Training Report On
Internet Of Things (IOT)
Industry Internship – II (SI CS 706)
(Duration: 01s Aug 2024 to 31s Aug 2024)
Submitted in partial fulfillment
Of the requirement for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in
Computer Science & Engineering
Submitted To
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Techno College of Engineering Agartala
Maheshkhola, Agartala, Tripura (W) 799004
Submitted By
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Techno College of Engineering Agartala
Name – Juiee Debnath
Tu Roll No – 216704031
Registration No – 020678 of 2021
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Techno College of Engineering Agartala
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report entitled “Laser Security System”, submitted by Juiee
Debnath (Roll No: 216704031) to Techno College of Engineering Agartala, Department of
Computer Science & Engineering, is a bonafide project work carried out under my
supervision.
I consider it worthy of consideration for the partial fulfillment of the B.Tech degree
Requirements.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Certificate of Internship
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Techno College of Engineering Agartala for
Providing the opportunity to undertake this project. My heartfelt thanks to Mrs. Purbani
Kar, Head of the Department, Computer Science & Engineering, for her constant support
and Encouragement.
I am deeply grateful to Dr. Shirsendu Das, Training & Placement Officer, and Ms. Arijita
Bhowmik and Ms. Shriya Chakraborty, Training & Placement Faculty Coordinators, for
Their invaluable guidance and assistance throughout the project.
Special thanks to the team at Tool Room & Training Center, Guwahati, Ministry of MSME,
Agartala, Government of India for their support and mentorship during my internship.
Juiee Debnath
Tu Roll No: 216704031
TU Reg no: 020678 of 2021-25
7th Sem CSE, B.Tech
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Techno College of Engineering Agartala
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
PREFACE
This report details my internship experience at the Tool Room & Training Center,
Guwahati,Ministry of MSME, Agartala, Government of India. The internship provided me
with invaluable practical experience in the field of computer science and engineering,
allowing me to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world projects. Through hands-on tasks
and collaborative projects, I developed essential skills in software development, problem-
solving, and industry best practices.
This internship not only enhanced my technical abilities but also improved my
understanding of workplace dynamics and professional communication. The experience
has significantly Contributed to my person.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this internship were as follows:
1. To provide exposure to professional environments and industry standards.
2. To develop and refine technical and managerial skills.
3. To understand and utilize emerging technologies in software development.
4. To apply theoretical knowledge to solve real-world challenges.
5. To enhance technical documentation and reporting skills.
6. To gain insight into workplace ethics, teamwork, and responsibilities.
These objectives were achieved through structured tasks, collaborative projects, and
engagement with industry professionals.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
1.1 Overview of the Laser Security System
1.2 Relevance of the Laser Security System
1.3 Objectives of the Internship
2 . Tools and Technologies Used
2.1 Arduino Microcontroller
2.2 Laser Module and Sensor
2.3 LED Indicators and Piezo Buzzer
2.4 Breadboards and Wires
2.5 USB Cable and Programming Tools
2.6 Supporting Tools
3. Workflow and Process with Algorithm
3.1 Pre-Production: Planning and Design
3.2 Production: Assembly and Integration
3.3 Post-Production: Programming and Optimization
3.4 Algorithm
3.5 Code Implementation
4. Role of Laser Security Systems in Modern Applications
4.1 Enhancing Safety and Security
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
4.2 Adaptability Across Various Industries
4.3 Advancing Technological Accessibility
5. Challenges and Solutions
5.1 Managing Time Constraints During Development
5.2 Resolving Hardware and Software Integration Issues
5.3 Overcoming Coding Errors and Optimizing Performance
6. Industry Practices in Security Systems
6.1 Trends in Low-Cost Security Solutions
6.2 Effective Use of Microcontrollers and Sensors
6.3 Case Studies of Innovative Security Applications
7. Key Learnings and Outcomes
7.1 Gaining Proficiency in Arduino Programming
7.2 Strengthening Collaboration and Problem-Solving Skills
7.3 Practical Experience in Security System Development
8. Use Cases of Laser Security Systems
8.1 Residential Security Applications
8.2 Commercial and Industrial Safeguards
8.3 Integration with Smart Technologies
9. Conclusion
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1. Introduction
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected devices that communicate
and share data with one another and with users via the internet. These devices can range
from common household appliances to advanced industrial machinery, enabling seamless
automation and integration across various sectors of daily life and business. IoT enhances
efficiency, supports better decision-making, and fosters innovative solutions by utilizing
real-time data and intelligent connectivity.
