Table of contents

1. Executive summary
1.1 Executive Summary
2. Structural Design
2.0 Structural Design
2.1 External Configuration and View
2.2 Internal Arrangement
2.3 Construction Processes
2.4 CASSSC Storage Accommodation
2.5 Experiences provided to Guests
3. Operations and Infrastructure
3.1 Location and Material Sources for Construction
3.2 Community Infrastructure
3.3 Construction Machinery
3.4 Cargo Accessibility
3.5 Area Restrictions
4. Human Factors
4.0 Sunlight and natural views of Earth
4.1 Community Design
4.2 Residential Design
4.3 Safety Systems
4.4 CASSSC Interfaces and Volumes
4.5 In-Transit Visitor amenities
5. Automation Design and Services
5.1Automation of Construction processes
5.2 Facility Automation
5.3 Habitability and Community Automation
5.4 Logistics Inventory Tool
5.5 Automation for Guest Services
6. Schedule and Cost
7. Business development
 I.
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
In the new era of space exploration, the focus is shifting towards the new possibilities of
establishing and exploring human developments in space. With this thought in mind, we present
Cassandras, the epitome of efficiency, integrity, safety, comfort, science and technology,
aiming to establish the ultimate human settlement in space by 2081.Located in L2, Cassandras
combines stability with luxury, by providing all basic needs and much more, through enabling
earth-like conditions like optimum pressure, gravity, human residences, waste management,
communities and so on and so forth.

Cassandra’s unique structure will offer agricultural activities in low gravity (0.45g) and in 0.65
g, heavy industrial activities in 0.38g, light industrial activities in 0.65g and recreational
activities in a variety of gravity levels. A gravity of 0.65g will be induced in residential areas to
provides a proper earth-like environment. The 5 torii and the Asteri will ensure a life with ease to
6680 passengers and 2200 full time residents. The Ballast Tori arcadia and Astrid make This
unique structure will be constructed and maintained using sophisticated internal and external
construction robots. Asteri will act as the most unique feature of the settlement, by enabling
passengers to have a 180 degree view of the surroundings and earth, along with giving space for
various scientific explorations and amusement, to keep the passengers engaged.

We have used unique procedures to identify sources of materials and equipment that will be used
in construction and operations. Cassandra’s design shows elements of basic infrastructure
required for the activities of the settlement’s residents, including atmosphere/climate/weather
control, food production, electrical power generation, water management, household and
industrial solid waste management, internal and external communication systems, internal
transportation system(s), and day/night cycle provisions.

Cassandras have made safety the top priority of its inhabitants. To meet the human requirements
and human psychological requisites, the residences have been designed keeping in mind the
different lifestyles people may desire to follow. Residents living on the cassandras settlement
will enjoy a luxurious and comfortable life with all necessities provided to them as well as the
facilities for enjoyable recreational activities. The recreational activities, in the account for the
various g-levels have been designed to provide the in-transit, as well as permanent residents the
best of their stay.

Automation will serve humans and enable them to take a lap of luxury on Cassandras. Several
robots will be deployed on the settlement to cater each and every need of the passengers.
Culinary bots that can cook anything,anywhere, Medical and Police bots that can handle any
adverse situation with ease, transportation systems which handle your goods with utmost care,
PCDs which provide high end communication and controlling facilities at the tap of a finger, all
enhance the quality of life here at Cassandras. All of these robots are flawlessly maintained
through new age servers.
 II.
STRUCTURE
2.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

At the zenith of technological and astrophysical advancements, the Cassandras is the epitome of structural
stability, security, welfare of all the residents and transit passengers enabling them to make a lap of opulence.

2.1 EXTERNAL CONFIGURATION

2.1.1 External Design

✓ The Ballast Tori Astrid and Arcadia will play a key role in maintaining stability of the settlement and
supporting the smaller tori
✓ The Ballast Torus Astrid, which will be fully utilized for industrial activities will receive energy from
the fusion power generated by nuclear fusion reactor.
✓ The torii will have an outer layer made up of Electrochromic Lead glass to provide picturesque views
of Earth and Mars throughout the journey.
✓ For construction material refer to table 3.1.1

2.1.2 Sectional Configuration

Component Functionality Pressurization Rotation Artificial Gravity

rate
Nuclear Provide thrust for the N/A N/A N/A
settlement to travel
fusion through space.
Thrusters
Docking ports Allow room for ships N/A N/A N/A
carrying cargo/in transit
with storage passengers to dock and
excessive space to be
utilized by CASSSC
storage
Asteri Scientific exploration, Pressurized {0.6atm} N/A Variable g
recreation and
observatory
Ballast Torus Agriculture, light Pressurized{0.65atm} 1.3 RPM 0.65g
industry, residence,
Arcadia
 recreation, tertiary and
other activities
Torus Beta Agriculture, light Pressurized{0.65atm} 1.5 RPM 0.65g
industry, residence,
recreation, Tertiary and
other activities
Torus Agriculture, light Pressurized{0.65atm} 1.5 RPM 0.65g
industry, residence,
Gamma recreation, tertiary and
other activities
Torus Alpha Recreation, heavy Pressurized 1.5 RPM 0.45g
Industries and {0.65atm: human
agriculture manufacturing; 0atm:
Automated
Manufacturing}

Solar Panels Provide energy for N/A N/A N/A

various activities
including the external
construction of all the
tori except Ballast Torus
Arcadia
Docking Ports Allow room for ships N/A N/A N/A
carrying cargo/in transit
with passengers to dock and
CASSSC’s excessive space to be
utilized by CASSSC
storage
Central Accommodation of Unpressurised {except N/A Variable g
space elevator for the ball bearing
Cylinder transportation between interfaces}
torii
2.1.3 Dimensions of Major Structural Components

Component Dimensions
Asteri Radius: 50m

Torus Alpha Minor Radius: 86m

Major Radius: 179m
Ballast Torus Arcadia Minor Radius: 134m
Major Radius: 344m
Torus Beta Minor Radius: 89m
Major Radius: 258m
Torus Gamma Minor Radius: 89m
Major Radius: 258m
Ballast Torus Astrid Minor Radius: 90m
Major Radius: 339m
Central Cylinder Height: 1300m
Radius: 50m

2.1.4 Structural Interface between Rotating and Non-Rotating Surfaces

Providing a firm structural interface between the rotating (5 tori with Asteri) and non-rotating (central cylinder)
is essential for the stability and integrity of the structure. We intend to use ball bearings, made up of aluminum-
titanium alloys, to connect the tori with the central cylinder. We wish to use the concept of hybrid
diamagnetism to induce artificial gravity. Diamagnetism is a method to produce artificial. It requires magnets
with extremely powerful magnetic fields. Diamagnetic devices have the ability to produce up to 1g magnetic
field thus eliminating the need of rotational gravity on stationery down surfaces.

2.1.5 Interface at the Cassandras Outer Mold Line for 3 large fusion propulsion structures

The 3 fusion propelled thrusters would be provided by ‘fusion

Founders’, which would be attached to the central cylinder by the
construction bots

In case of any deviation from the imputed route, Automated

intervention would take place enabling the thrusters to rotate or shift
opposite to the desired route allowing efficient course correction. In
case automated intervention does not suffice human intervention will
take place through control rooms.

2.2 Internal Arrangements

2.2.1 Area Allocation

Total Surface area = 23550m2

Asteri
Down Surface area:2500m2

Area available for Recreation: 1250m2

Area for Scientific Exploration: 1250m2

Area available for observation (through the dome of Asteri

made up of glass, i.e. CSA of hemisphere): 15700m2

Vertical Clearance: 50m

Science Exploration Recreation

Total Surface area: 604936.4502m2

Torus alpha
Down Surface Area: 201645.486m2

Area available for Industry: 123525.088m2

Area available for Agriculture: 19528.618m2

Area available for Recreation: 58591.79m2

Vertical Clearance: 172m

Industry Agriculture Recreation

 Total Surface Area: 1820000m2
Ballast Torus Arcadia
Down Surface Area: 604936.45m2

Area available for Agriculture: 120987.29m2

Area available for Industry: 60493.645m2

Area available for Residence: 210503.4705m2

Area available for Tertiary sector activities: 90740.4675

Agriculture
Area available for Recreation: 121168.226m2
Industry
Residence Vertical Clearance: 268m

Tertiary Sector Activities

Recreation

Total Surface area: 907404.675m2

Torus Beta
Down Surface Area: 302468.225m2

Area available for Agriculture: 81926.496m 2

Area available for Industry: 61127.2m2

Area available for Residence: 97696.646m2

Area Available for Tertiary sector: 24,924.52m2

Agriculture Industry Area Available for Recreation: 35750.012 m2

Resindence Tertiary sector Vertical Clearance: 178m

Recreation

Total Surface area: 907404.675m2

Torus Gamma
Down Surface Area: 302468.225m2

Area available for Agriculture: 81926.496m 2

Area available for Industry: 61127.2m2

Area available for Residence: 92374.3435m2

Area Available for Tertiary sector: 30246.8225

Agriculture Industry Area Available for Recreation: 35750.012 m2

Resindence Tertiary sector Vertical Clearance: 178m
Recreation
 Total Surface Area: 1211762.601m2
Ballast Torus Astrid
Down Surface Area: 403920.967m2

Area available for Industry: 403920.967m2

Vertical Clearance: 180m

Note:

Dimensions of Mega CASSSCs forming the Outer Ring of

Ballast Torus Astrid (docking ports and CASSCS storage)

