PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M.

Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Cerebellum
FIRST SEMESTER
Core Subjects
Also known as the little brain or hind brain,
– Personal Development – it performs functions in coordinating
muscle movements and maintaining
The Power of the Mind balance and posture. It is located below or
under the Cerebrum.

What is the difference between the

brain and the mind? Brainstem

The brain is a part of the visible and the Also known as the reticular activating
tangible world of the body, whereas the system, it serves as a relay center
mind is a part of the invisible world of connecting the Cerebrum and the
thoughts, feelings, attitudes, beliefs or Cerebellum to the spinal cord. It performs
perceptions, and imaginations. automatic functions such as sleep cycles,
body temperature, breathing, digestion,
The brain is an organ of soft tissues and more. It is divided into three sections:
enclosed in the skull, while our mind,
according to Cambridge Dictionary, is a Midbrain
part of a person that makes it possible The top part of the brainstem, which
for them to think, feel, and understand controls motor functions, especially eye
things. movements, and processes hearing and
vision.

Pons
The middle part of the brainstem, which
coordinates eye and face movements,
balance, hearing, and facial sensations.

Medulla oblongata
The bottom part of the brainstem, which
regulates breathing, blood pressure,
heartbeat, and swallowing.

Cerebrum

It is the largest part of the brain, making

up ⅔ of its volume. It is divided into two

Three Major Parts of the Brain
parts, which is the left and right
hemisphere. These parts are connected
● Cerebrum by a bundle of fibers called the corpus
● Cerebellum callosum which also allows both parts to
● Brainstem communicate.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

long-term storage region of our

Four Lobes of the Cerebrum
brain.

● Occipital - primarily responsible

for vision Brain Theories
● Frontal - primarily responsible for
cognitive functions
Paul Broca
● Parietal - primarily responsible for
controlling sensory information
such as temperature, pressure, and Paul Broca was a pioneering 19th-century
touch. French physician and anatomist who
● Temporal - primarily responsible made significant contributions to
for hearing, speech, and memory. neuroscience, particularly in
understanding brain function related to
language. Broca is best known for his
discovery of "Broca's area," a region in the
left frontal lobe responsible for speech
production. This finding was based on a
particular patient who had a language
problem, who although understood what
was being said to him, failed to produce
sounds or syllables except words
resembling the word “Tan,” and, upon
examining the patient's brain
post-mortem, Broca found damage in this
specific area. This discovery provided
early evidence of localization of function,
the idea that different parts of the brain
are responsible for specific tasks. Broca’s
findings laid the foundation for brain
theories that connected physical regions
of the brain with specific cognitive and
linguistic abilities, challenging previously
The Limbic System or the Interior
held views of the brain as a functionally
Parts of the Brain
undifferentiated organ.

● Thalamus - serves as a sensory

relay for audio and visual Roger Sperry
information.
● Hypothalamus - it maintains He is a proponent of the “Split-Brain
balance or homeostasis. Theory.” He conducted a study for
● Amygdala - responsible for epilepsy which gave him the 1981 Nobel
controlling emotions and Prize for physiology or medicine where he
processing fear. stated that there are two parts of the
● Hippocampus - responsible for brain that performs tasks differently,
consolidating, learning, and which are the left and right hemisphere.
converting information to the He theorized that the left hemisphere is

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

the rational and analytical side whereas ● Neocortex - the rational brain and
the right hemisphere is the synthesizing is responsible for intellectual tasks
and creative side. Alongside him in such as perception, reasoning, and
proposing the “Brain Lateralization thinking.
Theory” is Robert Ornstein who is also a ● Limbic System - the intermediate
Nobel Prize winner. brain and is responsible for
motivation and emotion involved in
feeding or the human reproductive
The Brain Lateralization Theory
and parental behavior.
● Reptilian Complex - the primitive
It states that we use both sides of the brain and is responsible for
brain, however, there is a dominant side. self-preservation and aggressive
For the left brain, they are organized, behavior of humans.
logical, and detail-oriented. While for the
right brain, they are intuitive, risk-takers,
and creative. Ned Herrmann

It was proposed by Roger Sperry and He is a proponent of the “Brain

Robert Ornstein. Dominance Theory.”

