CHƯƠNG 1: CÁCH DIỄN ĐẠT THEO TÌNH

HUỐNG
I. ĐỒNG TÌNH & PHẢN ĐỔI
1. It is true that
2. It is a common belief that
3. There is a more persuasive argument that: có một quan điểm thuyết phục hơn
rằng…
4. It is evident that
5. I firmly believe that
6. I support the idea that
7. I am of the opinion that
8. Some people think that
9. I agree that
10. My view on this issue is that: quan điểm của tôi về vấn đề này là
11. I object to/ I object that: tôi phản đối
12. I am against
13. It seems clear that … for several reasons
 It seems clear that a sense of discipline is useful for several reasons
14. ~ is crucial in V-ing: … là vô cùng quan trongh
Quick decisions are crucial in treating people during a medical crisis (cấp cứu)

II. ƯU NHƯỢC ĐIỂM

1. ~ has its (own) advantages and disadvantages
2. It seems advantageous that
3. The main advantages/disadvantage is that
III. SO SÁNH, ĐỐI CHIẾU
1. I prefer to ~ rather than ~
2. Similarly, clause
3. Compared to ~,
 Compared to nonfiction, fiction can be a welcome distraction (giải trí, tiêu
khiển) from real life
4. A is similar to B
5. It is preferable for ~ to ~ : ai đó thích làm gì hơn làm gì
 It is preferable for young people to chóoe a different type of job than their
parents have
6. ~ is more imperative than ever before
 Taking time for family is more imperative than ever before, especially in this
modern era where people can’t even find a bit of connection with their family due
to the hard working and studying.
7. On the one hand, ~
 On the one hand, h
8. While it is undeniable that + ~
 While it is undeniable that consumers want to enjoy items from abroad, it is
clear that buying domestic farm products should be our top priority.
9. In contrast, ~ : ngược lại
10. On the contrary, ~ : mặt khác
11. However, unlike ~, ~ : tuy nhiên, khác với ~
 However, unlike leture-style classes, discussion group give students a chance to
share their opinions.

IV. NGUYÊN NHÂN & KẾT QUẢ

1. For these reasons, ~
2. The main cause/ issue of ~ is that: nguyên nhân/ vấn đề chính của ~ là ~
 The main cause of damage to famous location is that people tend to get overly
excited when traveling, so they are likely to forget the historical significance of
these places.
3. The issue can be resolved by/with
 The issue can be resolved by teaching students the correct way to utilize the
internet
4. As a result, ~ : kết quả là
5. Consequently/As a consequence, ~
 Consequently, watching TV with their children can be a bonding experience.
6. Due to, ~
 Due to his constantly ringing cell phone, it is difficult for him to have peaceful
weekends.

V. VÍ DỤ MINH HỌA
1. For instance
2. Take the example of ~, ~
 Take the example of Bill Gates, eventhough he gave up on his university, he
still became successful because of his flexible mind.
3. In another case, ~ : trong một ví dụ khác
4. ~, as can be seen in : như chúng ta có thể thấy qua việc ~
 People are overly concerned about appearence, as can be seen in the increased
amount of money they spend on their cosmetics.
 People are gradually concerned about environment, as can be seen in the
increased amount of money they spend on environmental reconstruction.
5. Studies have shown that + ~
6. It has been proven that + ~
7. Statistics have shown that + ~
VI. TRÍCH DẪN, CHÚ THÍCH
1. To begin with, ~
 To begin with, face-to-face communication allows people to convey
information through body language
2. On top of that, ~ : Trên hết
 On top of that, some people get stressed out easily and need time to relax
3. We can see that + ~
4. One of the ways to ~ is ~
 One of the ways to keep children with working parents happy and safe is to
expand daycare facilities.
Daycare facilities: cơ sở chăm sóc ban ngày
5. This give rise to ~ : Điều này gây nên ~
 This give rise to concerns about overused resources and excessive pollution
6. That is why ~
7. As this case reveals, ~
 As this case reveals, the news media ofgen magnifies stories
Magnifiy: phóng đại
8. This demonstrates that + ~ : Điều này chứng tỏ
 This demonstrates that there are good alternatives to libraries when people want
to obtain some reading materials
9. To be specific, ~ : Cụ thể
 To be specific, corner rooms are the best because they usually have more than
one window.
10. Not only that, but + ~
 Not only that, but a child’s ability to learn languages also starts to diminish
around that time.
Diminish: giảm đi, yếu đi
11. In other words, ~
 In other words, traveling alone can be a lesson in how to overcome hardship
12. Moreover/In addition, ~
 Moreover, families tend to be more spreaad out because the car has made long-
distance travel easier
13. In this way, ~ : Bằng cách này
 In this way, teachers have greater motivation to help their students learn more
effectively
14. As we have seen
15. To some extent, ~ : Ở một mức độ nào đó
 To some extent, all colleges try to ensure that students receive proper attention
from the teaching staff.
16. On the whole, ~ : Nhìn chung
 On the whole, TV, video games, and the Internet have had a negative effect on
society