• Length: 90m
• Breadth: 90m
Industry
• Height: 180m
Number of CASSCs:2900

2.2.2 Total Area Distribution

Structural Residence Agriculture Industry Recreation Tertiary Others Volume of
Component (in m2) (in m2) (in m2) (in m2) Sector Storage
Activities (in m3)
(in m2)
Asteri - - - 1250 - 1250 -
Torus - 19528.608 123525.088 58591.79 - - -
Alpha
Ballast 210503.4705 120987.29 60493.645 121168.226 90740.4675
Torus
Arcadia
Torus Beta 97696.646 81926.496 61127.2 35750.012 24,924.52

Torus 92374.3435 81926.496 61127.2 35750.012 30246.8225

Gamma
Ballast - - 403920.967 - - - -
Torus
Astrid
CASSSC - - - - - - 17496000
Total 400574.46 304368.89 710194.1 252510 145911.81 1250 17496000
Area of 1,814,809.26m2 17496000
Settlement

2.3

2.3.1-Constructional Processes

The Cassandras initially would comprise of a single central cylinder with the interface for the 3 fusion propelled
thrusters. The construction bots would then prepare the ball bearings (acting as the main interface between
rotating and non-rotating sections) followed by the attachments for the Ballast torus Arcadia along with the solar
panels which will act as the primary source of energy for further construction. This would be succeeded by the
construction ballast torus Astrid, and torus alpha, beta and gamma.
 Stage-1 Stage-4
The construction will In this stage, the solar panel
initialise with the sheet around Ballast Torus
construction of the central Arcadia will be constructed
cylinder which will also for energy needs. This stage
include the fusion thrusters. will end with the completion
of Phase-1

Stage-2 Stage-5

The rotational and non- At this stage the torii

rotational interface, the ball construction would set in
bearing, and spokes for motion. The ball bearings
structural support, of ballast and spokes of all torii would
the Ballast Torus Arcadia be built to lay the way for
will be constructed. torii construction

Stage-3 Stage-6

Ballast Torus Arcadia will be This stage will involve core

built for initial residence, torii construction to end the
agriculture, industries and phase-2 of the processes of
most importantly to establish construction. This stage will
the solar panel for energy. also be the end of the
construction sequence.

2.3.2-Gravity Induction

The initiation of rotation, which will help in inducing artificial gravity, will be done with the help of ion
thrusters. These would intake energy from the solar panels created on the ballast torus arcadia and then
accelerate the ions. These would be present on all the torii.
2.4-CASSSC Storage Accommodation

The CASSSC Storage will be in the form of 12 Mega-CASSSC Storages (Fig 2.4.2). These Mega-CASSSC will
contain several smaller CASSSCs for categorization of possessions on different basis efficiently for the time of
the transit. The CASSSC Storage will be constructed collectively and connectively with the Ballast Torus
Astrid, therefore no attachment is needed between the structure and the CASSSC Storage.

Figure 2.4.1-Inside View Figure 2.4.2

2.5 Experiences provided to Guests

S.no Service Gravity Induced Location

1 Healthcare Services 0.65g Ballast Torus Arcadia, Torus
Beta, Torus Gamma
2 Educational Institutions 0.65g Ballast Torus Arcadia, Torus
Beta, Torus Gamma
3 Recreational Activities 0.65g, 0.16g, 0g (in Asteri) Ballast Torus Arcadia, Torus
Alpha, Torus Beta, Torus
Gamma, Asteri
4 Commercial Centers 0.65g Ballast Torus Arcadia, Torus
Beta, Torus Gamma
5 Fitness Services 0.65g Ballast Torus Arcadia, Torus
Beta, Torus Gamma
6 Hotels and Guest houses 0.65g Ballast Torus Arcadia, Torus
Beta, Torus Gamma
7 Museum 0.65g Ballast Torus Arcadia, Torus
Beta, Torus Gamma
The RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND ENTERTAINMENT FACILITIES provided to the guests include:

Low-g Play Places for Kids (under supervision of robotic staff and humans)
Museums to study the history of Earth.
Establishment of Religious Places
Planetarium which would comprise of shows to connect with vast expanse of universe
Maze Expedition in low g area would involve hopping over walls to find your way out.
Amusement Parks consisting of rides in micro g.
Settlement Tour with the help of Tour Ball
Zorbing in low-g settings would enhance the flight of the orb.
Trampoline park with trampoline on all six sides.
Space Walk
 III.
OPERATIONS
AND
INFRASTRUCTURE
 3.1 LOCATION AND MATERIAL SOURCES
3.1.1 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
S No. Materials Features Use Source

1. Silicon Debris protection, high Hull, Lunar surface, bucky

Buckystructures tensile strength, sound windows breakthroughs
transmission, adhesion,
electrical conductivity,
light refraction

2. Carbon Nanotubes High tensile strength, Solar panels, Earth, tubular

light, thermal space suits, technology
conductivity, highly space elevator
elastic
3. Stainless Steel Prevents corrosion, Hull, Earth
ductile, malleable, hard industrial
equipment
4. Polyimide Aerogels Durable, light weight, Windows Earth
flexible, foldable,
thermal insulation

5. Electrochromic Radiation shielding, Windows Earth

Lead Glass transparent, debris
protection
6. Aluminium Blast resistant, radiation Windows, Earth
Oxynitride resistant, varied optical Hull
transparency

7. Triangular trusses Protection of materials CASSSC’s Beam Builders Ltd.

in cargo

3.1.2 ORBITAL LOCATION

Cassandras will be at L2 point, i.e. 14,96,689.92 km from earth which is
exactly opposite to the sun. L2 point is ideal for Cassandras as it is close
enough to readily communicate with earth.

figure 3.1.2.1
3.1.3 MANEUVERING THRUSTERS
The thrusters are located at the bottom of the settlement (shown in figure 2.1.1.1). They work with the help
of fusion propulsion which could provide long term acceleration in space without the need to carry large
fuel supply. The fusion propulsion engines will be provided by our contractor Fusion Founders.
Table 3.1.3.1
 S No. THRUSTERS THRUST PER THRUSTER
(in pounds)

1. Thruster alpha 1.57 lb

2. Thruster beta 1.5 lb
3. Thruster gamma 1.5 lb
Total thrust 4.72 lb
3.2. Elements of Basic Infrastructure NAME PERCENTAGE BY VOLUME
3.2.1. Atmosphere & Climate Nitrogen 78.084
Table 3.2A - Air Composition (0.65 Oxygen 20.9476
atmospheres)
Argon 0.934
1% Air Composition Carbon Dioxide 0.0314
Methane 0.0002
21% Nitrogen Helium 0.000524
Krypton 0.000114
Oxygen
Hydrogen 0.00005
Other Xenon 0.0000087
78%

The atmospheric conditions will range from 10°C to 35°C which would be regulated by temperature
regulators.
The humidity can be changed by humidity controllers
We are using Stuff of Life contractor to provide the primary supply of air. Air and water are shipped in
sealed CASSSCs; air can be liquefied to reduce volume for shipping.
3.2.2. Food Production
The crops can be grown with their roots hanging out of Aeroponic system of growing plants. The nutrients
will have to be sprayed to the roots.
Table 3.2B imported/cultivated crops and temperatures
NAME OF THE CROP TEMPERATURE IMPORTED CROPS
Wheat 12°-25° C Apples
Rice 15°-27° C Coffee beans
Maize 15°-27° C Pears
Millets 20°-35° C Avocados
Pulses 20°-27° C Berries
Lentil 15°-25° C Potato
Oilseeds 15°-30° C Melons
Sugarcane 20°-35° C Anions
Tea 15°-35° C Cocoa Beans
Tomatoes 21-24°C Poultry animals will be reared
Table 3.2C Subcontractors for Agriculture
Garden-A-Go-Go Soil Solutions Bottom
Cleaners
The subcontractor Garden-A-Go-Go will The subcontractor soil The agricultural
manufacture portable hydroponic and Aeroponic solutions will help in waste will be
eco-systems. two crewmembers will be trained to conversion lunar and converted to
work the farm for one hour per day on average, asteroidal dirt to non- toilet papers by
mostly to harvest food for each day's meals, cull abrasive soil for agriculture. the subcontractor
dead matter, and check for pests and disease. The final product of waste Bottom Cleaners
Customers select either rabbit-based or chicken- product subcontractor will be
 based systems, which deliver grains, vegetables, used as nutrients for the
fruit, and meat (or meat and eggs). plants.

3.2.3. Electrical Power Generation

Table 3.2D Power distributions
Area Power distribution per day in kWh
Residential Area 3,00,000
Industrial Area 4,00,000
Commercial Area 1,00,000
Storage 20,000
Thrusters 5,00,000
Operations 3,50,000
Table 3.2E Subcontractors for Electricity
Fusion Founders ElectroProtect ZAP! Industries
We are using fusion founders’ The subcontractor The rest of the power will be
subcontractor for the production ElectroProtect will be generated and supplied through
of electricity. The contractors will providing a circuitry that solar energy produced with the help
be providing electricity to can withstand space of solar panels. The subcontractor
residential areas. The unit, environments and shielding ZAP! Industries will provide wire
weighing 200,000 pounds, or protective boxes for harnesses for distribution of
includes a 17-foot diameter components and circuits that electrical power, and fibre optics
sphere, its 80-foot-long cooling cannot be built to withstand systems for electronic signals on
"barn", and a support "shed". The local environments. spacecraft. A system for zero-g
system is shipped pre-assembled, manufacturing of solar cells from
and generates 10 MW, appropriate materials available in silicate
for non-industrial communities of asteroids will be there.
about 5000 people.

