CHAPTER 1

UTILIZATION OF TABAGWANG (JAGORA ASPERATAS) IN MAKING BOPIS

 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
INTRODUCTIONS

Catanduanes is an island in the Bicol, Philippines. Catanduanes also known as ‘’ The

Happy Island’’ due to its serene beauty, vibrant culture and the warm welcoming nature of its
people. Most municipalities in catanduanes province were located near fresh water sources such
as river, stream and lakes. Catanduanes is naturally endowed with numerous fresh water
ecosystems that provide vital resources for both its people and its biodiversity. Catanduanes is
not only known for its stunning landscapes and natural beauty but also for its unique culinary
offerings. Most Catandunganons love to cook fresh water food as a part of their daily food
consumptions. However, some people live near the fresh water area in Catanduanes have a
favorite fresh water food they love to eat. An edible mollusk species that belongs to the family of
pachychilidad. It is recognized for its name Tabagwang, which is famous for its ginataang
(coconut milk) you may want recipes.
Tabagwang are also readily available and collected using bare hands, sometimes they can
be found at the bottom of the river sticking to large rocks or apad. Tabagwang also called as
Susong pilipit, a conic spiraling black shell, a common black water mollusk with elongated
spiral shell.
Tabagwang meat is an excellent source of vitamins and minerals including ‘’nutrients of
concern’’ which are under consumed by many populations. Through this time, the researcher
come up with the method for applying Tabagwang meats in making spicy bopis.
Tabagwang, or fresh water snail is a nutritious food source, they are low in fat and high
in protein, making them a healthy and sustainable source of nutrition. Tabagwang meat is reach
in some essential nutrients and widely considered as food with health benefits. It is rich in
minerals and vitamins, including iron, calcium, protein, carbohydrates, magnesium, vitamin B12
(cobalamin and cyanocobalamin), potassium, phosphorus and omega 3 fatty acid. Tabagwang
provides these essential nutrients to support overall health, such us high quality protein, which is
important for muscle repair and minerals like iron, which key for healthy blood. Additionally, its
low fat and calories content make it healthy option for those looking to maintain a balance diet.
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Statement of the problem

The researcher aimed to determine the acceptability of tabagwang as a component in

making “bopis”. This research seek to answer the following specific question.

1. What are the qualitative characteristics of tabagwang as a component of bopis in terms of

?
a. Color
b. Taste
c. Texture
d. Acceptability
2. Which proposition of tabagwang yielded the best characteristics of bopis?
a. Sample 1 (30% tabagwang’s meat and 70% pork meat)
b. Sample 2 (50% tabagwang’s meat 50% pork meat)
c. Sample 3 (70% tabagwang’s meat and 30% pork meat)
d. Sample 4 (100% tabagwang’s meat) original-controlled

Hypothesis
Is there any significant difference in the qualitative characteristics of bopis using different
proportions of tabagwang’s meat?
Significance to the study

Findings of this study will benefit the following;

Contribute to sustainable Food Practices: This study highlights the potential of tabagwang
meat as a sustainable alternative protein source in Filipino cuisine, addressing the growing need
for environmental friendly food options. By promoting local and underutilized resources, the
research contributes to sustainable food systems and encourages responsible consumption.
Economic Opportunities; The research may identify new economic opportunities for local
communities in Catanduanes through tabagwang farming and promotion of tabagwang-based
products. This can contribute to the local food security and enhance livelihoods in the region.
Family Household; This will have something delicious, affordable and nutritious dish to serve
for their families.
Foundation for Further Research: This study serves as a Foundational exploration of
tabagwang meat in Filipino cuisine, paving the way for future research on the ecological,
economic and cultural implications of utilizing alternative protein source in various culinary
context.
Food Service Provider: This research would give the service provider with the idea of a
possible best-selling viand if it is known to them since balance and healthy diet is the main
course of conservation nowadays.
Nutritional Awareness: The findings will provide valuable insights into the nutritional benefits
tabagwang meat, emphasizing its high protein content and low environmental impact. This
information can enhance public awareness of alternative protein sources and encourage healthier
dietary choices.
School Administrator: This research will be enlightenment for them to support the needs of
food service management students. They will be motivated to give full support to the food
service management because of their potential in developing more performance activities, which
can be asset of school in presenting the dish
Scope and Delimitation of the study

