills under the supervision of educators is more advantageous.
______________________________________________________________________________

Topic: Crime

The best way to reduce youth crimes is to educate their parents with parental skills.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In the current era, in order to mitigate the crime rates, it is recommended that parents should acquire essential
skills in child-rearing. While I am of the opinion that this approach can be beneficial in some respects, there are
also some effective ways for holistic awareness and long-term prevention of youth crime commitment.

On the one hand, I reckon equipping parents with parental skills can contribute to the reduction of crime.
Initially, when parents are knowledgeable about their child’s behaviors and activities, they can perform better
child education. With the right orientation and guidance, children are likely to gain a sense of empathy and
understanding towards society associated with ethical actions, potentially deterring their possibility of
engaging in a criminal act. Moreover, possessing parental competency is also indispensable for building a
role model for the children to follow. By setting good examples of their actions, parents create a foundation of
trust and respect, instilling in children’s values, disciplines and morality that shape their character. This fosters
a nurturing environment where children are motivated to achieve positive goals in life, as opposed to criminal
activities.

Despite the aforementioned approach, some methods are also worth prioritizing to lower the crime rate. The
most viable measure may be to introduce criminology to the school’s curriculum. That is, criminology is often
based on empirical data and reliable research, providing children with a wide range of knowledge about
crime. With this method, students can gain deeper insights into crime through the lens of science and thereby
have a holistic view of it and the associated dangers.

In brief, notwithstanding that there are some ways to minimize the crime rate, I partly stand in agreement with
the view that educating parents with parental skills can do wonders for crime reduction.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Topic: Children + Parents

Some people believe that allowing children to make their own choices on everyday
matters (such as food, clothes and entertainment) is likely to result in a society of
individuals who only think about their own wishes. Other people believe that it is
important for children to make decisions about matters what affect them.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Entitle to + N/ V_ing
In the current era, whether children should be allowed/ have the freedom to make choices on daily stuff has
been a controversial dispute. While some individuals reckon that this can foster self-centered traits / lead to a
selfish society/ produce a generation with individualism (self-centeredness) in society, others believe that can
do wonders for the children’s development. This essay will shed some vivid lights on both aspects and present
my own perspective.

On the one hand, proponents often assert that giving children freedom to choose things can produce a
generation with individualism. That is, children will base solely on their decisions, wishes and preferences to
opt for toys, technical products or clothes, without considering their parents’ situation, emotions or financial
state. This can result in a lack of empathy, disregard, and even impulsive behaviors when their desires are
not satisfied. These characteristics developed with time in their adulthood can be detrimental to society where
sharing and understanding are far from existing.

On the other hand, some advocates, including myself, believe that permitting children to make their own
choices is indispensable for their maturity and development. To begin with, autonomy, independence and
self-confidence can be accelerated thanks to empowerment. By making choices about their daily lives, children
get exposure to many problematic situations, learn to evaluate options, and understand consequences. With the
guidance and orientation from their parents, decision-making right can become a valuable opportunity for
children to build up important traits such as creativity, problem-solving skills and responsibility. Another
significance of this matter lies in the children’s self-exploration. Thinking and deciding can give children time
to discover their own habits, ambitions and current aspirations, from which they can gain a deeper
understanding off/ insight into their selves. (Last but not least is the learning from failure in case their decision
is not proper or not correct. The approach of letting children decide their own matters is good practice enabling
them to make informed decisions in their life and work when they enter adulthood.)

In conclusion, I contend that it is pivotal to entitle children to the freedom to make their own choices, and this
should be done better with parents’ supervision and guidance within a structured environment that
emphasizes the importance of responsibility, empathy, self-confidence, self-reliance and creativity.

Topic: Children + Parents

In today's competitive world, many families need both parents to go out to work. While
some say the children in these families benefit from the additional income, others feel
they lack support because of their parents’ absence.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

In the current era, there is a growing need that both parents in families have to engage in workforces. While
some advocates reckon that children in these families can gain extra financial advantage, others think they can
face inadequate guidance due to their non-present parents. This essay will shed some light on both views and
present my own perspective.
On the one hand, proponents often assert that children with both parents working can have huge financial
advantages. Initially, increased income can guarantee families improved living standards, allowing children to
access to superior healthcare and educational resources such as private tutoring or extracurricular
activities. Therefore, children can get exposure to a wide range of knowledge and real-life experiences,
fostering their intellectual and cognitive capacity. Furthermore, with both parents devoting themselves to
work, children will perceive them as being hard-working and dedicated, instilling a sense of responsibility and
a strong work ethic. Being knowledgeable about the importance of independence and self-reliance equips
children with essential skills for their prospects.

On the other hand, some skeptics, including myself, believe that having both parents occupied with work can be
detrimental to the children’s maturity and development. The primary concern is that children are likely to
receive insufficient emotional support and interaction as they have no one to confide in their troubles and
thoughts to. This not only fosters feelings of general isolation and neglect but also becomes a catalyst for
stress, depression, and mental trauma, deteriorating their overall well-being and mental health. Another point
to make is that the absence of parents’ supervision and guidance can result in a shortage of discipline and
imprecise orientation in their child, eventually leading to subpar academic results and misbehaviors.