The Theory’s Advantages and Ned Herrmann developed the Whole

Disadvantages Brain Model, a theory of brain function
that emphasizes how individuals have
distinct thinking styles associated with
Advantage: Learning
different brain regions. He proposed that
Upon knowing the brain inclination or to
the brain could be divided into four
which brain a person is ‘affiliated’, he or
quadrants, each associated with different
she could think of ways to boost
cognitive approaches: analytical (left
strengths and compensate for
cerebral), sequential (left limbic),
weaknesses.
interpersonal (right limbic), and
imaginative (right cerebral). According to
Disadvantage: Stereotyping Herrmann, individuals tend to prefer
Brain dominance may have a negative certain quadrants, shaping their unique
effect or may even impede learning thinking styles and approaches to
when this results in a self-fulfilling learning, problem-solving, and
prophecy. communication. His model, used widely in
educational and corporate settings,
promotes understanding and leveraging
Paul MacLean diverse thinking styles to improve team
dynamics, creativity, and productivity.

He is the proponent of the “Triune Brain

Theory.”. Paul MacLean is a neuroscientist
who was able to identify three parts of the
brain:

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Theories of Emotion

Paul Ekman’s Six Basic Emotions

● Anger
● Disgust
● Fear
● Happiness
● Sadness
● Surprise

Robert Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions

Emotional Intelligence

Emotion

It is a conscious and subjective mental

reaction toward a particular event and is
usually accompanied by changes in the
physiologic and behavioral aspects of a
person.

Components of Emotion

● Physical
● Behavioral
● Cognitive

For Better Image Viewing

Types of Emotions

Daniel Goleman’s Eight Main Families of

Examples of Positive Emotions: Emotions
● Pride
● Empathy
1. Anger: fury, outrage, resentment,
● Happiness
wrath, exasperation, indignation, vexation,
● Hope
acrimony, animosity, annoyance,
irritability, hostility; and to its extremes,
Examples of Negative Emotions:
hatred and violence.
● Hate
● Fear
2. Sadness: grief, sorrow, cheerlessness,
● Regret
gloom, melancholy, self-pity, loneliness,
● Guilt
dejection, despair; and in extreme,
depression.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Schachter-Singer’s Two Factor Theory

3. Fear: anxiety, apprehension,
nervousness, concern, consternation, Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer
misgiving, wariness, qualm, edginess,
dread, fright, terror; and in extreme,
phobia and panic.

4. Enjoyment: happiness, joy, relief,

contentment, bliss, delight, amusement, Lazarus or Cognitive Appraisal Theory
pride, sensual pleasure, thrill, rapture, of Emotion
gratification, satisfaction, euphoria, Richard Lazarus
whimsy, ecstasy; and its extreme, mania.

5. Love: acceptance, friendliness, trust,

kindness, affinity, devotion, adoration,
infatuation, and agape.

6. Surprise: shock, astonishment,

amazement and wonder.

7. Disgust: contempt, disdain, scorn,

abhorrence, aversion, distaste and
revulsion.

8. Shame: guilt, embarrassment, chagrin,

remorse, humiliation, regret, mortification
and contrition.

