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About Thomson Peterson’s

Thomson Peterson’s (www.petersons.com) is a leading provider of education information and

advice, with books and online resources focusing on education search, test preparation, and financial
aid. Its Web site offers searchable databases and interactive tools for contacting educational institu-
tions, online practice tests and instruction, and planning tools for securing financial aid. Peterson’s
serves 110 million education consumers annually.

For more information, contact Peterson’s, 2000 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648; 800-338-
3282; or find us on the World Wide Web at www.petersons.com/about.

© 2005 Thomson Peterson’s, a part of The Thomson Corporation

Thomson LearningTM is a trademark used herein under license.

Previous editions © 2001

Previously published as Peterson’s Exercises for the SAT.

Editor: Wallie Walker Hammond; Production Editor: Teresina Jonkoski;

Proofreader: Brett Bollman; Manufacturing Manager: Judy Coleman;
Composition Manager: Melissa Ignatowski; Cover Design: Greg Wuttke

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be repro-
duced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photo-
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ISBN: 0-7689-1716-6

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 07 06 05
 Contents

Introduction
1 About the SAT .............................................................................................................. 3
Purpose of the SAT ........................................................................................................ 3
Format of SAT I ............................................................................................................. 3
Types of SAT Verbal Reasoning Questions .................................................................. 4
General Test-Taking Tips .............................................................................................. 7
How to Use This Book ................................................................................................. 10
2 Diagnostic Critical Reading Test ............................................................................... 15
Answer Key ................................................................................................................. 21
Explanatory Answers ................................................................................................... 22

Critical Reading Practice

3 Sentence Completions ............................................................................................... 27
What Is a Sentence Completions Question? ................................................................ 27
How to Answer Sentence Completions Questions ...................................................... 28
Pretest ........................................................................................................................... 33
Explanatory Answers ................................................................................................... 34
Level A Sentence Completions Exercises ................................................................... 35
Level B Sentence Completions Exercises .................................................................... 45
Level C Sentence Completions Exercises .................................................................... 55
Level D Sentence Completions Exercises ................................................................... 65
Answer Key ................................................................................................................. 75
Explanatory Answers ................................................................................................... 79
4 Critical Reading ......................................................................................................... 119
What Is Critical Reading? .......................................................................................... 119
Types of Critical Reading Questions ......................................................................... 119
Pretest ......................................................................................................................... 126
Explanatory Answers ................................................................................................. 130
Level A Critical Reading Exercises ........................................................................... 131
Level B Critical Reading Exercises ........................................................................... 141
Level C Critical Reading Exercises ........................................................................... 151
Level D Critical Reading Exercises ........................................................................... 157
Answer Key ............................................................................................................... 167
Explanatory Answers ................................................................................................. 170
iv Contents

Practice Critical Reading Tests

Critical Reading Test 1 ................................................................................................... 185

Critical Reading Test 2 ................................................................................................... 191

Critical Reading Test 3 ................................................................................................... 197

Critical Reading Test 4 ................................................................................................... 203

Answer Key ..................................................................................................................... 209

Explanatory Answers ..................................................................................................... 210

Appendix
A Helpful Word List ........................................................................................................ 219
Vocabulary: Does It Matter? ...................................................................................... 219
The Six Best Vocabulary-Building Tips for the SAT ................................................ 220

www.petersons.com
 Introduction

✴ 1 About the SAT

▲

PREVIEW
PREVIEW 2 Diagnostic Critical Reading Test
 About the SAT
1
PURPOSE OF THE SAT
The SAT is offered by The College Board to high school students. Well
over 2,000 colleges and universities in the United States and Canada re-
quire their applicants to take the test. Since the SAT is a standardized ex-
amination that is consistent in difficulty and format, it allows colleges to
compare the abilities of students from different high schools. According to
the College Board, the SAT is designed to measure your aptitude for col-
lege work.
The SAT is now divided into two separate types of exams designated
SAT I and SAT II. SAT I tests critical reading, mathematical reasoning,
and writing skills—your ability to understand what you read, use lan-
guage effectively, reason clearly, apply fundamental and advanced math-
ematical principles to unfamiliar problems, and use standard written
English. SAT II tests mastery of specific subjects essential to academic
success in college.

FORMAT OF SAT I
SAT I is a three-hour and forty-five minute, mostly multiple-choice exami-
nation divided into sections as shown in the chart on the following page.
One of the sections is experimental. The nonexperimental sections make
up the scores that colleges use to evaluate your application.
The critical reading sections test critical reading and vocabulary skills.
The mathematical sections cover arithmetic, algebra I and II, geometry,
and other expanded math topics. The formulas you need will be given in
the test instructions; you are not required to memorize them.
The experimental section of SAT I may test critical reading or math-
ematics. Your score in this section does not count; the results are used solely
by the test-makers in devising future tests. The order of the sections of SAT
I is not fixed. You will not be told which section is the experimental one, so
it is important that you do your best on every section.
The following is a schematic representation of a typical SAT I. While
the ordering of the sections—as well as the timing and number of ques-
tions within each section—may vary, the format will adhere to this basic
scheme.

3
4 Introduction

TYPICAL FORMAT OF SAT I

Section Time Allowed

SECTION 1: CRITICAL READING 25 min.

