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Class 12 - Political Science

Sample Paper - 09 (2024-25)

Maximum Marks: 80
Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
2. All questions are compulsory.
3. Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
4. Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50-60 words each.
5. Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100-120 words each. There is
an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions
6. Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
7. Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170-180 words.
8. There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.

SECTION – A (12 MARKS)

1. Arrange the following in chronological order-

i. Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres as President of the Socialist International.

ii. Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres appointed as a UN secretary general.
iii. Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres served as former Prime Minister of Portugal.
iv. Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
a) iv, ii, i, iii
b) iii, i, iv, ii
c) iii, ii, i, iv
d) iv, iii, ii, i

2. ________ acts as a think tank of the Union Government.

a) Ministry of External Affairs

b) Yojana Aayog
c) NITI Aayog
d) Election Commission of India

3. Who among the following was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India?

a) Narendra Dev
b) K. Kamaraj
c) Sukumar Sen
d) Karpoori Thakur

4. The main objective of the first Five-year plan was

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a) Industrial development
b) Growth with social justice
c) Agricultural growth
d) Transport and Communication

5. Match List I with List II regarding resistance to globalization in India by different quarters.

List-1 List-2

(a) Left wing (i) cultural influences

(b) Trade unions (ii) Patents on Indian herbs

(c) Right Wing (iii) economic liberalization

(d) Industry (iv) entry of multinationals

a) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
b) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
c) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
d) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

6. Assertion (A): The ruler of Travancore decided to remain independent and Nizam of Hyderabad made a similar
announcement the next day.
Reason (R): With the end of British rule in India, the paramountcy of the British crown over princely rulers also came to
an end.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

7. Which of the following Chinese premier was accompanied by the Dalai Lama in 1956?

a) Zhou Enlai
b) Deng Xiaoping
c) Mao
d) Hu Jintao

8. The constitution of India came into effect on the

a) 26 January 1950
b) 12 March 1948
c) 26 January 1948
d) 26 November 1949

9. Why the no-confidence motion against the government was moved in 1963?

a) Because of the Indo Pak war

b) Because of the Indo China war
c) Because of the farm protests
d) Because of the Food scarcity

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10. Assertion (A): Shock therapy was the transition of communism to capitalism.
Reason (R): The collapse of communism resulted in shock therapy.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

11. Which of the following country has also faced a secessionist movement from Basques like India?

a) Poland
b) Germany
c) Norway
d) Spain

12. Nepal was a constitutional monarchy till:

a) 2003
b) 2004
c) 2005
d) 2006
SECTION- B (12 MARKS)

13. What are the choices available to a state when its security is threatened according to the traditional security perspective?

14. Assess any two weaknesses of the coalition governments formed in India from 1989 to 1999.

15. Give any two arguments against the demand to stop construction of dams.

16. Why did Indira Gandhi government devalue the Indian Rupee in 1967?

17. Assess the steps taken by the Indian Government due to volatile situation in the North-East region caused by the Indo-
China War.

18. Explain any four reasons for the dominance of Congress party in the first three general elections in India.
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SECTION-C (20 MARKS)

19. Why would South Asia continue to be known as a conflict prone zone? Explain.

20. Is it justified to give Veto Power only to five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council? Support your answer
with any two arguments.

21. What is meant by Common but differentiated responsibilities? How could we implement the idea?

OR

‘Global commons have not only common, but differentiated responsibilities’? Do you agree with this view? Why?

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22. Explain any four negative consequences of Globalization for the people of India.

OR

Define globalisation. It is a multi dimensional concept? Justify.

23. Describe the demands of AASU, AGP and ULFA.

SECTION-D (12 MARKS)

24. Study the picture given below carefully:

i. ________ has emerged as the third major alternative centre of power.