James-Lange Theory
William James and Carl George Lange

Cannon-Bard Theory
Emotional Intelligence
Walter Cannon and Philip Bard
Daniel Goleman

It includes the individual’s ability to

motivate oneself despite frustrations, the
capacity to control impulses, and the
ability to empathize with others.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Five Domains of Emotional Three Attachment Styles

Intelligence
Peter Salovey
Secure Attachment Style

● Self-awareness - knowing one’s

emotions People with a secure attachment style feel
● Self-management - managing comfortable with intimacy and trust in
emotions relationships. They’re confident in both
● Self-motivation - motivating their own worth and their partner's
oneself commitment, making it easier to create
● Empathy - recognizing emotions in stable, healthy bonds.
others
● Social Relationships - handling
Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment
relationships

Those with an anxious attachment style

Components of Social Intelligence crave closeness but often worry about
Howard Gardner and Thomas Hatch being rejected or abandoned. They tend to
be preoccupied with the relationship and
● Organizing groups may seek frequent reassurance to feel
● Negotiating solutions secure.
● Personal connection
● Social analysis
Avoidant Attachment

Personal Relationship
Individuals with an avoidant attachment
style value independence and may feel
Relationship
uncomfortable with emotional closeness.
They often pull away or distance
The way in which two or more people, themselves in relationships to maintain a
groups, countries, etc., talk, behave sense of autonomy.
toward, and deal with each other.

Teenage Relationship
Personal Relationship

During your teenage years, you form

This is the type of relationship which is friendships and start to develop intimate
closely associated with a person which can relationships with members of the
only have meaning to this person. opposite sex.

Friendship

It is a relationship between two or more

people that is emotionally tied by a sense
of care and support with similar values
and interests.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Three Types of Friendship Theories and Research related to

Attraction and Liking

● Acquaintances
● Companions Transference Effect
● Intimates or Best Friends

This occurs when feelings or expectations

Two Types of Peer Groups from past relationships are unconsciously
projected onto a new person, affecting
A clique is a small, close-knit group of perceptions of them based on prior
friends who interact frequently and share experiences.
similar interests, often forming a strong,
exclusive bond. Cliques are typically
Propinquity Effect
intimate, with members knowing each
other well.
The tendency for people to form
A crowd, on the other hand, is a larger, friendships or romantic relationships with
more loosely connected group of those they encounter frequently. Physical
individuals who may share common or virtual closeness increases the
activities, identities, or reputations (e.g., likelihood of attraction or bonding.
"athletes" or "art kids"). Unlike cliques,
crowds are less personal, with members Similarity
not necessarily being close friends.

People are more likely to be attracted to

Attraction others who share similar values, interests,
or backgrounds, as this can create a sense
It is the first stage in a continuum of of connection and understanding.
stages that lead to intimacy and
commitment.
Reciprocity

Romantic Relationship The phenomenon where people tend to

like others who show interest or affection
It is a voluntary relationship between toward them. Mutual attraction often
individuals who have intentions that each strengthens relationships and fosters
person will be a significant part of their positive feelings.
ongoing lives.

Physical Attractiveness

Physical appeal often influences initial

attraction, with people being drawn to
those they find visually appealing.
Attractiveness can also influence
perceived traits, such as likability or
competence.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

person. Oxytocin and vasopressin,

Personality Characteristics and Traits
hormones linked to bonding, strengthen
feelings of trust, comfort, and
Personality traits, such as kindness, commitment, forming a foundation for a
humor, or reliability, play a significant role long-term, stable relationship.
in attraction and relationship satisfaction.
Positive traits generally enhance one’s
Three Components of Sternberg’s
appeal to others.
Triangular Theory of Love

Love
Intimacy

It is the person’s ability to extend himself

or herself for the purpose of nurturing This involves emotional closeness,
one’s own or another’s spiritual growth. bonding, and a sense of connectedness
with the partner. Intimacy fosters feelings
of warmth and trust in the relationship.
Three Stages of Falling in Love

Passion
Lust

This component includes physical

This first stage is driven by physical attraction and sexual desire, as well as
attraction and desire, motivated by excitement and romance. Passion often
reproductive hormones (testosterone and drives the intense emotions experienced in
estrogen) that create the urge to seek a the early stages of love.
partner. It’s often marked by a powerful
physical pull toward someone and the
Committment
excitement of initial chemistry.

