LALBANDI MUNICIPALITY

Office of Municipal Executive

Lalbandi, Sarlahi
Madhesh Province, Nepal

FINAL REPORT
VOLUME 1

"Land Issue Resolving Program and

GIS Mapping for Landless, Unmanaged
Settlement in
Lalbandi Municipality"

Submitted By:
GEO ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY
PVT. LTD.
Old Baneshwor-10, Kathmandu
Tel. : 01-5499213, Email: infogec2014@gmail.com
2023

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 Acknowledgement
This report represents the outcome of the extensive research, documentation,
detailed field research, and design activities carried out by the team of Geo
Engineering Consultancy Pvt. Ltd., Baneshwor, Kathmandu. The report presents
the "Land Problem Solving Program and the GIS Map of Landless, Unruly
Settlement in the Lalbandi Municipality.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all individuals and

organizations who contributed and supported us in successfully completing the
survey and design works. We extend our special thanks to Mayor Mr. Basudev
Adhikari, Executive Officer Mr. Tara Nath Luitel Bhandari, Engineer Mr. Abhishek
Kumar Saha, Roshan Kumar Pandit, Land Issue Resolving Coordinator Mr. Chet
Bahadur Magar. We would also like to thank the staff of Lalbandi Municipality
Office, Lalbandi, Sarlahi, for their kind co-operation and support during all phases
of this Survey and report preparation.

Our research team would like to thank the local people who spent their valuable
time providing us with feedback and cooperating with us during the site visit.
Without their help, it would have been impossible to gather accurate data and
complete this project successfully.

We are grateful for the support and contributions of everyone involved in the
successful completion of this project. We are confident that the "Land Problem
Solving Program and the GIS Map of Landless, Unruly Settlement in the
Lalbandi Municipality" will be useful in resolving land issues and improving the
lives of the local people.

Regenerate response

Geo Engineering Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.

Baneshwor, Kathmandu

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 CONTENTS:
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 6
1.1 BACKGROUND.............................................................................................. 6

1.2 PROJECT LOCATION...................................................................................... 6

2 SCOPE OF WORK................................................................................................... 9
3 METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT WORKS............................................. 9
3.1 FIELD SURVEY............................................................................................. 10

3.2 MONUMENTATION OF CONTROL POINTS....................................................11

3.3 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CONTROL......................................................11

3.4 FIELD DURATION AND TEAM COMPOSITION................................................12

3.5 DETAIL CADASTRAL SURVEY.......................................................................12

4 CADASTRAL MAPPING...................................................................................... 14
5 WORK SCHEDULE................................................................................................ 14
6 RESULT AND FINDININGS............................................................................... 15

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ABBREVIATION

GIS: Geographical Information System

DTM: Digital Elevation Model

GPS: Global Positioning System

MUTM: Modified Universal Transverse Mercator

TS: Total Station

RTK: Real Time Kinematics

TBC: Trimble Business Center

ANNEXES

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Annex - A Key Plan

Annex - B Field photograph

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND
Lalbandi is a Municipality in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of Central
Development Region of Nepal. The municipality was established on 18 May 2014
by merging the existing Parwanipur VDC, Netragung VDC, Jabdi, Lalbandi and
Pattharkot VDCs. At the time of the 2021 Nepal Census, it had a population of
67,507 living in 13905 individual households. There are 17 wards in this
municipality. It is the largest municipality in Sarlahi district. The office of this
municipality is in ward no.6 Located in the Lalbandi. Lalbandi Bazar, located on
the East West Mahendra highway, is one of the main trading areas within the
municipal area. Bordering East Ishwarpur Municipality, West Hariwan and Haripur
Municipality, North Sindhuli District and bordering Haripur and Ishwarpur in the
south, Lalbandi Bazar is the main trading site of the district. Due to increasing
urbanization, increased business activity, this municipality is becoming a center
of attraction in the district and is developing as the largest municipality in the
district.

The whole municipality is moving forward unitedly for the prosperity and
development of this municipality by embracing the original slogan, "Clean,
beautiful and prosperous city, Pride of Sarlahi District." The municipality is
committed to the economic and social upliftment of women, indigenous
nationalities, Dalits, the disabled within the municipal area. The place is famous
for tomato production in whole Nepal. Tomato and other green vegetables are
the chief cash crop of this place along with paddy, wheat, maize and other crops.
It is the fast developing Municipality in Mid Terai region of Nepal. Bhudeo Khadya
Udhyog (Hulas Foods), a subsidiary of Hulas Group is located here which is one of
the biggest rice, pulse and flour manufacturing and packaging industry in Nepal.

