MỤC LỤC

DÀN BÀI CỦA TỪNG DẠNG BÀI............................................................................................................2

CÁC Ý CHUNG – DỄ PHÁT TRIỂN CHO TẤT CẢ TOPIC................................................................4

VOCAB CHO TỪNG TOPIC...................................................................................................................11

ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION................................................................................................11

COMPUTER AND THE INTERNET.................................................................................................14

LANGUAGE AND CULTURES...........................................................................................................15

MEDIA AND ADVERTISING..............................................................................................................18

TRAVEL AND TOURISM....................................................................................................................19

WORK AND LIFE.................................................................................................................................21

EDUCATION AND LEARNING.........................................................................................................24

TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS.................................................................................................28

GOVERNMENT ACTION...................................................................................................................29

OTHER...................................................................................................................................................31

HEALTH.................................................................................................................................................32

SHOPPING.............................................................................................................................................33

CRIME....................................................................................................................................................34

LEISURE ACTIVITY...........................................................................................................................35
 DÀN BÀI CỦA TỪNG DẠNG BÀI
Advantages and disadvantages
- … have little/a lot of value … and produce a lot of / little harmful effects // …
- … is/are indeed valueless and may exert negative impacts on …
- I believe the advantages sth/sb bring to … outweigh the negatives
- Problems can arise from …, however, the benefits they bring to … are greater
- No one can deny that ... is an exiciting experience ..., but its negative impact on ... cannot be ignored
- … for some people this could be a positive thing, while for others it could be a disaster

A or B
- … for some people this could be a positive thing, while for others it could be a disaster
- It has always been a controversial issue over whether A or B is deemed more suitable for sb
- The two approaches each have distinct advantages, and the choice is more a matter of personal preference
Lời khuyên – Cảnh báo
- It’s high time that … should be alert to the problem and restrict …
Negative and positive impact
Introduction
- have also sparked off heated controversies over the positive and negative impacts that a ... can bring into
our life.
- This change, as a consequence of the society we are in, has both positive and negative impacts.
- The positive has emerged alongside with the negative from
Negative effects
- However, other people argue that these conditions also create the possible danger of ...
- However, the negative impacts of ... should not be overlooked
- ... will undoubtedly become the source of envy and the focus of jealousy
- In my view, A and B may also cause negative influences
- There is an opinion that the wide application of … also exerts a negative influence on the society …
Possitive effects
- ... exerted positive influences to a nation as well as its people
- ... given oppoturnities through ...
- The positive side of … is that …
Result of negative effects
- In view of above undersirable impacts, it is reasonable to assume that ... is detrimental to ...
Mở đầu đoạn
- On one hand, it is undeniable that ...
- It is an undeniable fact that …
- I definitely agree that
- Some people will assert that ..., and I agree that it is

- This is simply due to the fact that

Conclusion của dạng bài A or B
- We should find the right balance between ... and ...
- From the contrast between A and B, I think that
- In conclusion, both A and B play equally important roles in …. And it is reasonable to take advantage of
both … so as to develop their potential to the fullest
- <A and B đều quan trọng> A society need … in all fields, including A, B and C. They are equally important
as A/B/C, and all play a significant and expansive role in the society
- The end resulting from A is longterm whereas that from B may be temporary and not as significant in
potential as A
- In conclusion, ..., with all its merits and demerits, can have a double-edged impact on our lives
- Given the above arguments, it is reasonable to conclude that although … have some benefits, the negative
influences they have produced should not be overlooked because the downsides far exceed the merits.
- I believe that the wheel of (science and technology) will and should, continue to roll on and thanks to our
ingenuity, new (inventions) will be created to overcome the current problems that have proved to
detrimental to (our environment)

- There is nothing wrong with ... as long as ..., but it might be a good idea to reduce ... and invest more in ....

- If the above actions were taken, it would not be long before people realised that ...

- Given the above arguments, it is reasonable to assume that although … has made our life easier and more
comfortable, it takes away the real pleasure of …
- In conclusion, there are strong arguments that …

- In the final analysis

- For the reason I have outlined, I believe that ...

 CÁC Ý CHUNG – DỄ PHÁT TRIỂN
.... has become an essential part of many people's lives.
... plays an essential role in ...
.... have to pay attention to the basics first
A, B and C all great and important (inventions) and such an important part of the fabric of our society
That is the very reason why ... becomes the single most important goal in many people’s lives
… are frequently used in almost all aspects of our daily lives
It is undeniable that … have facilitated our lives in many different ways
... is/are major sources of ...
... contribute to ....
… is/are at the base of …
Among the forces contributing to (vấn đề chung) , those of (nhân tố) are perhaps the most promonient
… one of the contributing factors is …
... is a fairly important part of human life as well as a crucial contributor to the world’s economy
… is detrimental to … in various aspects
… be inherent in …
… are/is popularly used in the field of ….
... is gaining increasing momentum starts to exter a subtle impact on sth

… reaching huge sectors of our communities, either in this country or other developing, undeveloped or even
developed countries
Identify problems
However, a range of problems have been identified and need to be addressed

… are frequently used in almost all aspects of our daily live. However, a variety of potential problems including …
ones arise, which far outweigh the benefits they bring to people

Our world and our life have both changed tremendously. However, … problems have also occurred in their wake