Commitment refers to the decision to

Attraction
maintain the relationship over time,
reflecting loyalty and a long-term bond.
As feelings grow, infatuation or romantic It’s the component that sustains love even
attraction sets in. Neurochemicals like when passion or intimacy may fluctuate.
dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
boost excitement and focus, creating
Eight Types of Love from Sternberg’s
feelings of euphoria and "butterflies."
Triangular Theory of Love
People may find themselves thinking
constantly about the person and feeling
energized by their presence. Non-love

Attachment The absence of intimacy, passion, and

commitment. It describes casual
Over time, attraction deepens into interactions with no real emotional
attachment, characterized by emotional connection.
bonding and a sense of security with the

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Liking Consummate Love

Based on intimacy alone, this type of love The ideal form, encompassing intimacy,
involves friendship and closeness without passion, and commitment. It represents a
passion or commitment. balanced, complete love that’s deep,
exciting, and enduring.

Infatuation

Family Structures and Parenting Styles

Defined by passion alone, infatuation is
intense attraction without deeper
Family
emotional or long-term commitment.

It is the basic unit in society traditionally

Empty Love
consisting of two parents rearing their
children.
Involves commitment without intimacy or
passion. This might be seen in long-term
Family Structures
relationships that have lost their spark but
remain together out of obligation.
Nuclear Family
Romantic Love
This is a traditional family unit consisting
Combines intimacy and passion, creating of two parents (a mother and a father)
a deep emotional and physical bond but and their biological or adopted children
without long-term commitment. living together.

Companionate Love Extended Family

Involves intimacy and commitment This includes a larger network of relatives

without passion. It’s often seen in close, beyond the nuclear family, such as
stable friendships or long-term grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins,
partnerships where the physical spark has often living together or maintaining close
faded. relationships.

Fatuous Love Blended Family

Combines passion and commitment Formed when one or both partners have
without intimacy. It’s marked by whirlwind children from previous relationships and
romances where deep emotional closeness come together to create a new family unit.
hasn’t yet developed. This may include step-siblings and
step-parents.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

without much room for dialogue or

Adoptive Family
emotional warmth.

An adoptive family consists of parents

who legally adopt a child who is not Authoritative Parenting
biologically theirs, taking on all parenting
responsibilities. This family structure can Characterized by high demands and high
vary in composition, including single responsiveness, authoritative parents set
parents or same-sex couples, and may clear expectations while providing support
involve open or closed adoptions. and encouraging open communication,
Adoptive families emphasize love, fostering independence and self-discipline.
commitment, and providing a nurturing
environment for the child's growth and
Permissive Parenting
development.

This style involves low demands and high

Foster Family responsiveness, where permissive parents
are indulgent, allowing significant
Temporary family units that provide care freedom and few boundaries, prioritizing
for children who cannot live with their their child's happiness over discipline.
biological families. Foster families play a
crucial role in the child welfare system.
Uninvolved Parenting

Single-Parent Family Also known as neglectful parenting, this

style is marked by low demands and low
Composed of one parent raising one or responsiveness, where parents are
more children. This structure can arise emotionally distant and indifferent to their
from divorce, separation, death, or choice. child's needs, resulting in a lack of
guidance and support.

Parenting Style
Diana Baumrind, John Martin, Eleanor Genogram
Maccoby
It is a graphic representation of a family
It consists of several elements that tree that displays the interaction of
combine to create the emotional climate generations within a family.
in which parents communicate their
attitudes and practices about child rearing
with their child.

Authoritarian Parenting

This style features high demands and low

responsiveness, with parents enforcing
strict rules and expecting obedience

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Social Influence

These are things that change people’s

behvaior, belief, and attitude as a result of
an action of another person or group.

Varieties of Social Influence

Compliance

It is when a person seems to agree and

follows what is requested or required of
him or her to do or believe in, but does not
necessarily have to believe or agree to it.