1.2 PROJECT LOCATION

Lalbandi municipality is a local level in Sarlahi district under Madhesh province among the 753 local
levels formed on the recommendation of the name, number and boundary determination
commission of rural municipality, municipality, autonomous, protected or special area established
according to clause (3) of Article 295 of the Constitution of Nepal 2072. This municipality, which is
famous nationwide for the production and export of Golbeda (tomatoes) in Nepal, is Lalbandi
Municipality of Savik (Savik G.V.S. Lalbandi, Pattharkot and Jabdi), and Netraganj, Raniganj,
Parwanipur and Narayankhaela VDC It has been adjusted and built.

Lalbandi municipality, located in Sarlahi District of Nepal's Madhesh Province,

covers an area of approximately 238.5 square kilometers and has a population of
over 67,507 people (2076 BS). The municipality is situated in the Terai region,
which is known for its flat, fertile plains and a tropical rainfall climate with high
levels of precipitation year-round. The area is home to people of diverse ethnic
and linguistic backgrounds, with Bramhan, Chhetri, Sanyasi and Madhesi are
situated and being the primary languages spoken. Lalbandi is primarily an
agricultural area, with farming activities such as the production of paddy, wheat,
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maize, sugarcane and lots of vegetables being the main source of livelihood for
most of the population. Additionally, there has been some growth in
manufacturing and tourism industries in recent years. Overall, Lalbandi is a
vibrant community with a rich culture and natural resources.

As per 2011 population census, Lalbandi Municipality had total 59,395 population
with 28,795 males and 30,600 females. Out of total wards, ward number 17 had
the largest population 5,576, while ward number 13 had least number of
population with 5,576.

Figure : Ward wise Population & Household Chart (2011 Census)

Lalbandi Municipality, like most areas in Nepal, is characterized by religious

diversity. The predominant religion in the region is Hinduism, followed by
Buddhism, Islam, and other minority religions. The municipality is home to
several temples, shrines, and religious sites of cultural and religious significance.
Lalbandi Municipality is situated in the Terai region of Nepal, which is the flat,
low-lying southern part of the country. The Terai is known for its fertile
agricultural land, and Lalbandi is no exception. The municipality primarily
consists of agricultural lands used for cultivating crops such as rice, wheat,
maize, sugarcane, and vegetables. There may also be some forested areas and
residential settlements within the municipality.

The climate in Lalbandi Municipality, being part of the Terai region, is

characterized as a subtropical monsoon climate. The summers are hot and
humid, with temperatures ranging from 25 to 40 degrees Celsius (77 to 104
degrees Fahrenheit). The monsoon season, from June to September, brings
heavy rainfall. Winters are generally mild, with temperatures ranging from 5 to
25 degrees Celsius (41 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit). Lalbandi Municipality is a

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landlocked area in Nepal, located far from any coastline. Therefore, it does not
have a direct relationship with sea level as it is situated in an inland region.

The location map is portrayed as follow:

Figure : Location map of the project Site

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2 SCOPE OF WORK
The primary goal of the exploration project is to accurately identify the
location and elevation of soil details within the designated project area. This
information will be used to update the Cadastral map and DTM of the project
area. Some of the specific objectives of the project include conducting a
thorough survey of the project area to collect precise data on soil
characteristics, such as texture, structure, and composition. The project team
will also use advanced techniques, such as geophysical surveys and remote
sensing technologies, to map the subsurface geology and identify potential
areas of interest for further investigation. Additionally, the project will aim to
establish a baseline inventory of the natural resources within the project area,
including vegetation, water sources, and wildlife habitats. This information
will be essential for developing effective environmental management plans
for the project site.

Overall, the exploration project will provide critical data and insights into the
soil and environmental characteristics of the project area, which will inform
future land-use decisions and ensure sustainable development practices.
Some of the objectives of the project are as follows:

 Monumentation of Major BM.

 Detail Cadastral survey of the project area.

 Preparation of Cadastral map of 1:2500 Scale Sheet

 Preparation of the Database (softcopy GIS Data)

 Submission of survey report.

3 METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT WORKS

All research activities in the project were carried out using a comprehensive
approach, which involved several key steps. These steps included desk research,
feasibility studies, retrieval research, establishment of control areas, traversing,
Cadastral research, and mapping of the Lalbandi Municipality Project. The project
team began by conducting desk research to gather background information on
the project area, including relevant historical and geographical data. This
information was then used to carry out a feasibility study to determine the
viability of the project.

Next, retrieval research was conducted to collect data on the physical

characteristics of the project area, including soil type, vegetation, and
topography. Control areas were then established to provide a reference point for
subsequent survey activities. Traversing and detailed Cadastral research were
carried out to accurately determine the location and boundaries of the project

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area. This involved physically mapping the area and collecting data on land use,
ownership, and other relevant information.