In brief, notwithstanding that dual income from both parents sometimes brings material possesses and a better
life for their children, I lean towards the view that this tendency can pose a threat to the children’s development
due to the lack of child-rearing.

Both parents occupied with work = both parents working = involvement/ engagement of both parents in
workforce

_____________________________________________________________________________

Topic: Technology

Some people think that the increasing use of computers and mobile phones for
communication hurts young people's reading and writing skills.
Do you agree or disagree?

In the current era, it is believed that the escalating usage of digital interactions through technological devices can
deteriorate individuals’ literacy capacities. While this tendency sometimes poses a threat to traditional reading
methods, I am of the opinion that technology facilitates creativity in writing and information acquisition in
reading.

One valid reason for my opposition is based on a wealth of content available on the internet such as
newspapers, journal articles, or tabloids, which appeal to a wide range of readers. This allows individuals to
gain greater exposure to different genres and diverse writing styles, potentially broadening their
knowledge horizon. For instance, instead of printing heavy physical books for reading, youths are able to fully
immerse themselves in the content by downloading a soft copy, motivating them to engage in habitual
perusal.

Adding further credence to my belief is that such platforms comprising social media, blogs, and forums foster
many forms of innovative writing including digital storytelling or multimedia projects, which reach wider
audiences. Furthermore, the availability of interactive tools on these platforms also enables individuals to receive
valuable feedback and comments, helping them to enhance their writing skills and accelerate insights into
their ambitions and aspirations. For example, due to the anonymous nature of the internet, a teenager is
willing to publish his fiction without the fear of criticism.

However, I concede that the prevalence of technology can hinder the continuity of the reading process. That is,
a plethora of online content encourages skimming and scanning rather than deep reading, impeding the
development of a solid understanding of the text and critical thinking skills. Moreover, frequent
multitasking and notifications on digital devices can fragment one’s attention and disrupt their reading flow,
making it harder for people to concentrate on lengthy or complex texts.

In brief, notwithstanding that the wide adoption of electronic devices can be detrimental to reading techniques,
I lean towards the view that this trend is of great importance in fostering creativity in writing and more frequent
reading.

literacy abilities/ capacities/ reading and writing skills

Mobile phones/ cell phones/ handheld phones

Youth/ Teenager/ Young individual/ people

Electronic/ Technological/ Digital device

Growing/ Increasing/ Escalating usage

The prevalence (plethora/ populariy) of / A weath of/ A wide adoption of

Promote/ Encourage/ Foster/ Facilitate

Enable/ Allow/ Make/

______________________________________________________________________________
Topic: Animal

In the modern world, it is no longer necessary to use animals as food or other products,
such as medicines and clothing.
Do you agree or disagree?

In today’s age of scientific advancements, it is argued that humanity should no longer rely on animals as a
source of food, medicine, and clothing production. Although achieving this shift may be challenging in some
regions, I support the view that reducing our dependence on animals is both ethical and beneficial for our well-
being.
One valid reason for my agreement is that the excessive consumption of processed meat on a regular and long-
term basis has been the main culprit of numerous diseases including cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular
problems. Thus, shifting towards plant-based products can help individuals prevent health deterioration and
enjoy a better life. Research has shown that vegetarian diets with mushrooms often contain a high level of
protein, offering sufficient energy and nourishment to sustain a healthy lifestyle, and thus can be used as a
substitute for meat.

Adding further credence to my belief is moral and humanitarian concerns. That is, thousands of wild animals
are killed each year for their fur and accessories for the fashion industry, combined with a plethora of medical
experiments carried out on animals. These practices are now unnecessary, especially with today’s breakthroughs
in synthetic materials and alternative medicines. Innovative fabrics, such as vegan leather and plant-based
textiles, can replace animal products in fashion whereas many plant-derived medicines have proven effective in
aiding medical practitioners in the treatment of many illnesses. Therefore, with the availability of options that
can fulfill our needs, animals should not have to suffer for our demands anymore.

However, I concede that some underprivileged countries may struggle to adopt no-meat regulations and fully
eliminate animal use. As animals are considered as the primary resource to manufacture goods and foster
economic growth in these countries, switching to alternatives of animals requires lots of effort, a financial
foundation in long-term period.

In brief, while I acknowledge that eradicating the reliance on animals can be challenging in some
circumstances, I am of the opinion that this alteration will do wonders for not only humans but also animals on
ethical grounds.

______________________________________________________________________________
Topic: Advertisement

Consumers are faced with increasing advertisements from competing companies.

To what extent do you think consumers are influenced by advertisements?

In today’s marketplace, consumers are exposed to the escalating number of advertisements from competing
firms. While I acknowledge that advertisements may impact individuals’ choices in many ways, I reckon
consumers are becoming less influenced by such marketing strategies.

