MODERN HISTORY
Video Link:- https://youtu.be/4rtVAINPR_8?si=vc24s02s1SdxzJet
Video Name:- Complete MODERN HISTORY by
Gv witmover
29TH March 1857- Mangal Pandey Revolts (34th Bengal Native Infantry),
Enfield Rifle
• 8th April 1857- Execution of Mangal Pandey
Revolt 1857 Leaders
Delhi- BahadurshahJafar II
Kanpur- Nana Saheb
Kalki - Tantaiya Tope
Faizabad - Maulvi Ahmadullah
Lucknow- Begum Hazrat Mahal
Bareily-Khan Bahadur Khan
Jhansi - Rani Laxmi Bai
Jagdishpur- Kunwar Singh
Allahabad - Liyaqat Ali
IMPORTANT LEAGUES
1864 - Translation Society (Scientific Society) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
1875 - Aligarh Muslim University (Sir Syed Ahmad Khan) in Uttar Pradesh
1875 - Indian League was formed
Founder-Sisir Kumar Ghosh
Objective-stimulating a sense of Nationalism among People
Sisir Ghosh founded- Amrita Bazaar Patrika In 1868.
1876-Indian Association Formed
Founder- SN Bannerji & Anand Mohan Bose
Objective- Political, Intellectual & Material Advancement of people.
Work- Opposed the Elbert's Bill
1885-Indian National Congress formed
Found in Mumbai,
Founder-AO Hume (Britisher), Dada Bhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Edulji
Wacha िदनशॉ एडु लजी वाचा [for pronunciation
https://youtu.be/mv8SKH3beLM?si=FDcvqdcPyVB7EgB4 )
Dinshaw Edulji wacha get Knighthood title in 1917)
Viceroy at that time - Lord Dufferin
IMPORTANT CONGRESS SESSIONS and PRESIDENTS
1885 - Bombay- WC Banerjee (Hindu)
1886,1893, 1906 - Calcutta, Lahore, Calcutta - Dada Bhai Naoraji
(Parsi)
1887- Madras- Badruddin Tayabji (Muslim)
1888- Allahabad-George Yule (Non-Indian)
1917- Annie Besant (डॉ एनी बेसे )
1924- Gandhiji (Belgaon)
1929, 1936 and 1937 - J.L. Nehru (Lahore, Faizpur & Faizpur)
1931- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Karachi)
1938- Haripura, SC Bose
1939- Tripura, SC Bose (But resigned due to Gandhi ji's Protest)
1948-Pattabhi Sitaramayya (P. Sitaramayya) & J.L. Nehru (Jaipur)
1948- Gandhi ji's Death
Important Questions on Indian National Congress
Venue 1st Session- Gokul Tejpal Sanskrit School, Bombay.
"Swaraj" was first used at congress platform: (1906), Calcutta
First Women President: Annie Besant (1917 Calcutta session).
First Indian Women President: Sarojini Naidu (1925, Kanpur session)
Total Women President - Annie Besant, Sarojini Naidu & Nalin
Sengupta,
First Muslim President- Badruddin Tayabji (1887, Madras)
Youngest President Indian National Congress: Maulana Abul Kalam
Azad
Maximum times President:
Dadabhai Naoraji (1886,1893, 1906)
Jawahar Lal Nehru (1929, 1936, 1937)
First village session: Faizpur, near Jalgaon, 1936
Complete Independence demand raised for the first time: Lahore
(1929).
First time Vande Mataram Sung: Calcutta Session 1896
First time National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana ): Calcutta session (1911)
Constitution need to be emphasized:
First time at Allahabad session, 1888
Second time Puna Session 1885
All India Khadi Board: formed as a result of 1923 Delhi Session
Khadi made compulsory: Guwahati session 1926
All India Youth congress: Calcutta Session 1928
Fundamentals Rights and Economic Policy Proposals Passed: Karachi
Session 1931
Congress was declared illegal during 1932,1933 sessions
'Socialism' was first used at - 1936 Lucknow session.
1894-Ganpati Mahotsav started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Lokmanya
Tilak)
1894- Deccan Mahasabha or Deccan Education Society by BG Tilak &
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar in Pune.
Work by BG Tilak-
Propagated Swadeshi Movement
All India Home League in 1916 at Belgaum.