(a) UAE
(b) China
(c) Japan
(d) England
ii. How can we recognize the country depicted in the cartoon?
(a) Dragon
(b) Great Wall
(c) Dragon and Great Wall
(d) The little man
iii. Based on the economic success of the country since ________ it is projected to overtake the US as the world’s largest
economy by ________.
(a) 1988, 2030
(b) 1968, 2050
(c) 1998, 2040
(d) 1978, 2040
iv. Its economic integration into the region makes it the driver of ________ growth, thereby giving it enormous
influence in regional affairs.
(a) East Asian
(b) South Asian
(c) West Asian
(d) Central Asian

25. In the given outline political map of India, four states have been marked as (A), (B), (C) and (D). With the help of the
information given below, identify them and write their correct names in your answer book along with the serial number

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of the information used and the related alphabet in the map as per the format given below:

i. The State to which Jai Prakash Narain belonged.

ii. The State where Indian National Congress won most of the Lok Sabha seats in 1977 elections.
iii. The State from where Raj Narain contested the Lok Sabha seat against Indira Gandhi in 1977 election.
iv. The State where Janata Party won all the Lok Sabha seats in 1977 election.
S. No. of the Name of the
Related alphabet given in the Map
information used State

(i)

(ii)
(iii)

(iv)

26. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: (1+1+2)
India did not follow any of the two known paths to development – it did not accept the capitalist model of development
in which development was left entirely to the private sector, nor did it follow the socialist model in which private
property was abolished and all the production was controlled by the state. Elements from both these models were taken
and mixed together in India. That is why it was described as ‘mixed economy’. A mixed model like this was open to
criticism from both the left and the right. Astride the Public Sector are Central Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri, Ajit Prasad
Jain, Kailash Nath Katju, Jagjivan Ram, T. T. Krishnamachari, Swaran Singh, Gulzari Lal Nanda, and B. V. Keskar.
Poverty did not decline substantially during this period; even when the proportion of the poor reduced, their numbers
kept going up.

i. Which countries elements have taken and mixed together in India?

a. The USA and USSR
b. France and Germany
c. Germany and Japan
d. Japan and USSR
ii. Which of the following were supporters of priority given to the Public sector?

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a. Jagjivan Ram
b. Swaran Singh
c. B. V. Keskar
d. All of the Above
iii. What characterized India's mixed economy model, and what criticisms did it face during its development phase?
SECTION-E (24 MARKS)

27. Why did the Soviet Union disintegrate?

OR

What was the Soviet system? Assess any four features of the Soviet system.

28. In what ways does the present Chinese economy differ from its command economy?

OR

How does geographical proximity influence the formation of regional organisations?

29. Describe any four major developments in the Indian politics since 1989.

OR

Describe the era of multi-party system in India after 1989.

30. The 1977 elections for the first time saw the Opposition coming into power at the Centre. What would you consider as
the reasons for this development?

OR

The Emergency, declared on 25 June, 1975, is seen a blur on Indian democracy. Assess its impact on the party system in
India.
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Class 12 - Political Science

Sample Paper - 09 (2024-25)

Solution

SECTION – A (12 MARKS)

1. (b) iii, i, iv, ii
Explanation:

iii. Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres served as the former Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002
i. Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres as President of the Socialist International from 1999 to 2005.
iv. Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees during 2005-2015
ii. Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres was appointed as a UN secretary-general in January 2017

2. (c) NITI Aayog

Explanation:

NITI Aayog

3. (c) Sukumar Sen

Explanation:

Sukumar Sen was an Indian civil servant who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India, serving from 21
March 1950 to 19 December 1958.

4. (c) Agricultural growth

Explanation:

Agricultural growth

5. (d) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

Explanation:

(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

6. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

7. (a) Zhou Enlai

Explanation:

The Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama accompanied the Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai during the official Chinese visit to
India in 1956. He informed Nehru about the worsening situation in Tibet. But China had already assured India that Tibet
will be given greater autonomy than enjoyed by any other region of China. In 1958, there was an armed uprising in Tibet
against China’s occupation. This was suppressed by the Chinese forces.