This study focuses on the acceptability of bopis with tabagwang’s meat. The
investigation aimed to utilized tabagwang’s meat as a component in making bopis.
This research projects will focus on producing bopis out of the tabagwang’s meat as a
component in making a special and unique bopis recipe. Bopis is a dish composed of pork lungs
and heart, garlic, onion, bell pepper, carrots and chill pepper.
A total of twenty respondents will be selected: three randoms cooks of canteens and food
vendors, four faculty staff in the Christian Polytechnic Institute of Catanduanes Inc. (CPIC) Food
Major. Five college student from Summit, Viga Catanduanes, five college student from Christian
Polytechnic Institute of Catanduanes Inc. (CPIC) and three random chefs of restaurant or café.

Definition of Terms
For better classification and understanding of terms used in the study, the following are
the defined conceptually and operatimally.

Acceptability- the quality of being tolerated and accepted.

Boils- reach or cause to reach the temperature of which it bubbles and turn to vapor.
Bopis- a dish component of minced pork lungs and heart, carrots, bell pepper, chili pepper,
onion, garlic and vinegar.
Chop- cut (something) into pieces with repeated sharp blows of a knife.
Chopped- to hit something with a sharp tool in order to cut it.
Cleansed- make (something especially the shell) thoroughly clean.
Drain- to make something empty or dry by removing the liquid from it.
Minced- cut up or ground into very small pieces.
Sautee- fried quickly in a little.
Tabagwang- an edible fresh water snail.
Utilization- to use something in an effective way.
Vinegar- is a fermented process, that can bring sour taste.
CHAPTER 2
RELATED LITERATURE

Jogora Asperata have a single and conical gonad located in the posterior spiral part of the
shell. Guradal tissue is located over the digestive gland and is in intimate contact with it. Mal
gonads exhibit pale yellow to dark yellow colorations. Whereas females were characterized by
pale to creamy white coloration. This coloration is also observed in the prosobranch gastropod.
This Carinifera ( Radwan et al. 2009 )

According to Kohler and Glaubrencht, 2002 the reproductive cycle of Jagura Asperta is
synchronized with the seasonal changing monsoon climate, and its reproductive activity is
clearly restricted to the rainy season in Luzon between June and December, this situation was
verified in the population in Catanduanes, where in there are two highest peaks of gonadal
maturity, the month of October and December that represent the time or season of spawning.
Northeast monsoon (amihan) occurs during these months, carrying rain to the region as it moves
in its path.
Beyond its culinary value, Jagora asperata has also been investigated for its potential
medicinal properties. Chemical, Biological and Physical science investigated the bio-functional
activity of ethanoic extract from the snail mantle. The study freed out that the extract contains
various secondary metabolites, including soponins , tannins, cardiac glucosides, flavonoids,
terpenoids and steroid. The extract also showed pionising antibacterial actually against
Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. This suggests potential for developing new
antibiotics or anti-inflammatory agents.
RELATED STUDIES

Bio-Functional Activities of Jagura Asperata (Lamarck, 1822) Mantle Ethanolic Extracts

Jagora Asperata is an endemic fresh water snail species found in the Philippines. Currently, there
is a little research elaborating the secondary metabolities of the snail of few extensive studies
have been conducted to assess the bio-functionality and metabolite constituents of Jagura
asperata (locallt called tabagwang), results indicate the presence of saponins, tannins cardiac
glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids in Jagura Asperata ethanol extract. The extract
also shove promising antibacterial activity against Escherichia Coli and styphylococcus with mean
zones of inbition of 18.16 mm and 18.66 mm respectively. Cytotoxity test also revealed low to brine
shrimp with this jagora asperata can be candidate for exphoitatim and isolation of novel natural
products with pharmacological importance.

Jagora asperata, being an endemic philippines species, in a component of the local ecosystem, and
investigation of its bioactivity and secondary metabolites is important. In this study, ethanol extract of
its mantle were found to contain various chemical constituents and passes antibacterial and cytotoxic
activities to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to present information regarding the bio-
functional activities to this endemic species, this preliminary investigation in bioactivity of jagora
asperata suggest that this organism can be further exploited and study to better elaborate their capacity
as noble natural resources of pharmacologically important compounds.

