ABDUMUROD BOBONOROV

INGLIZ TILI
SIFAT – RAVISH
QOIDA
MAVZULASHTIRILGAN TEST

2023
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 SIFAT
1. Quyidagi qo’shimchalar bilan tugagan so’zlar sifat hisoblanadi:
(Sifatlarni tarjimasi bilan yodlash!)
-ful: useful (foydali), beautiful (chiroyli), careful (hushyor), skilful (mohir)
-less: useless (foydasiz), helpless (yordamsiz), careless (ehtiyotsiz)
-al: formal (rasmiy), central (markaziy), cultural (madaniy),
-able: comfortable (qulay), reliable (ishonarli), eatable (yesa bo’ladigan)
-ible: sensible (sezgir), visible (ko’rinadigan),
-ant: elegant (nafis), predominant, arrogant (kekkaygan)
-ent: dependent (tobe), intelligent (ziyoli), innocent (aybsiz)
-ic: scientific (ilmiy), heroic (qaxramonona),
-ish: childish (bolalarcha), foolish (ahmoqlarcha),
-ive: attractive (maftunkor), expensive (qimmat), talkative (vaysaqi)
-ly: friendly (do’stona), brotherly (akalarcha), deadly (ashaddiy)
-ous: dangerous (xavfli), curious (qiziquvchan), nervous (asabiy)
-y: dirty (iflos), dusty (changli), sleepy (uqusiragan)

2. Ba’zi sifatlar –ing yoki –ed qo’shimchasi bilan ham yasaladi.

–ing qo’shimchasi bilan tugaydugan sifatlar asosan jonsiz narsalarga nisbatan
ishlatiladi. –ed qo’shimchasi bilan tugaydigan sifatlar esa asosan odamlarga
nisbatan ishlatiladi(Sifatlarni tarjimasi bilan yodlash!):
fascinating – maftunkor fascinated – maftun bo’lgan
exciting – hayajonli excited – hayajonlangan
amusing – xursand qiladigan amused – xursand bo’lgan
amazing – taajjubli amazed – taajjublangan
astonishing – hayratli astonished – hayratlanagan
shocking – dovdiratadigan shocked – dovdiragan
disgusting – ko’ngilni aynitadigan disgusted – ko’ngli aynigan
embarrassing – ikkilantiradigan embarrassed – ikkilangan
confusing – chalkash confused – chalkashgan
horrifying – vahimali horrified – vahimaga tushgan
terrifying – dahshatli terrified – dahshatga tushgan
frightening – qo’rqinchli frightened – qo’rqqan
depressing- tushkun depressed – ko’ngli cho’kkan
worrying – tashvishli worried – tashvishlangan
annoying – xafa qiladigan annoyed – xafa bo’lgan
exhausting – holdan toydiradigan exhausted – holdan toygan
satisfying – qoniqarli satisfied – qoniqqan

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3. Ikki kishi yoki predmet haqida gap borganda, “the latter - keyingisi” yoki
“former - oldingisi” so’zlari ishlatiladi:
I like both Anvar and Nodir. But I prefer the latter.
Men har ikkalasi Anvarni ham Nodirni ham yaxshi ko’raman.
Lekin menga keyingisi (Nodir) ko’proq yoqadi.
4. Ot oldidan birdaniga ikki va undan ortiq sifat kelsa ushbu tartibda joylashadi:

nima uchun
Xususiyat hajm yosh shakl rang kelib chiqish material ishlatish OT
It is a fantastic small new round red Swiss plastic alarm CLOCK