VII. ĐIỀU KIỆN, GIẢ ĐỊNH

1. Regardless of ~, ~ : Dù cho
 Regardless of the amount of natural talent one has, if that person does not word
hard, he or she will never find success
2. Without ~, S + will + V: Nếu không có ~ sẽ ~
 Without grades, students would not be able to determine how well they are
doing in their subjects
3. Once ~, ~ : Một khi
4. Given ~, ~ : Căn cứ vào ~
 Given the extremely high rate of unemployment, something must be done to
create more jobs.
5. When it comes to ~, ~ : Khi nói đến việc, ~
6. It is doubtful whether + ~ : Không dám chắc rằng + ~
 It is doubtful whether lie detector tests are a reliable way to determine if a
person is telling the truth or not
7. It seems as if ~
8. S + would + V + provided that + ~ : Sẽ … miễn là …
 I would consider taking a job with less salary provided that it is in a field that I
am passionate about
OR: I would consider taking a job with less salary as long as it is a field that I am
passionate about
9. S + is likely to ~ unless
VIII. NHƯỢNG BỘ
IX. TÓM TẮT
 DẠNG AGREE/DISAGREE
1. Đề mẫu
Many things can influence the academic achievement and emotional growth of a
student. In this regard, peers have more of an impact than teachers do.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion
2. Cấu tạo cơ bản của bài luận
Mở bài: Dẫn nhập + ý kiến cá nhân (đồng tình/phản đối)
Thân bài 1: Luận điểm 1 + dẫn chứng cụ thể
Thân bài 2: Luận điểm 2 + dẫn chứng cụ thể
Kết luận: Tóm tắt + lời kết
3. Chiến lược làm bài
Bước 1: Viết dàn bài
- Xác định chủ đề được đưa ra và ghi lại ý kiến đồng tình hoặc phản đối của mình
- Đưa ra 2 luận điểm hỗ trợ cho ý kiến của mình, đồng thời giải thích và lấy một ví
dụ cụ thể cho mỗi luận điểm
Dàn bài:
Ý kiến cá nhân: Agree
Idea 1: Academic success: motivated by competing with classmates
+ Explain: have a desire to outperform peers
+ Example: some survey, especially in Asia
Idea 2: Emotional development: grow through relationships
+ Explain: classmate provide new ideas, belief, experience
+ Example: adolescents control their mood through sharing and cooperating
with their friends

Bước 2: Viết bài luận hoàn chỉnh dựa trên dàn bài
1. Viết mở bài
Có thể sử dụng phần dẫn nhập để đưa ra ý kiến trái ngược lại với ý kiến của mình,
sau đó nêu ý kiến để làm rõ lập trường  Nhấn mạnh ý kiến và có thêm các cấu
trúc câu hay hơn
Dẫn nhập: It is common belief that + quan điểm trái ngược
Ý kiến: How ever, I firmly believe that + quan điểm của bản thân + lý do 1, 2
2. Viết thân bài
Thân bài 1
- Luận điểm 1 To begin with, luận điểm 1
- Giải thích
- Ví dụ: According to a recent survey, For instance + ví dụ
Thân bài 2
- Luận điểm 2 On top of that + luận điểm 2
- Giải thích
- Ví dụ: For example/ From my experience + ví dụ
3. Viết kết luận
Tóm tắt: To sum up, In conclusion, In summary + luận điểm 1, 2
Lời kết: For these reason, + ý kiến cá nhân

Many things can influence the academic achievement and emotional growth of
a student. In this regard, peers have more of an impact than teachers do.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion

Opinion: agree
Idea 1: academic achievement: motivated by competing with peers -> Pressure
come from peers can urge students to force themself into studying and researching.
It’s a common phenomenon of every person who want to outperform their
classmate. Especially, in Asia, some surveys have collected information from
many students and they concluded that adolescents want to be come a best student
in class or school due to the enormous expectation of their family.
Idea 2: emotional growth: youngster just want to learn new thing about emotion
through their friend -> For highschool students, they are sensitive to older people
who always give them a feeling of matureness therefore students will only share
their emotion with peers to find the sympathy. For instance, based on many
interview of highschool students, people at that age are changing a lot in
physiology and psylochology which make them feel so much chaos come to their
body and they only share it with friends.
It is a common belief that the biggest factor that can affect students at school is
teacher. However, I firmly believe that

ANOTHER EXAMPLE
1. The government should sometimes infringe on people’s freedom for the security
of society
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
2. Some people claim that the media has a negative influence on contemporary
(đương đại) society. They think that there is very little tolerance (sự chấp nhận) for
new ideas because of its impact.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
3. The government should impose (áp đặt) a fee on drivers who use their vehicles
during rush hour to help cut down on air pollution from exhaust fumes (khí thải).
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
4. It is important to be concerned about international events, even if those events
have no direct impact on our lives.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
5. Art and music classes should not be mandatory (bắt buộc) at school.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
6. People should only concentrate on a single skill for life beause it is the best way
to succeed.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
 DẠNG BOTH VIEWS
1. Đề mẫu
Both views là dạng câu hỏi yêu cầu thí sinh bàn luận và đưa ra ý kiến của mình về
2 quan điểm trái chiều xoay quanh một chủ đề
Some people believe that parents should devote (dành ra/ cống hiến) more time to
helping their children with schoowork. Others think that they should allocate (phân
bổ) more time to playing sports with their kids.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
2. Chiến lược làm bài
Viết dàn bài
Idea 1: Devoting more ti