On the one hand, advertisements have powerful potential to shape customers’ behavior. That is, many
enterprises have their advertisements designed to satisfy consumers’ desires, interests and ambitions, which
appeals to a plethora of individuals. Frequent exposure to advertisements from the same brand facilitates
familiarity and unconscious bias, determining their shifts toward the products of the enterprise, rather than
other companies. For instance, famous brands such as Apple, Gucci or Starbucks have made immense
investment in marketing and enhancing their image on a global scale, thereby promoting prevalence and
accelerating consumerism.
On the other hand, I am of the opinion that advertisements are losing their effectiveness in attracting customers.
Initially, many enterprises exaggerate the benefits of the products and promotional offers, leading to
unrealistic expectations and disappointment. This fosters a high level of distrust and skepticism towards not
only the brand but also the advertising industry in general. Moreover, with access to digital platforms, many
customers are more conscious and critical of persuasive techniques and marketing gimmicks, thus gaining a
comprehensive understanding of financial planning. When current economic downturns are triggering meager
budgets, consumers are less swayed by advertisements and prioritize essential needs over discretionary
purchases.

In brief, notwithstanding that advertisements can affect customers’ decisions in many ways, I believe that they
are becoming less influential in persuading consumers due to their mindful behavior.

A high level of

Have the power/ potential/ ability to

(Marked: 8.5-9.0) WRITING EVALUATION\No2.docx

Topic: Economy
Some people say economic growth is the only way to end world poverty and hunger,
while others say economic growth is damaging the environment and must stop.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

In the current era, many individuals claim that, in order to address global poverty and famine, economic growth
should be the top priority. However, others reckon that this can posecan pose a threat to the environment. This
essay will shed some light on both aspects before proposing my own perspective based on some grounds.
On the one hand, proponents of the idea that the elimination of world poverty depends solely on economic
growth often state several reasons. In today's society, the scarcity of food has been the main culprit in
depriving millions of people of their lives. Therefore, accelerating economic growth fosters agricultural
progress and food production, such as rice, meat, or vegetables, making them universally attainable to a wide
range of impoverished residents around the globe. Moreover, through the revenues generated from trade and
exports, authorities can allocate a larger financial budget to assisting underprivileged citizens in affording their
daily necessities and meals. This will not only ultimately resolve hunger and poverty but also facilitate the long-
term sustainability and prosperity of nations.

On the other hand, others, including myself, believe that placing an emphasis on economic growth can
jeopardize the environment. Initially, higher demand for goods production can lead to tremendous exploitation
of Earth's resources, such as fossil fuels, coals, minerals, and woods. Thus, these resources may be exhausted,
and the ecosystem, forests, and natural landscapes may be adversely deteriorated. Another point to make is that
intensive industrialization and a plethora of factories manufacturing products can contribute substantially to
the increased amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. This will result in high levels of pollution
around the world, damaging the environment and triggering major issues such as climate change, global
warming, and ozone depletion.
In brief, notwithstanding that economic growth is key to resolving poverty and hunger on a global scale, I am of
the opinion that this may be detrimental to the environment. Therefore, governments should implement
appropriate strategies to balance these concerns.

(Marked: 7.5-8.0) WRITING EVALUATION\No4.docx

Deprive sb of sth

The main culprit in + V_ing/ of + N

Assist sb with sth/ in doing sth

Topic: Food (Household waste)
In many countries the amount of household waste like food packaging is increasing.
What are the causes of this problem? What measures could be taken to reduce it?

In the current era, many nations are witnessing the escalating level of domestic waste, such as food wrappers.
This essay will shed some light on the factors underlying this phenomenon before proposing some solutions that
governments should implement to alleviate the problem.
The increasing amount of household waste can stem from several reasons. Initially, modern society, with higher
disposable incomes and improved living standards, guarantees individuals access to a wide range of products
including clothing, food, and furniture. This surge in consumerism, along with the prevalence of e-commerce,
leads to a substantial rise in the amount of packaging required, thus accelerating waste accumulation in the
environment. Another rationale is that many residents are overwhelmed by hectic schedules and fast-paced
lifestyles, leaving them with insufficient time. Therefore, they tend to prioritize convenience and opt for
processed and packed food, which is typically nestled in plastic containers or metal cans.
Despite the aforementioned factors, government intervention with laws and regulations can help mitigate this
issue. Primarily, authorities should raise public awareness by carrying out environmental campaigns. When
residents are conscious of the dire consequences of their excessive disposal on the ecosystem, they will alter
their behaviors and minimize the generation of domestic waste. Moreover, the government should promulgate
stricter regulations on the production and usage of non-biodegradable packaging. By doing so, consumers
will be encouraged to resort to environmentally friendly and recycled packages as substitutes, ultimately
fostering sustainable consumption habits and reducing the volume of waste.

In brief, the surging level of household waste can derive from the hectic lifestyle and increased income.
Consequently, governments should promote some feasible solutions to resolve this problem.