3.2.4. Water Management

Table 3.2F Distribution of Water
Area of consumption Amount of water per day (in kilolitres)
Residential 3000
Agricultural 2000
Industrial 4000
Commercial 1000
Table 3.2G Subcontractors for water management
Stuff of Life Clean Up Your Act Waste Products
The subcontractor The subcontractor Clean up your act will The subcontractor Waste products have
Stuff of Life will be recycle water from cleaning, kitchens, developed toilets and sewage handling
providing water from and agriculture, and deliver potable systems that work in reduced gravity, and
lunar materials. Water water back into space communities’ safe convert human waste to recycled water,
will be shipped in water supply. The company has an excellent fertilizer rich in phosphorus, and
sealed CASSSCs. agreement with Waste Products that it a source of carbon which will be used as
can install its infrastructure nutrients for agriculture.
simultaneously with installation of sewer
lines

3.2.5. Household and Industrial Solid Waste Management

Household waste:
 With the help of the subcontractor Toss it to me the The toilet and sewage waste will be treated with
household waste will recycle trash and garbage from the help of subcontractor Waste products. Waste
lunar and space habitations.ach customer must Products has developed toilets and sewage
allocate an interior area equivalent to 1% of the handling systems that work in reduced gravity, and
residential community’s land area for a building convert human waste to recycled water, excellent
where conversion processes occur, a similar area fertilizer rich in phosphorus, and a source of
outside the settlement for an unpressurized structure, carbon. The waste will be used as nutrients for
and a third area as a landfill. agriculture

Industrial Waste:
Non-biodegradable Hazardous waste cannot be stored
The biodegradable waste such as glass and and will be dumped on suitable
waste will be plastic will be reused asteroids and dumping grounds.
decomposed and used and recycled. Non- Otherwise, it will be treated with
as nutrients for renewable wastes such the help of ultrasonic methods after
agriculture. as metals will be used dissolving in water. It has proven
in industries. to reduce radioactive concentration
by 97.68%

3.2.6. Internal and External Communication Systems

Internal communication External communications:

PCD(personal computing device) will The subcontractor OrbitLink Communications will
be used to communicate personally. the provide a communication system to coordinate with
PCD are spherical chips attached to Earth. OrbitLink Communications has subsequently
each year which will present a developed standard equipment adaptable to any
hologram screen in front of you habitable space installation. The company has made
and the chips will have speakers so arrangements to place one of its antennas and
that privacy is maintained and the voice dedicated fibre optics links on every Foundation
is only heard by the user Society settlement.

3.2.7. Internal Transportation Systems

Table 3H Transportation
S. No. of Vehicle Dimensions Picture
No. People
1. 1 Hover board Wheel size: 6.5 inches Image 3.2A Hover board
with a handle Foot space: 8.5 inches
Width: 25 inches
Handle length: 50 inches

2. 2 Gyrosphere Radius: 1.25meter Image 3.2B Gyrosphere

Circumference of the
door: 2.5m
 3. 4 Float Hover Car The radius of 1 sphere: Image 3.2C Float Hover Car
1.5m

4. Public Hyper Loop Radius of Tube: 5m Image 3.2D Hyper Loop

Transport Length of 1 unit: 25m

5. Inter Torii Space lift Radius of tube: 3m Image 3.2E Space Lift
transport Length: in respect to the
distance between the torii

3.2.8. Day / Night Cycles

The sunlight will be there during the day and will be turned off at night. The subcontractor Mirror Image
makes mirrors from lunar materials that are used to reflect sunlight from crater rims into crater basins and
reflect sunlight into space settlements while allowing radiation to pass through. The mirrors would be
made rotatable. At night the mirrors would be rotated, and the light will no longer enter the torus. During
the day the sunlight will be allowed to reflect and enter the area.
Apart from that artificial sunlight will be provided. Artificial sunlight is the use of a light source to
simulate sunlight where the unique characteristics of sunlight are needed, but where sufficient natural
sunlight is unavailable or infeasible. A device used to simulate sunlight is a solar simulator. It will also be
used to grow crops. Artificial sunlight can be turned off manually whenever requires.
3.3 TOOLS FOR THE PRIMARY CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY:
3.3.1: TOOLS LIST-

S. No. Name Purpose Handling Designs

(Manual/Electronic/Robotic)

1) Nano-Bots They will do the work Robotic

of filling the gaps
between the molecules
so that, the machine is
made with precision
and minimize the
chances of faults or
cracks.
2) Construction-Bots They will help in the Robotic
internal as well as the
external construction
and maintenance of the
settlement.

3) Electronic Screw Driver, Tools programmed for Electronic

Drills, etc. fixing the joints, bolts
and jigs to provide
external strength.

4) High Intensity Lasers To be used for cutting Electronic

down and dividing
metals or other raw
materials to be used for
their resp. purposes.

5) Robotic Assembly These will help in the Robotic

Systems/Manufacturing final assembling of the
Units goods or machines,
ready to be transported
via cargoes.

6) Holographic Units/VR VR backpacks to be Manual

Systems used for making the 3D
and virtual designs
which will be easily
accessible.
7) Moldable Jigs To be used for joining Manual
structures and
providing stability and
strength.

3.3.2: DESIGNING-
We will be hiring the 3D Logistics sub-contractor to provide the 3D designs of the tools to be used for the
manufacturing, assembling and transportation of the primary machines, which will be used during the
construction of the settlement.
3.4 Warehouse at the space settlement
Warehouse storage will be provided to store the cargo of the residents or passengers in transit.
3.4.1 Warehouse location:
The CASSSC warehouse will be situated collectively attached to the docking ports and connected with the
Ballast Torus Astrid, therefore no attachment is needed between the structure and the CASSSC warehouse.
(refer to figure no. 2.1.1)
3.4.2 Warehouse storage area:
The CASSSC warehouse will be in the form of 12 Mega-CASSSC storages. This Mega-CASSSC will
contain several smaller CASSSCs for categorization of possessions on different basis efficiently for the
time of the transit. (refer to figure no. 2.4.1)
3.4.3 Automation in warehouse:
 All cargo containers will be QR coded. Every warehouse has ‘pilot robots’. As soon as the spaceship docks
on the docking port, the pilot robots will scan the QR code on the cargo container to know the cargo's
destination, date & time for onward journey, if any etc. the pilot robot will attach to the cargo container.
Thus the cargo container becomes an intelligent box, capable of moving anywhere across the warehouse.
And as a first move, the cargo container will move to the nearest warehouse. Depending on cargo’s onward
journey date and time, pilot robots will further move the cargo container to the departing docking port
warehouses.
3.4.4 Surveillance and security of the cargo:
All warehouses are fitted with camera surveillance 24x7 for security and safety of cargo in the event of
any accident ie. fire or cargo getting stuck enroute etc. (refer to figure no. 2.4.2)
The problem can be addressed/solved from the control room by maneuvering pilot robots. Access to the
warehouse is controlled and managed through an access/authorization control list to access the warehouse.
3.4.4.1 Access to warehouse:
Levels Users User type Access to Verificatio
n

Level 2 Everyone with Owner of cargo Owners can PCCD

O+ security etc. access their own Scan
clearance cargo only

Level 1 Everyone with Warehouse Emergency PCCD

T+ security staffers, fire staffers, Scan
clearance fighters, warehouse staff
emergency staff

3.5.1 RESTRICTED AREAS

S. No TOUR AREA SELF TOURED/ S. TOUR AREA SELF TOURED/

GUIDED/ VIEWED No. GUIDED/ VIEWED
GUIDED GUIDED
1. AGRICULTURAL Requires a TOURED 6. RECREATIONAL SELF- -
AREA guide PLACES (FOR GUIDED
CHILDREN)
2. INDUSTRIAL Requires a TOURED 7. GARDENS SELF- -
AREA guide (EXCEPT A GUIDED
FEW
RESTRICTED
PLACES)
3. CONTROL Requires a VIEWED 8. MONUMENTAL OPTIONAL TOURED
ROOMS (FOR guide STRUCTURES
EXTERIOR
OBSERVATION
ONLY)
4. MUSEUMS OPTIONAL TOURED 9. CINEMAS SELF- -
GUIDED

5. COMMUNITY SELF- OPTIONAL 10. CASINOS SELF- -

CENTRE GUIDED GUIDED
 IV.
HUMAN
FACTORS
4.0.1 SUNLIGHT AND VIEWS OF EARTH
Cassandras will have electrochromic lead glass for the settlements outside structure
so that anyone can see the view from any point

4.1 COMMUNITY DESIGN

Our community grants privacy and accessibility through our business canopy,
commercial centres, park, and residential areas. Park spaces passively separate the
permanent residents and visitors, while businessmen and women work in their own
their own level to assure a non-interrupted and lucrative environment. It will
provide a safe environment and Earth-like attributes to prevent any psychological
or physiological and health related problems. The settlement has been planned in
such a way to provide long lines of sight, natural sunlight, and views of space
outside for residents.

