Student Name___________________________________
Class_________ Teacher_________________________
CHERRYBROOK TECHNOLOGY HIGH SCHOOL
AP2 Examination
2019
2 Unit
BIOLOGY
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
TOTAL MARKS: 75
Section A – 20 Multiple Choice (20 Marks)
Attempt Questions 1-20
Allow about 35 minutes for this section
Use the multiple choice answer sheet provided
Section B – Longer Response (55 Marks)
Attempt Questions 21-32
Allow about 1 hour and 25 minutes for this section
Answer in the spaces provided
Extra writing paper is provided at the end of the exam
Time allowed: 2 hours + 5 minutes reading time
Students are to attempt all questions
Write using black pen
Draw diagrams using pencil
NESA approved calculators may be used
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YEAR 11
2019 EXAMINATION
Biology
Section I
Multiple Choice Questions
20 marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 20
Allow about 35 minutes for this section
Instructions Answer the questions on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
provided.
Place an X in the appropriate box. If you make a mistake cross
out the incorrect answer and clearly mark the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is an example of evolution by natural selection?
(A) genetically modified corn crops
(B) antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria
(C) breeding drought resistant cattle
(D) bacteria that produce human insulin
2. What effect does surface area to volume ratio have on cells?
(A) the type of substances that can cross the cell membrane
(B) the rate of diffusion of substances across the cell membrane
(C) the shape of cells
(D) the osmotic pressure in cells
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3. Selection pressures affect individual’s behaviour, survival and reproduction. Which list
contains two biotic and two abiotic factors that act as selection pressures on koalas in the
wild?
(A) rainfall, salinity, humans, grass
(B) soil temperature, oxygen, eagle, water
(C) eucalyptus tree, fire, soil pH, soil minerals
(D) air temperature, light, eucalyptus tree, goanna
4. In Queensland rainforests, the Southern Cassowary disperses the seeds of some plants such
as Cassowary Plum. It feeds on the fruits and transports the plant seeds to a new location
reducing competition for the new plant.
The seeds are then excreted intact, and the bird’s droppings act as a ready-made fertiliser.
What type of interspecific relationship do the bird and the plant have?
(A) commensalism
(B) parasitism
(C) amensalism
(D) mutualism
5. Which of the following sequences accurately depicts the passage of air towards the
structure shown in the diagram below?
(A) nasal cavity → larynx → trachea → bronchus
(B) nasal cavity → trachea → larynx → bronchus
(C) trachea → bronchus → bronchioles → larynx
(D) nasal cavity → larynx → bronchioles → bronchus
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6. Which environmental factors are likely to influence the activity of an enzyme?
(A) the presence of a catalyst and pH of substrate
(B) the pH and temperature of substrate
(C) the enzyme and substrate concentration
(D) both B and C
7. In recent years cane toads have been spreading across Northern Australia. Typically, when
they arrive in an area there is a very high mortality rate amongst predators such as goannas
and snakes. Then, after a while, the predator populations start to recover, but the predators
have undergone an evolutionary change.
Red-bellied black snakes in toad infested areas have measurably smaller mouths than those in
toad free areas. Which one of the following would be the best explanation for this?
(A) Toad venom affects snake growth, causing their mouthparts to grow less well.
(B) Older, larger mouthed snakes die, leaving the young ones behind. These also
die once they are large enough to eat large toads.
(C) Snakes with small mouths cannot eat large toads. They survive and pass on
their genes for small mouths to their offspring, who also survive.
(D) Snakes learn not to open their mouths wide enough to eat large toads. Over
subsequent generations they lose the ability to open them wide.
8. A teacher set up an investigation to model the ‘capture-recapture’ sampling technique
using 145 wooden cubes. Five groups of students undertook the investigation to determine
the total number of cubes. Their results are shown below.
The students’ results may be considered:
(A) reliable, but not accurate
(B) accurate, but not reliable
(C) both accurate and reliable
(D) neither accurate nor reliable
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The diagram below shows a cross-section of a leaf. Use this diagram to answer Question
9 and Question 10.
9. Identify the structure labelled ‘T’.
(A) epidermis
(B) palisade mesophyll
(C) spongy mesophyll
(D) stoma
10. Identify the correct function of the structure labelled ‘Q’.
(A) A waxy layer that prevents water loss by evaporation.