The problems associated with sth are becoming increasingly familiar to the general public
The most serious problem is ...
… are placing an incredibly tremendous burden on the society
... is growing alarmingly and this is putting enormous pressure on ...
Yet there are still many problems for sb to find a solution. One of the biggest challenges is …
The first reasons is that many people consider … as a future concern
(adj) reports often warn us of the dire consequences of sth
… especially in developing countries
Restrictions are being placed on are being developed
(adj) scientists and experts have already publicly conceded the seemingly insurmounable obstacles in sth

Solution
The government should impose a strict restriction on
A responsible government should protect … by strictly regulating
I think a better solution would be for sb to sth
... problems can be alleviated by + Ving
.... problems can be avoided by + Ving ( + to do sth)
... might seem a quick solution to many problems currently facing the society
To solve these problems, some people suggest that
As a result, many people feel that money and time are better spent on solving more immediate problems such as
housing shortage and traffic congestion than on preventing a disaster that is only predicted to happen in the future
A,B and C making coordinated efforts to …
…. can only achieved by verb-ing
... to fulfil similar purpises is required
... transcending barriers of all sorts (Vượt qua mọi rào cản)
... apear to be the best solution to resolve the problems arising from ...
... would also be a very effective way of encourage people to use the system
Some professionals are looking for alternatie solutions and set their sight on sth
… is a positive trend of development
... is absolutely a viable and effective approach in sth in the long run

Reason
 - For a variety of reasons …

Mục đích
… curb the … deterioration, the downward spiral can hardly be reversed
the strain on …can be relieved and the benefits to … are enormous

Example
- This is most evident in ...
- This is especially evident in ...
- Take ... as an example
- To illustrate …
- A typical example is ... reflected in the activities of ...
- I read on a reputable website that ...

More and more people + V + than + V

There is always a dilemma between A and B , but as an individual, we can do something to reduce the negative
impact of …

Example: There is always a dilemma between environment and development, but as an individual, we can do
something to reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment
Mô tả việc tiêu tiền vào những vấn đề chưa quan trọng
- ... is wasting public money on ... when there are much more important things to spend money on, such as
(improving medical) and (educational services). The money that is spent on ... should be stopped and
diverted to ...
Mô tả sự nâng cao ý thức về cấn đề gì đó
- People are increasingly aware of
- People think more seriously about
- People should be fully aware of ... (all the pitfalls and unhappies that associated with money)
Mô tả sự thiếu ý thức về việc gì
- However, on the negative side, ignorance on the awareness of … has also occurred
- …. Have little knowledge of …
Mô tả vấn đề môi trường/xã hội cần được quan tâm
- … are now frequent headlines on TV and in the newspapers all over the world, which keep reminding us of
our obligation to ….
- … issues have confronted … scientists, government agencies and the general public
- It is undeniable that serious actions are being taken
Mô tả vấn đề nghiêm trọng, ở mức độ toàn cầu
- It is also a pity to see ...
- … transcends both cultural barriers and national boundaries.
- … rate … is soaring in industrialised nations as well as in less developed countries
- … are emergeing at an alarming rate to (meet the increasingly diversingly diverse needs of people from all
walks of life)
Vấn đề cần được thực hiện ở từng cá nhân
- … few actions are actually being taken at the individual level
Vấn đề quá phức tạp, cá nhân không thể kiểm soát được
- … problems are too complex for individual people to cope with. Indeed, a combination of factors causes …
problems, many of which are important to be controlled through individual actions
Vấn đề cần chính quyền quan tâm
- The above attitudes are understandable but are obviously mistaken, so the govern- ment needs to take
proactive measures to …
Cách giải quyết có thể có của chính quyền
- The government should impose a strict restriction on
- The government can offer more incentives to people who have been active in (verb-ing) and severely
punish those who …
-
Hành động cụ thể để giải quyết
- Promoting people’s (adj) awareness
- Individual awareness of … must be nurtured

- … catering to every particular taste of humans

Thể hiện sự cần thiết để bảo vệ (culture, environment ... )
- people often feel a strong need to protect, to prevent it from changing or being damaged.
- ... is theatening the preversation of ....
 -
Thể hiện sự thay đổi trong (theo thời gian)
- The way …. are radically different from any previous generation
- The increased availability and relatively low price of … have been instrumental in this change
- With the increasing competition among a medley of (Với sự gia tăng cạnh tranh giữa một loạt ...)
- With the general decrease in …
- … is/are becoming more prevalent
- … with greater frequency
- New ways of doing something are important to have in a society
- We now (so sánh) than our anestors
- We (so sánh) than at any time in history
- The world today is characterised by the free flow of information and commodity.
-
Thể hiện sự không thành công
- ... the unsuccessful endeavour to ...
Khả năng thay thế không vững chắc
- This alternative possibility is obviously not rested on solid ground.