Jagora asperata an species of freshwater snail with an operculum that belongs to the family of
pachychilidae.

The shell of an adult jagora aspirata can be as long as 50 to 80 ml or 0.71 in this shell is solid dark brown
to yellowish brown highly tower shade comprising up to twelve whorls. The apical whorls is truncated.
the sculpture of the shell shows closely spaced axial ribs and spiral elements with tiny nodules.

The body of this snail is gray to black with filiform antennae. They are characterized by a unique
reproductive system, including a long sperm gutter, a very short a spermatophore bursa and a
prominent lateral ridge working as a seminal receptacle. females carng eggs and juvenile stages within
their mantle cavity. These snail feed on detritus and algae.

Reference.

Kohler F. & Dames C. (2009). Phylogeny and systematics of the Pcjychiludae of mainland Southeast Asia.
Novel insight from morphology and mitchondrial DNA (Mullusca, caenogastropoda, cerithioidea)
Zoological journal of the linnean society 157.
Biological inputs to the management of tabagwang or jagora aspirata in Puradan river viga catanduanes

the population of tabagwang (jagura asperata) in Puradan river Viga, catanduanes, Philippines is over
exploited and overfished, and management policy implementation is needed for its recovery. JAgora
Asperata (Lamarck 1822) known to the Bicolano’s an tabagwang is an edible mollusk species thriving in
rivers of the bicol region. It is being harvested and cooled in coconut milk mixed with edible fern. There
is a dearth of information regarding its biology and fishery in a Bicol region. these absence of
information necessitated this study the study was conducted in puradan river viga catanduanes from
January 2013 to May 2014. Spatial distribution of species was observed to be a clumped distribution
(mean index of aggegation is 0.03). There were 28,921 individuals gather the average length is 40.14
mm and average weight is 4.57 g the length weight relationship was obtained as w = 0.00025 + l = 2.624.
the estimated length at first maturity was 32.04 mm for females and 33.64 mm for males this species
exhibit ovoviviparityas the mode of development the distribution of the sexes is 1:1 Goradosomatic
index is highest in the months of October and December the estimated population param where
L=71.26 mm k = 0.39 year - 1.7 = 1.85 year 1:M=0.69 year - 1: and F=1.16 year-1. Exploitation rate is 0.63
the estimated MSH R is 6.53 of corresponding to a length of 48.29 mm and the F (MSY) is 3.5 per year.
the result showed that the population of jagora asperata is over exploited and over finished and
management policy must be implemented for a stock to recover.

Reference :

Skoszeny c. De Jesus, Jethro Emmanuek P. Baltar Bicol University R&D journal 22(3), 2018

Corresponding Author: scdejesus@bicol.u.edu.ph

Systematic studies of Brotia costula episcopalis, first intermediate host of paragonimus westernmani in
Malaysia

This freshwater snail leaves successfully on the sandy bottom of clean water rivers or in the mud of
narrow tangled jungle streams. Females broad and average of 14.3 young for female, young attain up to
3.5 whorls before berth. Functional males are evident from morphological examination and confirmed
by histological analysis. Adults lived well in the laboratory (less than 20% mortality in 12 months) young
girl slowly when provided with variety of foods (2.0 mm per month no mortality and one year when
provided with food). Decollation of the top 3- 4 whorls of the shell spire accured in young at 37 weeks in
culture there were no mayor difference between river and stream population (separated by 13 miles
different drainage) in electrophoretic profiles of proteins from front - muscles with japanese
semisulcospira libertina (family pleuroceridae) revealed a relative Brotia (H. Adams, 1866) are
Acrostoma, antimelania, Brotella, Paracrostoma, and Wanga. Future studies Brotia to be a synonym of
Sulcospira ( Troschel, 1858). A note on Brotia asperata (lamarck, 1822) from the Philippines is given

References

proceeding of the academy of natural sciences of Philadelhia. Vol. 123 pp. 53.86. Published by academy
of natural sciences
Cercocial fauna of fresh water snail in selected agricultural areas in Laguna Philippines