(Marked: 7.0-7.5) WRITING EVALUATION\No1.docx

Government = authorities
Promulgate/ Implement + Rules/ laws/ regulations
Mitigate/ Minimize/ Alleviate // Address/ Counter/ Tackle/ Resolve

Topic: Food
The increase in food production owes much to fertilizers and better machinery. Some
people think that it has a negative impact on human health and community.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In the current era, the boost in food production can be attributed to the use of fertilizers and enhanced machinery.
While this development is predominantly advantageous on some grounds, I reckon that it can pose a threat to
human overall well-being and to society.

One valid reason for my agreement is that mass production of food based on chemical stimulation and
fertilizers may overshadow traditional agriculture and subsistence farming, triggering a surging decline in
small-scale farms. This shift may deprive millions of farmers of their jobs, adversely impacting the rural
economy.

Adding further credence to my belief is that the overuse of synthetic fertilizers results in soil degradation, loss
of biodiversity, and water contamination due to the toxic components absorbed into the environment.
Moreover, the excessive consumption of processed food that accumulates chemicals on a long-term basis has
been the main culprit of diseases such as hormone disruption, neurological disorders, and other serious
health issues. Therefore, human overall well-being can be adversely deteriorated, leading to an increased
susceptibility to infections and pandemics.

However, I concede that the rise in food production is indispensable for addressing global famine. With the
rapidly growing population in today's world, the utilization of pesticides and fertilizers can provide soil with
essential nutrients for cultivation, fostering higher-yield crops. This, coupled with modernized production,
can alleviate time, effort, and resources needed to produce a plethora of food, making them universally attainable
to residents.

In brief, notwithstanding that intensive agriculture practices can do wonders for resolving the scarcity of food, I
believe that this can be detrimental to human health and to communities.

(Marked: 7.0) Không sai ngữ pháp

Topic: Food
Nowadays, the traditions and customs relating to the food we eat and the way we eat are
changing.
Why is this happening? Do you think this kind of change is positive or negative?
In the current era, there emerges alterations in the food choices and the way individuals consume food. This
essay will shed some light on the factors underlying this phenomenon before assessing its adverse implications.

To commence with, the shifts in traditions associated with food preferences and eating methods often stem from
several reasons. In the past, when the world still revolved around agricultural practices, subsistence farming was
most prevalent among households, guaranteeing them access to a wide range of fresh foods, organic vegetables,
and free-range meat from livestock. However, with industrialization and urbanization, industrial-scale food
production has made processed foods readily available and affordable, determining individuals' shifts toward
packaged and often less nutritious options. Another reason is that many residents are overwhelmed with hectic
schedules and fast-paced lifestyles, leaving them with insufficient time for home-cooked meals. Therefore, they
tend to prioritize convenience and opt for fast food and eat together less often.

Despite the aforementioned reasons, I am of the opinion that this tendency can trigger dire consequences.
Initially, as processed foods are designed for long shelf lives and are high in sugar and unhealthy fats, excessive
consumption of this kind of food on a long-term basis can be the main culprit of obesity, diabetes, cancers, and
cardiovascular issues. This can potentially deteriorate individuals' overall well-being, leading to increased
susceptibility to diseases and a decline in life expectancy. Moreover, as traditional food preparation and
consumption have been replaced by fast food culture, there may be a loss of connection with cultural and family
food traditions. This can result in a diminished appreciation for locally sourced ingredients, culinary diversity,
and food heritage.

In brief, the changes in food choices may derive from increased industrialization and hectic lifestyles. From my
perspective, this alteration is detrimental to human health as well as traditional values.

______________________________________________________________________________
Topic: Population
Some people believe that the rapid increase in population these days is unsustainable and
will eventually lead to a global crisis. Others believe that the world population increase is
necessary and beneficial as it creates the growth of the world's economy and society.
 Discuss both these views and give your opinion

In the current era, many individuals are of the opinion that the escalating population will bring about adverse
implications on a global scale while others reckon that this can do wonders for the world’s community and
economic growth. This essay will shed some light on both aspects before proposing my perspective based on
some grounds.

On the one hand, the proponents of the idea that rapid population growth may trigger dire consequences often
state several reasons. Initially, higher demands for food, shelter, and energy may impose a huge strain on Earth’s
resources, thereby leading to tremendous exploitation of minerals, coal, and wood. This results in environmental
degradation, deforestation, and destruction of ecosystems due to humans’ activities. For instance, the excessive
consumption of fuel for transportation has emitted a great amount of carbon dioxide, which contributes
significantly to the depletion of the ozone layer. Moreover, overpopulation can overburden urban infrastructure
including inadequate accommodation, traffic congestion, and strained healthcare systems. Therefore, the living
standards can be deteriorated, posing challenges to the overall well-being of residents.