Thể hiện sự thành công, phát triển

- With the increasing competition among a medley of (Với sự gia tăng cạnh tranh giữa một loạt ...)
- The continuous and steady growth of …
- … has advanced in leaps and bounds
(Idiom: In leaps and bounds = tăng trưởng nhanh chóng, diễn ra mau lẹ)
Mô tả sự sụt giảm
- The ensuing rapid depletion of …
- ... gradually exhausting a large amount of ...
- ... significantly undermining any potential endeavour to be mounted in other areas
Mô tả điều không thể biện minh được
- Apparently, this could hardly be justified (Rõ ràng, điều này khó có thể biện minh được)
-
Mô tả cách nhìn nhận thường thấy ở mọi người
- It is universally acknowledged that
- It is also well-known fact that …
- There is no denying the fact that …
Mô tả ngược với kỳ vọng thường thấy của mọi người
 - Contrary to popular belief, the problems is …

Mô tả cách nhìn thiển cận

- they only see the individual trees in the forest, rather than the forest as a whole.
- I feel that those people may indeed be somewhat short-sighted
Mô tả vấn đề gây tranh cãi
- ... have spearked off heated controversies over the positive and negative impacts that ... can bring into our
life
Mô tả được được ủng hộ bởi nhiều người
- ... is still staunchly supported by the majority
- Some professionals are looking for alternative solutions and set their sight on sth
- Be widely accepted by the general population
Mô tả cảm xúc khi đọc một report mang thông tin tiêu cực
- I read on a reputable website that ... I feel terrible when I read these reports, and my heart goes out to these
people ... and I saw these conditions with my own eyes
Thể hiện mối quan hệ mật thiết
- The frequent interaction and growing interdependence among .... (noun số nhiều)
Sự tương tác thường xuyên và phụ thuộc lẫn nhau giữa ....

- A and B should go hand in hand as they are complementary to each other and therefore both should be a
part of ...
Mô tả lợi ích
- ... offer sense of ( freedom and mobility)
Miêu tả khung cảnh
- We may be strolling in the street with our friends enjoying the sunshine
- All levels of education
- In printed volumes
- Every members of society …
- … among young teenagers worldwide
- People from around the globe
- Some people, especially younger people

- In advanced industrial countries as well as in many less developed ones

- … while, in the meantime …
- … for many straight hours
 - … have a little time for + sth
- An increasing amount of time spent in verb-ing means less and less time is devoted to sth
- With the increasing competition among a medley of (Với sự gia tăng cạnh tranh giữa một loạt ...)

- A dynamic combination of A,B and C

- Can be a good starting point to develop the realization that …

- … get the right information at the right time

- Meet te demand
- Be accustomed to …
- are/is ignorant of …
- are labelled as being …
- … except on some special occasions

Kết bài
- Given this argument, it is reasonable to conclude that
- We could tentatively conclude that ....
- From my point of view, both arguments are the true reflections of the possible consequence of ...
- In conclusion, in the analysis of excessive consumption, it is obvious that
 VOCAB CHO TỪNG TOPIC
ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION
Environmental problems
- … has real environmental cost
- Humans have been damaging the environment ever since we realized our powers to harness nature.
- Vehicles are major sources of // urban air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
- It is reported that road traffic is the source of one third of all harmful air pollution in the world.
- Car exhaust contributes to acid rain, carbon dioxide and lead, which cause global warming and damage human
health.
- Vast tracts of land are allocated for wildlife conservation, and many endangered species have been spared the
fate of extinction.
- Many endangered species have been spared the fate of extinction.
- The pace of damage to the environment far outstrips our conservation efforts
- The gravity of the situation, ecological degradation, which is happening in their countries, can never be halted
- … factories and households are dumping millions of litres of toxic wastes into rivers, lakes and oceans.
- fancy private vehicles are being crazily purchased, emitting billions of tons of car exhaust into the atmosphere
and aggravating the greenhouse effect.
- Global warming
- Air pollution
- Climate change
- Energy crisis
- Environment-related issues
- Pollute the environment

Environmental problems caused by technology development

- Our global environment has been severely affected and even damaged as a result of //
 the increasing industrialisation of the world
 and the pursuit of and use of modern technology.
- The more machines are used, the more damage is caused to the environment
- In the process of developing science and technology for human civilization from industrialization to
computerization to today’s digitalization, problems that are not friendly to the environment have appeared
Solution
- I think a better solution would be for car manufacturers to design more environmentally friendly cars, which
run on solar power or hydrogen.
- The damage to the environment by (scientific and technological developments) can only be addressed, if not
improved, by the continuous advancement of science and technology.
- Protect the environment
- … make people more environmentally responsible
- …. Encourage people to consume more green products instead of disposable goods that are harmful to the
environment
- Experiences should be shared and promoted, technology shared and exchanged to …
- … raising the public ecological consciousness
- persuading people to buy those new products that only serve to fuel the existing environmental problems
- their unavoidable obligations is to instil the urgent need of taking care of our natural environment
- aware of the relationship between humans and the nature
- stops sb’s destructive behaviour
- Environmentally friendly mindsets are no doubt very welcome in today’s

Example for solution

- Latest environment-friendly farming methods use less land but produce higher crop yields

Mục đích
- … to keep the global environment in balance and 'healthy'.
- Lead a more satisfying and environmentally friendly life
- to reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment.
- … want to see the Earth turn into an uninhabitable planet.
- Help keep the ecosystem stable
- Reduce the greenhouse effect
- Avoid the pending energy crisis.
- … curb the global environmental deterioration
- into the psyche of each and every member of our planet.
- the ecological strain on earth // can be relieved
Traffic jams

- As more and more people drive to work rather than walk, cycle or take public transport, there are heavy traffic jams
almost every day at rush hours.
- The most serious problem, however, is safety. Car accidents cause huge numbers of casualties every year.
- The large TV screen can distracting and perhaps even dangerous it makes vision in the street more difficult
- … when an emergency occurs, such as traffic accidents and a violent crime, mobile phones can help the victims to
call the police or an ambulance immediately for help.
- Traffic congestion
- ... squeezing into an overcrowdeed train or bus in rush hours
- Public transport systems