4.1.1 BASIC AMENITIES

Educational Institutions

Hospitals

Hotels

Entertainment

Residential Areas

Commercial center

Parks

1. RESIDENTIAL AREA:
There will be 3 categories of residential designs which include independent house,
flats, and hotels. Proper utilisation of space and comfort of residents will be
achieved through the state-of-art architecture of the houses.
HOUSE AND FLATS- The house have been thought of so that there is maximum utilisation of space and to
provide comfortable lifestyle to the population. The various types of house are listed in section 4.2
2. HOSPITAL:
• Health care of every resident is of utmost importance. The settlement will have around 3
hospitals (2 small and 1 main) .The main hospital will be present at the centre of the community.
• The PCD will sense the change in the pulse rate, respiration rate, body temperature of any
person in the settlement then their location will be detected by specialized robots. Then,
immediately the ambulance will be sent. The injured will transported to the hospital. While going
to the hospital the first aid will be provided by same specialized robots.
• It is equipped with a first aid box for providing immediate first aid such as gauzes, band-aids
but it is also programmed to provide oxygen supply and vaccination to the injured until they
reach the hospital
• It has an in-built CAT scan and X-Ray facility. It also has the capability to diagnose the
illnesses.
• The minor operations and injuries will be taken care of by the robots in the hospitals and
would be supervised by humans. Sensitive operations will be performed by professional human doctors
along with the robotic staff which includes the nurse and the assistant doctors.
• Trauma centres would be present in the 2 small hospitals, where human specialists would cater to the
psychological needs of the people present in the settlement.
3. PARKS:
Parks will be designed in such a way to provide aesthetic beauty along with peace and relaxation to adults, along
with entertainment to the children. It will have a hilly landscape with artificial streams of water running all over
its length, the walking paths, and swings for kids. It will also have kid-friendly art areas which will include a
variety of activities for them related to nature. A main park would be located centrally while there will be small
parks for every residential apartment and a backyard for all the villa type homes. In addition, parks would
provide holographic animals for psychological relaxation as well, as they subconsciously remind new visitors
and residents alike of Earth, enabling faster adaptation to the prospect of living in space, if needed.
4. EDUCATION:
Students across all age groups will be accommodated in 2 schools and 1 college:
• Primary School – for students below the age of 5 years and for students between the
ages of 5- 10 years.
• Secondary School – for students between the ages of 10 - 18 years.
• College- for students who are above the age of 18 years. The college will provide
courses for both degree and diploma.
• In the primary and secondary schools, professional human teachers would attend to
the children.
• Teaching in colleges would be primarily carried out by robots. It will be projected from holographic
projectors mounted on a robotic base unit or an individual student’s desks.
• There will also be a provision of E-learning for the purpose of clearing doubts.
• Regular interactive video conferences would be held with Earth such that the students are aware of all
happenings and can develop better thinking and reasoning skills.
• Apart from this, counselling and vocational training centres would be present to offer a wide variety of
occupations in space.
• Personalised teaching by the robots would take place in the residences of physically/visually/audibly
challenged, such that they receive special attention for education.
5. ENTERTAINMENT:
The residents will be provided with numerous opportunities to rejuvenate
themselves. The residents would have a plethora of fun and innovative games
at their disposal located in the lego inspired recreational castle, whenever they
feel a need for a break, a holiday or just a lift of spirits. Entertainments in low
g areas are:
1. Holographic Aquarium: Huge windows of a designated area can have
holograms above them to recreate the diverse world of aquatic animals which
includes starfish, sharks, jellyfish, dolphins etc which live in the oceans of
Earth.
2. Space Observatory: Taking advantage of the transparent glass windows of the Cassandras’ settlement, the
space observatory would be equipped with stationary telescopes along with seating arrangements. These
seats would have belts and straps such that a comfortable environment is created wherein the residents can
enjoy the view and perform research-related tasks.
 3. The Recreation Centres: Libraries serve the readers with a completely different reading experience, both
physical and digital. Malls are readily available for shopaholics. Foods of global cuisines are served in all
restaurants to accommodate all residents. Other perks of living in the Cassandras space settlement include
VR (Virtual Reality) Gaming, an Observatory built into the ADM, and 0-G games, and of course, trips to
the lunar surface.
4. The Karios community edifice: This is a three floored building and has casino, clubhouses, and
recreational games (includes small sports for people). This has been made for the people to enjoy at nights
after their working hours and during holiday.
Other sources of entertainment include:
4D Movies and Robot fight Low-g Play Places for Museums to study the Establishment of Religious
Casinos tournaments Kids (under supervision of history of Earth. Places
robotic staff and humans)
Spa and relax centres Mega Malls Planetarium which would Maze Expedition in low g Low-g drinking
to provide comprise of shows to area would involve hopping competitions which would
psychological connect with vast expanse over walls to find your way involve drinking the
relaxation. of universe out. floating liquids in the fastest
time possible
Amusement Parks Outdoor Gym for Zorbing in low-g settings Micro-gravity Discos and Trampoline park with
consisting of rides in physical fitness would enhance the flight of Restaurants, where people trampoline on all six sides.
micro g. the orb. dance and eat their food
while flying.
s
6. COMMERCIAL CENTERS:
The office areas and the government office are all going to be built in the commercial
centres. The offices will be constructed on an Activity-based work model. Here is a more
extensive list of all the different types of areas in an Activity-Based Work environment:

S.NO TYPES OF AREAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION

1. Open Office Areas These are areas of the office workspace that have a more traditional type of seating arrangement where
workers are seated very close to one another without any walls or cubicle barriers separating them.
Typically, instead of each worker having his or her own individual desk, they share entire long
workbenches.
2. Privacy Areas These are either small, enclosed, sound-proof booths or isolated quiet areas that allow a person to make
confidential or private phone calls. These booths or areas may also be used to hold discreet meetings
between two employees.
3. Quiet Focus Areas These are areas where people can concentrate deeply without distractions from others. The type of
setting can range from an isolated armchair to a tiny room that is sound-proof.

4. Meeting Areas These are areas where groups of people can meet to discuss anything they need to discuss.
5. Lounge Areas These are areas with very relaxed and cozy seating and will have such things as sofas, couches,
armchairs, pod seats, and coffee tables.
6. Café Areas These are areas where people can sit down to eat lunch or snacks. They are ideal places for people to
casually brainstorm new ideas, discuss the latest project, or run into old colleagues and find out what
they are currently up to.
7. DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM AND LAW AND ORDER:
A democratic system will be followed for maintaining peace amongst the torus residents, regular elections to appoint
the residential mayor will be held.
4.1.2 CONSUMABLES:

S.NO REQUIREMENT PER DAY TOTAL NET REQUIREMENT NET

PER PERSON RESIDENTS PER DAY REQUIREMENT
(INCLUDING (PER YEAR)
PASSENGERS)
WATER:
MALE 3.7 L 4484 16,950 L 6,055,350 L
FEMALE 2.7 L 4218 11,388 L 4,156,620 L
CHILDREN(UNDER 18) 1.7 L 178 303 L. 110, 595 L.
GRAND TOTAL – 10,322,565 L
WATER
NECESSARY ITEMS (WATER, ELECTRICITY)

OTHER ITEMS OF USAGE IN DAILY CHORES

ITEM QUANTITY PER PERSON PER NET RQUANTITY PER
YEAR YEAR
TISSUE PAPERS (PACKS) 10 88,800
SOAPS 15 1,32,000
TOOTHPASTES 5 44,000
COSMETICS (SETS) 7 61,600
KITCHEN APPLIANCES (UTENSILS, CHIMNEYS ETC.) 23 2,02,400
NUTRITIONAL ITEMS (EDIBLE/ DRINKABLE ITEMS) :

GRAINS, MEAT

ITEM NET REQUIREMENT PER PERSON PER YEAR NET REQUIREMENT PER YEAR.
WHEAT 91.25 kg 803,000 kg
RICE 68.9 kg 607,068 kg
BUTTER 3.36 kg 29,568 kg
CHEESE 1.4 kg 12,320 kg
CHICKEN 10.3 kg 90,640 kg
SEAFOOD(FISH, CRABS,etc) 8.3 kg (including all sorts of seafood) 73, 040 kg
PORK 31, 680 kg
LAMB
3.6 kg (Red Meat)
BEEF
PASTA 36,784 kg
SPAGHETTI s 4.18 kg (Combined)

BEVERAGES
ITEM QUANTITY PER PERSON PER YEAR NET QUANTITY PER YEAR.
TEA 25 kg 220,000 kg
MILK (litres) 292 L 25, 69,600 L
COFFEE 30 kg 264,000 kg
VEGETABLES

ITEM REQUIREMENT PER PERSON PER YEAR NET QUANTITY PER YEAR.

CARROT 6.4 kg 56,320 kg

LETTUCE 5.48 kg 48,224 kg
POTATOES 34.01 kg 2,99,289 kg
TOMATOES 10.03 kg 88,264 kg
ONIONS 14.7 kg 1,29,360 kg
BELL PEPPERS/ CAPSICUMS 5.28 kg 46,464 kg
OLIVES 5 kg 44,000 kg
SOYA BEANS 9 kg 79,200 kg
SWEET POTATO 3.2 kg 28,160 kg
PEAS 6 kg 52,800 kg
 FRUITS

ITEM REQUIREMENT PER PERSON PER YEAR NET QUANTITY PER YEAR
APPLES 9.6 kg 84,480 kg
ORANGES 7 kg 61,600 kg
PEACHES 0.9 kg 6,200 kg
GRAPES 5.4 kg 47,520 kg
STRAWBERRIES 1.54 kg 13,552 kg
BLUEBERRIES 0.7 kg 6,160 kg.
WATERMELONS 6.9 kg 60,720 kg
BANANAS 10.8 kg 95,040 kg
POMEGRANATE 2.7 kg 23,760 kg
PAPAYA 6.8 kg 58,840 kg
COCONUT 2.84 kg 24,992 kg
FURNITURE

ITEM NUMBER PER HOUSE PER YEAR NET REQUIREMENT PER YEAR

CHAIRS 6 52,800
TABLES 2 17,600
SOFA 4 35,200
MIRRORS 2 17,600
BEDS 3 26,400
LIGHTS (LED) 6 52,800
TELEVISIONS 2 17,600
CUPBOARDS 3 26,400
BOOK SHELVES 1 8,800
CLOCKS 4 35,200
4.1.3 DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS:

Production of
Rawmaterials,mining,agricultural
fields,etc

Sent to manufacturing
units

Produce from various industries-

chemical,textile,agro based,to be
stored in units

Hotels,restaurants and cafes

Residents

4.2.1 DEMOGRAPHICS

Permanent Residents: Passengers:

Married Adults - 65% 40%
Single Men - 18% 35%
 Single woman - 15% 23%

Children (under 18) - 2% 2%

4.2.2 RESENDETIAL DESIGN –

The houses have a Greek architecture with a modern touch to it and it has a cozy and earth like environment for
the residents to enjoy a relaxing lifestyle.