Newspaper-Weeklies Kesari (Marathi) & Mahratta (English).
Books- Gita Rahasya & Arctic Home of the Vedas.
Slogan-Swaraj is my birthright & I shall have it.
1895- Shivaji Mahotsav by Lokmanya Tilak at Fort Raigad at tomb of
Shivali.
1897-Rama Krishna Mission (H.Q.- Belur Math, West Bengal)
Founder- Vivekanand
1903- Gandhiji Published "Indian Opinion" a newspaper in South Africa.
Total 4 publications were run by Gandhiji:
a. Indian Opinion,
b. Young India,
c. Navajivan
d. Harijan.
1904- Abhinav Bharat Society (By Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and
Ganesh Savarkar)
1905- Bengal Partition (Viceroy- Lord Curzon),
Swadeshi or Boycott Movement started.
Rabindranath Tagore involked people to celebrate 16th Oct 1905 as
Rakshabandhan Day.
Slogan in Swadeshi Movement-'Vande Mataram' by Bankim Chandra
Chattopadhyay.
R.N. Tagore set 'Bengal National College' to boycott British Colleges.
Principal was Aurobindo Ghosh.
1906- Aggressive Nationalists forced Dada Bhai Naoraji to speak of 'Swaraj'
in Calcutta Session Of INC
.
1906- All India Muslim League
Founder - Aga Khan III, Khawaja Salimullah,
Hakim Ajmal Khan
Real Founder - Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Venue- Dhaka (Bangladesh)
Headquarters-Lucknow
Ist President-Aga Khan III (Sultan Muhammad Shah)
1907-Surat Split
Session- 23rd Congress Session *Venue- Surat, on the bank of River
Tapti
Ras Bihari got the Presidentship
Extremists wanted Lala Lajpat Rai to be chosen
INC split into 2 Groups-
1) Extremists (Led by Lal, Bal & Pal)
2) Moderates (Led by G.K. Gokhale)
Viceroy at that time- Lord Minto
1908 - Muzaffarpur Bomb Kaand
Executed by Khudiram Bose.
1909- Marley Minto Reform (Communal Election) Lord Minto proposed
separate electorate for Muslims.
Satyendra Prasad Sinha became first Indian to Join the viceroy's
Executive Council. He was appointed as the Law Member.
1911- Delhi Darbar (By Lord Harding)
Chief Guest: George Vth and Queen Marry
New Capital Delhi (Capital Shifted from Calcutta to Delhi)
Refused Bengal Partition
Formation of Bihar and Odisha
1913- Rabindranath Tagore conferred with 'Knighthood' title.
The National Anthem is composed in the Raga, 'Sankarabharanam'
The English translation of the National Anthem is "The morning song of
India".
National anthem was first sung at the Calcutta session of INC (1911)
India accepted it as our National Anthem on 24 January 1950.
'Bharat Vidhata' was the first name of National Anthem.
National anthem was first published in the book Tatvabodhini'.
Tagore also wrote the national anthem of Bangladesh 'Amar Sonar
Bangla'.
'Jeevan Smriti'- Autobiography of Tagore
1913-Ghadar Party (in San Francisco, USA)
Founder - Lala Hardayal, Kartar Singh, Abdul Hafiz Barkatullah
1914- Komagatamaru Ship Incident
Leader- Baba Gurdit Singh
Total Passengers- 376
1915-Gandhiji Came to India
Gandhiji called Subhah Chandra Bose the 'Prince among the Patriots' in
1942.
Winston Churchil called Gandhiji a "Half naked Seditious Fakir".
The name 'Gurudev' was given to Tagore by Gandhiji.
Tagore called Gandhiji- 'Mahatma'.
The original Autobiography of Gandhiji written in Gujarathi language
was 'Sathya na Prayogo'.
French Novelist who wrote the biography of Gandhiji was Romain
Rolland.
Gandhiji's Autobiography "My Experiments with Truth" was written in
1922 while he was in Jail. It describes his life from 1869 to 1921.
It was translated into English by Mahadev Desai.
1916-Banaras Hindu University established by Madan Mohan Malviya.
Lucknow Pact- Extremists & Moderates came together. Also, Hindus &
Muslims got together.
Home rule Movement- First by BG Tilak in Pune in April, then by Annie
Besant in Madras in September.
