TEMPLATE VSTEP

WRITING
PART 1
1. Type 1: To provide information/ to making a request/ to offering help (cung cấp thông
tin/ đưa ra yêu cầu/ giúp đỡ)
A. INTRODUCTION
- Case 1: Formal (trang trọng) – công việc, sếp có chức vụ, khách hàng
Dear + Mr./ Ms./ Mrs./ Sir or Madam/ Manager,
My name is Lisa, a senior student at Hanoi University of Science and Technology
My name is Lisa, and I am currently working at the ABC company.
- Case 2: Informal (thân mật) – bạn bè/ người thân
Dear + tên người nhận,
I am sorry for not replying for such a long time. I have been busy with my studies lately.
How’s it going? Hope everything goes well with you.
B. BODY
- Reasons: ly do viet thu
Thank you for your email about…(chu de cua de bai). Therefore (vi vay), today I am
writing this letter/email to tell you about it.
- Details: chi tiet, tra loi yeu cau cua de bai
+ The first thing I want to tell you is that…..
+ The second thing I want to mention is that….
+ The final thing I want to talk about is that…
Đưa ra lời mời (Invite):
 I'd love to invite you to...
Miêu tả địa điểm / sự kiện:
 The city is known for its friendly people and great food.
Đề nghị giúp đỡ:
 Let me know if you need any help.
Cần giúp: I’m writing to ák for your help.
- Khuyen:
+ Let me give you a piece of advice. You should + V… (Hay de toi cho ban mot vai loi
khuyen nhe. Ban nen….)
+ If you need any advice, you can ask me. I will do my best to support you.

C. CONCLUSION
- Case 1: Formal (trang trong)
That is all the information that I can share with you now. I’m looking forward to
hearing from you soon. (Đó là tất cả thông tin mà tôi có thể chia sẻ với bạn bây giờ. Tôi rất
mong nhận được lời hồi đáp khi mà bạn thuận tiện nhất)
Best regards,
- Case 2: Information
That is all for now. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon
Best wishes,
2. Type 2: To Apologize: Thư xin lỗi
A. INTRODUCTION
- Case 1: Informal: Than mat
Dear + nguoi nhan,
I am sorry for not replying for such a long time. I have been busy with my studies lately.
How’s it going? Hope everything goes well with you.
- Case 2: Formal : Trang trong
Dear + Mr./Mrs…..
My name is Lisa, a senior student at Hanoi University of Science and Technology
My name is Lisa, and I am currently working at the ABC company.
B. BODY
- Reasons: I owe you a sincere apology for + ly do xin loi o de bai
- Details
+ Explain: giai thich ly do mac loi
The first thing I want to tell you is that I will explain what happened. Ke lai tinh huong
xin loi
The second thing I want to mention is that I will take full responsibility for this
problem. Neu lam hu do: Repair => pay/ cover the repair fee. K sua duoc: I will buy a new
onr for you. Muon quen tra: I will return it to you as soon as possible.
The final thing I want to talk about is to forgive me for my mistake. I promise it will
not happen again
+ Suggest solution
If you don’t mind, We could…..
C. CONCLUSION
Thank you for your sympathy. I am looking forward to hearing your reply at your
earliest convenience.
Best regards,
3. Type 3 : To complain: Thư phàn nàn

A. INTRODUCTION – FORMAL
Dear + Mr./Mrs/...
My name is Lisa, a senior student at Hanoi University of Science and Technology
My name is Lisa, and I am currently working at the ABC company.
B. BODY
- Reasons
I am writing to complain about some things which made me (unpleasanr/
unsatisfied/ uncomfortable) . Because….+…. Ly do phan nan
- Details
+ Explain: ke lai van de gap lai + giai thich
The first thing I want to tell you is that…..
The second thing I want to mention is that….
The final thing I want to talk about is that…
+ Suggest solutions
Let me give you some advice. You ought to + V
I think the first solution for this case is…..
C. CONCLUSION
I hope you can consider my case and give me a reasonable answer at your earliest
convenience.
Best regards,

PART 2
1. Type 1: Pros & Cons – Lợi ích & Tác hại
(Đề: đặt vấn đề + quan đểm: tối + xấu. Hỏi lợi ích + bất lợi?)
- Từ đồng nghĩa:
+ Pros = benefit = profit = advantage = positive effect /impact = useful thing = merit =
profitable effect/impact
+ Cons = drawback = disadvantage = negative effect/impact = harmful thing = demerit =
detrimental effect/impact
A. INTRODUCTION

In recent years, it is widely believed that …..(topic) has become a heated debate (van de
tranh cai) in our society. Some people think it brings many benefits. However, others
 believe it causes more harm than good. This essay will look at both the good and bad
sides of this issue.

