ÔN TẬP BÀI CŨ

Viết mở bài cho các đề bài sau

The subjects that children are taught in schools are decided by central
authorities. Some people say that teachers, not politicians, should be
responsible for this task. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
opinion?

In recent years, subjects at school have become a broad issue to the

general public. Some people think that teachers should be responsible for
this task deciding subjects but not politicians. In my opinion, I absolutely
agree with this point of view because of the following reasons.

It is believed that/ people believe that/ pp hold the view that

educators / teachers should be responsible for deciding/
designing curriculum programs for students/ in school, not
politicians as usual (như bình thường).

It is a fact that subjects at school are decided by central

authorities. However, many pp believe that this task should be for
teachers/ assigned for teachers/ educators. I totally agree…..

In many parts of the world, some famous people are considered ‘role
models’, and they are having an increasing influence on the young. Is this a
positive or negative development? Give reasons for your answer and
include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
In recent years, Some people subscribe to the view that some
famous people are considered role models and they have an influence
on the young. In the following essay, both the pros and cons of
influence of famous people will be analyzed in more detail.

In this era, many people/ a host of people believe in some celebrities'

role of being ideal models, which pose an increasing/ a high / a great
influence/ impact on youngsters. This essay will shed light on the pros
and cons of this issue as well as express my opinion towards this
problem.

Thực hành bài nói sau

Part 1:
Topic 1: Personality

1. What’s your personality?

=> I am shy/ confident/ outgoing / easy going
I have to say that
I would say that I am quite easy going. Being easy going/ It helps me to
get on good terms with pp around me/ pp in the circle of my influence.

2. What characteristics are you and your friend similar?

=>My friend and I have many traits in common. For example, we are both
easy going and tolerant (bao dung, không để bụng). This helps us keep
and strengthen our friendship.

3. Can you compare characteristics? I am talkative while my friend is quiet

As I said before
You know
Having said that = however
be quite of an introvert : hướng nội
be quite of an extrovert : hướng ngoại
social butterfly : người thích giao du, người hướng ngoại, người quen biết
rộng
socialize : giao du, kết bạn ngoài xã hội, xã giao
antisocial : chống đối xã hội => like antisocial
“It may be too serious to say but I am like an antisocial…”
Topic 2: Your favorite color

1. What’s your favourite color?

red (d)
- I am interested in red. You know, it is the symbol of luck and I
strongly
- I go for red
- lucky => lucks / fortunes
- whenever I need some clothes to wear in special events, red items
are always my go-to/ choices
2. What is its meaning?
- represent : đại diện cho
- it is the symbol of : nó là biểu tượng của
- enthusiasm : sự nhiệt huyết
- power:
- inspire me to V : truyền cảm hứng cho tôi để làm gì => inspire me to
stay brave/ strong overcoming the hardships/ difficulties/ troubles/
problems

3. Why do people like different colors?

- it is because their hobbies
- it reflect (phản ánh, phản chiếu) / represent their personalities : phản
ánh tính cách

Part 2: Ngày phụ nữ, chọn 3 sự kiện tổ chức: a picnic; Miss Contest (Cuộc
thi Người đẹp); a party at karaoke bar
for women day
experience - too expensive to hold/ organize
ours => for them
other
karaoke

Part 3: Chủ đề cycling

There are some benefits of cycling

- Relax
- Keep fit
- Protect environment
- Your own ideas

comfortable
deny
doesn’t release toxic emissions to the environment, thereby reducing the
air pollution

move to further discussion

Follow up questions:
1. Do you think cycling is good for your health?
2. Who do you want to cycle with?
3. What are the cons of cycling?
People may get injured; fall off the bikes; broken arm/leg

may get injured due to falling off the bikes

when we cycle = when cycling
like, well, say, yeah

NHẬN BIẾT CÁC LỖI TRONG LẬP

LUẬN
Có 4 lỗi thường gặp trong lập luận mà người viết rất hay gặp phải
 ● Lỗi ngụy biện người rơm
- Lỗi ngụy biện người rơm được hiểu là khi người viết đang cố chứng
minh cho vấn đề A nhưng lại cho rằng vấn đề A giống với vấn đề B
(điều không chắc là đúng hay không)
- Cứ tưởng tượng là chúng ta cần đánh kẻ địch nhưng lại đánh vào
con người rơm có hình dáng của kẻ địch vậy
- Ví dụ: giáo viên nêu ví dụ và giải thích

