Q 1) Write a short note on Alluri Sitaram
Raju.
Ans) He was considered as the leader of
the tribals of gudem hills of Andhra
Pradesh. He was also inspired by Gandhi
ji non – corporation movement and
persuaded people to wear Khadi and give
up drinking. The rebels proclaimed him
as an incarnation of god. He claimed that
he had a variety of special powers like
astrological prediction, healing people.
Q2) write a short note on Jalliawala Bagh
Massacre.
Ans) British troops fired on a large crowd
of unarmed Indians. In an open space
known as Jalliawala Bagh. It happened on
April 13,, 1919 they all are killed by
general dyer. Hundred of people were
killed. This place is located in Amritsar,
Punjab
Q3) Describe the Swaraj flag designed by
Mahatma Gandhi.
Ans) in 1921, Gandhi designed the Swaraj
flag. This was a tricolour flag and had a
spinning wheel in the centre of a red,
green ,and white banner. The red strip
was for Hindus, and the green was for
Muslims. The white band presented
peace and the rest of the communities
live in India.
Q4) what was the rowlatt ct and effects of
it?
Ans) Rowlatt act is authorised by the
British government to arrest anybody
suspected of terrorist activities. It was
passed in March 1919 by the imperial
legislative council.
Effects :
Rallies were organised in various
cities.
Workers went on strike in railway
workshops.
Shops were closed down.
Q5) what is Satyagraha? Describe about
his idea.
Ans) it was a novel method of mass
agitation, which stressed the principle of
truth, non-violence, and peaceful
protests. The idea of Satyagraha is that if
the cause was true, if the struggle was
against injustice, then physical force was
not necessary to fight the oppressor.
Q6) Silk Road was not only used for
trade, but also by religious Mishereries to
preach.Explain
Ans) Trade and cultural exchange always
went hand in hand. Early Christian
missionaries almost certainly travelled
this route to Asia, as did early Muslim
preachers a few centuries later. Much
before all this, Buddhism emerged from
Eastern India and spread in several
directions through intersecting points on
the silk routes.
Q7) How was smallpox used as a weapon
by the Spanish army to conquer America?
Ans) The small pox used as a weapon
because:
America, original inhabitants had no
immunity against the diseases that
came from Europe.
Smallpox in particular proved as a
deadly killer.
It spread into the continent and kill
the whole communities, paving the
way of conquest
Q8) Discuss the Belgium model of power
sharing.
Ans)
Constitution pre-describes that the
number of Dutch and French speaking
ministers shall be equal in central
government. No single community can
take decision.
The state governments are not
subordinate to the central
government.
Brussels , the capital, has a separate
government where both the
community have equal representation.
Q9) what is power sharing ? In what
forms is shared in the country?
Ans) Power-sharing helps to maintain a
balance of power among various
institutions and also keep a check on how
it is exercised.
In modern democracy, power sharing
arrangement can take many forms:
1) Power is shared among different
organs of government, such as
legislature, executive, judiciary.
2)Power can be shared among
governments at different levels a
general government for the entire
country and government at the
provincial or regional level.
3)Power may also be shared among
different social groups such as
religious and linguistic groups.
4)Power sharing arrangements can
also be seen in the way political
parties pressure groups and
movement control or influence.
Q10) Differentiate between horizontal
and vertical power sharing.
Ans)
Horizontal Power Sharing
Power is shared among different
organs of government. Eg: legislature,
executive, judiciary.
Each and every organ keeps an eye on
the others.
Eg: this ensures that none of organ
can exercise and utilise unlimited
power.
Vertical Power Sharing
Power can be shared among
government and different levels.
A general Centre government for the
entire country and government at
provincial or state and regional level.
Eg: India Union government that is
central government and state
government.
Q11) Discuss between the Prudential and
moral reason of power sharing.
Ans)
1) Prudential power sharing is used
for resolving conflicts between
various government and structure.
2)Moral power sharing is used for the
distribution of authority
democratically .
Q12) Name the local self government
body in urban areas.
Ans) There are several types of urban
local bodies in India, such as municipal
corporation, municipality, notified area,
committee, town area committee, special
purpose agency, Township, Cantonment
board, etc. All types of urban local
government are democratically elected
by the people on the basis of electrol
wards.
