Parts of Indian Constitution
Indian Constitution originally contained 395 Articles, 8 Schedules, and 22 Parts of Indian
Constitution.
Later, three parts were added as modifications, namely
o 9A Municipalities,
o 9B Co-operative societies
o 14A tribunals
Indian Constitution now consists of 448 Articles, 25 Parts, and 12 Schedules.
Schedules
Schedule contain information that is not included in an Article or Part.
It should be noted that anytime a new Article or Part is added to the Indian Constitution,
it is done alphabetically (for example, Article 21 A) so that the structure of the
Constitution is not disturbed.
Parts of Indian Constitution
Indian constitution is the supreme form of Indian legislation.
It defines all essential rights, powers, procedures, and principles, as well as the duties of
the government and citizens.
Its primary emphasis is on the supremacy of the constitution rather than the supremacy of
the legislature.
New Parts added in Constitution
Part IX A of the Constitution was inserted by the
Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992. It
contains provisions for local self government at the
urban level.
Part IXB of the Constitution grants constitutional
status to co-operative societies and contains
provisions for their democratic functioning. It was
inserted by the Constitution (97th, Amendment)
Act, 2011.
Part XIVA of the Indian Constitution provides for
the appointment of tribunals for administrative and
other disputes. It was not a part of the Constitution
of India 1950, but was added by the Constitution
(Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1942.
Parts of Indian Constitution
Parts and Subject Articles
Part I – The Union and its Territories 1–4
Part II – Citizenship 5 -11
Part III – Fundamental Rights 12 – 35
Part IV – Directive Principles of State
36 – 51
Policy
Part IV A – Fundamental Duties 51A
Part V – The Union 52 – 151
Part VI – The States 152 – 237
Part VII – The States in Part B of First 238
Schedule [Repealed]
Part VIII – The Union Territories 239 – 242
Part IX – The Panchayats 243 – 243O
243P –
Part IXA – The Municipalities
243ZG
243ZH –
Part IXB – The Co-operative Societies
243ZT
Part X – The Scheduled and Tribal
244 – 244A
Areas
Part XI – Relation between the Union
245 – 263
and the States
Part XII – Finance, Property, Contracts
264 – 300A
and Suits
Part XIII – Trade, Commerce and
301 – 307
Intercourse within the territory of India
Part XIV – Services Under the Union
308 – 323
and the States
323A –
Part XIVA – Tribunals
323B
Part XV – Elections 324 – 329A
Part XVI – Special provisions relating
330 – 342
to certain classes
Part XVII – Official language 343 – 351
Part XVIII – Emergency Provisions 352 – 360
Part XIX – Miscellaneous 361 – 367
Part XX – Amendment of the
368
Constitution
Part XXI – Temporary, Transitional and
369 – 392
Special Provisions
Part XXII – Short Title,
Commencement, Authoritative Text in 393 – 395
Hindi and Repeals
Parts of Indian Constitution in Detail
All the 25 Parts of the Indian Constitution have been discussed here in detail. Check for the
better understanding of the Parts of Indian Constitution below:
PART I : THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY
It is covered under Article 1 to 4 of the Indian Constitution.
India is referred to in the Constitution as a Union of States, indicating that its unity
cannot be broken.
The Indian Union cannot split in two.
The Constitution specifies not only the structure of the Union Government but also the
structure of the state governments.
The country is divided into numerous regions known as states or union territories.
PART II : CITIZENSHIP
Articles 5 to 11 of the Indian Constitution address citizenship under Part II.
Articles 5 to 8 describe who was eligible for Indian citizenship at the time the
Constitution was enacted
Articles 9 to 11, which define how citizenship is obtained and lost
PART III : FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Part III deals with Fundamental Rights that are guaranteed to the citizens of India and the
remedies in the event that they are violated.
US Bill of Rights’ clauses have been heavily impacted by the fundamental rights
guaranteed by the Indian Constitution.
PART IV : DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are incorporated into Articles 36 to 51 of the
Indian Constitution
However, Article 37 clearly declares that these DPSP are not subject to legal action in a
court of lath
Due to the inability of these principles to be upheld through legal channels and
inadequancy of the nation’s economic resources, they were declared non-justiciable in
court.
PART IV-A : FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act of 1976 inserted Part IV-A based on the
Swaran Singh Committee’s recommendation during the state of emergency.
Amendment changed the Constitution to include a new Part IV-A that only
contained Article 51-A.
Indian Constitution stipulates 11 Fundamental Duties.
PART V : THE UNION
Union has been covered under Article 52 to 151.
It can be divided into following:
o Union Executive (Article 52 – 78)
o Union Legislature (Articles 79-122)
o Union Judiciary (Articles 124-147)
PART VI : THE STATES
It has been covered under Article 153-237.
The states can be discussed under three parts
o The State Executive (Articles 153-167)
o The State Legislature (Articles 168-212)
o The State Judiciary (Articles 214-237)
PART VIII : THE UNION TERRITORIES
Ultimate decision-making authority in matters involving the administration of union
territories belongs to Parliament.
President will be responsible for overseeing the Union territory through a person he or
she chooses as administrator, unless Parliament specifies otherwise.
There is a Unitary relationship between the Union Territories and the Center.
They are directly managed and governed by the Centre.
They lack autonomy, and their organizational structure isn’t conventional.
PART IX : THE PANCHAYATS
According to Article 40 of the Constitution, the State shall make efforts to establish
village panchayats and grant them the powers and authority that may be necessary to
enable them to function as units of self-government.