● Lỗi lập luận dốc trượt

- Lỗi lập luận dốc trượt có xuất phát điểm cơ bản giống lỗi ngụy biện
người rơm, tuy nhiên ở đây không chỉ có 1 người rơm mà có thể
nhiều hơn 2. Đó là khi người viết cho rằng vấn đề A là vấn đề B, vấn
đề B là vấn đề C và cứ thế trượt dài vào những lập luận sai.

● Lỗi tuyệt đối hóa trong lập luận

- Lỗi phổ biến nhất và dễ nhận biết nhất, người viết cho rằng tất cả,
toàn bộ đều như thế nào đó (sử dụng các từ tuyệt đối hóa như all,
always,...)

● Lỗi lập luận lạc đề

- Lạc đề là khi người viết đưa ra 1 luận điểm nhưng lại đi giải quyết
cho 1 luận điểm khác.

Xác định lỗi sai trong đoạn sau (gọi tên nếu muốn)

1. Many people believe that eating ice cream in winter can cause colds.
This is evident because during the winter season, the number of cold
cases tends to increase. Therefore, it is clear that consuming ice
cream is directly responsible for the rise in colds during winter.

số ca cảm lạnh tăng lên => ăn kem là nguyên nhân

 2. Studies have shown that people who own more books are more
intelligent. This is because intelligent individuals tend to accumulate a
larger number of books in their homes. Therefore, the presence of a
vast book collection is a reliable indicator of a person's intelligence.
A => B

3. People should always strive to earn more money for a happier life.
This is absolutely true because money can buy many things, from
brand new cars to luxurious vacations. Therefore, one's level of
happiness can be measured by the amount of money they earn.

logic học đại cương

THỰC HÀNH DẠNG BÀI CAUSE -

EFFECT - SOLUTION
Template và giải thích template
Intro:

- câu 1: paraphrase

- câu 2:

● This essay will first outline the underlying causes of this

phenomenon/ development before showing its (negative/ positive)
effects on [ đối tượng]
● This essay will first outline the underlying causes of this
phenomenon/ development before suggesting several viable
measures to deal with problems.

Body 1: [ Reason ] and reason 2 are largely/ mainly a result of [ đề bài]

Ex:

- give rise to / beget/ lead to … => A gives rise to B

 - contribute to -> A contributes to B

- be attributed to / ascribed to / a result of => B is

attributed/ascribed to A

- what seems to be at the core of đề bài is…= the main cause is

- What seems to be the root cause of … is

Body 2.1: [ Vấn đề] could have several far-reaching repercussions.=

negative effects

positive negative

do sb a service do sb a disservice

have/exert beneficial impacts/ exert repercussions for

influence on
take a toll on : gây hại cho
benefit greatly from …

Body 2.2: To address/ tackle/ solve the aforementioned problems, the

following steps should be taken.

Chief amongst these is … . Expand

Another viable solution is … Expand

Conclusion:

In conclusion,
 - what seems to be at the core of [ vấn đề] is …..+ nguyên nhân
(danh từ hóa)

- This trend could take a toll on [ khía cạnh A] and [ khía cạnh B]
(danh từ hóa)

- For these reasons/ To mitigate these effects, the government/

organizations/ individuals should ….(V)

Thực hành viết 1 đoạn thân bài cho 1 trong các đề

sau
1. Causes: increasing international travel; giới trẻ thích chương trình
giải trí hơn chương trình giáo dục
2. Effects: effects of air pollution on human beings; plants and animals;
3. Solutions: stress; solutions to improve memory
4. Giải pháp bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học: Solutions to preserve
biodiversity

SHMEL

Safety
Health
Money
Environment
Lifestyle
- Keyword => dịch nghĩa đáp án
- xác định từ thay thế được và từ không thay thế được
- children learn a t school => children are taught at school
- Peter => peter
- cố gắng nghe liên từ : however, but, although …
- youtube => VSTEP listening test
- 3 part
- part 1