Bengal partition

• Bengal division called in 1905 under Lord Curzon

• Through a royal proclamation east Bengal and Assam were created out of rest of Bengal
• 16 October1905 the date of partition was decided
• On 7th August 1905 at town hall of Calcutta the anti Partition Agitation was initiated
• Surendra Nath Banerjee and Krishna Kumar Mitra was the first and most prominent leaders to
start anti partition movement
• Sanjeevani was the first newspaper to publish about Bengal division
• In the banaras session of Inc 1905 presided by gopal Krishna gokhale It was the first time to be
called for swadeshi
• On 7th August1905 in the meeting of Inc it was decided to boycott British goods
• Ravindranath tagore given the song Amar sonar bangla as a symbol of protest which became
national anthem of Bangladesh in 1971
• Rabindranath tagore also asked people to tie rakhi on each others hand On 16th October 1905 as
the symbol of unity of Hindu and Muslim
• Bengal division was called off in 1911 under Lord hardinge Under Morley minto act of 1909
• Surat split occurs in the Congress in the year 1907 between moderate and extremist group
• Under swadeshi movement Bengal
o technical institute was established.
o On 15th August 1906 National Council of education was set up
o National College at Calcutta was established with Aurobindo ghosh as its principal
o Rabindranath tagore's shanti niketan and Dawn society by satish Mukherjee Was
established
• Leaders of swadeshi movement
o Punjab - lala lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh
o Dilli - Syed hyder Raja
o Madras - Chidambaram Pillai
o Maharashtra - Bal gangadhar tilak
o Andhra - Hari sarvottam Rao

Morley minto reform 1909

• In 1906 during the tenure of viceroy Minto Separate electorate system for Muslims
demanded by Muslim elites led by agha khan under shimla deputation This group soon
became Muslim league initially led by nawab salimullah of Dhaka.
• This act is also known as Indian council act of 1909
• Provisions in the act
o Number of elected member were increased in the provincial legislative council
o Elected member were to be indirectly elected
o Separate electorate system for Muslims in respect of access of their population
strength
o One Indian was to be appointed to viceroy executive council
o Satyendra Prasad Sinha was the first to be appointed in 1909
o 2 Indians were also appointed to India council in England
 o Partition of Bengal was called off in 1911
o Capital of India was sifted to Delhi from Calcutta in 1911
o East Bengal and West Bengal were merged together
o Bihar and Odisa was separated from Bengal
o New province Assam was created

Home rule movement

• After returning from Mandalay In 1915 from 6 year of sentence Bal gangadhar tilak
started home rule movement in India with the help of Annie besant which is inspired
from Ireland
• This movement was supported by social and political reforms
• Tilak home rule movement
o It was started in Pune in April 1916
o he covers the area of Maharashtra Karnataka central province
o In this movement he wanted swaraj with the demand for linguistic states and
education in vernacular language
o He gave the slogan swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it
o He is started 2 newspaper maratha (English) & Kesari (Msrathi).
o Valentine chirol in his book Indian unrest remarked tilak as father of Indian
unrest For this tilak file case Against Valentine chirol in Britain
• Annie besant home rule movement
o She started home rule movement at adyar in September 1916 with the help of
subramaniam iyer
o She started the newspaper new India, Commonwealth and young India
o She coined the term Commonwealth
o George arundale was organising secretary of this home rule movement
o In June 1917 Annie basin was arrested but due to pressure on government
government have to release her in September 1917
• Home rule movement was declined of after Annie Besant accepted the proposal of
Montague Chelmsford reform and tilak went to Britain

Montague Chelmsford reform

• Diarchy system was introduced in the province

• Came into existence in 1919
• also known as Government of India act 1919.
• provincial subject were divided into reserved subject and transferred subject
• reserve subject were, police, ,jail, land revenue, forest, irrigation
• Transferred subject were, education local self government, public health, sanitation,
agriculture,, industries
• Reserve subject administered by governor and his executive council
• transfer subject administered by governor and his minister
• Bicameral legislature (means 2 chambered house) was set up at centre Consisting
council of state 60 members and legislative assembly 145 members.
 • Salary of the Secretary of State for India and his assistant to be paid out by British
revenue
• viceroy executive council was expanded to 8 members of which 3 members are Indian.

