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1 Diagram A is a branching key that can be used to identify different types of crustaceans.
diagram A
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Diagram B shows six crustaceans.
Use the key in diagram A to identify the six different types of crustacean.
Write the letters on the lines in diagram B.
diagram B
[5]
[Total: 5]
2 Describe one way in which all vertebrates differ from arthropods.
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[Total: 1]
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3 The diagram shows leaves from five different species of tree.
Use the key to identify each tree species in the diagram.
Write the letter of each tree species (A, B, C, D, E) in the correct box beside the key.
1 (a) multiple narrow, needle-like leaves go to 2
(b) single leaf which is not needle-like go to 3
2 (a) leaves are evenly spread along the branch Juniperus communis
(b) leaves start from a single point Cedrus deodara
3 (a) leaf has an unlobed smooth edge Frangula alnus
(b) leaf has a lobed edge go to 4
4 (a) lobes have a smooth, rounded edge Quercus robur
(b) lobes have a jagged, irregular edge Acer pseudoplatanus
[4]
[Total: 4]
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4 State two features of birds, other than the beak, that can be used to classify them as birds.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
5 The population size of the avocet bird (Recurvirostra avosetta) was reduced to zero in one country.
After more than 100 years, conservation has helped the number of avocet birds in this country to
increase again.
State the genus of the avocet bird.
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[Total: 1]
6 Keys can be used to identify a species.
State the name of the type of key that uses paired choices of features.
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[Total: 1]
5
7 Keys can be used to identify a species.
The diagram shows drawings of six different birds and their names.
Use the key to identify the birds in the diagram.
Complete the table by writing the letters of the birds A to F in the correct box.
key letter of bird
(a) beak is longer than the head go to 2
1
(b) beak is shorter than the head go to 3
(a) beak curves upwards C
2
(b) beak does not curve upwards go to 4
(a) top part of the beak is hooked over the bottom part of the beak go to 5
3
(b) top part of the beak is not hooked over the bottom part of the beak E
(a) top part of the beak is shorter than bottom part of the A
4
(b) beak has a large projection above the beak B
(a) head has a stripe F
5
(b) head does not have a stripe D
6
name of bird in diagram letter of the bird in the key
Ammodramus bairdii
Buceros rhinoceros
Pandion haliaetus
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Rynchops niger
Recurvirostra avosetta
[5]
[Total: 5]
8 Crustaceans are one group of arthropods.
State the names of two other groups of arthropods.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
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9 The Mulanje cedar, Widdringtonia whytei, is the national tree of Malawi. This species of tree grows
naturally only on Mount Mulanje in Malawi. Many of the trees have been overharvested or destroyed
by wildfires, resulting in deforestation, as shown in the photograph.
State the genus name of the Mulanje cedar tree.
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[Total: 1]
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10 Penicillin is produced by biotechnology industries.
The flow diagram shows some of the steps in the production of penicillin.
Organism A belongs to the fungus kingdom.
State two main features of fungal cells that are used to distinguish them from the cells of prokaryotes.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
9
11 The diagram is of a virus.
Identify the parts of the virus labelled N and O.
N ..............................................................................................................................................
O .............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
12 Some students were studying the activity of yeast. They made a fact file, as shown in the diagram.
State the kingdom in which yeast is classified.
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[Total: 1]
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13 The photograph shows a fruit attached to the branch of an orange tree, Citrus sinensis
State one reason why orange trees are classified as dicotyledonous plants.
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[Total: 1]
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14 Acid rain can damage aquatic organisms such as the amphibian shown in the photograph.
Suggest why amphibians are vulnerable to pollutants such as acid rain.
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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
15 Reproduction is one of the characteristics of living things.
State two other characteristics.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
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16 The diagram shows a fruit fly with normal wings and a fruit fly with vestigial wings.
The binomial name for a fruit fly is Drosophila melanogaster.
State the genus of this fruit fly.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
17 State the name of the group of organisms that produce milk to feed their young.
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[Total: 1]
18 The classification of giant pandas, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, is debated by many scientists.
Photograph A shows a giant panda eating bamboo plants.
photograph A
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Photograph B shows a red panda, Ailurus fulgens, eating bamboo.
photograph B
Photograph C shows a polar bear, Ursus maritimus, eating fish.
photograph C
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DNA can also be used to classify species.
Molecular biologists compared the DNA base sequences of eight species from the same vertebrate
group. They used the differences to draw a classification diagram.
The diagram shows the classification diagram for these eight species. The shorter the horizontal
distance from two species to the branching point that they share, the more similar their DNA
sequences are and the more closely the two species are related.
The scale on the diagram shows the time at which the molecular biologists estimate that each
branching point occurred.
red panda
ferret
giant panda
polar bear
wolf
tiger
human
mouse
100 80 60 40 20 0
million years ago
Morphology can also be used to classify species. Some scientists think that morphology suggests
that the giant panda is more closely related to the red panda than it is to the polar bear.
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(a) (i) Discuss the evidence for and against the giant panda being more closely related to the
red panda than it is to the polar bear. Use the information in photographs A, B and C
and the diagram in your answer.
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(ii) State one other type of evidence that is used to classify species.
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[Total: 6]
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19 Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled organism that is classified in the
kingdom Fungi.
The diagram is a drawing of a section through a yeast cell.
G B
F
C
1 μm
State one other kingdom that contains organisms that all have structure A.
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[Total: 1]
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20 The green turtle, Chelonia mydas, is a species of marine animal that is harmed by plastic waste.
The photograph shows a green turtle swimming past a plastic bag in the Pacific Ocean.
Turtles are classified as reptiles.
State one feature shown by all reptiles that is not found in amphibians.
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[Total: 1]
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21 The photograph shows animals that belong to one vertebrate group.
State the name of this vertebrate group and give one visible characteristic feature of this group.
name of group ......................................................
feature of group ........................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 2]