TYPE OF HOUSE AREA (approx) in sq ft DEMOGRAPHICS No. OF HOUSES TOTAL AREA ( in sq ft)
1bhk Apartment 1000 sq ft Single men or women 726 726,000 sq ft
2bhk Apartment 1300 sq ft Married couple 960 1,248,000 sq ft
without children
3bhk Individual 1600 sq ft Married couple with 1096 1,753,600 sq ft
house children
4bhk Individual 2000 sq ft Married couple with 368 736,000 sq ft
luxury house children

1bhk Apartment- This apartment is specially designed for single men or women and
it has a little patio which has a window on the top to have a view of the outer space.

2bhk Apartment- This tranquil apartment is specially designed for

married couple without children. It has several windows and patio to see
the captivating splendor of the environment outside.

3bhk House – This house is specially designed for married couple with
children it has a garden/ play area for children to play outdoor games
and they have a more earth like environment.

4bhk Luxury House- This house is for richer sections of the

community. Its lavish interior includes a poolside along with a library, for kids, it has a play area which has an
earth like environment with plants.
 4.2.3 STATEROOM DESIGN

STATEROOM 1- Specially designed for passengers which are single men or

women. It has a big window to see the captivating view of outer space.

STATEROOM 2- Specially designed for married couples without children

which has a nice little kitchen and dining area.

STATEROOM 3- This room is specially designed for married couple

with children

STATEROOM 4- This is a special luxury room with a balcony for

passengers who want to have an exciting view of outer space and comfy
inner environment.

4.3 (SAFETY SYSTEM)

1. Solar radiation is very harmful to human beings and other living organisms. Excessive exposure to the sun
is known to be associated with increased risks of various skin cancers, cataracts and other eye diseases, as
well as accelerated skin ageing. It may also adversely affect people’s ability to resist infectious diseases and
compromise the effectiveness of vaccination programmes.
2. For doors, walls and ceiling we can use a point which has a very high concentration of shielding material
with additives and blinders mixed with heavy metals which fall in the same category as lead. These
materials includes:
i. Tin
ii. Antimony
iii. Tungsten
iv. Bismuth
This can be coated above the standers latex paint.
3. Most of the harmful radiation enter through windows or glasses. To prevent that we need use EMF/RF
radiation films. These films prevent most of the radiation to pass through it. One major problem with
windows are that to seal them we need to add some cement unfortunately we can’t apply the shielding
 material there because it’s thick. So for that we can fill the gap between the windows and the cement with
silicon dipped in the shielding material which will also help in noise cancellation.
4. To ensure safety of the delivery of food items we can add a One Time Password feature. So in this an OTP
will be delivered to the person or the faculty receiving the food. They can only access the food by entering
the correct OTP given at that point of time. You can receive the OTP at any platform. The driver will also
be equipped with the GPS so that the person or the faculty receiving the food can track the vehicle
SPACESUIT DESIGN
Spacesuits will be made of lots of different layers that each protect the
passengers/in transit visitors and residents from a different aspect of the outside
environment. Only the innermost layer – known as the bladder – will be airtight. It
will be made of urethane – coated nylon that has machine – welded seams. The
gloves will be attached using airtight bearings that lock into place but still allow
the hand to be rotated. These use precisely machined aluminium and titanium
couplings with Teflon coatings for lubrication to prevent the metals cold –
wielding together in the vacuum of space. Passenger/residents also breathe pure
oxygen so the suit can be inflated with less than a third of normal atmospheric
pressure.
There are three ways to protect ourselves from radiation:

1. Keeping a distance from the source.

2. Minimizing the time of exposure of radiation.
3. Using shielding.

If particles have enough energy they simply pass through the spacesuit. So EVAs
are planned during low solar activity or they try to make the EVA short.

The cosmic radiation environment is fairly complex – it includes UV (ultraviolet),

x – rays and gamma rays. But the most significant radiation comes in the form of
particles – protons, electrons and high – energy helium atoms that have been
stripped of their electrons (also called helium nuclei or alpha radiation). Some of these can be shielding; others
can not

The lead apron a radiologist wears can weigh 10 – 15 kg, so lining the entire suit with this thickness of lead
would add at least 25 – 40 kg to a suit that is already bulky and heavy. The material of the suit itself attenuates
some of this radiation.

The remaining types of radiation are different kinds of atomic or subatomic particles. These are far and away the
most common and the most damaging types of radiation – they come mostly from the sun. Luckily, most of
them aren’t very penetrating (alpha particles, for example, can’t even punch through a sheet of paper). So the
great majority of this radiation is stopped by the ordinary construction of the suit and it isn’t a problem. The
little bit that is left is so energetic and so hard to shield that, as with gamma rays, it’s not worth trying to shield
against it. I should also point out that, in near – earth orbit, the Earth’s magnetic field provides very high levels
of protection against charged particles – they are more or less herded into the Van Allen radiation belts that
surround our planet.

4.4.1 (a)- INTERFACE

➢ Passengers who aspire to move to mars and settle there, will surely require several places where they could
easily store their personal possessions, in order to transport them to Mars
➢ These goods, however will not be accessible until they are delivered to Mars.
➢ These will hence, act as a very convenient medium for all the passengers, as they will no more have to
worry about their personal possessions
➢ All the containers will be boarded until the complete capacity is filled, hence it could carry goods of more
than 1 owner at a time, leading to easy and fast transport
➢ In such cases, all the goods will have stickers indicating the owner
➢ 3 types of containers (IN ASCENDING ORDER OF VOLUME): ARES, ATHENA AND HERMES

FEATURES OF ALL THE CONTAINERS (ARES, ATHENA AND HERMES)

 Each of the containers will have separate compartments to manage the goods, so that more goods could easily fit
in, without affecting the security

METAL BODY
Metal is comparatively robust and can be recycled and reused after 100 % UTILITY OF SPACE
being used and cleaned. A large number of products can be arranged on a pallet in such a way
A metal body, also contributes to the increased safety, as while that there is virtually no free space between them. The packaging can
transportaion via the space, these will not experience any damage, thus increase the degree of surface utilization to almost 100 %.
whereas materials like plastic could experience thease damages.

MAIN FEATURES OF THE CONTAINERS (INTERFACE)

MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION
PROTECTION AND LOCKING FUNCTIONS Warning symbols mark goods as HAZARDOUS, FRAGILE AND
Stable and dampening packaging materials protects goods from PERISHABLE and inform the deliverer on how to handle the product.
damage caused by impact, scratching, moisture, dirt and other Undamaged seals are a sign that the goods have not been opened and
influences. Heat-insulating materials maintain the edibility of have arrived complete to Mars. All the containers will also have
food (if any) and locked transport boxes protect against theft. identification cards of the companies/subcontractors, in order to avoid
confusion
4.4.1(b)
DELIVERY
The delivery of the containers will work on the principle of Semi- Automated technology:
1. SEMI- AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGY :
• As soon as these containers arrive on the surface of Mars, they will directly be transported to a
STORAGE STATION.
• From here, a conveyor belt will transport all the containers to the respective owners, either at their
workstation or their houses, leading to a lesser time consuming delivery
• The choice of delivery location has to made beforehand
• Only a maximum number of 80 containers will be placed on the conveyor belt at a time, in order to
avoid confusion.
• Order picker only has to take the goods from the conveyor belt
4.4.2 CONTAINERS- ARES, ATHENA AND HERMES
There will be 3 types of containers, in accordance to the requirement and relative sizes:
1. CONTAINER TYPE 1: ARES
• Volume= 512 ft3
• Target group (according to capacity): People who aspire to stow
maximum 1000 kg of goods.
• A specialty of the container will be the name of the Owner, that is
ARES
the company or any individual which owns it, will be mentioned to
NAME OF THE
8 feet avoid any sort of confusion.
COMPANY/OWNER
METAL BODY :
• Cost to rent: $ 35,000
-

2. CONTAINER TYPE 2: ATHENA:

- Volume= 1728 ft3
- Target group (according to capacity): People who aspire to stow maximum
ATHENA
3375 kg of goods.
- Cost to rent: $ 70,000
NAME OF THE
COMPANY/OWNER
 3. CONTAINER TYPE 3: HERMES
• Volume= 15625 ft3
- Target group (according to capacity): People who aspire to stow anywhere between
HERMES 5000 kg- 30,000 kg of goods.
- Cost to rent will also depend on the capacity as the margin of storable goods
NAME OF THE is very high:
25 Feet -5000- 10,000 kg= $ 95,000
COMPANY/OWN
ER: -12,000 kg- 25,000 kg= $107,500
-26,000 kg- 30,000 kg= $ 110,000

4.5 IN- TRANSIT VISITORS:

4.5.1 HOTELS:
• For accommodating
the stay of in-transit
passengers, facilities would
provide them with the best
of experience during their
visit. The hotels would
accommodate ecological
conditions for an earth-like
ambience. They would be in
place to access recreation,
tourism, and transport easily.
• The infrastructure of the hotel is marvellous with modern technology and entertainment facilities that
will provide a once in a lifetime experience. To provide security to the residents and guests, a security
unit will be employed and will be accompanied by bots. There will also be provisions to accommodate
over 5000 guests during high traffic times such as when the Foundation Society begins other major
projects in space and planetary settlements.
4.5.2 RECREATION ACTIVITY:
The settlement will offer recreational activities for the transit visitors too and provide opportunities for tourism
as well:
• Settlement tour: A tour of the settlement will be organized for the transit population. The visitors will be
using the Tour Ball for this purpose, wherein the programmed and interactive robot would acquaint the
people with the various facilities available in the settlement and their advantages
• Spacewalk: The residents will have the chance to venture out in the vast expanse of space through
spacewalks, with appropriate spacesuit protection for the same.
 V.
AUTOMATION
5.0

5.0.1-Servers used in Automation

Name of Server Function Specifications
Cassandras Temporary The temporary construction server 13.4 Zetta FLOPs, 256 pB, 4,000
Construction Server/Cassandras will be responsible for proper TB DDR7 RAM, 480 cores @ 128
Automation Control functioning of initial construction THz each/13.4 Zetta FLOPs, 1 EB
through control of Arachno-Bot and SSD, 4,000 TB DDR7 RAM, 480
Micro-Bot. cores @ 128 THz each
This server will be upgraded to a
robot control server to increase
utility and control all automation.