Panchayats, which are covered by the 73rd Amendment to the Constitution, are designed
to enhance local self-government at the village, town, and city levels while also enabling
collaboration between rural and urban areas.
PART IXA : THE MUNICIPALITIES
Urban self-government entities are defined under the Constitution (Seventy-fourth
Amendment) Act of 1992 in terms of their organization, membership, authority, and
duties.
Part IXB : Co-operative Societies
One type of self-help group is a cooperative society.
It is a crucial weapon for attaining the Preamble of the Indian Constitution’s vision of social and
economic justice as well as safeguarding people from capitalist exploitation.
The Constitution (Ninety-seventh Amendment) Act of 2011 added a new Part IX B to the
Constitution after Part IX-A, which includes Articles 243 ZH through 243 ZT.
Cooperative societies are the main topic of the new section.
Part X : The Scheduled and Tribal Areas
Article 244 specifies that, with the exception of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram, the
Fifth Schedule applies to the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled
Tribes in all states, while the Sixth Schedule applies to the administration and control of Tribal
Areas in those states.
Part XI : Relations between the Union and the States
Relations between the Union and the States is covered under Article 245 – 289. The relation
between the Union and the states can be understood under three broad heads which are provided
here under.
Legislative relations (Article 245-255)
Administrative relations (Article 256-263)
Financial relations (Articles 264-289)
Part XII : Finance, Property, Contracts, and Suits
The transfer of the properties, assets, rights, liabilities, and obligations of the Indian states is
governed under Article 295. According to Article 298 the following duties should be within the
purview of the executive power of the Union or States:
To engage in any type of commerce or business,
To purchase, hold, or sell the property,
To enter into contracts for any purpose.
Part XIII : Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India
The Indian Constitution’s Part XIII, Articles 301 to 307, guarantees freedom of trade, commerce,
and sexual activity.
While Articles 302 to 305 list the trade prohibitions, Article 301 specifies the general principles
of trade and commerce.
The Australian Constitution served as a model for these provisions.
Part XIV : Services under the Union and the States
Articles 308 through 323 cover topics pertaining to the services provided by the Union and the
states.
While Articles 315 to 323 deal with Public Service Commissions for the Union and states,
Articles 308 to 313 deal with the hiring, firing, working conditions, and constitutional protection
of public employees.
Part XIVA : Tribunals
A tribunal is a quasi-judicial organization created to deal with problems like resolving
administrative or tax-related disputes.
Its duties range from adjudicating disputes to determining the rights of conflicting parties to
making administrative judgments and evaluating administrative decisions, among other things.
The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 to the Indian Constitution established tribunals, which were
not included in the original Constitution.
Article 323-A addresses Administrative Tribunals.
Article 323-B addresses other tribunals.
Part XV : Elections
The topics covered in Part XV (Articles 324 to 329) relate to elections. According to Article 324
(1) of the Constitution, the Election Commission has extensive authority, however these powers
cannot be used in ways that go against the law or current regulations.
Part XVI : Special provisions relating to certain classes
Special provisions pertaining to specific classes are covered in Part XVI. Articles 330 to 342
provide special safeguards to safeguard the rights of Anglo-Indians, Backward Classes,
Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes.
The reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies are covered in Articles 330 and
332, respectively.
According to Article 330, seats in the Lok Sabha are reserved for members of Scheduled Castes
and Scheduled Tribes.
The entire population of such castes and tribes shall determine the number of seats allotted for
them in any State or Union territory.
Part XVII : Official Language
The Republic of India’s official language is outlined in Part XVII of the Indian Constitution
(Articles 343 to 351).
The primary guidelines for determining the official language of the Union are contained in
Articles 343 and 344 of the Indian Constitution.
The Constitution’s 8th Schedule lists the official languages of India.
Part XVIII : Emergency Provisions
The Emergency Provision in India is covered in Part XVIII of the constitution. In India, the
federal government is given the power to become a unitary government if the situation calls for it
thanks to the Constitution’s emergency provisions. The Indian Constitution recognizes three
different categories of emergencies:
National Emergency
President Rule
Financial Emergency
Part XIX : Miscellaneous
Part XIX of the Indian Constitution contains provisions concerning the following topics:
President and governors’ protection.
Courts are barred from interfering in disputes resulting from certain treaties, accords, and so on.
Recognition of Indian state rulers and privy purses is abolished.
Special rules apply to major ports and airports.
The consequence of failing to comply with or carry out Union directives.
Definitions outlined in Article 366.
Interpretation of the constitutional provisions.
Part XX : Amendment to the Constitution
Part XX is concerned with Amendment of the Constitutional of India.
The designers of the Constitution of India envisioned a mechanism for amending the
Constitution that is neither too rigid nor too flexible.
Article 368 particularly addresses amendments, while other provisions of the Constitution
provide amendments through the ordinary parliamentary system.
Part XXI : Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
Part XXI of the Indian Constitution contains legislation pertaining to the country’s Constitution
and the union of states that comprise it.
This section of the Constitution is made up of articles on Temporary, Transitional, and Special
Provisions.
The purpose of Articles 371 to 371-J of Part XXI is to meet the aspirations of the people of
backward regions of the states, to protect the tribal people’s cultural and economic interests, to
deal with the disturbed law and order situation in some parts of the states, and to protect the
interests of the local people of the states.
Part XXII : Short title, commencement, authoritative text in Hindi and repeals
Part XXII is a compilation of laws that includes articles on the short title, beginning date,
authoritative text in Hindi, and repeals.