Sabarmati Ashram established.
0
1917-Montague Declaration (August Declaration)
Control of Govt. would be transferred gradually to Indian People.
Moderates called it- 'the Magna Carta of India' Tilak called it 'Morning
without Sun'
1917-Champaran Andolan
1918 - Kheda Andolan, Ahemdabad Mill Strike
1919 (1) Montague Chelmsford Reforms
-
a) Dyarchy was introduced (Double Govt.).
Rawlatt Act
(2) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
a) Gandhiji gave up the title 'Kesar-e-Hind
b) R.N. Tagore gave up the title of 'Knighthood'
c) Shankaran Nair resigned from Executive Council of Viceroy.
d) Hunter Commission- Inquiry Committee but it had not penalized
General Dyer.
e) Revenge was taken by Sardar Udham Singh by killing O'Dyer in
Caxton Hall, London on 13 March 1940
(3) Rawlatt Act-
a) Imprisonment without any trial.
b) Criticized as 'Black Act'
c) It was called- Bina Apeel, Bina Daleel, Bina Vakeel.
(4) Khilafat Andolan- (Seaverse Treaty)
By Mhd. Ali & Shaukat Ali
For restoring Political authority of Calipha of Ottoman Empire (Turkey).
1920- Non Cooperation Movement started
1921-Prince Charles Came to India
1922-Chauri Chaura Kaand in Gorakhpur, UP
a) The mob burnt 22 policemen
b) Gandhiji withdrew Non Cooperation Movement & he was sentenced to 6
years of imprisonment by British Govt. on 10 March 1922.
1923-Swaraj Party-
a) President- CR Das
b) Secretary- Motilal Nehru
c) Boycott of the Legislative Council
1928-Simon Commission in India
a) For Constitutional Reforms
b) Opposed by Congress because no Indian was its member.
c) Lala Lajpat Rai Martyred on 30 Oct. 1928
Nehru Report
a) A committee was formed under The chairmanship of Motilal Nehru.
b) It advocated Dominion Status not Complete Independence.
c) Recommended Equal Rights for women.
HSRA (Hindustan Socialist Republican Party
a) By Chandrashekhar Azad
b) Venue- Firoz Shah Kotla, Delhi
c) Motto-Lahore Conspiracy
1929-Lahore Session
a) Poorna Swaraj declared by INC on the bank of River Ravi, Lahore under
Jawaharlal Nehru on December 1929.
b) Decided to boycott Round Table Conference
c) Newly adopted Tricolour Flag was unfurled On 31 Dec. 1929 & First
Independence Day was fixed on 26 Jan 1930.
d) This happened due to breakdown of negotiations between leaders of the
Freedom Movement & the British over the question of Dominion Status.
1929-Bhagat Singh
Bhagat Singh & B.K. Dutt bombed the Central Legislative Council, Delhi and
Enchanted-'Inquilab Zindabad'
Their Goal was not to harm anyone. Goal was to "make the deaf hear".
1930-Civil Disobedience Movement
(Savinay Avagya Andolan)
a) Civil Disobedience Movement was started by
Gandhiji with Dandi March on 12 March 1930 b) Gandhiji reached Dandi on 6
April 1930 & violated the Salt Law.
1st Round Table Conference (74 People)
a) Held on 12 Nov. 1930 in London to discuss Simon Commission.
b) Gandhiji & Congress boycotted it.
c) Muslim League's representative- Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Agha Khan &
Fazlul Haq.
d) Dalits' Representative-B.R. Ambedkar
1931-Chandrashekhar Azad Martyred on 27th Feb 1931.
1931-Gandhi Irwin Pact-
a) It was signed on 5th March 1931 Between viceroy Lord Irwin & Gandhiji.
b) Gandhiji agreed to suspend Civil Disobedience Movement.
c) Gandhiji agreed to join 2nd Round Table Conference
23rd March 1931 Bhagat Singh was Martyred
1931 2nd Round Table Conference
a) Chaired by Ramsay Macdonald (P.M. of Britain)
b) Gandhiji attended this Conference
c) Irwin was changed to a new Viceroy Wellington
d) Gandhiji demanded control over Defence & Foreign Affairs.
e) B.R. Ambedkar demanded separate Electorate for Depressed Class which
was opposed by Gandhiji.
f) No Conclusion of this Conference.