Rowlatt act

• Came into existence In 1919

• This act was termed as black act by nationalist
• this act is also known as no daleel no vakil and no appeal act.
• On the basis of suspicion any person could be arrested
• against such arraylist no appeal or petition could be filed for maximum period of 2 years
• In February 1919 any nationwide protest was called by gandhiji call dash rowlatt
satyagraha
• Or nationwide mass strike was called this was first mass strike ( Hartal) called by Gandhi
• Under this act Two nationalist leaders were arrested 1. Dr Saif -ud-din Kitchlew and 2. Dr
Satyapal Mullick were arrested.
• Against their detention on a baisakhi day mass gathered at jallianwala bagh Andy started
satyagraha
• On 13th April 1919 general Dyer order fire against the satyagrahis
• Unison wide protest was started against this massacre
• rabindranath tagore returned his knighthood title as a protest
• Gandhi called office rowlatt satyagraha movement on 18 th April 1919
• Gandhi returned his Kaiser -i- Hind Title which he got in South Africa for arranging
ambulance service during Boer War
• Hunter Commission was appointed to investigate on the matter of this massacre
• Hunter Commission suggested transfer of general Dyer to London as punishment.

Khilafat movement 1920-22

• After the defeat of Turkey in the First World War a Treaty of sevres was signed by
Turkey in 1920
• this treaty turms where considered by Muslim as a great insult to them as Khalifa
system was banned
• the whole movement was based on damn Muslim belief that Khalifa was the
religious head of Muslim all over the world
• Nationwide protest was started by the Muslims
• In India Maulana abul kalam Azad MA Ansari saifuddin kichlu and early brothers
where the prominent leader of this movement
• Ali Brothers ( Mohammad Ali and Saukat Ali) Was considered as founder of khilafat
movement in India
• khilafat movement merged with the non cooperation movement of Gandhi

Non Cooperation Movement 1920 – 22

• On 1st August 1920 non cooperation movement and khilafat movement was formally
launched
 • In the Inc session of Nagpur held in December 1920 it was approved by Congress to
support Gandhi non cooperation movement

Features of NCM

• The movement began with Mahatma Gandhi renouncing the titles given by
British
• Gandhi asked people to surrender titles and honorary position given by British
• also asked to resign from the local body
• boycott election and legislature
• boycott of government functions courts government schools and colleges
• boycott of foreign goods and use of swadeshi goods and khadi was started
• Establishment of national schools colleges and private panchayat courts
• in 1921 mass demonstration were held against Prince of Wales during his tour
of India
• Congress and khilafat committee where proclaimed as illegal by British
• whole movement was abruptly called off on 12th February 1922 at bardoli baig
Gandhi after the chauri chaura incident in which 22 policemen where burnt alive
on 5th February 1922 at chauri chaura near gorakhpur.

Simon Commission 1927

• On 8th November 1927 Lord Birkenhead Sent Simon Commission to India

• Chairman Sir John Simon
• It was 7 member Indian statutory Commission comprising of only white members
• Due to all white members it was opposed by all Indians at massive scale
• The Commission was decided to be boycotted at every stage and in every form in
the Congress session presided by MA Ansari in December 1927
• In this session of Congress unsnap resolution was passed by Nehru and Congress
declared complete independence as their goal
• On 3rd February 1928 Commission was landed in Bombay
• countrywide hadtal was organised on that day
• Simon go back slogan was used
• Simon Go Back slogan was coined by Yusuf Meherally.
• In October 1928 lala lajpat Rai was injured in lathicharge due to weight he died on
17th November 1928
• In may 1930 Simon Commission published its report
• the unsuccessful experiment with diarchy was mentioned in the report
• the establishment of autonomous government was suggested by the report
• The Government of India act 1935 was based on this report

Nehru Committee Report 1928

• In February 1928 an All India Parties Conference met and a subcommittee always
formed
• Chairman of this committee was Motilal Nehru
• Main objective of this committee was to draft a constitution as an answer to
Birkenhed
• In drafting constitutional framework it was the first attempt.
• By August 1928 the report was finalised.
• Dominion status was favoured by the majority but a section of people wanted
complete independence
• Recommendation of the committee
o Making of the province on the basis of language
o Equal rights for women
o Rights to form union
o Universal adult suffrage was supported
o Total 19 fundamental rights were given
o Autonomy at province and full responsible Government at centre
o Bicameral legislature was recommended with clear cut division of power
between province and state.
o Protection to Muslims were provided