Aviation Safety and Security
1. Ensures protection of passengers, crew, and aircraft.
2. Focuses on preventing accidents and incidents in air travel.
3. Includes security checks, baggage screening, and monitoring of suspicious behavior.
4. ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) sets global standards.
Unruly Passengers
1. Unruly behavior disrupts flight safety and violates aviation laws.
2. Common issues: refusal to follow crew instructions, violence, intoxication.
3. Tokyo Convention 1963 grants legal rights to handle unruly passengers.
4. Penalties include fines, jail, and blacklisting from airlines.
Aircraft Act, 1934
1. Regulates the manufacture, use, and operation of aircraft in India.
2. Establishes rules for airworthiness and safety standards.
3. Authorizes the government to create and enforce aviation regulations.
4. Empowers civil aviation authorities for monitoring and enforcement.
Space Law Treaties
1. Governs activities and responsibilities in outer space.
2. Key treaties include the Outer Space Treaty (OST), Liability Convention, and Rescue
Agreement.
3. Other notable treaties: Moon Agreement and Registration Convention.
4. Establishes principles like non-appropriation, peaceful use, and cooperation.
Outer Space Treaty (OST)
1. Adopted in 1967; foundational treaty in space law.
2. Prohibits claiming celestial bodies for sovereignty or military use.
3. Mandates peaceful exploration and protection of the space environment.
4. Encourages international cooperation in space activities.
Liability Convention
1. Establishes liability for damage caused by space objects.
2. Launched states are responsible for damages on Earth or in space.
3. Applies strict liability on Earth and fault-based liability in space.
4. Enables compensation claims by affected countries.
Rescue Agreement
1. Mandates the rescue and return of astronauts in distress.
2. Encourages assistance to astronauts regardless of nationality.
3. Promotes international responsibility for humanitarian aid in space.
4. Applies to astronauts landing on foreign territories.
Weather Modification
1. Activities to artificially influence weather, e.g., cloud seeding.
2. Legal status varies; not universally regulated in space law.
3. Potential environmental risks and ethical concerns.
4. International debate on sovereignty and liability issues.
Cosmos Case
1. Involves liability and environmental concerns due to space activities.
2. Addresses responsibilities of launching states for damages.
3. Relevant in discussions on pollution and space debris.
4. Highlights gaps in existing space laws for addressing environmental issues.
Space Debris
1. Refers to non-functional objects orbiting Earth, e.g., old satellites.
2. Poses collision risk for active satellites and space stations.
3. No specific treaty solely for space debris management.
4. Raises concerns for long-term sustainability of space activities.