Internalization

It is when a person is able to own a

History of the Genogram
certain belief or act, and is willing to make
it known publicly or privately.
A genogram is a visual representation of
family relationships developed by
Identification
psychiatrist Murray Bowen in the 1960s as
part of his family systems theory. Refined
by therapists like Monica McGoldrick and It is when a person is influenced by
Randy Gerson, it became a valuable tool someone he or she likes to look up to, like
in family therapy and social work. By the a movie star, social celebrity or superhero.
1990s, genograms gained popularity in
psychology and medicine for assessing
Leadership and Followership
family histories and identifying behavior
patterns, serving today as a resource for
understanding complex family dynamics Leadership
and their effects on individual health.

It is the ability of a person in a position of

authority to influence others to behave in
Social Relationships
such a manner that goals are achieved.

It is how we interact and behave with

other people and how they interact with Leader
us.
May obtain power through various means
and sources, such as position, giving
rewards, expertise, respect, or coercion.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Types of Leadership Follower

He or she is someone who supports,

Autocratic Leadership
admires, or believes in a particular person,
group, or idea.
This leadership type centralizes authority.
A leader who makes all of the decisions
Types of Followership
with little to no consultation with the
group.
Alienated Followers
Democratic Leadership
These are followers who are independent
This leadership type encourages members and critical thinkers but are inactive in
to be part of decision-making. A leader carrying out their role.
who asks for suggestions and discusses
plans with members.
Passive Followers

Laissez-faire Leadership These followers lack initiative and

commitment and require constant
This leadership type is hands-off and supervision from the leader.
allows group members to make the
decisions and resolve the problem on their
Conformist Followers
own.

These followers are content to simply take

Qualities of a Good Leader orders, to defer to their leader; they do not
question the decisions or actions of the
● Forward Looking leader.
● Competent
● Honest
Exemplary Followers
● Empower people
● Inspire people
● Set example These followers are willing to be mentored
● Lead change or coached by the leader and at the same
● Shared vision time are willing to teach the leader.

Followership Pragmatic Followers

It is the ability to take direction well, to These followers are averse to taking risks
get in line behind a program, to be part of and live by the slogan ‘better safe than
a team, and to deliver on what is expected sorry ’.
of you.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Qualities of a Good Follower Holland’s Six Personality Types

● Champions of change
Realistic
● Effective problem-solving skills
● Results-driven
● Encourages a variety of automobile and mechanic, aircraft control,
perspectives surveying, farming, carpentry, electrical,
● Supportive of others and electronic activities.

Persons and Careers Investigative

Career biologist, chemist, physicist, medical

technologist, surgeon, research analyst,
It is defined as the combination and statistician, or mathematician
sequence of roles played by a person
during a course of a lifetime.
Artistic

Career Development Theories stage designer, orchestra member,

composer, musician, interior designer,
writer, fashion model, fashion designer,
Trait and Factor
photographer, or actor
Frank Parson

The skills, values, interests, and Social

personality characteristics are analyzed
and matched with job factors or an teacher, counselor, social worker, trainer,
occupational profile. psychologist, therapist, coordinator,
librarian, or foreign service officer

Psychological
John Holland Enterprising

It is an offshoot of Parson’s Trait Factor businessman, salesman, sports promoter,

Theory where Holland identified six television or radio announcer, insurance
personality categories: realistic, manager, human resource officer, banker,
investigative, social, conventional, real estate appraiser, or lawyer
enterprising, and artistic.

Conventional

bookkeeper, accountant, secretary, data

processing worker, proofreader, financial
analyst, auditor, library assistant, and
credit manager

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

● Attitudes
Decision
Albert Bandura and John Krumboltz

This is based on Bandura’s theory of

selfefficacy and Krumboltz’s theory of
social learning.

Developmental

Donald Super

It is based on the idea that humans are

always in constant change and go through
life learning and doing new things, while
changing roles in the process.

Personal Factors Influencing Career

Choices

● Personality
● Values
● Interests
● Skills

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P.S Must request for editor access to print:P

P.S May headings lahat ng reviewers ko for easy navigation sa bawat topic sa docs.

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