5. Ving va V3 va sanoq sonlar bilan yasaladigan sifatlar ham mavjud:

never ending journey – tugamas sayohat,
broken down washing machine-buzuq kir yuvish mashinasi
a three-hour delay – 3 soatlik kechikuv a two-week holiday - 2 haftalik kanikul
Sanoq son + ot birikmasida raqamdan keyin kelgan ot faqat birlikda bo’ladi.
Oraga chiziqcha qo’yiladi.
6. Sifat asosan otning belgisini bildirib kelsada ingliz tilida ot bilan
ishlatilmaydigan sifatlar mavjud: alive (tirik), alike (o’xshash),
afraid(qo’rqmoq), alone(yolg’iz), ashamed(uyalgan), asleep(uxlagan),
awake(uyg’oq), content (mamnun), glad(xursand), ill(kasal),
pleased(mamnun): The man was alive. Karen is ill today.
(ill boy, glad boy bunday bo’lmaydi);
7. Sifatlar otlashganda “the” artikli bilan ishlatilib orqasidagi ot tushib qoladi.
"THE + SIFAT" elderly, middle-aged, old, young, blind, dead, deaf, rich
The young have a lot of energy.
8. Ravish ish-harakatning belgisini bildirib, ko’pincha fe’ldan keyin keladi:
He works hard. U qattiq ishlaydi.
Lekin: Ravish gapda sifatdan va ikkinchi bir ravishdan oldin kelishi ham
mumkin: He is a very good student. U juda yaxshi studentdir.
She speaks English quite well. U ingilizchani juda yaxshi gapiradi.
!Ravish gapda odatda asosiy fe’ldan keyin, lekin sifat, sifatdosh va ikkinchi bir
ravishdan oldin keladi:
She is amazingly beautiful. He drives very quickly.
Computers are extensively used nowadays.
9. Ko’pgina ravishlar sifatlarga –ly qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali yasaladi:
Adjectives: quick, careful, heavy, serious, quiet, bad, sad,
Adverbs: quickly, carefully, heavily, seriously, quietly, badly, sadly

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Tom is a careful driver. Tom hushyor haydovchi.
Tom drives his car carefully. Tom mashinasini hushyorlik bilan haydaydi.
–ic qo’shimchasi bilan tigagan sifatlarga –ally qo’shimchasini qo’shish bilan
ravish yasaladi: dramatic – dramatically. Lekin: public – publicly.
10. Quyidagi ravish turlari mavjud (Tarjimasi bilan yodlash):
a) Adverbs of place-o’rin-joy ravishlari: Here-(shu yerda), there (u erda),where
(qaerda),inside(ichida),outside (tashqarida), above (ustida), below (tagida),
somewhere (qaerdadir), anywhere (hech qaerda), nowhere (hech qaerda),
elsewhere (yana qaerdadir), nearby(yaqin orada).
b) Adverbs of time (payt ravishlari): now (hozir), when (qachon), then (keyin,
o’shanda), today (bugun), yesterday (kecha), tomorrow (ertaga), before
(oldin), lately (so’nggi paytlarda), never (hech qachon), ever (biror marta),
always (har doim), often (tez-tez), seldom (onda-sonda), usually (odatda),
sometimes (ba’zan), already (allaqachon), yet (hali), still (hali ham), since
(o’shandan buyon);
c) Adverbs of quantity (daraja-miqdor ravishlari): much (ko’p), little (kam),
very (juda), too (juda), so (shunchalar), enough (yetarlicha), hardly, scarcely,
barely (zo’rg’a), nearly (arang), almost (deyarli);
d) Adverbs of manner (holat ravishlari): well (yaxshi), fast (tez), quickly
(tezda), slowly (asta), quietly (tinchgina), easily (osonlik bilan);
11. Agar gapda ikkita yoki uchta ravish kelsa ularning tartibi quyidagicha bo’ladi:
manner (holat ravishi) + place (o’rin-joy ravishi) + time (payt ravishi):
The baby slept quietly in his cot all night long.
Chaqaloq tinch uxladi krovatida tuni bilan.
Agar gapda “go, come, leave” kabi harakat fe’llari kelsa tartib quyidagicha
bo’ladi: place +manner+time: He came to work by bus this morning.
12. Quyidagi so'zlar -ly bilan tugasa ham ular SIFAT hisoblanadi:
elderly, cowardly, friendly, likely, deadly, lively, lonely, silly, ugly, lovely.
Bulardan RAVISH yasash uchun way/manner ni ishlatamiz:
He is friendly. He speaks in a friendly manner