Finally, the project team created a map of the Lalbandi Municipality Project,
which integrated all the collected data and provided a visual representation of
the project area. Overall, the comprehensive approach used in the research
activities ensured that all relevant data was collected and analyzed, providing a
solid foundation for the subsequent phases of the project.

3.1 FIELD SURVEY

POST PROCESSING AND ADJUSTMENT OF DGPS OBSERVATION

During the field survey, our team strictly adhered to the specifications provided
by the Survey Department for the Modified Universal Transverse Mercator
(MUTM) projection system. This ensured that all survey activities were carried
out accurately and consistently, with a high degree of precision and reliability.
The MUTM projection system is a widely recognized and standardized coordinate
reference system, which uses a series of mathematical formulas to convert
three-dimensional coordinates into two-dimensional map projections. By
following the specifications of this system, our team was able to ensure that all
survey data was accurately recorded and could be easily integrated into a
variety of mapping and GIS software applications.

Furthermore, adhering to the specifications provided by the Survey Department

helped to minimize errors and ensure that all survey measurements were
consistent and accurate. This, in turn, enabled us to produce detailed and
reliable maps and other visual representations of the project area, which will be
critical for informing future decision-making and development activities. The
strict adherence to the specifications of the MUTM projection system during the
field survey was a key factor in ensuring the success and accuracy of the project.

 Project name: "Land Issue Resolving Program and GIS Mapping for
Landless, Unmanaged Settlement in Lalbandi Municipality"

 Linear unit: Meters

 Projection: MUTM_87

 Longitudinal of Central Meridian: 87 E

 Scale factor at central Meridian 0.9999

 False Easting (m):500000

 False Northing (m): 0.000

 Datum: Everest 1830

 Semi-Major Axis (ad): 6377299.36

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  Inverse Flattening: 300.8017

 Post-Processing Engine: Auto

 Post-Processing software: TBC (Trimble Business Center 5.2)

3.2 MONUMENTATION OF CONTROL POINTS

As per the agreement with the Municipality, the administrative area was
provided to us for the project. In cases where the area was not covered by the
existing administrative records, we started with a new survey of the area. To
accurately locate and map the project area, we carried out precise field
measurements using Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) technology.
This enabled us to collect precise data on the location, links, and DGPS points
within the project area.

In addition, we prepared an explanation card for all major control points within
the project area. This card provided detailed information on the location,
elevation, and other relevant data for each control point. This information will be
critical for ensuring accurate and consistent measurements during subsequent
phases of the project. The use of precise field measurements and the
preparation of detailed explanation cards for control points were essential for
ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the project data. By working closely with
the Municipality and utilizing advanced surveying technologies, we were able to
produce detailed and accurate maps and other visual representations of the
project area.

Control points show the following information:

 Name of the Control Point

 Location description of the point

 Monumentation Mark

 Coordinates of the point (E, N and Z) of the points.

3.3 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CONTROL

To ensure a high level of accuracy in our surveying activities, we utilized a
sophisticated testing device with a minimum value of 1" at angles and (2mm +
2ppm x D) distance. This device was designed specifically for closed cross-
cutting and trigonometric level surveys, and enabled us to collect precise data
on the project area. Using this testing device, we transferred the trigonometric
length to the project area and closed the trigonometric level loops. This helped
to control the precise position of the project and ensure that all survey data was
accurately recorded. The use of advanced testing devices and trigonometric
level surveys was essential for achieving a high degree of accuracy and
reliability in our surveying activities. By utilizing these techniques, we were able
to produce detailed and accurate maps and other visual representations of the

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project area, which will be critical for informing future decision-making and
development activities.

To accurately determine the position of the control points within the project area,
we created closed horizontal loops using a combination of DGPS technology and
direct control at points. The links to other points were listed as offsets, and
duplicate measurement sets were considered points. We carefully calculated the
horizontal and vertical angles, as well as the intermediate distances, before
performing the horizontal calculations. This involved measuring the horizontal
and vertical angles using the right and left faces, as well as the distance from the
front and back channels. Using these measurements, we were able to calculate
the horizontal position of the control points (E. N) from the traverse. This allowed
us to accurately locate and map the project area, and ensure that all survey data
was recorded with a high degree of precision and reliability.