Solution

- Also, traffic problems can be alleviated by building more underground tunnels and parking garages,
- and safety problems can be avoided by educating drivers as well as pedestrians // to use greater caution on the road.
- Encourage to use public transport
 Ensuring buses are punctual
 Installing more comfortable seats in waiting areas
 Providing addtional bus routes

Alternative sources of energy

Problems

- As the demand for energy worldwide is increasing, especially in developing countries, the strains on the existing and
already limited resources also increase
- There is a limitation on the use of fossil fuels, especially coal and oil
- Fossil fuels are diminishing

Thực trạng

- Some countries are rich in oil deposits like OPEC, whereas China is rich in coal deposits and Russia in natural gas.
Others, such as Japan and Germany, are completely dependent on // the import of resources.

Solution

- … use of alternative sources of energy (also known in some cases as 'green' energy)
- Encourage the use of alternative energy sources
- The only way is to turn to other sources to get energy supply. Wind power and solar power are at present feasible
alternatives.
- … produce extremely efficient solar panels to store energy from the sun.
- Use alternative energy sources that
 can be found and utilized
 to replace the limited and dwindling supply of fossil fuels

COMPUTER AND THE INTERNET

POSITIVE
Information
- storing and retrieving information on media
- save the most valuable resource-space
- takes great care to protect information from moisture, fire and human damage

Education
- assist children’s learning
- are popularly used in the field of education
- present knowledge in a vivid and novel way

NEGATIVE
- exposed to sexual and violent scenes featured // in many computer games.

DISADVANTAGE
Information
- the information that the computer can show has to be pre-programmed and needs constant updating
- not be a reliable source for knowledge,
- is often conflicting information available when taken from different sources.

- … very much overshadowed by other recent developments in technology, such as computers, digital
technology ad the Internet

- Immense storage capacity

- Library with multiple media access
- Multi-media resources
- The increased availability and relatively low price of modern technology
 - intense radiation produced by an operating computer
- The indulgence in computer games
- The benefits of modern technology
- … can access to modern health care, modern communication technology and modern comforts

LANGUAGE AND CULTURES

Language
- Linguistic scientist and experts
- The job of translators and interpreters
- Human/machine translation
- The particular sentence
- The tones and stresses with ...
- Crucial verbal elements
- ... in the translation process
- ... in delivery of meaning ...
- ... be interpreted (in different ways)
- rushed to pick up a foreign language.
- Amounting to eventual communication breakdown
- if universal acceptance of a standard language could be achieved, would be a world of seamless
communication transcending barriers of all sorts.
- The main language medium for occasions like bussiness conferent, chatting, owing

International communication
- ... world languages
- The emergence of a new language for global communication
>< A plethora of minority languages

- ... demands a new language to be created

- ... promote an international language
- ... save the troubles of learning many different languages
- ... learning an entirely novel language
The ability of a new international language

Globalisation
- The globalisation is gaining increasing momentum
- The growing transnational business communication and cultural exchange
- The widening international exchanges, both in the field of business and culture
- The elimination of a plethora of minority languages
- ,,, in the globalisation
- With increased globalization, …
- With the fast pace of modernization, …

Business and cultural contract between countries

Advantages
- The frequent interaction and growing // interdependence among countries (Sự tương tác thường xuyên và
phụ thuộc lẫn nhau giữa các quốc gia) have ended the days of regional isolation (Cô lập khu vực) and
absolute national sovereignty (Chủ quyền quốc gia)
- ... promote business corporation among nation
- ... an incresing economic and cultural interaction among nations
- ... boosts economic intergration (Nâng cao hội nhập kinh tế) and speeds up modernisation (Đẩy nhanh
hiện đại hóa)
- international trade has helped so many less developed economies grow.
- ... enjoy the achievements of other cultures across the globe.

Disadvatges
- undermining a country's national identity. (Xói mòn bản sắc dân tộc)
- the world is getting less linguistically diverse, as a growing number of people give up their native
language for the dominant language in the world - English.
- creates tensions between a global culture and a country's national identity.

Suggestion
- we should take the initiative in fighting to protect our distinct culture and identity from being submerged
 by other cultural or economic influences.

Culture

- Indigenous culture (Văn hóa bản địa)

- Every country, every group of people has a unique culture
- Culture is not dead but something alive and changing
- It would be good if all society, not just the government, took an interest in preserving parts of our history
and culture
- International visitors bring their own range of behaviors and customs

Multicutural societies

- Multicultural societies, in which there is a mixture of different ethnic peoples

- Countries like the USA and Australia are modern multicultural societies. They have been created
 By successive waves of immgration of peoples froms other continents and countries
 As well as by the original inhabitants: Europe, Africa, Asia, and Central ... over several hundred of
years
- ... an exiting and rich blend of people, culture and lifestyles
- Have so much in common
- The range of experiences available is more diverse
- Life in a multicultural society
- Countries and communities

Sugestion

- we should take the initiative in fighting to protect our distinct culture and identity from being submerged by
other cultural or economic influences.
- the long-cherished and observed traditions should also be passed down to the next generation as this '…
cultural ' is deeply rooted in a nation's heritage, culture and conventions.