1.1 Overview of the Laser Security System
The Laser Security System represents a modern and economical method for enhancing
security through the use of laser technology and Arduino-based microcontrollers. This
system operates by employing a laser beam as a virtual barrier, which, when disrupted,
activates an alarm to notify users of unauthorized access. Designed to be straightforward
and efficient, the setup includes components such as a laser module, sensor, LED
indicators, and a buzzer. This innovative solution is tailored to improve security in a variety
of environments, including residential, commercial, and industrial spaces, offering users a
customizable and affordable alternative to traditional security systems.
1.2 Significance of the Laser Security System
With the growing need for robust security solutions in an increasingly uncertain world,
safeguarding personal and professional spaces has become a top priority. However,
conventional security systems often involve significant costs and complicated
installations, making them less accessible for many users. The Laser Security System
tackles these challenges by providing an inexpensive, easy-to-install alternative that can be
deployed in diverse settings. From securing homes and offices to protecting critical areas in
warehouses and laboratories, this system offers versatile applications. Its reliance on
widely available components and its adaptable design make it an appealing choice for
individuals and small businesses looking for effective yet affordable security solutions.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1.3 Objectives of the Internship
The main objectives of the internship were as follows:
1. To acquire practical experience in designing and building a functional Laser Security
System utilizing Arduino and related components.
2. To deepen knowledge of microcontroller programming and electronic circuit design.
3. To develop hands-on skills in diagnosing and improving hardware and software
configurations.
4. To prepare detailed documentation of the project, highlighting its development,
operation, and potential applications.
5. To contribute to the advancement of affordable security systems by presenting a
prototype that is both accessible and efficient for diverse users.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
2. Tools and Technologies Used
2.1 Arduino Microcontroller
The Arduino microcontroller functioned as the core component of the Laser Security
System, managing communication among the various hardware elements. Its open-source
design and user-friendly programming interface made it a suitable choice for implementing
the system’s functionality effectively.
2.2 Laser Module and Sensor
The laser module and sensor formed the backbone of the tripwire mechanism. The laser
module projected a focused beam, while the sensor monitored the beam’s continuity. Any
interruption triggered the alarm, ensuring precise and dependable operation critical for
security purposes.
2.3 LED Indicators and Piezo Buzzer
LED indicators and a piezo buzzer were incorporated to deliver visual and auditory
notifications. The LEDs signaled the system’s operational status, while the buzzer emitted
an alarm when the laser beam was disrupted. Together, these components provided
immediate alerts to potential breaches.
2.4 Breadboards and Wires
Breadboards and connecting wires facilitated the assembly of the system without requiring
soldering. Their modular structure allowed for easy modifications and troubleshooting
during the development phase.
2.5 USB Cable and Programming Environment
A USB cable connected the Arduino board to a computer for programming purposes. The
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) was used to write and upload the code
that controlled the system’s operations.
2.6 Additional Tools
Other essential tools included sticky tape for component placement, a computer for
coding, and online resources for guidance and troubleshooting. These supplementary tools
contributed to a seamless development process, enabling the resolution of technical
challenges efficiently.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
3. Workflow and Process with Algorithm
3.1 Pre-Production: Planning and Design
The pre-production phase established the foundation for developing the Laser Security
System. Key activities included:
• Concept Development: The idea of creating a cost-effective security solution was
conceptualized by a team member.
• Component Selection: Required hardware components were identified, including the
Arduino, laser module, laser sensor, LEDs, piezo buzzer, breadboards, and connecting
wires.
• Research and Blueprinting: Compatibility between the components and Arduino was
analyzed, and circuit diagrams were created to visualize the setup.
• Code Strategy: The primary functionality—detecting laser beam interruptions and
triggering alarms—was outlined to guide software development.