Cassandras Emergency and The main construction and 14.5 Zetta FLOPs,15 EB SSD, 4.0
Maintenance Server maintenance server will manage PB GDDR 9 RAM, 500 cores@ 6.2
structural repair and emergencies GHz each
and also passenger emergencies.
A separate server has been made for
swift maintenance and tackling of
emergencies.

Cassandras Communication and The communication and control 13.4 Zetta FLOPs, 13 EB SSD,
Control Server server will provide and conduct fast 4,000 TB DDR7 RAM, 480 cores
internal communication between @ 128 THz each
passengers and other servers along
with data access of passengers
through PCDs. It will also be
responsible for maintaining the
security levels.

Cassandras Agricultural and The agricultural and industrial 10 Teraflops clock rate, 10000TB
Industrial Server server will be responsible for storage, 162 racks, 2048 nodes/
monitoring all industrial and rack, 8 quad core processor
agricultural activities and long term each of clock speed 3.2GHz/
planning through monitoring data. processor.

5.0.2 Server Maintenance

Server maintenance will include Thermal maintenance,
Software and Hardware repair. For these purposes an all in
one maintenance bot-SmartBot(Fig 5.0.2.1) will be used. The
SmartBot is made up of titanium gold alloy to endure high
temperatures. The SmartBot would perform software and
hardware repair using its robotic arms which can also use
various tools through an inbuilt toolbox. It would have a core
consisting of a layer generator. This layer generator will
perform thermal maintenance by producing a non-conducting
solid layer which would act as a coolant.
Figure 5.0.2.1
5.1-Automotion for Construction

5.1.1-External Construction Bot:The Arachno-Bot

The Arachno-Bot(Fig 5.1.1.1) is an innovative, spider-inspired

external construction robot. The Arachno-Bot will be primarily
built of Titanium-Gold alloy with additional functional layers.
The Titanium Gold body will be coated with solidified
Norbornadiene which is a material with the ability to utilise
solar heat energy. This layer will be followed by a
thermoelectric layer which is made up of a combination of
iron, vanadium, tungsten and aluminium which will convert
the heat into electricity to power the robots using nanowires.
The hydraulic robotic arms will act as latches for various
construction tools (as shown in Fig 5.1.1.2 and Fig 5.1.1.3) to
carry out construction of the settlement.
Figure 5.1.1.1

Figure 5.1.1.2
Figure 5.1.1.3

5.1.2-Steps of External Construction

The construction will be carried out as follows:
The male lock and key jig plate(Fig 5.1.2.2)
will be attached to the female cylindrical jig plate. The 3D
printer provided by the subcontractor Large Print will print
components on large scale. The movement will be done by
segmenting the jig plate
(Fig 5.1.2.1 and Fig 5.1.2.3).

Figure 5.1.2.1

Figure 5.1.2.2 Figure 5.1.2.3

5.1.3 Interior Construction Bot:The Microbot

The Microbot(Fig 5.1.3.1) is a highly resourceful, small-sized, multipurpose bot custom built by the subcontractor
Nano solutions. Large number of Microbots will work together to carry out interior construction(as shown in Fig
5.1.3.2). The Microbot will be made up of Silicon Bucky Structures provided by the subcontractor
BuckyBreakthroughs for high tensile strength and durability. They will have magnetic ends for smooth movement.
The BRAIN will contain the sensors and cameras for 360° view. The Microbots will use machine learning to execute
steps using millions of micro robotic arms.
 Figure 5.1.3.1 Figure 5.1.3.2 Figure 5.1.4.1

5.1.4 Transportation of Materials

Transportation and delivery of material from CASSSC Storage to desired
locations will be carried out by PIGEON(Fig 5.1.4.2). The robot will be
made up of durable carbon fibre provided by the subcontractor Carbon
Creations to carry out light and even heavy cargo transportation. The
material will be protected by triangular trusses which will be provided by the
subcontractor called BeamBuilders Ltd. The material to be carried will be
loaded from the CASSSC with the help of conveyer belts or if the material is
magnetic an electromagnetic carrier will be used. There will be a scanner at
the front of the drone to scan and check the material for Figure 5.1.4.2
Confirmation before loading.

5.1.5 Human Control and Intervention

Humans will have full control over the construction activities through a temporary server attached for
communication and human control for initial construction stages. Although the construction would be automated,
humans may monitor and intervene. A 360 degree,3D view would be provided through various nano-cameras
attached on every end of the robots. Any intervention required can be carried out through the ControlConsole(Fig
5.1.5.1).The ControlConsole would be gyroscope enabled for full view and control of the robots. The view would be
present through virtual reality.

Figure 5.1.5.1

5.3: Enhancing the livability in the community.

5.3.1: Police robots; Gladiator
The Gladiator’s will ensure safety among all residents and passengers
of the Cassandras we have designed a hovering police robot which will
also act as a surveillance robot for ensuring security in the Cassandras.
(fig 5.3.1). When the construction finishes the Gladiators will scan the
torii and use in-built mapping systems to find routes from each point
to the nearest police stations.
Gladiators will be constantly surveilling the torii for suspicious
activities with 360-degree cameras and on detecting any such activity
committed by a resident the drone will project a hologram surround
system which will mislead the criminal. The person will feel like he is
running on his own desired route and will reach his desired location but
actually, the police drone will be escorting him to the nearest police
station where the human police officers can take over where they can
perform the necessary tasks. The materials used to create the Robocop
are carbon fiber and aluminum. The Carbon Fiber will be provided by
the subcontractor CARBON CREATIONS.
5.3.2: Cleaning robot; Hygiea
The Hygiea will ensure a hygienic and clean
environment. There will be cleaning bots in Cassandras
(as shown in fig 5.3.2). Hygiea will detach into 5 parts
when needed and they would perform different
functionalities to clean their surroundings. One would
mop the floor, and then two of the robots would have a
suction built around its wheels which will suck all the
particles from the ground and store all the garbage in its
body, while the other 2 bots will deodorize the
surroundings and give the final touches to ensure a clean
environment. When the sensors detect that there is no
need to detach and the cleaning task can be done without
detaching it will act as a single cleaning robot which will
be capable of cleaning with the abilities of all 5 bots
together. Such a cleaning robot will also be given to all
houses to maintain a clean environment in the house and
would work in the same manner to keep the household
clean. The same robots will also act as cleaning and
helping robots in the mess halls and restaurants where
they would dethatch into 5 parts while 2 will be cleaning
the surroundings in the kitchen while the other would be
collecting used cutlery from the tables with the help of
their hands and would store all this in their containers
and would empty them in the kitchen. Whenever the
sensors on the robots would notice that there is left over
food in the plates, it would refuse to take the plate from
the person and would repeat an automated message
whenever such a situation may occur “Please finish
those crumbles on that plate of yours it would be of a
great help to the environment. Hygiea will be
manufactured by BOTS4U.
5.3.3: Entertainment
To lighten up the mood after a hectic day of work, we have created several entertainment rooms all around the structure
(fig5.3.3). A person will be able to enjoy their favorite movies and series in first person view wherein they can choose
from the list of characters present in the movie and live their favorite movies through the eyes of the characters.

5.3.4: PCD
A personal computing device will be given to each person on
board. The PCD will be made up of 2 black circular fingerprint-
controlled chips which will be attached on the outer part of the
ear. This will have touch control; with a single tap a hologram
will be projected in front of the user’s eye. This will maintain
privacy as only the user will be able to view the hologram screen
in front of their eyes. The chip will also act as a speaker which
will deliver the entire audio straight inside your ear which will
ensure that only the user will be able to hear any audio from the
hologram. To ensure communication through the PCD, there will
also be a mic attached to the end of the chip which will capture
anything you say.
5.3.5: Culinary bots
There will be 2 culinary robots present in each
kitchen of all the restaurants in the Cassandra’s.
These culinary robots will be capable of cooking
all dishes in all 40 cuisines of the world. They
recipes would be added to their storage so that
consistency is maintained while the food is
cooked. The same robot will also be present in
each household kitchen programmed to meet all
the needs of the household from cooking dishes to
preparing snacks and pouring drinks to keeping the
kitchen clean and more will be done by the
culinary robot. The components will be provided
by the subcontractor Bots4U.

5.3.6: Home Automation

There will be machine learning built into all the systems of the
Cassandra’s, which would ensure in easy operations. The AI would
learn over time from your habits and would make improvements based
on its observations. It would learn at what time you sleep and what time
you wake up. During this time The AI system would clean the
household and wake up the person at the time they need when they get
up the news will already be on your favorite music will be playing and
your favorite breakfast will be prepared and the amount of hot water
you use on daily basis and prepare the needed things for the person to
freshen up. Then it would remind you how much time it would take to
travel to your desired location for the day and keep your mode of
transpiration charged up for you to travel to your office, school or any
other desired location. Then it would help you in your office work and
remind you to keep yourself hydrated and healthy by providing you the
necessary items while you work. At night it would get you your favorite
cuisine at dinner and help you sleep at night with soothing music and
monitoring your body heat and will adjust the cooling or heating
systems according to your comfort.
5.3.7: Pet-a-botTo control all the AI and other daily important features
there will be a pet which will be given to each person on their arrival.
They would be the hub of all personal activities which will occur in
your household and it will act as a companion for many and will play
with you and will accompany you to all places and will be able to
contact the authorities in any adverse situation.
5.3.8: Medical Bot : Demeter
To ensure quick response to all medical emergencies on board we
have created a hyper ceiling on the ceiling of the torii where in
there will be medical bots connected carrying all the necessary
medicine and equipment and cute little robot sitting in it which
will be programmed to respond with all types of medical
emergencies as shown in in the fig 5.3.8. This will have a lcd
display on top where it will show all the vitals of the human it
will attending to. It will have all medical equipment readily
available. With an oxygen and mask which will emit the oxygen.