13. Odatda ingliz tilida fe’ldan keyin ravish ishlatiladi, lekin quyidagi ma’nolarda
kelganda quyidagi fe’llardan keyin Sifat ishlatiladi:
be, look, smell, sound, feel, taste, seem, appear, become, get, stay
(ba’zan grow, remind)
to be (bo’lmoq), to get (bo’lmoq), to become (bo’lmoq, aylanmoq); to feel (his
qilmoq), to smell (hiq taratmoq), to taste (maza bermoq), to sound (tuyulmoq,
eshitilmoq), to seem (o’xshamoq), to look (ko’rinmoq), to find (deb bilmoq), to
grow (bo’lmoq), to appear (ko’rinmoq), to stay (saqlanib qolmoq)
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I’m feeling bad. Men o’zimni yomon his qilyapman. The flower smells bad. Gul
yomon hid taratmoqda. I am sad. Men xafaman. I find people offencive who spit
in the street. Men ko’chaga tuflaydigan odamlarni axloqsiz deb o’ylayman;
The day is growing dark Kun qorong’ulashayapti. The music sounds good.
Musiqa yaxshi eshitilyapti.
Look so’zi “ko’rinmoq” ma’nosida kelsa undan keyin hamisha sifat ishlatiladi:
He looks sad. U xafa ko’rinyapti.
Lekin: Look at “qaramoq” ma’nosida kelgan so’zdan keyin ravish ishlatiladi:
He looked at me sadly. U menga xafa bo’lib qaradi.
14. Good (yaxshi) so’zi sifat, Well (yaxshi) so’zi esa ravishdir:
She is a good teacher. U yaxshi o’qituvchi.
She teaches the students well. U talabalarni yaxshi o’qitadi.
Lekin: Well so’zi “sog’lik” ma’nosini ifodalaganda sifat vazifasida keladi:
How are you? Qandaysiz? – I am very well. Men juda yaxshiman.
15. Well ravishi V3 shakli oldidan ham ishlatiladi: well-dressed. Yaxshi kiyingan.
Well-done. Yaxshi bajarilgan. Well-known. Mashhur. Well-educated. Yaxshi o’qigan.
16. Fast (tez), hard (qattiq), late (kech), old (qari) deep (chuqur), high
(baland), free (ozod, tekin), high (baland), low (past) so’zlari ham ravish ham
sifat vazifasida bir xil ishlatiladi. Bu so’zlarg shu ma’noda –ly qo’shimchasi
qo’shilmaydi: He is a fast driver. U tez haydovchi. He drives fast. U tez haydaydi.
He is a hard worker. U qattiq ishchi. He works hard. U qattiq ishlaydi.
I am late. Men kech qoldim. I got up late. Men kech turdim.
17. Lekin: Hardly (zo’rg’a), lately (so’nggi paytlarda) deeply (juda), highly
(juda), freely (bemalol), mostly (asosan) = mainly, nearly (deyarli), prettily
(chiroyli) ravishlari va Hardly ever (=almost never) (deyarli hech qachon)
ravishli birikmasi ham bor. Bu ravishlar boshqa ko’chma ma’noda ishlatiladi:
Have you met Tom lately. So’nggi paytlarda Tomni ko’rdingmi? I could hardly
pass the exam. Men imtihondan arang o’ta oldim. I hardly ever go out in the
evenings. Men kechqurunlari deyarli hech qachon tashqariga chiqmayman.
18. –ly qo’shimchasi bilan tugagan, lekin ham sifat ham ravish vazifasida
kelaveradigan so’zlar mavjud: hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, annually.
“Times” is a weekly journal. “Tayms” haftalik jurnaldir.
It comes out weekly (ravish). U har haftada chiqadi.
19. Tartib sonlar (first, second, third) sanoq sonlar(one, two, three)dan oldin
yoziladi: The first two books are very interesting
20. So (shunchalar) va such (shundayin) ravishlari: So ravishi asosan otga
bog’lanmagan sifat bilan ishlatiladi, ya’ni undan keyin ot kelmaydi. So dan
keyin ravish kelishi ham mumkin: SO+SIFAT/RAVISH