Sentence Completions
Critical Reading
SECTION 2: MATHEMATICS 25 min.
Mathematics
SECTION 3: CRITICAL READING 20 min.
Critical Reading
SECTION 4: MATHEMATICS 20 min.
Mathematics
SECTION 5: CRITICAL READING 25 min.
Sentence Completions
Critical Reading
SECTION 6: MATHEMATICS 25 min.
Student-Produced Responses
SECTION 7: WRITING 35 min.
Essay

TYPES OF SAT
VERBAL REASONING QUESTIONS
The verbal sections of the SAT I test vocabulary, verbal reasoning, and the
ability to understand reading passages. These skills are measured by means
of two question types:
1. Sentence Completions
2. Critical Reading, both short and long passages

Sentence Completions
This type of question tests your ability to recognize relationships among
the parts of a sentence so that you can choose the word or words that best
complete each sentence.

www.petersons.com
 About the SAT 5

Example:

Conditions in the mine were ----, so the mine workers refused to

return to their jobs until the dangers were ----.
(A) filthy .. disbanded
(B) hazardous .. eliminated
(C) deplorable .. collated
(D) conducive .. ameliorated
(E) illegal .. enhanced
The correct answer is (B). The workers wanted the hazardous conditions
eliminated.

Critical Reading
This type of question tests your ability to read and understand passages
taken from any of the following categories: humanities, social sciences,
natural sciences, and fiction or nonfiction narrative.
Based upon reading selections ranging from 200 to 850 words, critical
reading questions may require you to
• Recognize the meaning of a word as used in context
• Interpret specific information presented in the passage
• Analyze information in one part of the passage in terms of information
presented in another part of the passage
• Evaluate the author’s assumptions or identify the logical structure of
the passage
Some reading selections consist of a pair of passages that present different
points of view on the same or related subjects. The passages may support
each other, oppose each other, or in some way complement each other.
Some questions relate to each passage separately and others ask you to
compare, contrast, or evaluate the two passages.

www.petersons.com
6 Introduction

Example:
Private enterprise is no stranger to the Opposition to the use of prison labor
American prison. When the United States from rival manufacturers and from the
replaced corporal punishment with con- growing organized labor movement began
finement as the primary punishment for (25) to emerge in the latter part of the nine-
(5) criminals in the early nineteenth century, teenth century as more and more prison-
the private sector was the most frequent ers were put to work for the private sector.
employer of convict labor. Prisoners were Opposition reached a peak during the
typically either leased to private compa- Great Depression when Congress passed
nies who set up shop in the prison or used (30) a series of laws designed to prohibit the
(10) by prison officials to produce finished movement of prison-made goods in inter-
goods for a manufacturer who supplied the state commerce, thus insuring that these
raw materials to the prison. The former products would not compete with those
arrangement was called the contract sys- made by outside labor. Many state legis-
tem, while the latter came to be known as (35) latures followed suit, forbidding the open
(15) the piece-price system. In both instances, market sale or importation of prison-made
a private company paid the prison a fee goods within their borders and effectively
for the use of prison labor, which was used barring the private sector from the prison.
to partially offset the expense of operat- As a consequence, prison-based manufac-
ing the prison. Blatant exploitation of in- (40) turing operations became state-owned and
(20) mates sometimes developed as a -operated businesses, selling goods in a
consequence of these systems. highly restricted market.

1. Prisons stopped producing readily available goods due to all of the

following except
(A) laws passed by state legislatures
(B) laws passed by the Congress of the United States
(C) opposition from organized labor
(D) dissatisfaction of the prisoners
(E) opposition from rival manufacturers
The correct answer is (D). This question requires you to apply informa-
tion given in the passage. There is no mention of prisoner dissatisfaction,
so (D) is correct. Choice (A) is mentioned in lines 34–38, choice (B) is
mentioned in lines 29–34, and choices (C) and (E) are mentioned in lines
22–26.

2. In the arrangement known as the “contract system”

(A) companies set up shop inside a prison and used prisoners for
labor
(B) manufacturers supplied raw materials to the prison
(C) all of the prisoners signed a contract to produce a certain
amount of goods
(D) prisoners with suitable skills would contact the companies
(E) exploitation inevitably ensued
The correct answer is (A). This question requires you to interpret details.
In lines 8–9, the contract system is defined as a system in which prisoners
were “leased to private companies who set up shop in the prison.”

www.petersons.com
 About the SAT 7

3. According to the passage, which of the following was instrumental in

the development of the private sector in prison?
(A) Seed money from the federal government
(B) The replacement of corporal punishment with confinement
(C) The crudeness of the original prison system
(D) The constant exploitation of the prisoners by manufacturers
(E) The pieceprice and contract system
The correct answer is (B). This question requires you to evaluate infor-
mation. Choice (B) is stated in the second sentence of the passage.

4. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

(A) There is no longer any private sector work done in prisons.
(B) Legislatures are ready to repeal the previously passed prison
laws.
(C) Prison systems were once fully supported by the fees paid by
the private sector.
(D) The Great Depression was caused by excessive prison labor.
(E) Piece-price was more profitable than the contract system.
The correct answer is (A). This question requires you to make an infer-
ence. Choice (A) follows from the last sentence of the passage.

GENERAL TEST-TAKING TIPS

The SAT contains several critical reading sections. On a typical past SAT,
the nonexperimental sections would contain 78 verbal questions. Of these,
typically 19 would be sentence completions, 19 would be verbal analogies,
and 40 would be critical reading questions.

The SAT contains an experimental section.

One of the sections of your SAT will be an experimental section. That is,
the test-writers will be using it to try out new questions for future exams.
The experimental section may contain either critical reading or math ques-
tions. You won’t be told which section is the experimental one, so you will
need to do your best on every section.

Every section of the SAT has a time limit.

You are allowed to work on a section only during the time set aside for that
section. You cannot go back to an earlier section, and you cannot skip ahead
to a later section. Since you only have one chance to answer the questions
in a section, make sure you use your time wisely.

Learn to pace yourself to get your highest score.