8. (a) 26 January 1950

Explanation:

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26 January 1950

9. (b) Because of the Indo China war

Explanation:

Because of the Indo China war

10. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

11. (d) Spain

Explanation:

First and the most elementary lesson is that regional aspirations are very much a part of democratic politics. Expression
of regional issues is not an aberration or an abnormal phenomenon. Spain faces a secessionist movement from the
Basques and so does Sri Lanka from Tamils.

12. (d) 2006

Explanation:

In April 2006, there were massive, country-wide, pro-democracy protests in Nepal. The struggling pro-democracy forces
achieved their first major victory when the king was forced to restore the House of Representatives that had been
dissolved in April 2002.

SECTION- B (12 MARKS)

13. When the security of a state is threatened, the government has three basic choices:

i. To surrender
ii. To prevent the other side from attacking by promising to raise the costs of war to an unacceptable level and
iii. To defend itself when war actually breaks out so as to deny the attacking country its objectives and to turn back or
defeat the attacking forces altogether.

The government may choose to surrender when actually confronted by war, but they will not advertise this as the policy
of the country. Therefore, a security policy is concerned with preventing war, which is called deterrence. and with
limiting or ending the war, which is called the defence.

14. Weakness of Coalitions governments:

Unstable government:The coalition government has its own interest and they fight for their own self interest. This leads
to the breakup of not only of various fronts, but of governments as well.

Political opportunism: Government formed on the basis of coalition becomes selfish, as opportunist, power hungry and
unscrupulous politicians focus on the self-interest only.

Lack of polarization: The coalition governments are formed not on the basis of polarization of political forces, but for
the sake of capturing power and vested interest. There have been no sincere urge even among the parties of same
ideology for political polarization.

15. i. Demand to stop construction of dams is criticized by many as obstructing the process of development.

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ii. Dams provide water for irrigation generate electricity, provide drinking water control floods, importance of dams was
upheld by the supreme courts.

16. One of the first decisions of the Indira Gandhi government was to evaluate the Indian rupee to check economic crisis of
1967. Earlier one US dollar could be purchased for less than ₹ 5; after devaluation, it cost more than ₹ 7. The economic
situation triggered off price rise. People started protesting against the increase in prices of essential commodities, food
scarcity, growing unemployment and overall economic condition in the country. The government saw the protests as a
law and order problem and not as expressions of people's problems. This further increased public bitterness and
reinforced popular unrest. The Communist and Socialist parties launched struggle to greater equality.

17. Steps taken by Indian Govt.-

i. The process of reorganization began soon after the China war.

ii. Nagaland was granted statehood.
iii. Manipur and Tripura though UTs were given the right to elect their own legislative assemblies.
iv. Indian leadership got allotted to the volatile situation in N.E region.
18. 1. Legacy of the National Movement: The Congress Party inherited the legacy of the National Movement, giving it a
significant advantage in popularity and influence across the country.
2. Widespread Organization: It was the only political party with an organization spread all over the country, allowing
it to mobilize resources and support effectively.
3. Charismatic Leadership: The Congress Party had the most popular and charismatic leader in Jawaharlal Nehru,
which attracted a large number of voters.
4. Early Campaigning Advantage: The Congress was already a well-organized party and began its campaigning early.
This 'first off the blocks' advantage helped it establish a strong presence before other parties could catch up.
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SECTION-C (20 MARKS)

19. South Asia would continue to be known as a conflict-prone zone because:

i. The region's main conflict is between India and Pakistan. The conflict is primarily over control of the Kashmir
region. Both countries claim control of this region.
ii. Another source of contention is border disputes between India and China. China refused to accept the border lines
drawn by the British.
iii. Internal conflicts on political and social issues exist in countries such as Nepal and Pakistan.
iv. China's strategic partnership with Pakistan remains a major irritant.
v. The insurgency has also been reported in India's North Eastern states. This insurgency was backed by groups based in
Bangladesh, Pakistan, and China.
vi. Conflicts between different neighbouring countries in this region.
vii. Interference of China and the United States in South Asian politics.
viii. The large South Asian diaspora in the US and huge population size and regional markets give America added stake in
the future of regional peace and security.
ix. South Asia is one of the most diverse regions. The diversity in terms of language, culture and ethnicity also
contributes to it.