Different cultural systems

1. The cultural gap
2. Language barriers
o Among the forces contributing to the tension behind these crosscultural encounters, those of
 language barriers are perhaps the most prominent
o The tension behind these crosscultural encounters
o Communication with foreigners has always been difficult and may lead to misunderstandings
o Produce quite a lot of unpleasantness during a jouney
3. Conflict
o Lead to conflicts between tourists and a local community
o Some people prefer to live peacefully withour disruption fom he outside world
4. Noise, congeston and pollution

MEDIA AND ADVERTISING

- A global media and entertainment force
- The widespread advertising in modern societies
- The mighty power of advertising ….
- The magnetism of advertising ... (Sức hút của quảng cáo)
- Fascinating advertisement (Quảng cáo hấp dẫn)
- Seductive images and attractive prices

Advertising
- Advertising is a sign of our times; it is everywhere, from my public to my private life, from
SMS messages on my phone to the back of toilet doors, to TV screens in the supermarkets, on
the streets and in elevators.
- Most of consumers find it hard to resist the allure of possessing the advertised products ( Hầu
hết người tiêu dùng không cưỡng lại được sự hấp dẫn của quảng cáo sản phẩm)
- Inundated by a succession of (Bị choáng ngợp bởi) seductive images (Hình ảnh hấp dẫn) and
attractive prices

- ... to stimulate purchasing impulses in the audience, their potential customers

- ... to gain the attention of the public

Television
- Television is a powerful tool of communication
- Televison focuses mainly on visual impac and offers audiences instant gratification

Positive effects
 - Bring us laughter and joy

Negative effects
- Incite hatred or violence, leading us towards behaviors and crimes
- Over recent years, there has been an increasing amount of media violence. TV series portray
serial killers, gun battles and brutal fighting.

TRAVEL AND TOURISM

- Each year, hundreds of millions of people travel around the globe // for leisure, business, and other purposes

- Travelling costs
- International travel
- International visitors/ international travellers
- Cross-country travel
- Host coutries

Negative impacts of international travel

- exhibit undesirable behaviour.
- The vociferous minority (Một số lượng thiểu số) seem to leave an impression in the minds of people in host
countries.
- In many places, cultural traditions are destroyed because they are being commercialised for profits. ... Those
who are expecting a quiet cultural may finally end up seeing the same hustle and bustle in a modern city
Negative impacts of that will be the less international in the future
- Adversely influence regions and countries where tourism is blackbone industry

Positive impacts of international travel

- The far greater impression
- Internal tourism brings huge numbers of travellers from over the world to ...
- Bring host countries money which they inject into the local economy, which is excellent for business
- Bring with it obvious economic benefits as well
- Becomes a major source of income
- Boost a region’s economic growth
- Educate the local people about what like in another part of the world
- International travellers are like ambassadors for their countries
 - Helps to save the local ulture from dying out
- International visitors can help others to see things from a different perspective
- The continuous and steady growth of international tourism brings together people from different cultural
systems and inevitably leads to misunderstandings and conflicts that are difficult to resolve.

Disadvantages of international travel

- Turmoil happens on sectors of the planet (Hỗn loạn xảy ra ở các khu vực)
- Visa policy is about to become much stricter
- An unafforable travel budget

Solution – Idea
- Setting up money-making attractions in a tourist areas
<Giải thích 1> We cannot afford to renovate historical buildings if we not visited a price
<Giải thích 2> Traditional skills and lifestyles were not presented to visiors in an impressive
ways

- Problem: An unfforable travel budget => Solution: Cutting down non-essential costs

Mục đích
- ... attract large numbers of visitors
 WORK AND LIFE
- A variety of services and leisure options

- Large multinational companies spread the lastes technologies and experience around the world
- … especially in today’s highly competitive society
- The (most) powerful forces at work
- A pursuit in career life
- An effective method for sb to successful learners
- Company needs its employees to devote their effort and heart for the job
- The good of achieving a win-win benefit for the company and employee

- ... have made effective development plans to successfully ...

- Entered the workforces
- Taking up a full-time job

- .... enjoy the achievements of ...

>< ... significantly undermining any potential endeavour to be mounted in other areas
- The final aim for every job hopper
- ... is worth striving for all one’s life
- Becomes ... after years of striving
- ... as partial fulfilment of their academic achievement
- ... is a sign of their wealth or high social status
- ... spread the lastes technologies and experience around the world
- ... give evidence of their great success, at least in ... terms.

- … after years of striving

- … for one’s career lifespan
- In the same position
- ... increases their social position

- Ordinary people in our society

- The middle class
- White-collar jobs
 - Farmers
- Homeless

Stay in the same type of work

- Working in the same type of work for one’s career lifespan

Positive side
- Has its positive under-pinnings
- … a stable job with a steady income offers one a sense of security
- Feeling of “togetherness” that comes from working with the same colleagues for many years

Negative side
- Breed a kind of lethargy
- A lack of motivation or job satisfaction
- It may be difficult to generate fresh zeal or energy towards work after so much time

Change the job time to time

- Were to move frequently from one job or job area to another

Positive effects
- Possible to learn and gather diverse experiences from different companies and different jobs
- New working environments
- Turn out to be a great opportunity

Negative side
- New colleagues take time to bond and to get to know them well may prove difficult
- Take longer to establish a rapport with the manager

