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 Peterson’s

MASTER CRITICAL
READING FOR THE
SAT

978-0-7689-2724-5_MasterCritReadSAT.indb i 9/4/08 11:23:26 AM

 About Peterson’s, a Nelnet company
To succeed on your lifelong educational journey, you will need accurate, dependable, and practical tools and
resources. That is why Peterson’s is everywhere education happens. Because whenever and however you need
education content delivered, you can rely on Peterson’s to provide the information, know-how, and guidance
to help you reach your goals. Tools to match the right students with the right school. It’s here. Personalized
resources and expert guidance. It’s here. Comprehensive and dependable education content—delivered when-
ever and however you need it. It’s all here.

For more information, contact Peterson’s, 2000 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648; 800-338-
3282; or find us on the World Wide Web at www.petersons.com/about.

© 2008 Peterson’s, a Nelnet company

SAT is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not
endorse, this product.

Previous editions published as New SAT Critical Reading Workbook © 2005 and Peterson’s Exer-
cises for the SAT © 2001
Stephen Clemente, President; Fern A. Oram, Content Director; Bernadette Webster, Operations Director;
Laura Paul, Editor; Roger S. Williams, Sales and Marketing; Jill C. Schwartz, Production Editor; Ray
Golaszewski, Manufacturing Manager; Linda M. Williams, Composition Manager; Scott Johns, CD Quality
Assurance

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in
any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web
distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems—without the prior written permission of the publisher.

For permission to use material from this text or product, complete the Permission Request Form at
http://www.petersons.com/permissions.

ISBN-13: 978-0-7689-2724-5
ISBN-10: 0-7689-2724-2

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 09 08

Second Edition

00_fm.indd ii 9/5/08 11:50:15 AM

 OTHER RECOMMENDED TITLES
Peterson’s Master Writing for the SAT
Peterson’s Master Math for the SAT
Peterson’s Master the SAT

978-0-7689-2724-5_MasterCritReadSAT.indb iii 9/4/08 11:23:28 AM

 Petersons.com/publishing
Check out our Web site at www.petersons.com/publishing to see if there is any new information regarding
the test and any revisions or corrections to the content of this book. We’ve made sure the information in
this book is accurate and up-to-date; however, the test format or content may have changed since the time
of publication.

978-0-7689-2724-5_MasterCritReadSAT.indb iv 9/4/08 11:23:29 AM

 Contents
Before You Begin ....................................................................... vii
How This Book Is Organized ......................................................vii
Special Features ..........................................................................viii
You’re Well on Your Way to Success ............................................. ix
Give Us Your Feedback ................................................................. ix

PART I: ALL ABOUT CRITICAL READING

FOR THE SAT
Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Critical Reading ..........................3
Types of Critical Reading Questions ............................................ 3
Vocabulary: Does It Matter? ......................................................... 6
The Best Vocabulary-Building Tips for the SAT ........................... 7
Check Out ....................................................................................... 9

PART II: DIAGNOSING STRENGTHS AND

WEAKNESSES
Chapter 2: Practice Test 1: Diagnostic.....................................15
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................... 23

PART III: PRACTICING CRITICAL READING

Chapter 3: Sentence Completions ..........................................29
What Is a Sentence Completion Question? ................................. 29
How to Answer Sentence Completion Questions ........................ 30
Check In ........................................................................................ 36
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................... 38
Exercises: Level A Sentence Completions ................................... 40
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................... 55
Exercises: Level B Sentence Completions................................... 66
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................... 81
Exercises: Level C Sentence Completions................................... 92
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................. 107
Exercises: Level D Sentence Completions ................................ 118
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................. 133
Check Out ................................................................................... 145
Chapter 4: Passage-Based Reading .....................................147
What Is Passage-Based Reading?.............................................. 147
Types of Passage-Based Reading Questions ............................. 147
Check In ...................................................................................... 154
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................. 159

978-0-7689-2724-5_MasterCritReadSAT.indb v 9/4/08 11:23:29 AM

 vi Contents

Exercises: Level A Passage-Based Reading .............................. 161

Answer Key and Explanations .................................................. 176
Exercises: Level B Passage-Based Reading .............................. 181
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................. 197
Exercises: Level C Passage-Based Reading .............................. 202
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................. 210
Exercises: Level D Passage-Based Reading .............................. 212
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................. 227
Check Out ................................................................................... 231