(any TWO)

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20. Giving veto power exclusively to the five permanent members of the UN Security Council isn't justified for two reasons.
Firstly, it undermines the principle of equality among member states, as it gives disproportionate influence to a select
few. Secondly, it can lead to deadlock and inaction on critical global issues, as any of the permanent members can veto
resolutions, hindering the Council's ability to effectively address conflicts and maintain international peace and security.

21. Common but differentiated responsibilities mean that the state shall cooperate in the spirit of global partnership to
conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of the earth’s ecosystem. We could implement the idea with the help
of conventions and declarations:

i. The Rio-Summit held in June 1992 produced conventions dealing with climate change, biodiversity, forestry and
recommended a list of developed practices called Agenda 21.
ii. The Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement setting targets for industrialised countries to cut their greenhouse gas
emissions. Certain gases like Carbon dioxide, Methane, Hydro-fluoro carbons etc. are considered at least partly
responsible for global warming - the rise in global temperature which may have catastrophic consequences for life on
Earth. The protocol was agreed to in 1997 in Kyoto in Japan, based on principles set out in UNFCCC.

OR

Yes, I agree with this statement. There is a difference in approach by both North and South regarding ecological
conservation.

Following are the reasons :

i. The developed countries of global North want everyone to be equally responsible for ecological conservation.
ii. Developing countries of global South state that maximum amount of degradation is because of the industrial
development done by global North.
iii. The developing countries feel that much of the ecological degradation in the world is the product of industrial
development undertaken by the developed countries. If they have caused more degradation, they must also take more
responsibility for undoing the damage now
iv. Moreover, developing countries are in process of industrialization and they must not be subjected to the same
restrictions. They must be taken into account in the development application and interpretation of rules of
international environmental law. This argument was accepted in the Rio Declaration at the Earth Summit in 1992 and
is called ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’.
v. The 1992 United National Framework Conversation on Climate Change (UNFCCC) also provides that the parties
should act to protect the climate system “on the basis of equality and in accordance with their common but
differentiated responsibilities.”
vi. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement setting targets for industrialised countries to cut their greenhouse
gas emissions.

The concept of common and differentiated responsibilities was emphasised upon in 'Rio Declaration at the Earth
Summit' in the year 1992.

22. Negative consequences of Globalization on

i. Expensive seeds purchased to m MNCs compelled farmers committing suicides due to crop failure.
ii. Slowly and gradually MNCs started buying lndia companies, resulted in instability in market.
iii. While some advances were made in certain arenas, critical sectors such as health, housing and primary education did
not receive the attention they deserved.

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iv. India had a fairly sluggish rate of economic growth. In 1991, responding to a financial crisis and to desire for higher
rates of economic growth which yet to be achieved.
v. De-regulated various sectors including trade and foreign investment.

OR

Globalisation as a concept fundamentally deals with flows i.e., flows of ideas, capital, commodities and people across
different parts of the world. It is a multidimensional concept.

Yes, Globalisation is a multi-dimensional concept as:

It has political, economic and cultural manifestations.

Politically it results in an erosion of state capacity because in place of the welfare state, it is market that
determines the economic and social priorities.
Economically golbalistaion has resutled in four kinds of flows i.e., of ideas, commodities, capital, and people.
Culturally too, golbalisation leads to cultural homogenisation or heterogenisation.

23. The All Assam Students' Union and Asom Gana Parishad have demanded that all outsiders who had entered the State
after 1951 should be sent back. The movement also tried to blockade the movement of trains and the supply of oil from
Assam to refineries in Bihar. All the states in north-east are witnessing the frustration of the emerging elite and serious
inter-elite and intra-elite hostilities. It is not without reason that all democratic protest movements have been launched by
the student organisations like the AASU, AGP and the North-East Students Coordination Committee. The United
Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) is a militant outfit operating in the Indian state of Assam. It seeks to establish an
independent state of Assam with an armed struggle in the Assam conflict. All these student movements also receive
support from the intelligentsia of the north-east states. The extremist sections of the students also join secessionists and
armed movements like the ULFA.