B. BODY
- Body 1: Pros: 6 cau. Cau mo doan + Loi ich 1 + Phan tich + Vi du 1 + Loi ich 2 +
phan tich
+ Cau 1: On the one hand – 1 mat thi,…(topic) huge benefits to people’s lives.
+ Cau 2: An important benefit to consider (is + loi ich la N/is that = loi ich la 1 menh
de)….(loi ich 1)
Ex: An important benefit to consider is entertainment./ is that it helps children entertain
themselves.
+ Cau 3: This means that (co nghia la)… giai thich
+ Cau 4: To illustrate (minh hoa) this benefit, I would like to mention (de cap) the fact
that……Vi du/ In fact,…. Vi du
+ Cau 5: Another important benefit to consider is that …… (loi ich 2)
+ Cau 6: This is because + …..clause/ (giai thich)
- Body 2: Cons. Cau mo doan + Bat loi 1 + phan tich + vi du 1 + bat loi 2 + phan tich
+ Cau 1: On the other hand, there are some drawbacks of … (topic).
+ Cau 2: An important drawback should be mentioned here is that....(bất lợi 1)
+ Cau 3: This is because ….. (phan tich bat loi)
+ Cau 4: For example, ….. (vi du)
+ Cau 5: Another significant drawback should be mentioned here is that….(bat loi 2)
+ Cau 6: This means that …. (giai thich)

C. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, [topic] has both positive and negative effects. People should try to make use
of the advantages and reduce the disadvantages as much as possible. I strongly believe that
humans can handle this issue better in the future.
(Mng nên tận dụng lợi ích và giảm thiểu bất lợi của hiện tượng này. Tôi tin tưởng 1 cách mạnh
mẽ rằng loài người đối mặt/ giải quyết vấn đề này tốt hơn.)
2. Type 2: Discuss/ Opinion
(Đưa ra vấn đề + đưa ra 1 quan điểm: tốt/xấu  Discuss and give your opinion/ do you agree or
disagree with this statement?
CÁCH LÀM: ĐỒNG TÌNH 1 NỬA lý do: vì vấn đề có cả 2 mặt  thân bài giống dạng
pros & cons
A. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, it is widely believed that …..(topic) has become a heated debate (van de tranh
cai) in our society. Many people believe that it brings many (benefits/drawbacks). In my
humble opinion, I partly agree (nua dong tinh) with this statement and this essay will discuss
several reasons.
B. BODY: SAME PROS & CONS
C. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this issue remains a topic of debate due to its positive and negative effects. In
my opinion, it has both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, people should consider it
more carefully before making decisions.
3. Type 3: Causes & Effects
A. INTRODUCTION
In recent year, it is widely believed that... (topic) (has/have) become a heated debate in our
society. Although noticeable, the causes and effects of this issue have not been
recognized by many people. Therefore, this essay will discuss the main causes of the issue,
followed by some of its serious effects.
B. BODY
- Body 1: Causes: 1 nguyen nhan khach quan + chu quan. Cau mo doan + nn1 + ptich + nn2
+ ptich
+ Câu 1: First and foremost, there are several clear reasons to explain why
this problem is becoming more serious
+ Câu 2: The most significant factor is/is that ….. nguyen nhan 1
+ Cau 3: This means that……phan tich
+ Cau 4: For example….. vi du
+ Cau 5: Another contributing factor is/is that…nguyen nhan 2
+ Cau 6: This is due to + V….phan tich
- Body 2: Effects
+ Cau 1: Besides, I share the concern of people who believe that there are a lot of
serious effects of….(topic)
+ Cau 2: From a/an (medical – y học; physical- thể chất - /psychological – tâm thần học;
social; natural; biological; economic; professional; educational ….- tính từ)
perspective, this issue causes ….. anh huong 1
+ Cau 3: This is because….
+ Cau 4: For example, …… vi du
+ Cau 5: From a/an medical – y học; physical- thể chất - /psychological – tâm thần học;
social; natural; biological; economic; professional; educational ….- tính từ)
perspective, this issue causes ….. anh huong 1
 + Cau 6: Because + menh de, Because of + N/Ving…… giai thich
C. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the main causes of .....[topic] are not only .....[cause 1] but also ....[cause 2].
People should take both the causes and effects of this issue into account in order to find
suitable solutions. (Take sth into account = consider = quan tâm/ xem xét – thành ngữ)