Your verbal SAT score is based on a formula that takes into account the
number of questions you answer correctly and the number of questions you
answer incorrectly. The formula is:

www.petersons.com
8 Introduction

1
Number Correct – ( 4 × Number Incorrect) = Raw Score
Questions left blank do not affect your score. For example, a student
who answers a total of 55 verbal questions correctly and 20 incorrectly
(leaving 5 blank) would have the following raw score:
1
Correct – ( 4 × Incorrect) = Raw Score
1
55 – ( 4 (20)) = 50

The raw score is then converted to a scaled score (the 200 to 800 scale)
using another formula. To give you some idea of how many answers you
need for a certain score, here is a partial listing of raw score/scaled score
conversions:

Verbal Raw Score Verbal Scaled Score

(0 to 80) (200 to 800)

80 800
75 750
60 610
50 540
30 470

Practice under timed conditions to find the best balance

between speed and accuracy.
Since your critical reading score is based on the number of questions you
answer correctly, less an adjustment for questions you answer incorrectly,
you can get your maximum score only if you learn to balance speed with
accuracy. You can’t afford to go so fast that you miss a lot of questions due
to carelessness. On the other hand, you can’t afford to be so careful that
you just don’t get to a lot of questions.

Don’t waste time on specific questions.

Each critical reading question counts exactly one point toward your raw
score. The easiest question on the test counts one point, and the hardest
question counts one point. So don’t waste time working on a question that
you can’t seem to solve. When you reach the point at which you realize
you’re not making progress, leave that question. Come back to it later if
you have time.

Sentence completions are arranged in increasing order of

difficulty.
The questions get harder as you go along. The first question will be one
anyone can answer. By the middle of the section, you will find some ques-
tions that are difficult. By the end of the section, you will encounter some
very difficult questions. Thus, work as quickly as you can through the ear-

www.petersons.com
 About the SAT 9

lier questions in a section; you can use the extra time to answer the difficult
questions that come later.

You can vary your order of attack within a section.

Within the time limit, you can attack the questions in the section in any
order you want to. You could do analogies first even though they are not
presented first. Is there any advantage to doing the problems out of order?
Maybe— critical reading questions are based on a selection that may be as
long as 800 words. You can’t answer the critical reading questions until
you’ve done the reading. Wouldn’t it be a shame to read a critical reading
selection and run out of time before you have a chance to answer the ques-
tions? So, if you are having a problem with time, make sure that you an-
swer all of the short questions (analogies and sentence completions) before
you tackle the critical reading. But be careful that you mark your answer
sheet correctly!

Bring a watch to the exam.

Your exam room may not have a clock. To keep track of the passing time,
make sure that you bring your own timepiece. You don’t have to have a
fancy stop watch; a simple watch will do.

If you are able to eliminate one or more answers to a question,

you should guess.
In the scoring system, the guessing penalty is calculated to eliminate the
advantage of random guessing. It should not affect educated guessing. To
prove this to yourself, ask what would happen if you guessed at random on
20 questions. Since there are five answer choices to each question, you
would get one out of every five questions right and miss the rest. Since you
would get four questions right and miss 16, your raw score would be:
1
Correct – ( 4 × Incorrect) = Raw Score
1
4 – ( 4 (16)) = 0
A completely neutral result. But now think about what would happen if
you make educated guesses. Assume that in each of the 20 questions you
can eliminate even just one answer choice. That would leave four rather
than five choices for each question, so you would expect to get one out of
every four correct. Since you would get five questions right and miss only
15, your raw score would be:
1
Correct – ( 4 × Incorrect) = Raw Score
1 1
5 – ( 4 (15)) = 1 4

That number will be rounded off to the nearest integer, so your net gain
would be +1 on the raw score. And that could make you jump 10 points on
the scaled score, e.g., from 510 to 520 or from 630 to 640!

www.petersons.com
10 Introduction

Make sure you mark the answer spaces completely and neatly.
The SAT, for the most part, is a machine-graded exam. You enter your re-
sponses on an answer sheet by darkening ovals. Be careful! The machine
can only read what you’ve put down. If you make a mistake in marking
your answer sheet, even though you know the right answer, the machine
will read a wrong answer.

Mark your answers in groups.

Instead of working a question and marking an answer and working a ques-
tion and marking an answer and so on, work a group of problems in your
test booklet, and then mark your answers. With this system, there is less
chance that you will make a mistake as you enter your answers.

Create a record-keeping system for yourself.

You’ll find that there are some questions you can answer easily, others that
you can’t answer immediately but think you can if you come back later and
do some more work, and still others that you can’t answer at all. You’ll
probably be going back and forth a good deal. To help keep track of what
you have done and what you haven’t done, create for yourself a system of
symbols. For example, circle the answer you think is correct. Or if you
aren’t able to answer a question definitely and intend to come back to it
later, put a question mark by the number of that question and put an “x”
over any choice you have already eliminated.

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

This is not an ordinary SAT exercise book. Every test is graded for diffi-
culty so that you can pace yourself according to your needs. Level A ques-
tions are slightly easier than actual SAT questions; level B questions are
approximately equal in difficulty to real exam questions; level C questions
are more difficult; and level D questions are of varying degrees of diffi-
culty. Level D tests have a difficulty level approximately equal to that of a
regular SAT.
If the equivalent score on the diagnostic test is below the level required
by the college of your choice, you may need to improve your study skills or
your understanding of the exam or both. The diagnostic test’s explanatory
answers will help you find out whether your vocabulary and critical read-
ing skills are what they should be. In addition, by studying the test-taking
hints preceding each section you will become more familiar with the actual
exam format, which will in turn enable you to work on the questions in an
efficient, orderly way. The guidelines below should be followed for maxi-
mum results:
1. Take and score the diagnostic test.
2. Analyze your results to see how well you did in each question category.

www.petersons.com
 About the SAT 11

3. Study the advice given, as well as the pre-test and analysis in each
category.
4. Apportion your time for the drill tests according to the amount of trouble
you had in each category.
5. Retest yourself periodically between the time you take the diagnostic
test and the time you plan to take your SAT. Use the three practice
critical reading tests. If, for example, there are nine weeks from the
time you took your diagnostic test until your SAT, you should plan
on taking the practice critical reading tests in the third, sixth, and
ninth weeks.