Overall, the use of advanced surveying technologies and careful calculations was
essential for achieving accurate and reliable survey data for the project area. By
utilizing these techniques, we were able to produce detailed and accurate maps
and other visual representations of the project area, which will be critical for
informing future decision-making and development activities. The horizontal
orientation of the horizontal loop is defined by 1 / ((∆E + ∆N / D) and 1 / (∆H / D).
in vertical closure. A total of 1 horizontal closed horizontal control loop was made
in all project alignment.

3.4 FIELD DURATION AND TEAM COMPOSITION

Senior Surveyor, Surveyor and Assistance were involved in Cadastral Survey for
"Land Issue Resolving Program and GIS Mapping for Landless,
Unmanaged Settlement in Lalbandi Municipality.

3.5 DETAIL CADASTRAL SURVEY

Extensive research was conducted in Lalbandi Municipality to assess the land
features of the area. To accurately capture this information, we utilized a range
of advanced surveying tools, including location checkpoints, full station, and RTK
equipment. The full channel display method was used in Total Station to
accurately capture data, and the RTK function receiver was utilized at various
offset locations and major control areas. By using this equipment, we were able
to accurately capture land features and other important data without needing to
appear in the Basic Channel. To achieve the best possible accuracy in our
surveying activities, we conducted a survey within a 5km radius to create a base
station for the RTK equipment. Additionally, we adopted a line-breaking approach
to the test points taken from the first areas where slope breakage appears to be
visible. This approach helped to ensure that all important data was captured and
accounted for.

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Overall, the use of advanced surveying equipment and techniques was essential
for accurately capturing and representing the land features of Lalbandi
Municipality. By utilizing these tools, we were able to produce detailed and
accurate maps and other visual representations of the project area, which will be
critical for informing future decision-making and development activities. The
Cadastral survey depicted the following information on the ground:

 Boundary of every parcel

 Road, Irrigation Canal

 House Plan

THE SURVEY INSTRUMENT

We conducted a detailed survey of the project area using an advanced total

station that enabled us to precisely measure both angles and distances. This was
achieved through the use of electro-optical scanning of digital bar-codes etched
on rotating glass cylinders or discs within the instrument, as well as Electronic
Distance Measurement (EDM) devices fitted inside the telescope to accurately
measure distance.

To further improve the accuracy of our surveying work, we used an advanced

instrument called the N3 for RTK work. This instrument is particularly well-suited
for detailed surveying work across large areas, as it offers the same high levels
of precision as our total station. By using these advanced tools and techniques,
we were able to capture detailed and accurate information about the project
area, which will be critical for informing future development and decision-making
activities.

Survey Equipment and Nos. Angle Distance

Model Accuracy Accuracy
ComNav GNSS 4 ±2” ±(5
mm+2ppm×D)

FINAL COORDINATES

The list of final coordinates are provide by municipality office.

4 CADASTRAL MAPPING
The data collected by our field inspectors was carefully sorted and analyzed to
identify any gaps in our research activities. This information was then brought to
our offices in Kathmandu for final planning and map preparation. We used a

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variety of software tools to develop our Cadastral map, including GIS (using QGIS
software) and AutoCAD with SW DTM software. This allowed us to integrate all
boundaries and man-made objects within the project area, including houses,
rivers, roads, tracks, water canals, and terraces.

Our Cadastral map was developed at a scale of 1:2500 on paper, with additional
details taken from a scale of 1:500. We have included both A3 appendices and
real-scale (large-size) maps in Volume-II of our project report. By carefully
developing and presenting our Cadastral map, we have provided a detailed and
accurate representation of the project area that will be essential for future
planning and decision-making activities.

5 WORK SCHEDULE

Week
S.N. Activities
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

1 Desk Study

2 Field Reconnaissance

3 Traversing

4 Detailing
Processing & Final
5
Report
Table 4: Work schedule

6 RESULT AND FINDININGS

This report provides an overview of the results obtained from the assignments
carried out based on the scope of work outlined in the contract. The scope of
work is included in the annexes for reference. One of the key tasks included in

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the scope of work was the cadastral survey of the proposed site. This survey was
conducted in accordance with established protocols and standards, and the
results are presented in Volume II of this report. In addition, the survey data has
been compiled in a digital format to facilitate analysis and planning.

The cadastral survey of the proposed site involved the measurement and
mapping of the boundaries of the property, as well as the identification and
documentation of any man-made structures or features present on the site. This
information was then used to prepare accurate and detailed maps and plans of
the site, which will be invaluable in supporting future development and land
management activities.

Overall, the results of the assignments carried out in accordance with the scope
of work have provided valuable insights and information that will be critical in
facilitating informed decision-making and effective management of the proposed
site. The site area is mostly plane and agriculture land.

The Total area & Parcel are 893.54 Ha and 3288 parcels respectively.

Field
Photographs
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