3.2 Production: Assembly and Integration
During the production phase, the system was assembled and integrated:
• Hardware Setup: The laser module and sensor were aligned on breadboards and
connected to the Arduino, alongside the buzzer and LEDs for feedback.
• Validation of Connections: The pin mappings were verified to ensure accurate
connectivity and functionality.
• Initial Testing: Iterative testing ensured proper interaction between hardware
components and validated system integrity.
3.3 Post-Production: Programming and Optimization
Programming and refinement played a critical role in ensuring smooth functionality:
• Code Implementation: The Arduino IDE was used to program the system,
specifying responses to laser beam interruptions.
• Debugging: Collaborative efforts were made to identify and resolve coding
issues for seamless operation.
• Performance Tuning: Techniques such as optimizing delays were applied to
enhance the system’s responsiveness.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
• System Testing: Comprehensive testing validated the reliability and
functionality of the complete system.
3.4 Algorithm
The operational algorithm for the Laser Security System is as follows:
• Initialization:
• Configure pins for the LED, laser module, laser sensor, and buzzer.
• Set the initial state of the laser sensor to HIGH (indicating no obstruction).
• Laser Activation:
• Power on the laser module to create a continuous tripwire beam.
• Monitoring Loop:
• Continuously monitor the state of the laser sensor.
• If the sensor detects an interruption (LOW):
• Activate the LED.
• Initiate the alarm sequence.
• If no interruption is detected:
• Keep the LED off.
• Alarm Sequence:
• Trigger a delay for reset or deactivation, if necessary.
• Generate repetitive alarm tones using the buzzer.
• Repeat Process:
• Continuously monitor the sensor state and repeat the steps for consistent
operation.
3.5 Code Implementation
Below is the complete Arduino code used in the project:
Listing 3.1: Arduino Code for Laser Security System
#define NOTE_F6 1397
#define NOTE_G4 392
Const int LED = 13;
Const int LaserSensor = 2;
Int SensorReading = HIGH;
Const int Laser = 12;
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Const int alarmSpeaker = 7;
Void setup() {
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Laser, OUTPUT);
pinMode(alarmSpeaker, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LaserSensor, INPUT);
Void alarmTone() {
Tone(alarmSpeaker, NOTE_F6, 400);
Delay(100);
Tone(alarmSpeaker, NOTE_G4, 400);
Delay(100);
Void alarm() {
Delay(3000);
For(int I = 0; I < 50; i++) {
alarmTone();
Void loop() {
digitalWrite(Laser, HIGH);
delay(200);
SensorReading = digitalRead(LaserSensor);
digitalWrite(LED, SensorReading == LOW ? HIGH : LOW);
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
if (SensorReading == LOW) {
alarm();
4. Role of Laser Security Systems in Modern Applications
4.1 Improving Safety and Security
Laser Security Systems play a crucial role in protecting residential and commercial
properties. Utilizing cutting-edge laser technology, these systems offer a cost-effective and
reliable way to detect unauthorized access. Their ability to immediately notify users of
breaches fosters a proactive security approach, significantly mitigating risks associated
with intrusions or theft.
4.2 Versatility Across Industries
The flexibility of Laser Security Systems enables their use in diverse applications. From
safeguarding entryways in homes and offices to securing sensitive zones in laboratories
and storage facilities, these systems can be customized to meet specific requirements.
Their scalability and reliability make them an ideal choice for industries seeking robust
security solutions.
4.3 Promoting Technological Inclusivity
A significant advantage of Laser Security Systems is their contribution to making advanced
security technologies accessible to a wider audience. By leveraging affordable hardware
and open-source platforms like Arduino, these systems empower users to implement
effective security solutions with minimal financial investment. This increased accessibility
encourages innovation and widespread adoption of modern security technologies.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
5. Challenges and Solutions
5.1 Addressing Time Limitations
Effectively managing time was a significant challenge during the project, given the limited
duration to complete the Laser Security System. Balancing tasks such as assembling
hardware, writing code, testing, and documenting the process required careful
organization. I implemented a structured plan, assigning roles based on individual
strengths and conducting frequent progress checks. This method ensured timely
completion without compromising quality.