Stress
- …. An effective channel to relieve the stresses and strains of modern life

- Earning more money to ensure higher standards of living

- With high and steady double income
- ... be a high-earning careerist
- ... promote business corporation among
 - ... has the great potential to develop one’s skill in a more subliminal and indepth way
- To show one’s talent and abilities
- To gain confidence in oneself

Threat
- Unable to resist the temptations of a high-life, some youngsters are lured to commit various crimes in hope
of achieving instant wealth

Sự thay đổi trong cuộc sống hiện nay

- Our lives, unlike before, are becoming increasingly fast-paced, and we try to value the little free time we
have, rather than squandering it on time-consuming tasks such as the preparing and the cooking of the
family meal.
- Ever since the invention of currency, humans have been both enjoying economic benefits and encountering
financial problems

Happiness
Introduction: The pursuit of happiness is an everlasting human endeavour in all societies. However, happiness is
probably the most elusive thing in the world and when defining it, people often hold widely different views. In my
opinion, although the definitions of happiness may vary, they can fall into two broad categories, which will be
discussed below.
- People actually find themselves immersed in a feeling of happiness

Lifestyles
1. Obtain hapiness through posessions/acquisitions
- Their lives are an incessant course of possessing something, whether it is money, fame, authority or social
status.
- A shrewd businessman, who is in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night,
motivated by anything that sounds profitable or lucrative.
2. Achieve happiness though helping others and contributing to the whole society
- understand that true happiness comes from giving rather than taking
- helping the poor and the disabled, they feel an inner bliss that accompanies them at every moment of their
 lives.
- It is this kind of charity and generosity that makes our lives rich, meaningful and happy.

EDUCATION AND LEARNING

- Elementary mathematics learning
- Elementary language learning
- General education system
- Specific education systems

- … are/is important in assisting a child’s learning

- This is necessary for children to receive general education in their early stage of schooling
- … can enable students in enhancing their general understanding of how to solve difficulties in study
- giving student vital skills in readiness for later life.
- learn effectively and in a long-term manner
- … learning should be guided and directed by the experience of teachers

- A traditional and long-established practice

- School assignment
- The relationships between different subjects and their mutual overlap
- … is now a compulsory requirement
- It’s important for … to master at least … early age

Traditional practice at school

- to study and gain knowledge at school,// learning skills in various ways // taught by traditional methods.
- A school is a place where students gather to be educated and learn from each other as well as formal
educators.
- At school, students' development is orchestrated stage by stage, step by step by experienced teachers, and
their acquisition of knowledge // is guided and backed up in a systematic way.
- NOT overemphasising the use of computers and the Internet.

Education system, which provides a general education across a wide range of subjects
 - Access to abundant knowledge in a diverse range of fields
- Necessary for them to deal with a multitude of problems they might encounter in their daily life

Specific system, which focus on a narrow range of subjects

- Specific education on teaching one or two particular subject
- This is simply due to the fact that a significant proportion of general knowledge imparted to students in
secondary or tertiary education would have most likely been forgotten once they start their career.
- The jobs available nowadays increasingly demand job seekers with one particular skill. Therefore, it is
more sensible to place students on a more focused education once they reach the phase of secondary
education.
- In this way, students could be more prepared for their work ahead.

Study with groups

Positive impacts
- Sharing of ideas amongst group members
- Their communication skills and critical thinking abilities are greatly enhaced
- Peer pressure can be positive force which can motivate and challenge the students to do their best
- The competitive learning environment also prepares the students for the future reality

Study alone
- Traditional way of learning, which students study alone at their own pace
- The individual learner
Positive impact
- Be kept away from the distracting conversation or unnecessary interruptions in … with many
students/colleagues
- Can pace his/her own learning hand decide for him/herself
- Especially helpful to those intellectually gifted students

Learn foreign language

- With increased globalisation, comes increased cross- cultural contact and because of this, it is important for
children to master at least one foreign language at an early age so as to prepare them for this global society
 - …. Understand a foreign language
= An opportunity for children to learn about the understand a little about another culture
= An opportunity to cultivate student’s talent, develop their ability in learning, boost their potential for
further education
- The study of a foreign language will bring benefit to their studies and, in the future, their careers

School curriculum
- … be determined by the school curriculum

Development
- … on sb’s physical and mental development
- People’s physical and spiritual … (needs are greatly diversifies and carefully categorized)
- In summary, from both physiological and psychological points of view,

Primary
- The primary school is a seat of learning to develop intelligence and talents

Reading book

- I agree that reading is though-provoking

- By reading, we form a mental picture // of what the author narrates and depicts.
- Through the use of words, the author is creating pictures and images of the scenes within the book // in our
mind.
- Our reading may may also go along with the multiple reports and stories in a daily newspaper
- By the same token, we read to interpret, understand or even enjoy either for pleasure or for knowledge
Benefits of reading book
- Expand one’s imagination
- Has the great potential to develop one’s language skills in a more subliminal and indepth way
- Help life our horizon
- Develop our cultural enlightenment
- Enrich our language abilities
- The ability to use language is actually a cumulative build-up from reading. An author should have a large
 pool of language skills before a volume or an article could be written
Impact of reading books
- In the course of reading, we are writtingly or unwrittingly influenced and will turn to use what we have
read