On the other hand, others, including myself, believe that the rise in population is predominantly advantageous.
One valid reason is that a youthful population can give rise to abundant human resources and workforces,
ensuring productivity in industrial and agricultural progress. Thus, global economic growth can be accelerated,
fostering the long-term prosperity and development of nations. Another point to make is that fast-increasing
populations from diverse backgrounds are capable of bringing a mix of innovative ideas, cultural values, and
effective solutions to urgent issues. For example, metropolises with high population density have become hubs
of creativity and cultural exchange, paving the way for advancements in art, science, and technology.

In brief, notwithstanding that the surging population may pose a threat to the environment, I lean towards the
view that it is indispensable for economic growth and society.

(Marked: 7.5-8.5) WRITING EVALUATION\No5.docx

Topic: Population
Due to the increase in population in big cities, more and more people are living in small
houses with very little or no outdoor space.
What are the problems? What can be done to solve these problems?

In the current era, overpopulation in metropolises has left many individuals living in housing estates with limited
outdoor space. This essay will shed some light on the implications of this phenomenon before proposing some
solutions to mitigate the issue.

On the one hand, living in cramped spaces can bring about some dire consequences. Initially, these residential
blocks often provide inadequate ventilation and sunlight, making residents vulnerable to infections and
respiratory diseases. This, coupled with limited opportunities for physical activities, likely results in a sedentary
lifestyle that is the culprit of obesity, diabetes, or cardiovascular problems, deteriorating individuals’ overall
well-being. Moreover, limited leisure space may discourage citizens from socializing and interacting with others,
leading to feelings of claustrophobia and isolation. This can trigger mental trauma and depression when dwellers
face four walls daily, adversely impacting their quality of life.

Despite the aforementioned drawbacks, there are some effective ways that governments and residents can
implement to alleviate the problem. The most viable measure is to carry out public campaigns that raise
consciousness of residents. By doing this, citizens may be willing to engage in physical activities and socialize
more frequently, thus instilling a sense of community. Another solution is to make massive investments in urban
planning strategies that comprise expanding public parks, green spaces, recreational areas, and incorporating
vertical gardens on rooftops. These universally attainable facilities offer additional outdoor space for residents,
not only enhancing the livability of high-density housing areas but also improving the air quality.

In brief, the trend of living in residential blocks with insufficient outdoor space may pose a threat to citizens’
health both physically and mentally. Consequently, government intervention with strategies and financial
allocation can help resolve the problem.

(Marked: 7.5-8.0) WRITING EVALUATION\No3.docx

Leave someone doing something

Inadequate/ Insufficient/ A lack of

A plethora of/ a wealth of/ a wide range of

Feelings of/ A sense of

Implications/ consequences/ drawbacks

Small-sized residence/ cramped spaces/ housing estates/ residential blocks

Be vulnerable to/ susceptible to 🡪 susceptibility to (n)

Coupled with = combined with

Topic: Population
Some people think it is better for children to grow up in the city, while others think that
life in the countryside for children is more suitable for them.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of both places for children to grow up?

Many individuals are of the opinion that living in urban areas is an optimal way for children to grow up, whereas
others believe that life in the countryside better suits them. This essay will shed some light on both merits and
implications of these areas for children’s development.
To commence with, city life can be predominantly advantageous for children on some grounds. That is, urban
areas guarantee children access to superior education, transportation, accommodation, medical care, and
extracurricular activities, enriching both mental and physical lives. Therefore, children can fully develop their
potential and devote themselves to passions and personal commitments, ensuring their well-rounded maturity.
For instance, to nurture a child’s innate musical talents, urban parents can send them to specialized schools,
whereas this opportunity is hardly attainable in the countryside. However, city life can have some adverse
implications for children. To be more specific, many children are overwhelmed by hectic schedules and fast-
paced lifestyles in metropolises, leaving them with insufficient time to engage in leisure activities. This, coupled
with their adherence to smartphones and computers, may discourage them from doing physical activities, posing
a threat to their overall well-being.

On the one hand, the countryside allows children to be in touch with nature, take care of animals, and help with
gardening. This can instill in them a sense of responsibility for preserving the environment and problem-solving
skills based on real-life experiences. Moreover, children can have the opportunity to immerse themselves in the
fresh air and play outside their houses without any security worries. On the other hand, as educational
institutions in rural areas may have impoverished quality, students can struggle to get exposure to a wide range
of learning materials and methods. This can impede the progress of their competency and the ability to stay adept
with the knowledge required to apply for a job in the future.

In brief, life in the city and the countryside may be both advantageous and disadvantageous for children’s
development.

(Marked: 7.0) WRITING EVALUATION\No6.docx

Be overwhelmed by

Leave someone with sth/ leave someone doing sth

Be of the opinion that

Responsible for

City life: Air pollution, high level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 🡪 respiratory problems 🡪 increased
susceptibility to diseases.