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The story was so good. Hikoya shunchalar yaxshi edi. The nature is so beautiful.
Tabiat shunchalar go’zal. He speaks so quickly. U shunchalar tez gapiradi.
Lekin: So dan keyin ba’zan ot kelishi mumkin, unda ham ot artikldan keyin
keladi: SO+SIFAT+a/an+OT
It is so simple a problem. U shunchalar oddiy muammo.
So silly a boy. Shunchalar axmoq bola.
SUCH ni esa ot bilan kelgan sifat oldidan ishlatamiz: SUCH+SIFAT+OT
It was such a good film. U shundayin yaxshi film edi.
So va Such so’zlari bilan quyidagi birikmalar ham ishlatiladi:
So long but = such a long time shunchalar uzoq vaqt
So far but = such a long way shunchalar uzoq yo’l
So many but = such a lot (of) shunchalar ko’p
So much but = such a lot (of) shunchalar ko’p
So+sifat/ravish So+much/many/little/few
Such+sifat+ot Such + a lot of + ot // Such + a lot
21. Enough (yetarlicha) so’zi sifat va ravishlardan keyin keladi, lekin otlarning
oldidan ham orqasidan ham ishlatilaveradi.
She is not old enough. U yetarlicha keksa emas.
You are not studying hard enough. Sen yetarlicha qattiq o’qimayapsan.
This room is big enough. Bu xona yetarlicha katta.
But: I have enough money to buy a book. = I have money enough to buy a book.
Menda kitob sotib olish uchun yetarlicha pul bor.
22. Too so’zi “juda” ma’nosida sifat va ravishlardan oldin keladi:
She is too young. U juda yosh. This table is too heavy. Bu stol juda og’ir.
23. Else “yana” gapda ravish ma’nosida keladi, so’roq olmoshlari va some, any,
no olmoshlari bilan ishlatiladi: What else must I do? Yana nima qilishim kerak?
Where else did you go? Yana qaerga bording? Ask somebody else about it?
U haqida yana kimdandir so’rang?
DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
(Sifat va ravishlarning darajalari)
1. Sifat va Ravishlarda 3 ta daraja bor:
a) The Positive degree (oddiy daraja)
b) The Comparative degree (qiyosiy daraja)
c) The Superlative degree (Orttirma daraja)
2. Sifat va ravishlarning oddiy darajalarida darajani ko’rsatuvchi hech qanday
qo’shimcha bo’lmaydi: good, small, badly, big, long.

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3. Qisqa bir bo’g’inli va ikki bo’g’inli sifat va ravishlarning qiyosiy darajalari
“-er” qo’shimchasini qo’shish bilan yasaladi va bu qo’shimcha “-roq” deb tarjima
qilinadi: short – shorter (qisqa - qisqaroq), long – longer (uzun - uzunroq)
4. Ko’p bo’g’inli sifat va ravishlarning qiyosiy darajalari so’z oldiga “more”
(roq) so’zini keltirish bilan yasaladi: more beautiful – chiroyliroq, more interesting
5. Bir va ikki bo’g’inli qisqa sifat va ravishlarning orttirma darajalari so’z
oxiriga “-est” (eng) qo’shimchasini qo’shish bilan yasaladi. Orttirma darajaning
oldidan odatda “the” artikli ishlatiladi:
long – longer – the longest – eng uzun; rich – richer – the richest-eng boy.
6. Ko’p bo’g’inli sifat va ravishlarning orttirma darajasini hosil qilish uchun
so’z oldiga “the most” (eng) so’zini keltiramiz:
the most handsome – eng ko’rkam; the most generous – eng saxiy;
Izoh: Darajani ozaytirib ko’rsatish uchun uzun sifatlarning oldida
“less” (kamroq) va “the least” (eng kam) so’zlari ishlatiladi:
Your picture is less beautiful than my picture. Sening rasming mening rasmimga
qaraganda kamroq chiroyli. The least expensive restaurant is near our house. Eng
qimmat bo’lmagan restoran bizning uyimiz yonida.
7. –ly qo’shimchasi bilan tugagan ravishlarning darajalari more/the most so’zlari
bilan yasaladi: carefully-more carefully-the most carefully.
8.–ly qo’shimchasi bilan tugagan sifatlarning darajalari -er/ the -est
qo’shimchalari bilan yasaladi: lovely-lovelier-the loveliest.
9. Ba’zi sifat va ravishlarning darajalari yuqoridagi qoidalarga bo’ysinmagan
holda boshqacha usulda yasaladi:
Good (yaxshi) better (yaxshiroq) the best (eng yaxshi)
Bad (yomon) worse (yomonroq) the worst (eng yomon)
Little (kam) less (kamroq) the least (eng kam)
Much (ko’p) more (ko’proq) the most (eng ko’p)
Many (ko’p) more (ko’proq) the most (eng ko’p)
Well (yaxshi) better (yaxshoroq) the best (eng yaxshi)
Badly (yomon) worse (yomonroq) the worst (eng yomon)
Far (uzoq) farther (uzoqroq) farthest (eng uzoq)
Far (qo’shimcha) further (ko’proq) the furthest (eng ko’p)
Old( keksa ) older (keksaroq) the oldest(eng keksa)
10. elder(o’rtancha) the eldest (to’ng’ich) so’zlari oila a’zolari va o’z
qarindoshlarimiz haqida gapirganda ishlatiladi. Bu so’zlar yoshga nisbatan
ishlatilmaydi. Bu so’zlar qiyosiy yoki orttirma darajada emas balki ular
shunday so’zlardir: My elder brother. Mening o’rtancha akam.
His eldest uncle. Uning eng katta (to’ng’ich) tog’asi.