PART IV: TAKE IT TO THE NEXT LEVEL

Top Techniques for Critical Reading
What Makes a Tough Sentence Completion Question? ........... 235
Strategies for Sentence Completion Questions ....................... 237
The Test-Makers’ Favorite Sentence Connections ................... 243
What Are the Trickiest Types of Passage-Based Reading
Questions? .......................................................................... 249
Six Next-Level Techniques for Effective Reading .................... 259
Summing It Up .......................................................................... 263

PART V: FOUR CRITICAL READING

PRACTICE TESTS
Critical Reading Practice Test 2 .............................................269
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................. 276
Critical Reading Practice Test 3 .............................................281
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................. 288
Critical Reading Practice Test 4 .............................................293
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................. 302
Critical Reading Practice Test 5 .............................................307
Answer Key and Explanations .................................................. 316

APPENDIX
A Helpful Word List ...................................................................321

www.petersons.com

00_fm.indd vi 9/5/08 11:15:49 AM

 Before You Begin
HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED
This book is designed to help you improve your score on the critical
reading sections of the SAT. After a broad overview of critical reading
and a diagnostic test, you will learn about the various types of ques-
tions in the critical reading sections and different strategies for
answering each type of question. You will be presented with practice
exercises of increasing difficulty along with answer keys and compre-
hensive explanations. Then you can “Take It to the Next Level” by
learning strategies for answering the toughest and trickiest questions
on the SAT. Finally, there are four practice tests to measure your
improvement.

TRACKING YOUR PROGRESS

This is not an ordinary SAT exercise book. Every test is graded for
difficulty so that you can pace yourself according to your needs. Level
A questions are slightly easier than actual SAT questions; level B
questions are approximately equal in difficulty to real exam ques-
tions; level C questions are more difficult; and level D questions are
of varying degrees of difficulty. Level D tests have a difficulty level
approximately equal to that of a regular SAT.
If the equivalent score on the diagnostic test is below the level
required by the college of your choice, you may need to improve your
study skills or your understanding of the exam or both. The diag-
nostic test’s answer explanations will help you find out whether your
vocabulary and critical reading skills are sufficient. In addition, by
studying the test-taking tips in each section, you will become more
familiar with the exam format, which will in turn enable you to work
on the questions in an efficient, orderly way. Follow the five steps
below for maximum results:
1. Take and score the diagnostic test.

2. Analyze your results to see how well you did in each category.

3. Study the advice given, as well as the “Check In” and analysis in
each category.

4. Apportion your time for the drill tests according to the amount of
trouble you had in each category.

vii

978-0-7689-2724-5_MasterCritReadSAT.indb vii 9/4/08 11:23:31 AM

 viii Before You Begin

5. Retest yourself periodically between the time you take the diagnostic
test and the time you plan to take your SAT. Use the four critical
reading practice tests. If, for example, there are eight weeks from the
time you took your diagnostic test until your SAT, you should plan
on taking the critical reading practice tests in the second, fourth,
sixth, and eighth weeks.
Your scores should keep climbing as continued practice gives you
confidence and experience.

COMPREHENSIVE ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

For the diagnostic test, all practice exercises, and the four practice
tests, comprehensive answer explanations are provided. They explain
the correct answer and the reason for it. They also identify traps,
explain why the other answer choices are wrong, and teach you strat-
egies for answering the question.

SPECIAL FEATURES
Throughout this book, you will find the following special features:

GOALS
At the beginning of each chapter, your goals and objectives are listed.

CHECK IN
Before beginning the exercises in Chapters 3 and 4, these “pretests”
will get you ready to dive into the exercises.

CHECK OUT
At the end of each chapter, you are reminded of your goals for the
chapter so you can ask yourself if you have accomplished them.

A HELPFUL WORD LIST

The appendix contains “A Helpful Word List,” which is a list of words
commonly found on the SAT. Studying these words will increase
your vocabulary and prepare you to do your best on the SAT Critical
Reading Test.

www.petersons.com

978-0-7689-2724-5_MasterCritReadSAT.indb viii 9/4/08 11:23:31 AM

 Before You Begin ix

YOU’RE WELL ON YOUR WAY TO

SUCCESS
Remember that knowledge is power. By using Peterson’s Master
Critical Reading for the SAT, you will be studying the most compre-
hensive preparation guide available for the critical reading sections
of the SAT, and you will become extremely knowledgeable about SAT
critical reading. We look forward to helping you score higher in SAT
critical reading and improve your college prospects. Good luck!