Figure 5.3.9
Automation 5.2

Contingency Plan

Sl. Emergency Checks and alerts Contingency plan

1. Solar flare a) Constant automated threat assessment a) Auto Protection bot will trigger the solar
b) 12 hours prior warning to control room shield.
c) Kevlar used to protect external walls b) Evacuate all to safety by evacuation robots

2. Depressurization a) Constant automated pressure a) Repair robots in action

Settlement damage monitoring b) Restore pressure levels

3. Fire a) Constant automated surveillance a) Fire robots within 200 mts radius rush to
b) Automated control room alert fire site
b) Surround fire and sprinkle fire
extinguishing agent

4. Human accident Measures are taken to make entire a) Ambulance bot is a auto driven dedicated
settlement safe in every aspect however bot that can be called from PCCD
accidents could happen b) Once a patient is inside, it drives to the
nearest hospital

5. Power failure a) Constant automated surveillance a) Power backup robots activated

b) Automated control room alert b) Robots to supply alternate battery power

6. Network failure a) Constant automated surveillance a) Switch to alternate network path through
b) Automated control room alert software control/manual override

7. Virus threat a) Firewall & encryption used for a) Disconnect infected/haced systems
Data hack threat protection b) Clean virus thru antivirus and get systems
b) Constant automated threat assessment back online
c) Regular automated scheduled cloud c) Neutralize hack threat and get systems back
backup online

8. Data corruption a) Constant automated check for data a) Restore data from cloud backup
consistency.
b) Monitoring data integrity

9. Dock malfunction a) Programmed for self docking guided by a) Detach and attempt auto docking
sensors b) Allow manual docking
c) External robotics arms help in docking

10. Warehouse accidents a) Constant automated surveillance a) Repair robots in action

b) Automated control room alert upon b) Restore pressure levels
accident
Automated Bots

Sno. Bot Name Function Design

1. Rescue One Automated self flying robot which helps in

evacuation during emergency; will fly to
the nearest civilization. Each family has a
pod.
This cabin is fitted with essential supplies
to last about 30 days for 6 people.

2. Quick Fix-It Automated bot for repairing such as

leakages, broken joints, jammed doors,
and much more.

3. Fire Out Automated mobile bot which is hanging

from the ceiling at all times, moves on
railing ready to reach the nearest fire
emergency.
 4. Power Up It's like a power bank, during outage these
bots move to affected locations to power
up the location.

6. Ambulance bot Ambulance bot is a auto driven dedicated

bot that can be called from PCCD. Once a
patient is inside, it flies to the nearest
hospital

Security Access Authorization list

Levels Users User type Access to Verification

Level 3 Everyone with Z+ security Founders, Master control Retina and

clearance Commander etc. Modify all fingerprint
parameters/permissions

Level 2 Everyone with S+ security Scientists, Modules, automation, security, Fingerprint

clearance Engineers surveillance, data etc.

Level 1 Everyone with G+ security Residents Public databases, Home PCCD unique
clearance automation, communication individual code scan

Cassandras Control room

● On demand surveillance of any area of space settlement.

● To monitor autonomous systems and control robots
● A holographic display provides better control to zoom-in and
out of the photographic recording.
● Helps explore scene in detail
5.4 Logistics Inventory Tool:Finder-Ball

Each personal possession will be scanned before loading onto the

CASSSC and the Finder-Ball will be attached to the possession
through different modes based on the type of good. The Finder-
Ball(Fig 5.4.1) will be directly linked to each individual’s PCD in
order to make locating possessions after unloading on Mars efficient
and easy. The Finder-Ball will also make sure the possessions are
safe and secure and will start beeping if excessive pressure is applied
on the goods. This will help terminate any chance of damaging any
personal possession.
Figure 5.4.1
5.4.1 Location of CASSSC Storage
Each CASSC will be directly linked to the Finder-Ball inside it or even multiple Finder-Balls it is carrying. When
needed, the passenger renting the can access their luggage by the software given to the passengers on their PCD. The
procedure of access will be as follows:

Passenger demands Finder-Ball connects to The conveyer belt of the particular CASSSC
access through PCD app CASSC Storage software storage transports the goods to PIGEON

5.5 Automation for Guest Services

5.5.1:Tour Guide: DORA
The tour guide on the settlement will be a adorable, well-dressed,
family friendly robot called DORA(Fig 5.5.1.1). DORA will be in charge of all planetariums, holographic
aquariums, museums and full settlement tours. DORA will have holographic projectors and sensors as eyes. The
holograms will be used to carefully escort the guests will image understanding. DORA will be AI enabled and will
entertain and explain throughout the tour. For human-like communication
5.5.2 Low gravity supervisor and lifeguard: SAVIOUR
Low gravity guest activities will be supervised by SAVIOUR(Fig 5.5.2.1) throughout the duration. The SAVIOUR
will be driven by machine learning which would enable the sensors and scanners to detect any casual movement or
restricted movement which can lead to adverse outcomes efficiently. The SAVIOUR will then prevent the action to
be taken or if its to late it would save the human through its inflatable lifeguards.

Figure 5.5.2.1

Figure 5.5.2.2
 VI.
SCHEDULE
AND
COSTING
6.1: SCHEDULE

The CASSANDRAS settlement (in its entirety) will be handed over to the Foundation Society members on
7 May 2081, from when the members would be allowed to begin occupancy and residency in the
settlement. Inauguration of the houses will take place on 1st March 2081, once all the necessary
resources of the residents will be transported in its entirety. The major designing and construction of
the settlement will start in the year 2068 and will be completed in a 12 year and 5-month duration. The
Gantt chart below, shows the schedules of construction and designing activities:
6.2: COSTING

6.2.1: INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION

UNIT QUANTITY UNIT COST ($) TOTAL COST ($)

Hospitals 3(2 small + 1 main) 1,500,000 + 3,000,000$ 6,000,000$
Educational centre 1 5,000,000$ 5,000,000$
Hotel 10 3,000,000$ 30,000,000$
Offices 1 7,000,000$ 7,000,000$
Recreational centres 5 2,000,000$ 10,000,000$
Eateries 10 1,000,000$ 10,000,000$

TOTAL COST 68,000,000$

6.2.2: SALARY OF EMPLOYEES

EMPLOYEES NUMBER ANNUAL SALARY ($) YEARS OF TOTAL SALARY

SERVICES
Researchers 100 500,000$ 13years 650,000,000$
Technicians 100 300,000$ 13years 390,000,000$
Architects 75 400,000$ 6years 180,000,000$
Engineers 70 350,000$ 13years 318,500,000$
Scientists 50 500,000$ 13years 325,000,000$
TOTAL SALARY 1,863,500,000$
6.2.3: MAINTENANCE COST

MAINTENANCE COST ($)

Maintenance of Interior Infrastructure 2,000,000,000$
Maintenance of Exterior Infrastructure 3,000,000,000$
Maintenance of Automation Services 5,000,000,000$
Maintenance of Communication Services 2,000,000,000$
TOTAL 12,000,000,000$
6.2.4: OPERATIONS

SYSTEMS TOTAL COST ($)

Power Management 300,000,000$
Waste management 200,000,000$
Water management 800,000,000$
Food production 150,000,000$
TOTAL 1,450,000,000$
6.2.5: MATERIAL COSTING

MATERIAL COST ($)

Silicon 767,000$
Carbon Nanotubes 195,000,000$
Stainless Steel 68,000,000$
Polyimide Aerogels 365,000$
Electrochromic Lead Glass 6,600,000$
Aluminum Oxynitride 500,000,000$
Norbornadiene 8,000,000$

Total cost 778,732,000$

6.2.6: AUTOMATION SERVICES

ROBOT QUANTITY PER UNIT COST ($) TOTAL COST ($)

Gladiator 300 300,000$ 90,000,000$
Cleaning (Hygiea) 3500 30,000$ 105,000,000$
Culinary 3600 20,000$ 72,000,000$
PET-A-BOT 9000 10,000$ 90,000,000$
PCD 10,000 2000$ 200,000,000$
Medical (Demeter) 300 10,000$ 3,000,000$
Smart Bot 40 40,000$ 160,000$
Archno Bot 80 4,000,000$ 320,000,000$
Micro Bot 100,000 2,000$ 200,000,000$
PIGEON 500 40,000$ 20,000,000$
Finder Ball 9000 5,000$ 45,000,000$
DORA 100 20,000$ 2,000,000$
SAVIOUR 60 30,000$ 1,800,000$
Rescue One 1500 1,000,000$ 1,500,000,000$
Quick Fix-It 200 200,000$ 40,000,000$
Fire Out 200 150,000$ 30,000,000$
Power Up 200 250,000$ 50,000,000$
Ambulance bot 200 300,000$ 60,000,000$
TOTAL COST 2,900,000,000$

6.2.7: COSTING OF AUTOMATION MATERIAL

ROBOTS MATERIAL VOLUME (cm3) Total Cost ($)

Hygiea, Culinary Bot, Titanium Aluminium Alloy 1400+1200+2500 1,020$

Demeter

PIGEON, Micro Bot, Carbon Fibre 6280+220+500+300+2200 190$

Gladiator, Pet-A-Bot,
Ambulance Bot.