Topic: Leisure activities

Many young people do not spend their holidays and weekends doing outdoor activities
like hiking and climbing in natural environments.
Why? How can they be encouraged to go out?
In the current era, there emerges a trend that engaging in extracurricular activities such as hiking and climbing in
natural settings is not preferred by young individuals on their holidays. This essay will shed some light on the
factors underlying this tendency before proposing some solutions to motivate young people to go out more
frequently.
To commence with, the decline in young people’s interest in outdoor activities can stem from several reasons.
Initially, in this modern society, many youths are overwhelmed by hectic schedules and fast-paced lifestyle,
leaving them with insufficient time for leisure activities. That is, many students tend to concentrate on intensive
study to acquire knowledge for prospects while graduates assume massive workloads to climb career ladder and
accumulate wealth. Therefore, being snowed under a plethora of work may discourage young individuals from
devoting themselves to personal commitments such as leisure activities. Moreover, with the prevalence of
technological devices, many young people may stick to their smartphones or laptops as a form of entertainment.
As online games and social media are perceived as being more interactive and attractive, teenagers may opt for
them rather than leisure activities which are physically demanding and exhausting.

Despite the aforementioned factors, there are some measurements that authorities and individuals can implement
to…. One valid solution is by carrying out public campaigns that raise young individuals’ consciousness of
health merits of outdoor activities with the capability of fostering a sense of satisfaction as well as minimizing
the risks of mental trauma and depression. This can make them become more proactive and immerse themselves
in these activities to refresh their minds, thereby ensuring their overall well-being.

In brief, the phenomenon that young individuals… may derive from excessive workloads and the popularity of
technology. Thereby, the youths should…

Topic: International aid

 Some people think the government should not spend on international aid because there
are disadvantaged people in their countries, such as the unemployed and homeless.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In the current era, many individuals are of the opinion that the government should not prioritize global assistance
as they have their own underprivileged residents, such as the jobless and homeless. My perspective presents a
partial alignment with this view on some grounds.

One valid reason for my agreement is that investing in international aid can be regarded as a moral activity that
strengthens diplomatic relations. By supporting other countries in need, a nation can demonstrate its commitment
to global well-being, thereby fostering trust and cooperation among partners. This can pave the way for greater
opportunities for trade and investment and cultural exchange, which accelerates economic growth and enhances
the influence of the country.

Adding further credence to my belief is that global issues such as climate change, environmental degradation,
natural disasters, and pandemics require systematic cooperation and support between nations to resolve them
effectively. With money contributed to international aid, nations can help mitigate these problems, which have
ripple effects around the world, ensuring global stability and sustainability.

However, I concede that neglecting impoverished residents in the country is not advisable. That is, a high
unemployment rate and surging homelessness can lead to social unrest, economic decline, and the deterioration
of the quality of life for all citizens. Therefore, allocating financial budgets to welfare programs and constructing
new residential areas can guarantee individuals better access to accommodation, education, and healthcare
systems. This can ultimately solve the problems, setting a foundation for the long-term prosperity of a nation.

In brief, I largely agree that placing an emphasis on international aid is indispensable for meeting humanitarian
obligations and promoting the global image of a nation. Nonetheless, I admit that sustaining a certain amount of
domestic assistance can address social instability and improve residents' lives.

(Marked: 6.5) WRITING EVALUATION\No8.docx

Setting a foundation for

(Câu 1 – Vấn đề 🡪 Câu 2 Giải pháp (By…, As…, When…) + Hệ quả (Thus…, Therefore….,) 🡪 Câu 3 VD)

Topic: Society
Some people believe that the best way to produce a happier society is to ensure that there
are only small differences between the richest and the poorest members.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In the current era, many individuals are of the opinion that narrowing wealth disparities can contribute to
residents' happiness and societal well-being. My perspective presents a partial alignment with this school of
thought due to some reasons that are elucidated in this essay.

One valid reason for my agreement is that by imposing higher taxation on the affluent while offering financial
assistance to underprivileged citizens, the government can guarantee impoverished residents access to
healthcare, education, accommodation, and other necessities. This can enhance their quality of life and
overall well-being, which not only mitigates famine, poverty, and homelessness but also addresses social
insecurity such as high crime rates, terrorism, and vandalism.

Adding further credence to my belief is that mitigating income inequality can make residents perceive that
there is no discrimination in the economic system, and that wealth is distributed equally. This can foster social
cohesion and strengthen a sense of belonging where all citizens feel supported and valued. Thus, they are
likely to devote themselves to developing the country, ensuring the long-term prosperity and sustainability of
a nation.

However, I concede that reducing the wealth gap can pose a threat to economic growth. That is, if everybody
shares a similar income, there might be less motivation for individuals to innovate, start businesses, take risks,
or accumulate wealth. For instance, innovators like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos took significant personal risks
in founding companies like Tesla and Amazon, driven by the capitalist system for immense financial rewards.
Their success has not only brought them huge wealth but also paved the way for technological
advancements, job creation, and economic growth on a global scale.
In brief, notwithstanding that reducing income differences may facilitate a more equal society and enhanced
living standards for all citizens, I believe that this impedes economic development.

(Marked: 7.0 – Time: 40min – 299 words) WRITING EVALUATION\No7.docx

Minimizing income inequality

Narrowing the wealth gap

Topic: Technology

Mobile phones and the internet could have many benefits for older adults. However, this
age group uses technology the least.