Your scores should keep climbing as continued practice gives you confi-
dence and experience.

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 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
 On the 6th of June, the regiment performed the melancholy duty of
attending to the grave the remains of its beloved and lamented
commanding officer, Lieut.-Colonel Henry Browne. He had entered
the regiment in 1800 as an ensign, when sixteen years of age, and
had never belonged to any other: his qualities as a man and a
soldier endeared him to all. In the meantime hostilities had
commenced between the British and the Burmese, and on the 5th of
October the regiment embarked for Ava, to reinforce the army in that
country, in four divisions, which landed at Rangoon between the 3rd
and 10th of November, and immediately proceeded in boats towards
Prome, the head-quarters of the army. During the passage, Major
William Slade Gully’s division was attacked from the bank of the
river, on the 25th of November, by a strong party of Burmese, which
was immediately repulsed on the troops being landed. Lieutenant
and Adjutant James Bowes, in command of the advanced guard,
was wounded, and two privates killed.
Six companies of the regiment, with Major Gully, Captains Charles
Lucas and George Rodney Bell, and John Day; Lieutenants John
Baylee, William Bateman, Robert Joseph Kerr, William Lenox
Stafford, with Assistant Surgeons William Brown, M.D., and William
Peter Birmingham, reached Prome in time to share in the operations
of the 1st and 2nd of December, which terminated in the entire
discomfiture of the enemy. On this occasion the regiment maintained
its unvarying reputation for cool and distinguished gallantry:
Lieutenant Baylee and two men were killed; Major Gully and twenty-
one men were wounded.
1826
.

On the 8th of January 1826, Lieut.-Colonel Hunter Blair joined the

regiment, and was appointed a Brigadier, the Eighty-seventh being
in his brigade.
On the 19th of January Brigadier Thomas Hunter Blair, Lieut.-
Colonel of the regiment, commanded the right column of attack at
the capture of Melloone, consisting of the Eighty-ninth regiment and
the flank companies of the Forty-seventh and Eighty-seventh with
Captain James Moore (major of brigade), Brevet Captain James
Kennelly, Lieutenants Henry Gough Baylee, Edmund Cox, George
Mainwaring, William Lenox Stafford, and Joseph Thomas, and
Assistant Surgeon Birmingham. No loss was sustained.
The day after the fall of Melloone, the Bengal division, under
Brigadier Shawe, made a flank movement from the river Irrawaddy,
and entered a well-cultivated country abounding in cattle, eight
hundred head of which were secured, and they proved a most
seasonable supply to the army.
On the 28th of January the Eighty-seventh, with the flank
companies of the Twenty-eighth native infantry, and detachments of
the Governor-General’s body-guard and artillery, under Brigadier
Hunter Blair, were sent from Tongwyn, to attack the position of
Moulmein, eleven miles distant. The flank companies of the Eighty-
seventh had one man killed and five wounded in forcing a piquet
half way to Moulmein, which had been in part evacuated the
preceding day. The position, being a great annoyance to the
surrounding country, was destroyed, and the troops returned to
camp the same evening.
On the 21st of February, the Bengal division rejoined head-
quarters at Yandaboo; and on the 24th of February a royal salute
announced the termination of the Burmese war.
The constancy and valour of the British troops had thus forced the
monarch of an Eastern empire, with its myriads of inhabitants, to sue
for peace; and their conduct is thus alluded to in the order issued by
the Governor-General of India.

“While the Governor-General in Council enumerates, with

sentiments of unfeigned admiration, the achievements of the
First or Royals, the Thirteenth, Thirty-eighth, Forty-first, Forty-
fifth, Forty-seventh, Eighty-seventh, and Eighty-ninth
regiments, the Honorable Company’s Madras European
regiment, and the Bengal and Madras European artillery, as the
European troops which have had the honor of establishing the
renown of the British arms in a new and distant region, his
 Lordship in Council feels that higher and more justly-merited
praise cannot be bestowed on those brave troops than that,
amidst the barbarous hosts which they have fought and
conquered, they have eminently displayed the virtues and
sustained the character of the British soldier.”