GIVE US YOUR FEEDBACK

Peterson’s publishes a full line of resources to help guide you through
the college admissions process. Peterson’s publications can be found
at your local bookstore, library, and high school guidance office, and
you can access us online at www.petersons.com.
We welcome any comments or suggestions you may have about
this publication and invite you to complete our online survey at
www.petersons.com/booksurvey. Your feedback will help us make your
education dreams possible.

www.petersons.com

978-0-7689-2724-5_MasterCritReadSAT.indb ix 9/4/08 11:23:32 AM

978-0-7689-2724-5_MasterCritReadSAT.indb x 9/4/08 11:23:32 AM
 PART I
ALL ABOUT CRITICAL
READING FOR THE SAT
CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Critical
Reading

02chap1.indd 1 9/4/08 1:35:33 PM

02chap1.indd 2 9/4/08 1:35:33 PM
 Fundamentals of
Critical Reading 1
Your goals for this chapter are to:
• Become familiar with the two types of SAT critical reading
questions.

• Learn some test-taking tips for the critical reading

sections.

Three of the ten sections of the SAT are critical reading sections. You
have twenty-five minutes for two of the sections and twenty minutes
for the third section. The experimental section might test critical
reading, and although this section is unscored, it is also unidentified.
Therefore, it is important you do your best on all sections.
The critical reading sections test critical reading and vocabulary
skills.

TYPES OF CRITICAL READING

QUESTIONS
The critical reading sections of the SAT test vocabulary, verbal rea-
soning, and the ability to understand reading passages. These skills
are measured by two question types:
1. Sentence completions
2. Passage-based reading questions

SENTENCE COMPLETIONS
This type of question tests your knowledge of the meanings of words
and your ability to recognize relationships among the parts of a
sentence so that you can choose the word or words that best complete
each sentence.

Example:

Conditions in the mine were ----, so the mine workers refused to

return to their jobs until the dangers were ----.
(A) filthy .. disbanded
(B) hazardous .. eliminated
(C) deplorable .. collated
(D) conducive .. ameliorated
(E) illegal .. enhanced
The correct answer is (B). The workers wanted the hazardous condi-
tions eliminated.

02chap1.indd 3 9/4/08 1:35:33 PM

 4 PART I: All About Critical Reading for the SAT

PASSAGE-BASED READING
This type of question tests your ability to read and understand
passages taken from any of the following categories: humanities,
social sciences, natural sciences, and fiction or nonfiction narrative.
Based upon reading selections ranging from 100 to about 850
words, passage-based reading questions may require you to
• Recognize the meaning of a word as used in context
• Interpret specific information presented in the passage
• Analyze information in one part of the passage in terms of
information presented in another part of the passage
• Evaluate the author’s assumptions or identify the logical
structure of the passage

Some reading selections consist of a pair of passages that present

different points of view on the same or related subjects. The pas-
sages may support each other, oppose each other, or in some way
complement each other. Some questions relate to each passage sepa-
rately, and others ask you to compare, contrast, or evaluate the two
passages.

Example:
Private enterprise is no stranger to the American prison. When
the United States replaced corporal punishment with con-
finement as the primary punishment for criminals in the early
nineteenth century, the private sector was the most frequent
(5) employer of convict labor. Prisoners were typically either leased
to private companies who set up shop in the prison or used by
prison officials to produce finished goods for a manufacturer
who supplied the raw materials to the prison. The former
arrangement was called the contract system, while the latter
(10) came to be known as the piece-price system. In both instances, a
private company paid the prison a fee for the use of prison labor,
which was used to partially offset the expense of operating the
prison. Blatant exploitation of inmates sometimes developed as
a consequence of these systems.
(15) Opposition to the use of prison labor from rival manu-
facturers and from the growing organized labor movement
began to emerge in the latter part of the nineteenth century
as more and more prisoners were put to work for the private
sector. Opposition reached a peak during the Great Depression
(20) when Congress passed a series of laws designed to prohibit the
movement of prison-made goods in interstate commerce, thus
insuring that these products would not compete with those
made by outside labor. Many state legislatures followed suit,
forbidding the open market sale or importation of prison-made

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02chap1.indd 4 9/4/08 1:35:33 PM

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tauchte Carson
City in der Ferne
auf. Es schmiegte
sich an den Rand
einer großen
Ebene und war
eine genügende
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weiter.

Schluß des IV. Bandes.

[Seinen Aufenthalt in Carson und Nevada schildert der Verfasser im V.
Band, betitelt: »Im Gold- und Silberland.«]
 Weitere Anmerkungen zur Transkription
Offensichtliche Fehler wurden stillschweigend korrigiert. Ansonsten wurde die originale
Schreibweise beibehalten. Die Darstellung der Ellipsen wurde vereinheitlicht.
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