What are the benefits for older adults of using mobile phones and the internet? How can we
encourage them to use this new technology?
In today's world, digital devices and internet access hold remarkable potential for enhancing the lives of elderly
individuals, yet this age group remains the least engaged with modern technology. This essay will shed some
light on the merits of seniors utilizing smartphones before proposing some suggestions to motivate them to use
them more.

To commence with, electronic devices bring about numerous benefits for elderly individuals. Initially, mobile
phones facilitate easy communication and interaction regardless of geographic location, enabling seniors to
stay in touch with their descendants. This can mitigate a feeling of isolation and neglectneglect, especially
indispensable for those who live far from their family members. Furthermore, digital devices can serve as a
powerful tool helping seniors gain access to health-related resources and medical appointments, which not
only enables them to keep track of their overall well-being but also aids in the treatment of their diseases.
Features like emergency contacts and GPS contribute to a sense of safety and peace of mind, avoiding
unexpected situations.

With the aforementioned advantages, there are some effective methods to encourage older residents to adopt
technological gadgets. One viable way is to organize hands-on workshops and training sessions tailored to
older individuals. Consequently, they can become accustomed to its functionality in daily aspects, determining
their shifts and interests toward the devices. Another point is that tech enterprises should design their products
with user-friendly interfaces, accessibility features, larger text options, and simplified settings. For instance,
Apple has been a pioneer in innovating features that assist seniors in the latest operating system of iPhones.
In brief, embracing technology may significantly enhance the quality of life for the elderly by fostering
connections and supporting health management. By carrying out targeted training and developing senior-
friendly devices, we can empower older generations to engage with digital tools more.

(Marked: 6.5 – Time: 43min – 298 words) WRITING EVALUATION\No9.docx

Seniors/ older individuals/ elderly citizens

A feeling of
Get used to = Become accustomed to

serve as (v)

use/ utilise/ adopt/ engage with/ harness/ embrace technological devices/ gadgets/ smartphones

Assist/ Aid in

Organize/ Carry out/ Conduct + Campaigns/ Workshop/ Training sessions

Topic: Environment + Cities

 Some people believe that the biggest problem facing cities is the increasing number of
cars. Others say there are more serious problems.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

In the current era, some individuals are of the opinion that the escalating level of cars is the major problem in
urban areas while others reckon that there are more urgent issues that are worth prioritizing. This essay will
elucidate the rationale behind these schools of thought before proposing my perspective based on some grounds.
On the one hand, proponents of the view that high car volumes should be emphasized as the biggest problem in
cities often state several reasons. Initially, surging car volumes in metropolises can put a strain on
transportation infrastructure, creating severe traffic congestions and bottlenecks, especially during peak
hours. This can reduce the efficiency of traveling network, leading to longer commuting times and increased
frustration for drivers. Furthermore, the rising number of vehicles may release harmful emissions into the
atmosphere including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, contributing to a high level of air pollution as well as
exacerbating environmental challenges such as climate change, global warming, and ozone depletion. Thus,
city dwellers are likely to be vulnerable to respiratory diseases and infections, deteriorating their overall well-
being.

On the other hand, others, including myself, believe that there are more pressing matters that cities must tackle.
One issue that cities face is a crisis in housing affordability. That is, with the fast-paced development of cities,
the price of housing estates and apartments are rising substantially, making them hardly accessible to
underprivileged residents. Therefore, more residents may have to suffer from homelessness, and impoverished
living conditions, potentially triggering social unrest. Another problem is the overburdened urban
infrastructure such as outdated sewage system, strained healthcare systems, degrading roads, and
insufficient public facilities. These require immense government financial resources to maintain and recover.

In brief, notwithstanding that there are mixed opinions on determining whether a surge in level of cars is the
most critical concern in cities, I believe that other urgent matters, such as housing affordability and overloaded
infrastructure, should take precedence.
(Marked: 7.5 – Time: 45min – 319 words)

take precedence = be prioritised

Overburden/ Put a strain on

Rising/ escalating/ surging/ A surge in + Level of cars/ traffic volumes/ number of cars

Cars = vehicles = transportation

Biggest problem = urgent issue = major problem = pressing matter = critical concern = high-priority issue

Exacerbate

A crisis in (n): Cuộc khủng hoảng trong

 Topic: Technology

Some people think the increasing use of technology in the workplace is good for young
people's prospects of gaining a job and harder for old people.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In the current era, many individuals are of the opinion that the integration of technology into enterprises
facilitates young people in obtaining employment while this can bring about obstacles for older peopleseniors.
My personal opinion expresses a partial alignment with this suggestion, based on some reasons that are
elucidated in this essay.