PCD, Pet-A-Bot AGAR 60+100 16$

CULINARY BOT, Stainless Steel 400+200+300 10$

DEMETER, HYGIEA

Smart BOT, Titanium Gold Alloy 850+300,000+680+1200+1600 1,217,320$

ARACHNO bot,
Rescue One, Quick Fix
It, Power Up

Arachno Bot Combination of tungsten, 8000 2400$

vanadium, iron, and
aluminium

TOTAL COST 1,220,956$

NOTE: The volume will include the material used in each BOT of each category and the total cost is the total
amount used in each bot.

TOTAL COSTING:

INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION 68,000,000$

SALARY OF EMPLOYEES 1,863,500,000$

MAINTAINCE COST 12,000,000,000$

OPERATIONS 1,450,000,000$

MATERIAL COSTING 778,732,000$

AUTOMATAION SERVICE 2,900,000,000$

AUTOMATION MATERIAL 1,220,956$

TOTAL COSTING 35,900,500,956$

 VII.
BUSINESS
DEVELOPMENT
7.1

We at Cassandras understand the importance of expeditious and implicit transport which can enable potent
business and commerce. For that we have provided various facilities to meet the practicalities and needs at a
higher level.
7.1.1-Transport Docking and Ports(Refer Fig 2.4.2)

On Cassandras there would be 48 rotational ports for multiple docking with high efficiency and increased
transport incorporating all traffic. These ports will be adjustable according to the size of the shuttle docking.
These adjustable ports will also enable pressurization to be flawless through the airlocks provided at each port.

7.1.2-Facilities Available to Ships

The different fuels used such asargon, xénon, krypton, radon will be stored in different tanks which will have
appropriate temperatures. These tankswill have the ability to change their colour (red to green, similar to earth)
according to the level of fuel stored inthem. As the fuel depot changes its colour to red, the autonomous system
will refill it immediately by extendablehosepipes.

Tugs will assist the visiting ships in entering the port. Once the ships are in close proximity to the settlement, the
extendable arms of the tugs will attach to the ship and guide it to the port.

To ensure maintenance and repair are available to all the incoming and outgoing spaceships, Microbots (Refer
5.1.3) will be deployed on each port. These Microbots, due to their flexible nature, will be able to carry out all
kinds of repair required.

7.1.3-Cargo and Passenger Procedures

The CASSSC Storage is present at extremely close proximity to the docking ports for highly efficient cargo
storage. The docking of cargo ships would take place according to vacant cargo space in mega CASSSCs. As
soon as the cargo arrives for commercial purposes, the Finder-Ball will be attached to the cargo. This will
enable proper location and transport to and from Mars and Earth once it has reached the CASSSCs

The passengers will have to go through an entire body check-up and also security checks like retina scan and
fingerprint scan. If any person is identified having any communicable disease, then he will be immediately
dressed in aquarantine suit byDemetor. They will then be taken to the quarantine unit ensuring that the other
passengers are notaffected by that disease.

Note: Before entering into the main settlement and CASSSC Storage both passengers and cargo would go
through a dust mitigation tunnel which will have super force vacuums

7.2 Cassandras Accommodation for Passengers

7.2.1 Transfer and Adaptations of Passengers from 0g to Artificial Gravity Environment

The Cassandras passenger terminal will enable quick, efficient and convenient transfer between 0g atmosphere
and Artificial Gravity Environment. After safe entry into the torii via the airlocks, the people would be
thoroughly examined by the medical bot [Refer to fig 5.3.8].

Exercise/ Medication Coordinator Steps Involved Impact on the body

Breathing Exercises Medic Bot Pranayam [which broadly Help in combating
involves inhalation and cardiovascular issues
exhalation] Regulate breathing rate
Provide mental peace,
thus helping in
rejuvenating the
passengers after the long
and exhausting journey

Cycling, jogging and - Cycling on either Help in recovering from

brisk walking stationary bikes, or muscle loss
normal ones Regulate breathing rate
 Jogging and brisk Provide mental peace,
walking in the specially thus helping in
dedicated area [aroma rejuvenating the
centers located in Torus passengers after the long
Beta and Gamma] and exhausting journey
Combat dizziness
Vertigo Exercises Medic Bot The steps [like Help in stabilizing the
concentrating on an vestibular systems, which
object] would be helps us maintain our
displayed on the front equilibrium and work
screen of the bot against the gravitational
Its full body scanner will force
assess the persons
condition and recommend
accordingly

Note: All the above activities would take place in Tori Beta aand Gamma

At Cassandras, for post flight recovery, we would majorly rely on exercises, rather than medication as
‘Exercises are the key medical countermeasures for such problems’

The 2 categories of people who will be subjected to 14 days Institutional quarantine in the chambers near the
docking ports include:

✓ Disease Ridden Population: The ones suffering from contagious(viral) diseases would be sent to one
section in order to prevent the spread of the same
✓ The ones with abnormally weak immune system: 0g travelling has a negative impact on ones immune
system. Thus, the critical cases will have to follow a strict hygiene procedure. They would be isolated
from other people of the settlement to avoid contact wih anyone who is unwell.

7.2.2 Amenities to keep Passengers Engaged

We at Cassandras will make our best possible efforts to keep our passengers engaged and entertained during the
80 day transit to Mars.

The following chart aptly illustrates how the passengers would spend their 80 days on board:
Note:

✓ At Cassandras, we would encourage social gatherings during the festive seasons, so that we humans are
able to retain the essence of sociality and humanity even in the world of technology
✓ In the last activity, we intend to simulate some errors (taking into account the safety of other
passengers) in the settlement, which would be resolved/ repaired by the adult passengers. This will help
them get an insight as to how the maintenance work takes place in space.

7.3-Procedure for Unloading Cargo to CASSSCs

The following procedure would take place to ensure docking of cargo takes place at one particular point only
without much transport. The same procedure would be reversed to access cargo for transportation purposes to
Earth and Mars. The settlement would decelerate around Earth and Mars to allow Transport ships to travel to
and fro.

Unloading of Cargo would take The Rotational Axis of the rotational docking ports
place at the docking ports after will consist of small space lifts to transport the cargo
airlocking is completed to the mega CASSSCs below(Refer to 2.4)

For cargo access inside the

After the Finder-Balls are attached, an elaborate
settlement after the storage is
system of conveyer belts will transport the cargo
completed the procedure in
to vacant CASSSCs inside the Mega CASSSCs
5.4.1would be followed
 VIII.
APPENDICES
 Appendix A: Operational Scenario:
Marco, a doctor in the hospital located in Torus Beta, happily devours the popcorn provided
by the robots during the ostentatious Space Olympics in the Epitome Stadium. The
scintillating game viewed by his 5x goggles has made the experience unforgettable. Life in
Cassandras has never been better before. As he checks his PCD on his ear, he is perpetually
acquainted with his heart rates, breathing rates to maintain a check on his health. He uses
the holographic projections, facilitating three dimensional communications with his wife. He
boards the train and enters the location where he has to go.
On the other hand, Sarah, being the head of the teaching department, smoothly cruising
around the educational institutions. She supervises the working of other teachers, who
perfectly execute their tasks and the teach senior students with utmost diligence in the
controlled environment.
Day and Night Cycle:
The sunlight will be there during the day and will be turned off at night. The subcontractor
Mirror Image makes mirrors from lunar materials that are used to reflect sunlight from crater
rims into crater basins, and reflect sunlight into space settlements while allowing radiation to
pass through. The mirrors would be made rotatable. At night the mirrors would be rotated and
the light will no longer enter the torus. During the day the sunlight will be allowed to reflect
and enter the area.

Apart from that artificial sunlight will be provided. Artificial sunlight is the use of a light
source to simulate sunlight where the unique characteristics of sunlight are needed, but where
sufficient natural sunlight is unavailable or infeasible. A device used to simulate sunlight is a
solar simulator. It will also be used to grow crops. Artificial sunlight can be turned off
manually whenever requires.

Seasons and Temperature Regulation:

TEMPERATURE The atmospheric conditions will range from 10 C to 35 C which would be regulated by
temperature regulators. The temperature will be maintained in accordance to the seasons on
the earth.
HUMIDITY The humidity can be changed by humidity controllers
RAIN Sprinklers would be used to give the effect of rain.

MONTHS TEMPERATU HUMIDITY CHARACTERISTICS

RE
Summers April – June 30°C - 35°C Moderate High temperature
Winters October - 10°C - 15°C Low Low temperature with snow. (Very
December rarely )
Monsoon July - September 20°C - 30°C Very high High humidity with rain through
sprinklers.
Spring January - March 20°C - 24°C Low - Pleasant weather
moderate
A sub tropical climate will be maintained. It can hence be characterized with hot and humid
summers and mild to cold winter with a prolonged monsoon and pleasant spring
Apendix B-Bibliography:
STRUCTUAL DESIGN:
• https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/fs21grc.html
• https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronau
ts/An_astronaut_returns_to_Earth
• https://www.artificial-gravity.com/sw/SpinCalc/
OPERATIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE:
• https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/list-of-major-crops-and-required-
geoclimatic-condition-across-the-world-1488802282-1
• https://www.physlink.com/reference/aircomposition.cfm
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24762699/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_sunlight#:~:text=Artificial%20sunlight%20is
%20the%20use,sunlight%20is%20a%20solar%20simulator
HUMAN FACTORS:
• www.floorplanner.com
• www.nasa.gov
• www.herox.com/crowdsourcing-news/705-inside-the-spacesuit-of-future
• www.azon.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=9670
AUTOMATION:
• www.blender.org
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211285519305725
• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/3D_printing_in_construction