Learning history
- History = A basic knowledge of human evolution and scientific history
Negative opinion
- A boring task of memorizing long lists of names and dates which they will never use
- Studying the past is a waste of time
- Ways of thinking, science and technology and social systems in the past were outdates and therefore bear
little relevance to the present-day problems
- Spend too much time studying the past as it simply distracts us from focusing on the present
Positive opinion
- Useful and fun
- Thousands of years of human experience and wisdom do have sth to teach us
- Gave us an inspirational example that success only comes after persistence and hard work
- Can help us develop thoughtful and critical mind
- Make more informed decisions in our present day life and work
- Avoid to do something are still repeating the same mistakes again and again like waw, violence and
injustice

- The matter of the fact is that modern society expects its students and prospective professionals with an all-
round pool of knowledge and skills

Subjects
- History = A basic knowledge of human evolution and scientific history
- Geography = Basis knowledge that deals with the interaction of the diverse physical, biological and cultural
features of the earth’s surface
- Science and technology products can generate the possible commercial benefits
The relationships between subjects
- We should understand the relationships between different subjects and their mutual overlap
- A society needs well-educated people in all fields, including history, geography and many others like arts
and music. They are equally important as sciences, and all play a significant and expansive role in the
society

TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS

Use technology to support education
Can
- The computer can be programmed to provide an endless number of simple questions
- A computer can evaluate an answer as right or wrong, …
Can not
- … but it cannot determine why. Because these tasks are too many variables for a computer to deal with
successfully.
- It cannot determine at what stage in a mathematics problem the student has made an error;

Conclusion:
- Computers may be useful as a tool for // practicing simple skills, they are not an essential feature of modern
education,
- Until further developments in computers are made, are human teacher will remain indispensable
- modern technologies can complement more traditional teaching and learning methods, // without being
used as a replacement for these traditions.

Mobile phone
Introduction
- Are frequently used in almost all aspects of our daily lives
- However, a variety of potential problems including … ones arise, which far outweigh the benefits they
bring to people
Benefits
- when an emergency occurs, such as a traffic accident or a violent crime, mobile phones can help the victims
to call the police or an ambulance immediately for help.
- Can send and red emails via a mobile phone
And communicate quickly and easily with their clients and co-workers
=> work faster and more efficiently
Negative influence
- Exert a negative influence on the society, an individual’s health and technological development
- Taking on cell phones in public with a high voice => Disturbs people arpung
- Radiation that a working mobile phone produces has the potential to cause brain cancer and cardiovascular
diseases
- Using mobile phones on board a plane may effect the navigation system of the aircraft, which will
endanger the lives of the passengers

Modern technology
Purposes
- The main purpose of technological innovation and creation is to make human life better and safer
Benefits
- Allows the expression of human creativity to go unhindered (cho phép con người thể hiện khả năng sáng
tạo // mà không bị cản trở.)
Example benefits of modern technology
1. With up-to-date computer graphics technology
 some astonishing special effects are frequently shown in Hollywood movies,
particularly in some sciencefiction works.
2. With the invention of the Internet
 Game lovers across the globe can explore the fun of online entertainment // in a virtual world // full of
mystery and adventure.

Negative side
- I feel that there’s impractical and impossible to return to a life without this technology on which we have
generally become so dependent
Opinion
1. Some people who claim that a simpler life is more preferable as it is less dependent upon fashionable
devices and less in the grip of those so-called modern technologies
 GOVERNMENT ACTION
- It is my strong recommendation for the government to ban such practice, which is against moral principles.
- It is my earnest to our government that such practice should be fobidden in the form of law. Furthermore, it
is the obligation of all citizens to ... (respect and value sb)
- A responsible government should protect … by strictly regulating
- The government should impose a strict restriction on
- Some government have established preferential policies to promote ...
- The government should combat the threat of ... to the general public.
- The governmenr should take all reasonable measures available and possible to help those who ...
- The government could educate people about the devastating impact of sth
- The government has set up an early warning system to advise the citizens how to avoid ...
- The government needs to utilise all its resources aiming at ...
- Measures the government could take to encourage ... The fisrt action could be to ...

- A number of possible solutions have been put forward by the government and have proved quite effective

- Seemingly, this problem is not serious enough to be prohibited by the government.

- It seems to me that the government cares more about sth than sth
- It is still regarded the primary responsibilities of ther government to take care of ... in consideration of
(their immense contributions to our society before they reach the retirement age)
- I believe that to adress this social problem, both the government and the individual citizens have their
respective roles to play
- The government should, beyond and doubt, assume the obligation to look after sb
- The government há a responsibilities to provide the basic needs of people ....
- I believe the government has a very important role to play here
- ... plays an essential role in guaranteeing the self-sufficient life of ...
- ... also expected to share the burden of ...
- The well-being of (group of people) is as important as any other issues confronting any government. They
are as much entitled to social welfare as any other groups of people

- As long as both the government and ... shoulder their share ò responsibilities, the lives of ... as well as the
society would be much better off
 Financial dependent
- … are often labelled as being overly financially dependent
- … have no access to any source of income
- ... their expenses would culminate into quite a formidable figure

- Social security funds

- ... gradually exhausting a large amount of social fund, posing the th
- Entitlement to social welfare is every citizen’s right
- Strained financial sources
- Pension fund
- Pension scheme
- ... constitute the majority of (Chiếm đa số bởi) people who are deserving of financial support offered by
the government
- ... funds is clearly (not) an option when it comes to downsizing (cắt giảm) the government budget

- To encourage people to have a healthy lifestyle and to offer responsible medical care should go hand in
hand as they are complementary to each other and therefore both should be a part of government policy.