Q13) what is the difference between
coming together and holding together
federalism?
Ans)
COMING TOGETHER FEDERALISM
When independent states come
together on their own to share power
and form a bigger group, then it is
called coming together federalism.
This increases their securities and
they also retain identity.
Eg: USA, Australia, Switzerland
HOLDING TOGETHER FEDERALISM
When a large central authority
decides to share power with its
constituent units.
States are not allowed to leave the
union.
Eg: India, Belgium, Spain
Q14) what are the features of federalism?
Ans)
I. Different tyres of government govern
the same citizen and each tier has its
own justification.
II. Two or more levels of government.
III. Courts have the power to interpret
the constitution and power of different
level of government.
IV. The fundamental provisions of the
Constitution cannot be changed by
one level of government .
V. The federal system has dual objectives
1. To safe guard and promote the
unity of the country.
2. To accommodate regional
diversity.
Q15) Poverty reduction has been many
reduction under dictatorship. Does it
make it better than democracy? Why/
why not?
Ans) It is not better than democracy
because democracy is a better form of
government when compared with
dictatorship or any other alternative form
of government because it:
Promotes equality among citizens.
Enhance the dignity of the individual.
Improve the quality of decision
making.
Provide a method to resolve conflicts.
Q16) What are the various challenges
faced by political parties?
Ans) The challenges are:
i. Lack of internal democracy within
parties. Greater power is with leaders
to make decisions.
ii. Dynastic succession is related to the
first one they gave ticket to close
ones.
iii. Money and muscle power they tend to
nominate those candidates who have
or can raise lots of money.
iv. Open parties do not seem to offer a
meaningful choice to the voters.
Q17) How can parties be reformed?
Ans) Parties can be reformed:
i. Constitution was amended to
prevent elected MLA’s and MPs
from changing parties.
ii. Supreme Court passed an order to
reduce the influence of money and
criminals.
iii. There should be state funding of
elections.
iv. It should be made mandatory for
parties to give minimum numbers
of tickets to women.
v. A law Should be made to regulate
the internal affairs of parties.
Q18) Why is the issue of sustainability
important for development?
Ans) The issue of sustainability is
important for development because if the
natural resources are not used carefully,
they may not be available for future
generations.
The depleting resources of a country may
ultimately result in a lack of development
of the country.
Q19) What are the reasons for putting
barriers to foreign trade and foreign
investment by the Indian government?
Why did it wish to remove these Barriers?
Ans) The reasons for putting trade
barriers were:
i. To protect the producers within the
country from foreign competition.
ii. Competition from imports at that
stage would not have allowed these
industries to come up.
iii. India allowed imports of only essential
items, such as machinery, fertilisers,
petroleum etc.
Q20) what is sustainable development?
Ans) Sustainable development is
development that meet the needs of
present, without compromising the ability
of future generation to meet their own
needs.
Q21) What is Agenda 21?
Ans)
Agenda 21 is the declaration signed
by world leaders in 1992 at the United
Nations conference on environment
and development (UNCED) which
took place in Brazil.
It aims at achieving global sustainable
development through various means.
Q22) what was the Rio De Janeiro summit
purpose? When did it take place?
Ans)
In June 19 19, two more than hundred
heads of states met in Rio De Janeiro
in Brazil for the first International
Earth Summit.
Rio De Janeiro Sumit, 1992 aims at
achieving global sustainable
development.
The assembled leaders signed the
declaration on global climatic change
and biological diversity
Alluvial Soil
It is the most widely spread and
important soil.
These have been deposited by three
important, Himalayan rivers: the
Indus, the Ganga, and the
Brahmaputra.
Alluvial soil is also found in the
Eastern coastal Plains, particularly in
the river Delta of the Mahanadi, the
Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri.
Black Soil
The soil are black in colour and are
also known as regur soil.
Black soil is ideal for growing cotton
and is also known as black cotton soil.
It covers the plateau of Maharashtra,
Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh,
and Chhattisgarh.
Arid Soil
Arid soils are red to brown in colour.