On the one hand, the prevalence of technology can enhance job opportunities for younger generations. That is,
as young individuals are born in the digital era, they get exposure to technological devices on a daily basis.
This, coupled with their innate curiosity and innovation, can foster their adaptation and capability of
applying technology to solving problems in different aspects. Thus, higher digital literacy can enable young
people to handle company tasks, including marketing, accounting, designing efficiently while seniors may
struggle to acquire the knowledge and essential skills as their mental and physical capacities are subpar.
Therefore, it is justifiable to assert that the increasing use of technology gives young individuals a huge
advantage as job applicants in many firms.
On the other hand, I believe that technology is not a big challenge for older peopleseniors. Initially, apart from
technically demanding fields like computer science, most occupations require only basic digital skills, such as
documenting, emailing, and using statistics, which seniorsseniors can learn easily with provided lessons and
guidance. Moreover, older individuals are perceived as gaining more loyality, experience, wisdom, leadership,
and problem-solving skills, which can not be easily superseded by technology. These characteristics are
highly valued by employers for fostering teamwork, mentoring younger employees, and maintaining
stability within a company. Thus, possessing digital competency is not the only criterion for being accepted by
companies and thriving in today's workplace, and if one can demonstrate their abilities, they can undoubtedly be
qualified for the position regardless of their age.

In brief, notwithstanding that digital literacy can do wonders for the job acquisition of young people in today's
technology-driven world, I believe that this does not pose a significant barrier to the older generation.

(Marked: 7.0 – 1h20min - 333 words)

 Topic: Work

When asked to choose between a life without work and working most of the time, people
would always choose not to work.

Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

When facing the choice between a life with or without working, being free from the work would be the most
prevalent option for many individuals. My perspective presents a partial alignment with this statement due to
some reasons that are elucidated in this essay.

One valid reason for my opposition is that engaging in the workforce can foster financial security. That is,
having a stable income from work can guarantee people access to food, accommodation, healthcare services, and
other necessities, which are an indispensable part of their life. Therefore, an inadequate source of income may
place them under huge financial pressure, leading to stress and deteriorating their overall well-being. Even
though a work-free life seems appealing, many individuals are not willing to accept it because of the lack of
money.

Adding further credence to my belief is the personal fulfillment gained from their careers. To be more specific,
working can instill in individuals a sense of achievement as they feel that their dedication, enthusiasm, and
positive contribution to society are valued. For instance, educators may experience an immense sense of reward
when their students succeed, and a doctor may gain satisfaction and joy from their ethical activities of saving
people’s lives. Thus, abandoning these occupations can make their life meaningless and purposeless.

However, I have to concede that many individuals nowadays are snowed under a high level of workloads with
deadlines and overwhelmed by fast-paced lifestyle. Being off duty from work can provide them with valuable
time, enabling them to devote themselves to personal commitments and unwind. For example, people can take
up new hobbies, engage in extracurricular activities, and community service, enriching their physical and mental
life.
In brief, notwithstanding that having a work-free life may allow people to escape from their hectic schedules and
dedicate time to personal pursuits, I largely believe that most individuals would not give up work as it offers
financial stability and a sense of meaning in life.

(Marked: 8.0 – 40min - 321 words) WRITING EVALUATION\No10.docx

Topic: Food + Health

Scientists agree that many people eat too much junk food, and it is damaging their
health. Some people think that this problem can be solved by educating people, while
others believe that education will not work.
 Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

In the current era, many scientists believe that consuming an excessive amount of fast food can deteriorate
individuals’ well-being. Some people are of the opinion that educating people can address this issue whereas
others reckon that this method may not be effective. This essay will elucidate both these schools of thought
before proposing my perspective based on some grounds.

On the one hand, proponents of the idea that educating people can mitigate this problem often state several
reasons. Initially, consuming too much junk food on a long-term basis is the main culprit of diseases such as
obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular problems, due to the high level of fat and toxic components contained in it.
Therefore, when individuals are knowledgeable about the dire consequences of eating fast food, they will
mitigate their consumption and opt for healthier meals. Furthermore, individuals can gain deeper insights into a
balanced and nutritious diet with adequate vitamins, vegetables, meat, and fruit, shaping their eating habits and
preferences.
On the other hand, others, including myself, believe that this approach may not alter individuals’ choices due to
the convenience and affordability of junk food. That is, many individuals nowadays are overwhelmed by hectic
schedules and fast-paced lifestyles, leaving them with insufficient time to prepare meals. Moreover, many people
with limited financial budgets are striving to cover numerous living costs, including accommodation, water,
electricity, and healthcare. Thus, despite understanding the adverse impacts of junk food on their health, most
individuals may have no choice but to eat it daily. Therefore, the authorities should impose heavier taxes on fast
food while lowering the prices of vegetables and organic food. This can motivate people to adopt healthier eating
habits when fresh foods are universally attainable.

In brief, notwithstanding that there are mixed opinions determining whether educating individuals about the
harmful effects of eating fast food can resolve the issue, I believe that charging people more for fast food may be
more effective.

(Marked: 8.0 – 40min - 322 words) WRITING EVALUATION\No11.docx

As, Because (Ko có phẩy) – Since (Có phẩy)