In commemoration of the meritorious conduct of the Eighty-

seventh and other corps, the royal authority was subsequently
granted for the word “Ava” to be borne on the regimental colour and
appointments.
Brigadier Shawe, on the 1st of March, was compelled to proceed
to Rangoon, in consequence of ill health.
On the 8th of March, the portion of the army that was ordered to
return by land, marched from Yandaboo, under the command of
Brigadier Hunter Blair. It consisted of the Eighty-seventh, the
Governor-General’s body-guard, the Horse artillery, the Twenty-
eighth, Thirty-eighth, and Forty-third Madras native infantry, and a
battalion of the Madras pioneers. The column reached Prome, a
distance of two hundred and ninety miles, on the 3rd of April, having
had only one halting day, which was St. Patrick’s.
The Eighty-seventh remained at Prome, as the rear-guard of the
army, until the arrangements for the final evacuation of the province
was completed; on the 15th of April it embarked in the flotilla, and
reached Rangoon on the 21st of that month.
On the 27th of April was received the melancholy intelligence of
the death of Lieut.-Colonel Matthew Shawe, C.B., which lamented
event took place on board His Majesty’s sloop, “Slany,” Captain
Thornton, on the 10th of that month, within one day’s sail of Penang,
where he was buried with all military honors. He was much regretted
as an excellent man, and an officer of conspicuous gallantry. His life
was sacrificed to his zeal for active service, for such was the state of
his health, on leaving Calcutta, that his medical advisers used every
endeavour to dissuade him from proceeding to Ava.[9]
 Lieut.-Colonel Hunter Blair, became senior Lieut.-Colonel of the
regiment, of which he assumed the command on the 1st of June, on
the reduction of the staff in Ava.
On the 1st of September, Lieutenant Edmund Cox, with twenty-
eight flankers, proceeded to Ava, as escort to the envoy, they being
the first British soldiers who had visited that capital.
An order was received at Rangoon, on the 16th of October,
directing that in consequence of the intended return of the Eighty-
seventh to England, the men should be permitted to volunteer for
the Forty-fifth regiment, also in garrison: one hundred and twenty-
three men availed themselves of this offer.
On the 22nd of October, the head-quarters embarked for Calcutta,
which they reached on the 16th of November, and were joined by the
rest of the regiment on the 24th of that month.
Besides those already named, the regiment had to regret the
death (in Ava) of two old and much valued officers, Captain Peter
Benson Husband and Surgeon Alexander Leslie; and of Lieutenant
Nicholas Milley Doyle, and Ensign Richard Loveday, two most
promising young men, who were drowned in the Irrawaddy, and of
above one hundred and eighty non-commissioned officers and
soldiers, chiefly from dysentery.
After the return of the regiment from Ava, it had the honor of being
reviewed at Calcutta by General Lord Combermere, G.C.B.,
Commander-in-chief in India, and inspected by Major-General
Robert Alexander Dalzell, afterwards the Earl of Carnwath.
On the 13th of November, the volunteering re-commenced, and
continued, with intervals, to the 27th of December, during which two
hundred and fifty-nine men turned out, for the Sixteenth lancers,
Thirteenth, Thirty-first, Thirty-eighth, and Forty-fourth regiments and
East India Company’s service, reducing the regiment in India to two
hundred and eighty men.
1827
.
 On the 1st of February the head-quarters, with nine companies,
sailed from Calcutta in the free trader “Lord Lynedoch,” leaving the
remainder of the regiment to follow in the “Cornwall.”
It may be remarked, as a singular circumstance, that the regiment
should return to England in a ship bearing the name of the hero
under whom it gained the decoration of the eagle at Barrosa, and still
more remarkable, that its actual commanding officer, Lieut.-Colonel
Hunter Blair, had proceeded to India in the “Barrosa.”
The following general order, dated the 29th of January, was
published by his Excellency General Lord Combermere, on the
embarkation of the regiment.

“The Commander-in-Chief having directed the embarkation

of the Eighty-seventh regiment, on its return home, his
Lordship cannot allow the corps to leave India, without
expressing his high approbation of its services. Of the conduct
of this corps, during its services in Ava, his Lordship has had
the most favourable reports; and he has every confidence that,
wherever its future destinies may lead it, the Eighty-seventh
regiment will always add to its spirited and distinguished
military reputation.”

On the 27th of April the head-quarters reached St. Helena, and

remained there four days.
On the 23rd of June 1827 the Eighty-seventh landed in England,
and was placed on the British establishment from that day inclusive,
and marched into Chatham Barracks; from thence, after being
inspected, and the invalids discharged, the regiment was moved by
water on the 7th of July to Albany Barracks, Isle of Wight, the
effective strength at head-quarters being two hundred and eighty
rank and file.
In consequence of the continued career of brilliant services which
has distinguished the regiment from its first taking the field, to its
return to England, a period of thirty-three years, General Sir John
Doyle felt it an imperative duty, as its Colonel, to bring those services
under the notice of its revered and beloved Sovereign, and humbly
to solicit for the corps some mark of His Majesty’s royal favour.
The gracious manner in which the King had condescended to view
the conduct of his Eighty-seventh regiment, and the encouraging
expressions with which His Majesty has been pleased to convey his
approbation of its services, must be so cheering to the hearts of
every member of the corps, that the circumstance naturally claims a
place in the records of the regiment.
On the 20th of June 1827, the Colonel addressed the following
letter to the Adjutant-General of the Forces, Major-General Sir Henry
Torrens, K.C.B.:

“4. Somerset Street, Portman Square,

“20th June 1827.
“Sir,
“I have the honor to represent to you that the Eighty-
seventh regiment, under my command, has arrived in
England, after a service of twenty-one years in tropical
climates.
“It has just returned from the Burmese campaign, where it
has obtained additional honors to those it had formerly won.
“To you, Sir, who so well know the character of every corps in
the army, it is unnecessary to detail the services of the Eighty-
seventh. It is now thirty-three years since I had the honor to
raise it, thirty-one years of which period it has been upon
foreign service; on the continent of Europe, the Peninsula,
South America, and the East and West Indies. In all the well-
fought actions where it bore a part in both hemispheres, it has
been distinguished in general orders. My authority is the
Government Gazette.
“Under these circumstances, may I be permitted to hope that
you will do me the favour to lay at His Majesty’s feet my
humble petition that the Eighty-seventh regiment may be
appointed a light infantry corps, which, as being a mark of His
Majesty’s approbation, would be most gratifying to those brave
men, who have so freely bled, and would lay down their lives,
to manifest their devoted attachment to their gracious and
beloved Sovereign. Perhaps, Sir, you will have the less
difficulty in complying with my request, when I mention that,
immediately after the action of Barrosa, I received the following
note from Lord Lynedoch, written from the field of battle:

“My dear Doyle,

“Your regiment has covered itself with glory.
Recommend it and its commander to the notice of its
illustrious patron, the Prince Regent. Too much cannot
be done for the corps.”