They are generally sandy in texture
and in nature.
Due to the dry climate, high
temperature, evaporation is faster and
the soil lacks humus and moisture.
Forest Soil
The soils are found in the hill and
mountainous area where sufficient
rainforests are available.
They are loamy and silty in Valley
areas and coarse grained in the upper
slopes.
Red Soil
Red soil develop on crystalline
igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall
in the eastern and Southern parts of
the Deccan plateau.
Red soil are also found in parts of the
Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
Q23) Describe how communities have
conserved and protected forest and
wildlife in India?
Ans)
In some areas of India, local
communities are struggling to
conserve these habitats along with the
government officials. In Sariska Tiger
reserve, Rajasthan villager fought
against mining by citing the wildlife
protection act
The inhabitants of five villages in
the Alwar district of Rajasthan have
declared 1200 hectares of Forest as
the Bhairodev Dakav Sonchuri,
declaring their own set of rules and
regulation, which do not allow
hunting.
The famous CHIPKO movement in
the Himalayas has not only resist
deforestation But shown that
community afforestation with
indigenous species can be successful.
Q24) What is project tiger?
Ans)
It was the wildlife campaign in the
world, it is implemented on 1 April,
1973.
Its main objective is to protect the
remaining population of tiger because
of hunting, poaching, and use of their
skin and bones for traditional
medicines.
And also because of the shrinkage of
their habitat and growing population
of human.
Q25) What is the wildlife protection act?
Ans)
It is implemented in 1972. Its
objective is to protect remaining
population of animals species.
For this government, make a list of
such animals, government, open
National Park, wildlife centuries for it.
And for the first time in 1990 plants
were also in the list, several projects
were also launched for protection of
animals like Project Tiger.
Q26) explain the types of forests.
Ans)
1. RESERVED FORESTS
More than half of the total forest area
has been declared as reserved forest.
These are most valuable forest from
the conservation point of view.
2. PROTECTED FORESTS
One third of the total forest area has
been declared as protected forest by
the forest department.
This forest land are protected from
any further depletion.
3. UNCLASSED FORESTS
Those Forests and waste lands other
than reserved forest and protected
forest.
These belong to both government and
private individuals and communities.
Q27) why is the iron and steel industry is
referred as the backbone of India’s in
economy?
Ans)
Iron and steel industry provides raw
material materials for all industries
like automobiles, machine, tools, rail
tracks, manufacture of defence
equipment, etc.
Almost everything used by us is either
made up of steel or machines are
made up of iron.
Q28) Discuss the steps to be taken to
minimise environmental degradation by
industry?
Ans)
1) Minimising use of water for
processing by reusing and recycling it
in into two or more stages.
2)Harvesting of rainwater to meet
water requirements.
3)Treating hot water and effluents before
releasing them in river and pond.
Q29) Minerals are unevenly distributed in
the country. Substantiate your answer,
with examples.
Ans) India is blessed with plenty of
metallic and non-metallic mineral
resources. However, they are unevenly
distributed due to differences or variations
in geological structures, processes and
time involved in the formation of minerals.
Peninsular rocks contain most of the
reserves of coal, metallic minerals,
mica, and other nonmetallic minerals.
The sedimentary rocks in Gujarat and
Assam have most of the petroleum
deposits.
Rajasthan has the reserves of many
nonferrous minerals.
The Alluvial plains of North India are
mostly devoid of mineral resources.
Q30) Agriculture in the backbone of
many industries. Support the statement.
Ans)
Agriculture is the considered as the main
occupation of majority of people in India.It
has helped the India economy in the
following ways:
provides food and fodder.
distribution of wealth.
helps internal trade.
source of Foreign Exchange.
source of our national income.
requires less capital.
helps in the development of tertiary
sector.
accumulation of National Capital.
provides raw materials for industries.
Q31) why democratic government better than other
governments?Explain.
Ans) Democracy is a better form of government
when compared with dictatorship or any other
alternative form of government because it:
i Promotes equality among citizens
ii Enhances the dignity of the individual
iii Improves the quality of decision making
iv. Provides a method to resolve conflicts
v. Allows room to correct mistakes.