Topic 1: Responsibilities of individuals or government to save money for retirement age

Introduction
- Exceed their retirement age => Placing an incredibly tremendous burden on the society
- The ensuring rapid depletion of social security funds and strained financial sources available
 Many people have to save up sufficient money for their own good after they retire
The retired elderly people = People who leave their jobs to relish the terminal stage of their life
 OTHER
Individual private lives
- Putting out stories of people’s private lives on social media
- Sb’s private story gets published
- Expose one’s privacy
- In the society, everyone, whether a celebrity or an ordinary person, is allowed to enjoy the right of privacy
without any infrigement

Population
- The world population
- Crowded urban areas
Problems
- The world population is growing alarmingly
- Putting enormous pressure on urban housing
- Living in overcrowded areas
- Severe housing shortages
- Pushing up the prices of living
- Wealthier members of the society
Solution
- Building satellite towns around city to absorb the urban population and their housing demand
- Promote the construction of high-rise apartment buildings because they meet the demand for more
economical use of land
 HEALTH
- Lack of physical exercises
- Falling eyesight
- Poses untold hidden health hazards
- The physical inferiority
- Personal well-being

- Nutritious and healthy diet

- The nutrition in ... area is so poor
- The obesity rate (among aged between … and …) …
- .. in order to stave off disease and illness
- … in order to promote a longer and fuller life
- … lead to increased lifespan, health and general well-being
- Life expectancy is less/more than ... years
- People are increasingly aware of the need to have a nutritious and healthy diet
- People think more seriously about their physical well-being

Agriculture
- Modern agribusiness has brough about a fundamental change in the raising of dairy animals, poultry and crop

Promote the healthy lifestyle to prevent illness

- Maintain a goood lifestyle to avoid ailment from occuring
- No one wants to suffer from any kind of illness
- Limiting the spread of the virus
- Create a healthy lifestyle for sb
 Promiting healthy life habits
 Minimising the possibilities for people to get sick
- Educate the public about healthy lifestyles as well as the dangers of smoking or drinking

Treat of people who are ready ill

- When a person falls ill, treatment should be immediate and effective
- Timely medical attention and cure for any illness
 - Offer universal medical care
- Suffer from various kind of diseases

SHOPPING
- Check out the best deals online or in the paper
- New consumer products
- Mushrooming supermarkets, department stores and shopping malls … those places exist to provide a
splendid array of modern commodities (những nơi đó tồn tại để cung cấp một loạt các mặt hàng hiện đại)
- The soaring sales of consumer good

Shopping in today
- Modren consumerism
- In this world with greater material wealth, shopping is viewed not only as a means of obtaining daily
necessities, but also as a popular leisure activity
- ... growing interest in shopping
- Fast economic development has allowed a greater variety of commodities to be produced, displayed and
sold

Positive effects
- Be an indication of wealth and prosperity
- The whole world’s economy will improce by encourageing consumption and production
-
Negative effects
- Excessive packaging is disposed of carelessly and poses a threat to the environment
- Unrestrained shopping replacing the more healthy activities of visiting the park, going to the church or
regilar community gatherings
 CRIME
Media violence

- Over recent years, there has been an increasing amount of media violence.
- Television incite hatred or violence, leading us towards deviant behaviours and crimes.
- TV series portray serial killers, gun battles and brutal fighting.
- TV viewers today are so used to violence that they never think it disturbing but find it fun to watch.
- Young people and children are the greatest victims of this surge in media violence.
- News and documentaries illustrate every detail of a startling crime in the name of crime investigation.
- Not yet able to distinguish between right and wrong, they often imitate the violence they observe on TV
and accept it as the normal way to behave towards others.
- It is reported that many juvenile crimes are the direct result of viewing aggressive behaviours on TV.
- Psychological and sociological studies have concluded that violence on the screen is contributing to
increased crime rate in our world. The government should combat the threat of media violence to the
general public.
- Opponents of strict media control often point out that some of the violence shown on TV is the true
portrayal of what is happening around us and people have the right to know it.
- Although this is undoubtedly true, it also means that people who see them a lot may gradually develop a
sense of insecurity and mistrust as they are forced to believe they are living in a dangerous world.
 LEISURE ACTIVITY
- Many people feel an impulse to ... when they are in a bad or good mood

Entertainment
- Helps people relieve their pressure from work and study
<Thực trạng>
- Whilst recreational activities are getting increasingly diversifies

Museums
Are enjoyable and entertaining places
- Are the places in which objects artistic, cultural, historical or scientific interest are kept and shown to the
public
- Should be entertaining in order to attract young people
- The best way for the young people is to interact with the exhibits
- To illustrate an object in a meaningfully entertaining way or with an interesting and attractive background
can make them enjoy more and appreciate better the value an object represents.
- showcase the value and interest of the exhibits could be used in order for the young to understand culture,
art, history and science.
Use to educate young people
- Acquisition of knowledge or study or education
- Learn and satisfy their curiosity
- Foster young people’s patriotism
- A futuristic science scenario calls for the young to devote great efforts to its realisation.
Conclusion
- This blend of education and entertainment is the key for how the museum can appeal to and attract more
young visitors.