4. Type 4: Causes & Solutions

A. INTRODUCTION
In recent year, it is widely believed that... (topic) (has/have) become a heated debate in our
society. Although noticeable, the causes and solutions of this issue have not been
recognized by many people. Therefore, this essay will discuss the main causes of the
issue and suggest some possible solutions.
B. BODY
- Body 1: Causes: cau mo doan + nn1 + pt + vd + nn2 + pt
+ Cau 1: First and foremost, there are several clear reasons to explain why ….(topic) is
increasing/is becoming serious.
+ Cau 2: The most significant factor is/is that…… nguyen nhan 1
+ Cau 3: This means that…..phan tich
+ Cau 4: To illustrate this opinion, I would like to mention the fact that……vi du
+ Cau 5: Another contributing factor is/is that……nguyen nhan 2
+ Cau 6: This is due to + V/ Because + menh de
- Body 2: Solutions: Bam theo nguyen nhanh + ai thuc hien giai phap (ca nha, to chuc, chinh
phu)
+ Cau 1: Even though, …..(topic) is becoming serious, there are still many solutions to
solve this problem
+ Cau 2: The first solution is that…..….) (the government/ companies/ schools/ parents –
family/ principals- hiệu trưởng/ teachers/ residents/ populations/ people/ individuals-
các cá nhân/……) should take concerned measure to……. Giai phap 1
+ Cau 3: This is because …..giai thich/phan tich
+ Cau 4: In fact,…….vi du
+ Cau 5: Secondly, (the government/ companies/ schools/ parents – family/ principals-
hiệu trưởng/ teachers/ residents/ populations/ people/ individuals- các cá nhân/……)
should take concerted measures to……. Giai phap 2
+ Cau 6: This means that…. Giai thich
 C. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the main causes of [topic] are not only [cause 1] but also [cause 2]. The
suggested solutions could be helpful steps toward solving this problem.

SPEAKING
PART 1
 CÁCH PHÁT TRIỂN Ý: BRAINSTORM IDEAS
+ Give a reason
+ Give an example
+ Give a description – miêu tả
+ Give a way: cách thức
Trả lời: do you like any sports? Có +lý do: relax + improve health đưa tên các môn thể thao
(example)  miêu tả  : chơi với tần suất bao nhiêu/ chơi với ai/ chơi ở đâu
- Topic 1:
+ Good morning. I hope you have a nice day.
+ Today, I’m on cloud nine to tell you about …..(topic 1)
+ About question number 1, “nhac lai cau hoi”, In my humble opinion, I would like to say
that….
+ About question number 2,
+ About question number 3,
+ I think it is all for now
- Topic 2:
+ Now. Let’s move to the next topic which about ….(topic 2)
+ About question number 1, “nhac lai cau hoi”, In my humble opinion, I would like to say
that….
+ About question number 2,
+ About question number 3,
+ This is the end of part 1. I’m ready to move the next part.
PART 2
1 TÌNH HUỐNG CỤ THỂ + 3 ĐỀ XUẤT ĐỂ GIẢI QUYẾT LỰA CHỌN (CHỌN 1
TRONG 3) + GIẢI THÍCH
1 SITUATION + 3 OPTIONS  MAKE A CHOICE + EXPLAIN YOUR CHOICE
A. INTRODUCTION
- My situation is that....(neu lai tinh huong - ngoi thu nhat)
- There are three options for me which include ….neu lai 3 options
B. BODY
- Come rain or shine, I still think ….(lua chon cua minh) is my best choice.
- The first reason is that ….(ly do 1, giai thich, vi du neu co)
In addition, another important factor is …..(ly do 2, giai thich)
(bí: reasonable choice for me/ for my family– hợp lý, cheap = low cost; suitable,
convenient…..– tính từ/ affordable- giá cả phải chăng/ useful things/ good choice)
- Even though ……...(1 trong 2 lua chon con lai) is quite a good idea, I still don’t think it is my
best choice. Because……(ly do)
(bí: unsuitable for me at this time; expensive = high cost…..; not necessary; bad thing)
C. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, …….(lua chon) is my best choice because of many reasons that I have presented
above.
PART 3
● Đề: 1 câu chủ đề/ 1 quan điểm + 3 supporting ideas + your own ideas (3 questions)
based on 3 supporting ideas (bắt buộc)+ answer 3 questions -> ủng hộ/ phát triển câu chủ đề đã
nêu
A. INTRODUCTION
- Today, I have an important English test. My topic is….”nhac lai chu de”
- In my humble opinion, I totally agree with this statement because of many reasons as
follows.
B. BODY
- TOPIC DEVELOPMENT: BASED ON 3 SUPPORTINGS IDEAS: BẮT BUỘC
+ This first (benefit/drawback/reason) is that …..(idea 1). There is no denying that (k the phu
nhan rang)….. 1 cau phan tich + 1 cau vi du
+ Secondly, an important point to consider is …….idie 2 + 1 cau phan tich
+ Futhermore, ….idea 3.. is also an important (benefit/drawback/point) is our live …+ 1 cau
phan tich
- ANSWER QUESTIONS (YOUR OWN IDEAS)
To discus the topic for more, I would like to say that….tra loi 1 trong 3 cau hoi
C. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, I strongly see eye to eye the statement that…(nhac lai chu de)