(B) Cells that contain large numbers of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
(C) A protective layer of cells containing tiny pores to allow gas exchange.
(D) An essential role in transporting water to the chloroplasts in the mesophyll
tissues for photosynthesis.
11. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of organisational levels in multi-
cellular organisms?
(A) cell, tissue, organ, system
(B) cell, tissue, system, organ
(C) cell, organism, system, tissue
(D) organ, system, tissue, cell
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12. The diagram below depicts a simplified section of a cell membrane. Which of the
following lists correctly identifies each component in numerical order?
(A) phospholipids, cholesterol, amino acids, glycoproteins
(B) glycoproteins, peripheral proteins, integral proteins, phospholipids
(C) glycoproteins, amino acids, cholesterol, peripheral proteins
(D) glycoproteins, peripheral proteins, cholesterol, phospholipids
13. The thorny devil, Moloch horridus, is a species of lizard that lives in central Australia. To
regulate its body temperature the thorny devil basks in the sun to absorb heat, raises its body
off the ground to cool down, and avoids extreme temperatures by burrowing underground.
These adaptations are an example of:
(A) physiological adaptations
(B) structural adaptations
(C) symbiotic adaptations
(D) behavioural adaptations
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14. Which of the following only contains examples of biotic factors?
(A) water, air, producers and bacteria
(B) plants, decomposers and consumers
(C) air, water, minerals and plants
(D) water, minerals, sunlight and glucose
15. Which of the following principles is NOT part of Darwin’s original theory of evolution
by natural selection?
(A) Variation occurs among individuals in a population.
(B) Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation.
(C) More individuals are born than will survive.
(D) Individuals that possess the most favourable variations have the best chance of
reproducing.
16. Which of the following structures in plants directly supports photosynthesis?
(A) mitochondria in cytoplasm
(B) transparent epidermal tissue in leaves
(C) chloroplasts in cytoplasm
(D) lignin thickening on xylem cells
17. Which of the following lists contain only the names of organs?
(A) root, leaf, stem, fruit
(B) mitochondria, eye, skin, liver
(C) stoma, flower, fruit, chloroplast
(D) kidney, nucleus, ovary, lung
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18. Endocytosis and exocytosis are both examples of:
(A) facilitated diffusion
(B) passive transport
(C) active transport
(D) cellular respiration
19.Which best describes the field of biogeography?
(A) the study of animal behaviour
(B) the study of land mass location
(C) the study of organism distribution
(D) the study of mammalian breeding
20. Microevolution, or evolution at its smallest scale, occurs when:
(A) an individual's traits change in response to environmental factors.
(B) a population's allele frequencies change over a span of generations.
(C) a new species arises from an existing species.
(D) a community of organisms changes due to the extinction of several dominant
species.
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YEAR 11
2019 EXAMINATION
Biology
Section II
Answer Booklet
55 marks
Attempt Questions 21 – 32
Allow about 1 hour and 25 minutes for this part
Instructions Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces
provide guidance for the expected length of response.
Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.
Extra writing space is provided at the back of this booklet. If
you use this space, clearly indicate which questions you are
answering.
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Question 21 (5 marks) Marks
A student is viewing a plant cell under the light microscope.
(a) Add labels to the diagram above to identify four structures or organelles. 2
(b) Draw the cell in the space below to show how it would appear after being
immersed in a strong salt solution.
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(c) Briefly explain how this change would come about.
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Question 22 (7 marks) Marks
(a) Write a brief definition of natural selection including an explanation of what is 3
meant by the phrase ‘survival of the fittest’.
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(b) Natural selection relies on genetic variation in a population. If all members of 3
a population were genetically identical and no sexual reproduction or mutation
could occur, evolution could not proceed. Explain why this is the case.
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(c) Australia’s Southern Boobook owl is closely related to New Zealand’s 1
Morepork owl. The two species are separated by a geographical barrier. If you
attempted to crossbreed these owls, what could you assume about their offspring?
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Question 23 (3 marks) Marks
Crown-of-thorns Starfish are marine invertebrates that feed on coral (Figure 1).