5.2 Solving Hardware and Software Integration Challenges
Integrating the hardware components with the Arduino code presented technical hurdles,
including misalignment of the laser and sensor and occasional connectivity issues. These
obstacles were addressed through collaborative troubleshooting, repeated testing, and
fine-tuning the setup. Consulting circuit diagrams and component specifications further
aided in identifying and resolving errors efficiently.
5.3 Debugging and Performance Optimization
Programming the Arduino microcontroller revealed challenges such as incorrect pin
assignments and logical errors in the code. Debugging efforts involved testing the code
incrementally to pinpoint issues. Optimized performance by refining delay intervals and
restructuring the code for improved responsiveness and reliability.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
6. Industry Practices in Security Systems
6.1 Trends in Affordable Security Solutions
The increasing need for cost-effective and user-friendly security systems has led to
advancements in DIY solutions like the Laser Security System. Open-source
platforms such as Arduino are commonly used to lower costs without sacrificing
functionality. Additionally, the adoption of wireless technology and smart features
has enabled remote monitoring and control, marking a significant trend in the
industry.
6.2 Efficient Use of Microcontrollers and Sensors
Microcontrollers like Arduino have become integral to modern security solutions
due to their compatibility with various sensors and components. This flexibility
allows for the creation of customizable and scalable designs, making them well-
suited for small-scale and personal security applications while encouraging
innovation.
6.3 Examples of Innovative Security Implementations
Successful applications of DIY security systems highlight their potential. For
example, laser tripwire systems have been effectively employed in residential
settings to secure entry points and valuable items. Similar configurations have been
adapted for laboratories and warehouses, demonstrating their versatility and
reliability in diverse environments.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
7. Key Learnings and Outcomes
7.1 Mastery of Arduino Programming
This project provided a valuable opportunity to gain proficiency in Arduino
programming. Learning to write, debug, and optimize code for microcontrollers was
a key skill developed during the process, laying a strong foundation for future
projects involving embedded systems.
7.2 Enhanced Teamwork and Problem-Solving Abilities
Collaborating within a diverse team emphasized the importance of effective
communication and teamwork. Resolving technical issues and aligning project
objectives strengthened my problem-solving skills and ability to work cohesively in
a group setting.
7.3 Hands-On Experience in Security System Design
The internship offered practical experience in creating a functional security system.
From hardware integration to software implementation, troubleshooting, and
reliability testing, the project provided a comprehensive understanding of the real-
world application of security technologies.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
8. Use Cases of Laser Security Systems
8.1 Residential Security Uses
Laser Security Systems are commonly implemented in residential areas to secure
doors, windows, and other entry points. By setting up laser tripwires, homeowners
can effectively detect unauthorized access and take immediate action in response
to potential breaches. These systems offer a cost-efficient and reliable alternative
to traditional security setups.
8.2 Commercial and Industrial Security
In commercial and industrial settings, Laser Security Systems are used to safeguard
sensitive locations such as warehouses, laboratories, and restricted areas. Their
versatility allows customization to fit various layouts and security requirements,
providing comprehensive and dependable protection.
8.3 Smart Technology Integration
Future applications of Laser Security Systems include integration with smart home
systems and IoT devices. This would enable remote monitoring and control,
allowing users to manage security features and receive real-time alerts via
smartphones or other connected devices. Such innovations would increase the
convenience and functionality of these systems, positioning them as key
components in modern security infrastructure.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
9. Conclusion
The Laser Security System project has been a highly rewarding experience, bridging
theoretical knowledge with hands-on implementation to deliver an effective and
affordable security solution. This project showcased the power of using cost-
effective components and open-source platforms like Arduino to solve real-world
security challenges.
Throughout the development journey, essential skills were honed in microcontroller
programming, hardware integration, and team-based problem-solving. The
successful execution of the system emphasized the critical role of teamwork and
flexibility in addressing both technical and practical issues.
Looking forward, the potential to enhance this system through integration with IoT
and smart technologies offers exciting prospects. Such developments would make
security solutions even more accessible, scalable, and user-friendly, aligning with
the increasing demand for innovative, budget-friendly options.
In conclusion, this internship not only broadened my technical knowledge but also
highlighted the importance of creativity and collaboration in engineering projects.
The Laser Security System stands as a prime example of how innovation can drive
impactful, real-world solutions.