🔶 BÀI 1: 🧍‍♀️XÃ HỘI HIỆN ĐẠI – SINGLE MOM / SỐNG ĐỘC THÂN / GIÀ HÓA
DÂN SỐ
Topic: In many modern societies, the number of single mothers has been increasing.
Discuss the causes and consequences of this trend.
Introduction
In recent years, more women have become single mothers in modern society.
This is a growing trend that many people are concerned about.
There are several causes of this issue, such as changes in lifestyle and family values.
This essay will discuss the reasons and effects of this situation.
Causes
One main reason is the high divorce rate in modern society.
Many couples cannot solve their problems, and the mother often raises the child alone.
Another cause is that women are now financially independent and confident.
In some cases, unplanned pregnancy also increases the number of single mothers.
Effects
Single mothers face many difficulties, both financial and emotional.
They have to work and take care of their children alone, which causes stress.
Children may lack love and support from both parents.
As a result, this can affect their mental health and personality development.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the rise in single mothers is caused by divorce and modern views on family.
This situation affects both mothers and children.
We should raise awareness and support single parents in society.
This helps reduce the negative impact on the next generation.
🔶 BÀI 2: 🎓 GIÁO DỤC – ONLINE LEARNING / DU HỌC / HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ
Topic: Online learning is becoming more popular.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.
Introduction
In recent years, online learning has become a popular way of studying.
It allows people to learn at home using the internet.
This method has both good and bad sides.
This essay will discuss the main advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages
One big advantage is flexibility in time and place.
Students can learn anytime and anywhere, even at home.
Another benefit is that it saves time and money.
They do not need to travel to school or pay for transportation.
Disadvantages
However, online learning can cause many problems.
Students may feel lonely because of less interaction with teachers and classmates.
Internet connection problems can also affect learning results.
Moreover, some students get distracted easily and cannot focus at home.
Conclusion
In conclusion, online learning is convenient but has some challenges.
It offers flexible study but may affect student performance.
Teachers and students should find ways to improve online learning.
This helps make education better in the future.

🔶 BÀI 3: 🚭 SỨC KHỎE – HÚT THUỐC / Ô NHIỄM / MÔI TRƯỜNG

Topic: Smoking is becoming more common among young people.
Discuss the causes and effects of this problem.
Introduction
Nowadays, more young people start smoking at an early age.
This has become a serious health issue in many countries.
There are many reasons for this trend.
This essay will discuss the causes and effects of smoking.
Causes
One cause is peer pressure and curiosity.
Teenagers want to try smoking to look cool or fit in.
Another reason is stress in school or family.
Some people smoke to feel relaxed but later become addicted.
Effects
Smoking has many bad effects on health.
It can cause lung cancer, heart disease, and shortness of breath.
Passive smoking also harms other people, especially children.
Young smokers may also waste money and lose focus on study.
Conclusion
In conclusion, smoking in young people is caused by peer pressure and stress.
It leads to health problems and affects those around them.
Parents and schools should educate students about its dangers.
Anti-smoking campaigns should be promoted more widely.