Freshwater snails serve as one of trematodes intermediate host. previous studies on trematodes larval
stage in the Philippines have largely focused on species with a public health importance. this study so to
investigate the prevalence of cercarial morphotypes in several freshwater snails species found in
different habital types (rice fields, irrigations canals and residential area) in selected agricultural areas in
Los B.años and Bay in Laguna. Cecarial emergence was induced through exposure to artificial light. a
total of 2,720 freshwater snail were collected and were represented by seven species namely,
Luelanoids, tuberculata Muller 1774 (n=12w9), Radix quadrasi von Moellendori (n=63p) Taberia
granifera lamarck, 1816 (n=417) Pomacea canalicuta lamarck 1819 (n=257) Vivipara angularis Philippines
Nevill (n=18) Stenomelania Sp (n=10) Thiara scabra muller 1774 (n=65). A 2.57% overall prevalence was
recorded; the infected snail species were M.tuberculota (2.21%) R. quadrasi (0.21%) T. Granfera (0.11%)
for cercarial morphotypes namely, Paraplevrolophocercous cercaria (1.80%) Virgulate xiphidiocercaria
(0.22%) Megalurous cercaria (0.29%), and Eschinostome cercaria (0.22%) where recovered from the
infected snail species prevalence of cercarial infection was significant different (p<0.05) among habital
types.

Reference

Parasitology research laboratory animal biology division institute of biological sciences college of arts
and science university of philippines college laguna philippines
Toward a systematic revision of the southeast asian freshwater gastropod brotia h. Adams 1866
( Cerithiodea: Pachychiljdae

The systematic of freshwater gastropods attributed a Brotia H. Adams 1866 based on conchological
similarities has long remained confusing previously, only scattered information was available on the
taxonomy and virtually nothing on the phylogenetic relationship of this viviparous snail that are widely
distributed in southeast asia. To resolve the systematic confusion the relevant types were re-examined
together with additional material from various museum collection, supplemented by a personal field
collections, we here provide a detailed characterized including of Brotia sensu lato as a basis for a
taxonomic revision comparative conchological (including embroyonic shell characters) anatomicak
( including histology of reproductive organs) and, biogeographical data for the most crucial constituent
including their synonymies. On the basis of differences regular features and especially reproductive
anatomy and biology we suggest to differentiate within Brotia sensu lato three major species group
representing evolutionary lineages. In addition the proposed systemization is supported by geographical
patterns. Accordingly Brotia sensu stricto. With the type species be pagodula (Gould 1847) and the
widely distributed b.costula (Rafinesque 1833) occurs on the southeast asian mainland from the gangers
region to sumotra Brotua s. str is characterized in part by an initially open embryotic shell with
protruding soft tissue

Reference

GLAUBRECHT, M: 1999. SYSTEMATIC OF THE EVOLUTJON OF VIVILARITY IN TROPICAL FRESH WATER

GASTROPODS AN OVERVIEW COUREEB FORSCHUNGSAINSTITVT SENEECEBERG, 125: 91.96
Health benefits of snail

snail can offer potentially help benefits due to their nutritional composition and the presence of certain
bioactive compounds based on the study here are some benefits of freshwater snail.

1. rich source of protein Suso is a good source of high quality protein which is essential for tissue repair,
muscle growth and overall body function

2. Nutrients dance snails contains essential nutrients such as iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc essential
for maintaining bones health, proper nerve function and immune system support.

3. Vitamins snail may contain various vitamins including vitamin b12, which is crucial for red blood cell
formation and neurological health, as well as vitamin a and vitamin d.

4. Omega 3 fatty acids. Susk contains omega-3 fatty acids which are beneficial for heart health reducing
inflammation and supporting brain function.

5. collagen and glycine. snail meat contains collagen and glycine which are important to the fork skin
health joint function and of and overall structure of connective tissues

6. low in saturated fat freshwater snail are generally low in saturated fat which can contribute to heart
health and help lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases

7. potential antioxidants snail may certain antioxidant such as selenium and vitamin e which help
protect cells from oxidative stress and reduces the risk of chronic diseases.

Cultural traditional uses in some culture freshwater snails have been used for their potential medicinal
properties, promoting wound healing and improving respiratory conditions

References

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