They occur naturally on reefs in the Indo-Pacific region, including the Great
Barrier Reef, and are an important part of the ecosystem. However, when the
conditions are right, populations can reach plague proportions and are a key
contributor to coral mortality. Scientists continue to monitor and collect data on
the Crown-of-thorns Starfish populations using a range of sampling techniques.
Figure 1. A two to three-year-old Crown-of-thorns Starfish
The diagram below shows a food web of the organisms living on the Great
Barrier Reef:
Explain how the increase in the population of the Crown-of-thorns Starfish could 3
impact the food web.
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Question 24 (8 marks) Marks
(a) Use your understanding of variation, isolating mechanisms and natural 4
selection to explain how an ancestral species might evolve into two new species.
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(b) Summarise the key trends in the evolution of modern horses and the factors 4
that contributed to their evolution.
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Question 25 (6 marks) Marks
The diagram below shows the transverse sections of different mammalian blood
vessels not drawn to scale.
i. ……………….. ii. ……………….. iii. ………………..
(a) Label the diagram with the correct name for each blood vessel type. 3
(b) Describe the distinguishing features of each type of blood vessel. 3
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Question 26 (2 marks) 2
Classify each of these examples as either divergent or convergent evolution.
(a) Both cacti plants and echidnas have spikes that assist in protecting them from
other organisms …………………………
(b) Dolphins have streamlined bodies to help them swim quickly. Similarly,
sharks streamlined bodies aid their speed of swimming …………………………
(c) Red-bellied blacksnakes in Queensland have smaller jaws than those in New
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South Wales due to cane toad exposure …………………………
(d) Whipbirds on the east coast of Australia have become isolated from those on
the west coast of Australia. The two populations have evolved to be distinctive
species …………………………
Question 27 (5 marks) Marks
(a) Explain how the structure of the small intestine allows for rapid absorption of 3
nutrients. Include a diagram in your answer.
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(b) Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion.
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Question 28 (3 marks) Marks
All tetrapod (four-limbed) vertebrates possess pentadactyl limbs as depicted
below. Scientists follow many different lines of evidence for evolution, looking
at the similarities and differences in the body plans of organisims provides
information on their phylogeny.
(a) Identify the name of this line of evidence for evolution. 1
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(b) State whether pentadactyl limbs are homologous or analogous structures.
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(c) How does the pentadactyl limb provide evidence for evolution?
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Question 29 (4 marks)
Draw a table in the space provided to compare the structure and function of open
and closed circulatory systems in animals.
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Question 30 (6 marks) Marks
The Australian mountain pygmy possum, Burramys parvus, is an endangered
species found in Victoria. Protection efforts are being made to prevent it from
becoming extinct. Population estimates for these possums are made at regular
intervals in suitable habitat areas using capture-mark-rcapture (also known as
capture-tag-recapture) techniques.
This technique involves using safe traps to capture animals that are then marked
or tagged in a safe manner before being released. The traps are then used to
recapture them, some of which will be tagged and others untagged.
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The ratio of tagged to untagged animals can be used to estimate the size of the
population, as follows:
Population size (N) = Initial capture (C) x Recapture (R)
Marked in recapture (M)
(a) Complete the population size calculations for each year and add them to the 2
table.
Year 2004 200 2006 2007 2008 200 2010
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Initial capture (C) 28 17 7 10 10 7 6
Recapture (R) 16 14 9 11 9 6 5
Marked in recapture (M) 3 3 1 2 2 1 1
Population size (N)
Capture-mark-recapture data collected from known mountain pygmy possum
habitat sites in the Mt Buller region of the alpine national parks in Victoria.
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Question 30 (continued) Marks
(b) Using the information from the table, graph the data for the mountain pygmy 4
possum population over time at Mt Buller.
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Question 31 (3 marks) Marks
A Biology teacher wrote a timeline of the evolution of life on the whiteboard and 3
highlighted some important evolutionary steps.
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Explain the evolutionary success of eukaryotic cells in terms of the Theory of
Natural Selection and their advantages over prokaryotic organisms.
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Question 32 (3 marks)
Human activity can have a negative impact on biodiversity. Discuss some of the
recent consequences of human activities on ecosystems and suggest some
strategies that could limit our impacts on native species in future.
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END OF EXAM
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Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Place an X in the appropriate box
Question A B C D
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