“I presented it to his Royal Highness, who graciously said, ‘It

is very true, and I will do any thing you wish for the regiment;
will you have it made Royal?’ I respectfully declined the honor,
for reasons his Royal Highness did not disapprove.
“For the correctness of this statement I humbly appeal to His
Majesty, who never forgets any circumstance relating to those
who have faithfully and zealously served him.
“I have, &c.,
(Signed) “I. Doyle,
“Colonel of the Eighty-seventh,
or Prince of Wales’s Own Irish
Regiment, and General.
“Major-General Sir Henry Torrens, K.C.B., Adjutant-General
of the Forces, Horse Guards.”

To which letter the following answer was returned:

“Horse Guards,
“6th July 1827.
“Sir,
 “I have had the honor to lay before the King your letter of the
20th instant, requesting that the Eighty-seventh, or Prince of
Wales’s Own Irish regiment, of which you are colonel, may be
made a corps of Light Infantry.
“On this occasion His Majesty has commanded me to
express to you the perfect sense he entertains of the high and
meritorious character of the Eighty-seventh regiment, and of
the long course of brilliant services which have distinguished its
career,—services which, the King has condescended to
observe, have been impressed upon his memory by the
recollection of more than one trophy captured from the enemy,
and by the interest His Majesty must always take in a regiment
which possesses, from its title, an early and peculiar claim to
his protection.
“But with every disposition to accede to your wishes, the
King laments that it is out of his power to grant your request
without inconvenience to the public service, as well as a
deviation from the principle that has guided His Majesty’s
refusal on similar occasions. I am at the same time instructed
to accompany this expression of the King’s regret, with the
assurance of the gracious sense which His Majesty entertains
of the services of the Prince of Wales’s Own Irish regiment, and
of the personal interest he must always take in its welfare and
honor.
“I have, &c.,
(Signed) “H. Torrens,
“Adjutant-General.
“General Sir John Doyle, Bart., G.C.B., Colonel
of the Eighty-seventh Regiment.”

In his reply to the above communication, in a letter dated the 11th

of July 1827, General Sir John Doyle preferred a request, that the
Eighty-seventh might be styled the “Prince of Wales’s Own Irish
Regiment of Fusiliers,” in the following terms:—
 “England, Scotland, and Wales, have each their national
fusilier regiments; Ireland alone is without one. The prayer of
my petition is, that the blank may be filled up by the Prince of
Wales’s Own Irish regiment, to be honored by the title of the
Prince of Wales’s Own Irish Fusiliers. Thus shall we preserve
the endearing title we so highly prize; retain the national
colours under which we have so long fought; and avoid
collision with any regiment that might have been honored with
the name of Royal.”

This request was complied with, and the result was communicated
to General Sir John Doyle in the following letter from the Adjutant-
General:

“Horse Guards,
“16th July, 1827.
“Sir,
“In reply to your letter of the 11th instant, I have the honor to
acquaint you, that the King has been graciously pleased to
approve of the Eighty-seventh regiment, of which you are
Colonel, receiving the title of the Prince of Wales’s Own Irish
Fusiliers, as a mark of His Majesty’s most gracious favour, and
in consideration of the extraordinary distinction that has marked
the career of the corps on all occasions.
“I have, &c.
(Signed) “H. Torrens,
“Adjutant-General.
“General Sir John Doyle, Bart. G.C.B.,
Colonel of the Eighty-seventh Regiment, &c. &c.”

It was directed that the Eighty-seventh should wear blue facings,

instead of green, in order to render it uniform with the other fusilier
regiments.
 A further communication was made by the Adjutant-General to
General Sir John Doyle, of which the following is an extract:—

“Horse Guards,
“17th November 1827.
“Sir,
“I have the honor to acquaint you, that the King has been
pleased to approve of the Eighty-seventh regiment assuming
the title “Royal,” and its being in future styled the Eighty-
seventh or Royal Irish Fusiliers, instead of the Prince of
Wales’s Own Irish Fusiliers.
“His Majesty has further been pleased to approve the
patterns of facings and lace proposed by you for the uniform of
the officers, non-commissioned officers, drummers, and
privates of the Eighty-seventh or Royal Irish Fusiliers, and to
command that the same be adopted from the 25th of
December 1829, when the clothing now in possession of the
regiment shall be worn out.
“I have, &c.
(Signed) “H. Torrens,
“Adjutant-General.
“General Sir John Doyle, Bart., G.C.B., Colonel
of the Eighty-seventh, or Royal Irish Fusiliers.”

The regiment was inspected on the 2nd of November by Major-

General Sir James Lyon, K.C.B. and G.C.H., who was pleased to
express his unqualified approbation of the progress made during four
months in the formation of a corps nearly composed of recruits, and
which he declared to have surpassed his most sanguine expectation.
1828
.