1932-Communal Award
a) Separate Electorate was given to Depressed Class.
b) Grant weightage to Muslims in provinces where they were in minority.
> Poona Pact
a) Gandhiji was in Yervada Jail during during Communal Award.
b) He started Fast unto death.
c) Poona Pact was concluded b/n B.R. Ambedkar & Gandhiji.
1932-3rd Round Table conference-
a) 46 people attended it.
b) Congress Boycotted it
c) Outcome- Govt. of India Act
All the 3 Round Table Conferences were attended by B.R. Ambedkar.
1933- a) Harijan Patrika by Gandhiji
b) Rehmat Ali Khan coined the word "Pakistan".
➤ 1934- Harijan Sevak Sangh
1935-Govt of India Act (It led to Estb. of RBI, Federal Court, PSC, FPSC etc.)
1937-Gullam Bharat's First Ever Election, India Self Rule Movement
1939-45- World War 2
Subhash Chandra Bose
➤
1925-SC Bose arrested, sent to Alipore Jail then sent to Mandalay Jail via
Mayanmar
1938-Haripur session of INC (SC Bose President)
1939-Tripuri Session
a) SC Bose Defeated P. Sitaramaiya and then left INC.
b) All India Forward Block Established by by SC Bose (Calcutta)
SC Bose gave 2 titles to Gandhiji
1. Rashtrapita
2. Bapu
1945-SC BOSE Aircraft Crashed.
World's 1 Women Combat Army by India - Rani Laxmi Bai Regiment (Women
Army) BY SC Bose
Real Founder-S.C. Bose
MODERN HISTORY with Timeline- Marathon
00:12
1940-August Offer (By Lord Linlithgow)
a) Dominion status in unspecified future.
b) Expansion of Governor-General's council with representation of Indians.
- c) Congress and Muslim League Rejected it.
AUGUST OFFER
On 23 March 1940 Demand for Pakistan By Mhd. Ali Jinnah
Demand for Pakistan proposal was prepared by 'Khaliquzzaman'
March 1942- Stafford Cripps Mission
a) Dominion status to be granted after the war.
b) Defence of India would remain in British hands.
c) Powers of Gov.-Gen. Would remain intact.
d) Gandhiji called it- "Post Dated cheque on a Crashing Bank"
e) All leaders of Congress imprisoned.
f) Jinnah supported Britishers in World War II.
August 1942- Quit India Movement
a) Started from Gowalia Maidan, Bombay
b) Gandhiji's slogan- "Do or Die"
1944- Rajagopalchari Formula or "Rajaji Formula"
1945- Wavell Plan
ON
a) By Viceroy Wavell, Simla Agreement
b) All the Executive councils were to be Indians except General &
Commander-in-Chief
c) 6 Muslim Representative out of 14 members which was more than the
Muslim share of Population.
d) Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Depressed Class all were given equal
representation in assembly.
e) This Plan was dissolved with the failure of Conference & with it the last
chance
1946- Cabinet Mission Plan
a) It reached Delhi on 24 March 1946.
b) 3 Members were sent by PM of England "Clement Atlee" -
* Pethick Lawrence
• Stafford Cripps, *A.V. Alexander
c) Objective- To formulate a Constitution- Making Body (the Constituent
Assembly of India).
d) It was failed due to demand of a separate nation for Muslims by Muslim
League.
16 Aug. 1946- Direct Action Day
a) Violence between Hindus and Muslims in Calcutta (Bengal).
b) It was initiated by Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
c) Reason-Failure of Cabinet Mission Plan
d) Demand of separate Nation by Jinnah.
e) CM of Bengal at that time- Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
f) Governor of Bengal at that time- Frederick John Burrows
Mountbatten Plan
3 June 1947-Mountbatten Plan
PM of England at that time: Clement Attlee
Mountbatten sworn in as Gov.-Gen. on 24 March India to be divided into India
& Pakistan. 1947
Bengal & Punjab would be Partitioned.
1947-14 Aug - Pakistan was Formed. 15th August -India got Independence
from British Rule.
1971-Bangladesh separated from Pakistan (Liberation War).
On 26th November 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the
Constitution of India, which came into effect from 26th January 1950.