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11. “Most” so’zi “ko’pchilik” ma’nosida kelganda “the” artiklisiz ishlatiladi:
Most people like George. Ko’pchilik odamlar Jorjni yoqtiradi.
“Most” so’zi “juda” ma’nosida kelganda ham sifat va ravishlarning
(ot kelmaganda) oldidan artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
The book was most interesting. Kitob juda qiziq edi.
It was most generous of you. Bu sizning juda saxiyligingiz bo’ldi.
Mostly/Mainly - “asosan” ma’nosida ishlatiladi

Oddiy daraja ishlatiladigan holatlar

1. Gapda faqat bitta narsa haqida fikr yuritilganda oddiy daraja ishlatiladi:
You have got nice skates. I like them.
Senda ajoyib konkilar bor. Men ularni yoqtiraman.
2. Gapda kelgan “as …as” va “not so … as” bog’lovchilari o’rtasida doimo sifat
va ravishlarning oddiy darajalari ishlatiladi:
I am as strong as you too. Men ham senday kuchliman.
She is not so beautiful as Matilda. U Matildadek chiroyli emas.
Jack is not so rich as Tom. Jack Tomday boy emas.
I can run as quickly as you. Men senday tez yugura olaman.
You walk as slowly as a tortoise. Sen toshbaqadek asta yurasan.
“as … as” bog’lovchisi barcha darak, so’roq va inkor gaplarda ishlatilaveradi,
“so … as” bog’lovchisi faqat inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi:
He is as tall as his brother. U akasiday uzun.
This computer isn’t as expensive as that one. Bu kompyuter unisidek qimmatmas.
He isn’t so clever as his friend. U do’stidek aqlli emas.
3. twice as … as (ikki martda), three times as …as (uch marta),
the same as … (bir xil) birikmalari ham mavjuddir:
Petrol is twice as expensive as it was. Benzin avvalgiga qaraganda ikki marta qimmat.
This house is three times as big as ours. Bu uy biznikiga qaraganda uch marta katta.
Ann’s salary is the same as Tom’s salary. Annani maoshi Tomning maoshidek bir xil.
Tom is the same age as Jack. Tom Jack bilan bir yoshda.
3. Daraja-miqdor ravishlari (very-juda, extremely-haddan tashqari, terribly-
nihoyatda, so, too) bilan ham oddiy daraja ishlatiladi:
This is a very interesting book. Bu juda qiziqarli kitob.
This is an extremely difficult task. Bu haddan tashqari qiyin vazifa.
I’m terribly sorry. Nihoyatda achinaman.