On the 19th of May 1828 the regiment was reviewed by General

Lord Hill, commanding in chief, who expressed himself highly
pleased with its evolutions and general appearance; and his
Lordship also alluded to the favorable opinion entertained of the
corps by the inhabitants of the Isle of Wight, in consequence of its
quiet and orderly conduct in quarters.
The regiment was inspected on the 5th of June by Major-General
Sir Colin Campbell, K.C.B., and had the gratification of obtaining his
approbation.
The regiment, which, upon its arrival at Albany Barracks eleven
months previously, had only two hundred and eighty rank and file
present, was now within thirty-four of its establishment (seven
hundred and forty), the recruits having been chiefly enlisted in
Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Carrick-on-Shannon, and Galway.
The regiment quitted Albany Barracks on the 7th of July, where it
had been stationed one year, and marched by Portsmouth and
Maidstone to Chatham, which it reached on the 15th of that month.
On the 24th July, a route was received directing the regiment to
march immediately for London, thence to proceed by the Paddington
Canal to such destination as might be ordered. It was mustered, and
marched in three hours after the receipt of the route, and arrived in
Lambeth on the third day.
The regiment was reviewed on the 28th of July by General Sir
John Doyle, Bart., attended by Major-General Sir Henry Torrens,
K.C.B., Adjutant-General of the forces, and numerous other officers,
when its appearance elicited unqualified approbation.
On the 29th of July the regiment embarked in seventeen boats on
the Paddington Canal, landed at Northwich and Middlewich on the
2nd, and marched into Chester Castle on the 4th of August.
Towards the end of September two alarming fires broke out in the
city of Chester: the very serious consequences that threatened were
chiefly counteracted by the bold and active intrepidity displayed by
the soldiers of the regiment in extinguishing the conflagration, and by
the exertions of the officers to secure the property of the inhabitants.
These services were acknowledged in a vote of thanks from the
Commissioners of Police to Lieut.-Colonel Blair, the officers, and
soldiers of the regiment.
 Various letters of thanks to the regiment also appeared in the
Chester newspapers, from those inhabitants whose property was
chiefly endangered.
On the 11th of October the regiment was inspected by Major-
General Sir Henry Bouverie, K.C.B., who was pleased to express
himself much pleased with its appearance, movements, and interior
economy.
A circular from the Horse Guards, dated the 5th of December, was
received, which directed regiments not to recruit beyond six hundred
and ninety rank and file, being fifty short of the nominal
establishment of seven hundred and forty rank and file.
1829
.

On the 19th of April 1829, under instruction from the Secretary of

State, three companies, commanded by Major Gully, marched
towards Abergelly, in Denbighshire, forty miles distant, in order to
prevent a riot, expected on the ejection by the high sheriff, at the suit
of the Bishop of St. Asaph, of a body of miners, from an extensive
lime quarry, of which they refused to give up possession, in
consequence of having enjoyed the privilege of working it for many
years. The miners having submitted, the detachment rejoined head-
quarters in four days, and fortunately without its interference being
required.
On the 14th of May the regiment was again inspected by Major-
General Sir Henry Bouverie, and received his entire approbation.
The regiment moved from Chester on the 19th of May, where it
had been quartered between nine and ten months. Previously to its
departure, the following letter was received from the mayor of
Chester.

“Town Clerk’s Office,

“Chester, 16th May 1829.
“Sir,
 “Understanding that the Eighty-seventh Royal Irish
Fusiliers are about to quit Chester, the mayor and magistrates
of this city cannot allow you to leave without expressing the
very high sense entertained of the general urbanity of yourself
and brother officers; and the prompt exertions of the officers,
and good conduct of the privates upon several trying
occasions, when the safety and property of the city were
threatened by fire.
“For the Magistrates of the City,
(Signed) “Robert Morris,
“Mayor.
“Lieut.-Colonel Hunter Blair, &c.”

On the 20th of May the regiment occupied the following stations:

head-quarters and four companies at Stockport; two companies at
Macclesfield; two at Oldham; one company at Hyde, and one at
Ashton-under-Lyne.
The following highly gratifying letter was received on the 14th of
June:—

“Head Quarters, Rotherham,

“11th June 1829.
“Sir,
“It is with great pleasure that I obey the orders of the General
Commanding in chief, to express to you the satisfaction he has
felt at the favorable report which I was enabled to make in my
half-yearly confidential report upon the state of the Eighty-
seventh regiment under your command; and it is his
Lordship’s desire that you make this expression of his
sentiments known to the regiment.
(Signed) “H. F. Bouverie,
“Major-General.
“Lieut.-Colonel Hunter Blair,
Commanding Eighty-seventh Regiment.”
 On the 7th of July, the regiment left Salford Barracks, Manchester,
and occupied the following stations. Head-quarters and four
companies at Bolton in Lancashire; four companies at Blackburn,
and two companies at Oldham. Prior to quitting Manchester a letter
was received from Robert Sharpe, Esq., constable of Manchester,
expressive of the regret of his colleagues, the inhabitants of the
place, and himself, at the sudden departure of the regiment, and in
which a marked tribute was paid by the authorities to its “exemplary
conduct” while stationed in that town.
1830
.

On the 25th of December 1830, the regiment commenced wearing

the royal uniform and appointments, in compliance with the Adjutant-
General’s letter of the 15th of October 1827: also Oxford-mixture
pantaloons, which were introduced into the army by circular, dated
10th of February 1829.
By circular letter from the Adjutant-General, dated the 18th of
March, a red fatigue jacket was substituted for the infantry of the
army, in lieu of the white jacket formerly in wear.
By a circular letter from the Adjutant-General, dated the 22nd of
April, regiments were directed not to recruit beyond six hundred and
sixty rank and file, being eighty under the nominal establishment of
seven hundred and forty.
The regiment was twice inspected at Manchester by Major-
General Sir Henry Bouverie, on the 21st of November 1829, and the
28th of May 1830, on which last occasion the Major-General
declared that it had gained, in all respects, his most unqualified
approbation.
The regiment remained at Manchester until July 1830, when it was
removed to Bolton-le-Moors: it embarked for Ireland in September
following, and was stationed at Newry until November, when it
returned to England, and was quartered at Plymouth.
1831
.
 On the 1st of January 1831, an orderly-room clerk was authorised
to be borne on the establishment.
In the early part of the year 1831, directions were given for the
formation of the regiment into six service and four depôt companies,
and on the 23rd of February the service companies embarked for the
Mauritius, where they arrived in June following: the depôt companies
were left at Devonport.
1833
.
1834
.

The depôt companies remained at Devonport until October 1833,

when they proceeded to Fort Cumberland; from thence to Gosport in
December following, and to Portsmouth in February 1834.
On the 15th of August 1834, Major-General Sir Thomas Reynell,
Bart., K.C.B., was removed from the colonelcy of the Ninety-ninth to
that of the Eighty-seventh regiment, in succession to General Sir
John Doyle, Bart., G.C.B., deceased.
1835
.
1839
.

The depôt companies remained at Portsmouth until August 1835,

when they were moved to Chatham: they embarked for Ireland in
August 1836, and were stationed at Nenagh; proceeded to Birr in
September 1837, to Longford in December, and Castlebar in May
following, where they remained until April 1839, when they were
removed to Boyle: they proceeded to Virginia in July, to Drogheda in
August, and to Dublin in September 1839.
On the 12th of August 1839, the establishment of the Eighty-
seventh Royal Irish Fusiliers was increased to forty-seven
serjeants, fourteen drummers, forty corporals, and seven hundred
and sixty privates.
1840
.
1841
.
1842
.

The depôt companies of the regiment returned to England in June

1840, and were stationed at Carlisle: they were removed to
Tynemouth in May, and to Hull in June 1841: they remained at the
latter station until August 1842, when they proceeded to Airdrie, and
in the following month they marched to Paisley.
On the 15th of March 1841, Major-General Sir Hugh (now
Viscount) Gough, K.C.B., was removed from the colonelcy of the
Ninety-ninth to that of the Eighty-seventh regiment, in succession
to Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Reynell, Bart., K.C.B., appointed to the
Seventy-first light infantry.
1843
.

The number of drummers on the establishment of the regiment

was increased from fourteen to seventeen, on the 1st of April 1843.
The service companies had continued at the Mauritius from June
1831 to the 20th of June 1843, when they embarked for the United
Kingdom on board Her Majesty’s ship “Thunderer,” and disembarked
at Devonport on the 30th of September 1843.
On the 29th of September 1843, the depôt companies marched
from Paisley en route to Fort George.
The head-quarters of the regiment were embarked for Scotland on
the 2nd, and arrived at Glasgow on the 4th of October 1843; and on
the 29th the depôt companies were taken on the strength, and
amalgamated with the regiment.
1844
to
1847
.
 The regiment remained at Glasgow until August 1844, when it
marched for Edinburgh, and in July 1845 it moved to Aberdeen: in
September 1846 the regiment proceeded to Newport in
Monmouthshire, and in September 1847 it marched for Weedon.
1848
.

On the 1st of April 1848, the regiment was augmented to fifty-

seven serjeants, twenty-one drummers, fifty corporals, and nine
hundred and fifty privates, and another serjeant was added in the
following year, to raise it to the India establishment.
1849
.

The regiment proceeded to Gravesend in April 1849, and on the

20th of that month it embarked for the East Indies, and arrived at
Calcutta on the 31st of July 1849, and is at present serving in the
Bengal presidency.
1853
.

The depôt company was moved, in March 1849, from Weedon to

Chatham, where it now continues a part of the provisional battalion.

1853.
Madeley lith 3, Wellington St. Strand
 QUEEN’S COLOR
REGIMENTAL COLOR
THE 87TH REGIMENT
OR
THE ROYAL IRISH FUSILIERS
FOR CANNONS MILITARY RECORDS
 FOOTNOTES:

[6] A list of the battalions formed from men raised under the
“Army of Reserve” and “Additional Force Acts” is inserted in
pages 97, &c. of the Appendix.
[7] In June 1806, Buenos Ayres had been captured by the British
under Brigadier-General William Carr Beresford, afterwards
General Viscount Beresford; the place was, however, recovered
by the Spaniards in August following, and the troops became
prisoners.
In the autumn of 1806, an armament, consisting of the Ninth and
Seventeenth light dragoons, detachment of the Twenty-first light
dragoons, Royal artillery and engineers, Fortieth, first battalion of
the Eighty-seventh, and Ninety-fifth (rifle corps) regiments,
proceeded to share in the contest in South America. In October
the Thirty-eighth regiment commanded by Colonel Vassal, and
the Forty-seventh, under Colonel Backhouse, proceeded from the
Cape of Good Hope to the Rio de la Plata, and on finding that
Buenos Ayres had been recaptured by the Spaniards, the troops
under the command of Colonel Backhouse, in conjunction with
the naval squadron under Commodore Sir Home Popham, took
possession of the town of Maldonado, and the island of Gorreti,
on the left bank of the river Plate. In the summer of 1807 an
expedition for a second attempt on Buenos Ayres proceeded to
that part of the world, under the command of Lieut.-General
Whitelocke, who assumed the command of the troops in South
America. Other corps had also proceeded to South America, of
which a list is inserted in the Appendix, page 91.
[8] Lieutenant Fenton was promoted to the rank of Captain in the
Eighty-seventh regiment on the 22nd of April 1817.
[9] A Memoir of the services of Lieut.-Colonel Shawe, is inserted
in the Appendix, page 95.
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