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 Qiyosiy daraja ishlatiladigan holatlar
1. Gapda ikki predmet yoki voqea-hodisa nazarda tutilib, ular qiyoslansa qiyosiy
daraja ishlatiladi: The team played better in the second half and won the game.
Jamoa ikkinchi taymda yaxshiroq o’ynadi va o’yinda yutdi.
2. “than” (-ga qaraganda) so’zi ishlatilsa hamisha qiyosiy daraja ishlatiladi:
My car is newer than your car. Mening mashinam sening mashinangdan yangiroq.
I’m stronger than you. Men senga qaraganda kuchliroqman.
3. Gapda “a bit, a little, a lot, much, far, even, slightly” so’zlari ishlatilsa
hamisha qiyosiy daraja ishlatiladi (yanada deb tarjima qilinadi):
It is much more difficult. U yanada qiyinroq. It is a lot harder. U yanada qattiqroq.
Far more serious. Yanada jiddiyroq. A little more slowly. Yanada sekinroq.
4. Gapda bir holat ikkinchi bir holat bilan bog’liq bo’lsa, ya’ni bir holat ikkinchi
bir holatni to’ldirsa ikkita “the …the …” artikllarining o’rtasida ikkita qiyosiy
daraja (qo’sh qiyoslash) ishlatiladi(Ular doim ikkita gapning ham boshida keladi):
The sooner we go the earlier we shall arrive. Tezroq ketsak ertaroq yetib boramiz.
The more expensive the hotel the better the service.
Mehmonxona qancha qimmat bo’lsa xizmati ham shuncha yaxshi bo’ladi.
The bigger the worse. Kattaroq yomonroq.
Lekin: Bir holat ikkinchi holat bilan bog’liq bo’lmasa, ya’ni birinchi gapdagi
holatga ikkinchi gapdagi holat teskari kelsa ikkita the … the … artikllari orasida
ikkita orttirma daraja ishlatiladi:
I work the hardest in the factory but I earn the least money. Men zavodda eng
qattiq ishlayman lekin eng kam oylik olaman.
5. Ba’zan gapda ikkita qiyosiy daraja birga kelishi mumkin(and bo’lsa):
harder and harder. Qiyinroq va qiyinroq. Bigger and bigger. Kattaroq va kattaroq.
More kelsa sifat bir marta yoziladi, more esa ikki marta: More and more difficult.
Qiyinroq va qiyinroq. More and more expensive. Qimmatroq va qimmatroq.
6. No va any olmoshlari ham qiyosiy daraja oldidan ishlatiladi:
Do you want any more help? Yana bir oz yordam xohlaysizmi?

Orttirma daraja ishlatiladigan holatlar

1. Agar gapda “in the world”, “in my life”, “in the family”, “of all”, “one of”
va “among” kabi so’zlar kelsa o’sha gapda orttirma daraja ishlatish lozim:
Your dictation is the worst of all. Sening diktanting hammasidan eng yomoni.
One of the most difficult subjects is mathematics in my opinion. Fikrimcha eng
qiyin fanlardan biri bu matematikadir. This is the smallest insect in the world.
Bu dunyodagi eng kichik hashorat. Anvar is the cleverest student among our
classmates. Anvar sinfdoshlarimiz orasida eng aqlli talabadir.

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2. Perfect zamoni ishlatilgan gapda orttirma daraja ishlatiladi: This is the most
interesting book I have ever read. Bu men o’qigan kitoblarimning eng qizig’i.
3. By far birikmasidan keyin orttirma darajadagi sifat keladi.
My friend Akmal is by far the friendliest. Mening do’stim Akmal eng do’stona do’stdir.
4. Orttirma darajadigi sifat “my, his, her, our, this, Anvar’s” kabi boshqa
ko’rsatkichlar bilan qo’llanilganda “the” artikli ishlatilmaydi:
My best friend is Anvar. Mening eng yaxshi do’stim Anvar.
Karim’s most interesting book. Karimning eng qiziq kitobi.

Qiyosiy: Bir bo’ginli sifat + er Orttirma: Bir bo’ginli sifat + est

2 va undan ko’p bo’g’inli sifat + more 2 va undan ko’p bo’g’inli sifat + the most

Agar sifat ikki bo'g'inli bo'lsa-yu, lekin -ER, -Y, -OW, -BLE qo'shimchalari bilan tugasa unda
MORE/MOST emas -ER/-EST qo'shimchalarini oladi: e.g. narrow-narrower-narrowest

-ing, -ed, -ful, -less qo'shimchalari bilan tugagan sifatlar MORE yoki MOST oladi.
Good – better – the best Well – better – the best
Bad – worse – the worst Badly – worse – the worst
Little – less – the least Far – farther – farthest
Much – more – the most Far – further – the furthest
Many – more – the most Old – older – the oldest

Daraja tanlashga ishoralar:

QIYOSIY: ORTTIRMA:

Than Slightly In
Rather Between Of
Even Any Among
A lot No Ever
Far Much By far
A bit The... The… (Perfect zamon)
A little… and …
… or …
ODDIY DARAJA: as…as not so … as

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