SECTION-D (12 MARKS)

24. i. (b) China
ii. (c) Dragon and Great Wall
iii. (d) 1978, 2040
iv. (a) East Asian
S. No. of the Name of the
Related alphabet given in the Map
25. information used State
(i) D Bihar
(ii) C Jammu & Kashmir

(iii) B Uttar Pradesh

(iv) A Haryana
26. i. (a) The USA and USSR
ii. (d) All of the Above
iii. India's mixed economy combined elements of both capitalism and socialism, avoiding complete reliance on the
private sector or total state control of production. This approach faced criticism from both the left and right for its
lack of clarity and effectiveness. Despite some reduction in poverty proportion, the absolute number of poor
continued to rise during this period.
SECTION-E (24 MARKS)

27. The causes for the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 were as given below:

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i. Economic stagnation: The Soviet economy used much of its resources in maintaining a nuclear and military arsenal
and the development of its satellite states in Eastern Europe and within the Soviet system. This led to huge
expenditure and economic stagnation.
ii. Knowledge about the advance of the West: The citizens became more knowledgeable about the economic advance
of the West. They came to know about the disparities between their system and the system of the West.
iii. Stagnation in administration and political sphere: The Communist Party had ruled the Soviet Union for 70 years
but was not accountable to the people. The administration was bureaucratic and authoritarian. There was no place for
dissent. There was too much corruption. There was no system to correct mistakes. Party leaders enjoyed more
privileges than ordinary citizens.

OR

The Soviet system was based on the critique of capitalism which declared that capitalism unavoidingly leads never-
ending impoverishment and exploitation of the masses. It stressed that capitalism can never equate itself with mass
production for the satisfaction of human needs. The Soviet system was based on the ideology of Socialism, Communism,
Marxism and Leninism.
The Soviet system was largely pro-poor in orientation with social policies aimed at the welfare of the masses. The Soviet
system was constituted after the Russian Revolution of 1917, based on equality and planned economy. Four features of
the Soviet system are :

i. In the Soviet system, the state was accorded an important role. The state was the saviour of the masses. The state was
considered the only way to bring equality in society and to develop at a high growth rate.
ii. The Soviet system was an outcome of the socialist doctrine which seeks to create an egalitarian society. The motive
of this system was to bring equality into the country.
iii. The Soviet system's economy was planned and controlled by the state. There were no private enterprises or
industries. All the factors of production remained in the hands of the Government,
iv. The Soviet political system gave primacy to the Communist Party with no scope for the opposition in politics. No
other political party was allowed in the United States of Soviet Russia. It was a sign of authoritarianism.

28. The present China economy differs from its earlier communist economy in the following ways:

Earlier communist economy Present economy

After the communist revolution, the economy was based on the Soviet China introduced a market economy and
Model. opened its economy step by step.
By 1978 China followed the ‘open door’
China severed its links with the capitalist world.
policy and introduced economic reforms.

Investments of capital and technology from

It used its own resources and depended on Soviet aid and advice.
abroad was encouraged.
The policy of privatisation of agriculture
The object was to create a state-owned heavy industries sector from
(1982), of industry (1998) was followed. Trade
the capital accumulated from agriculture.
barriers were removed.
China was short of foreign exchange that it needed in order to buy China has now large foreign exchange reserves
technology and goods from the world market. So it decided to that are used to make a big investment in other
substitute imports by domestic goods. countries.

OR

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Geographical proximity influences the formation of regional organisations because the countries of a region face similar
problems. For example, before and after the Second World War, the South East Asian countries suffered the economic
and political consequences of repeated colonialisms, both European and Japanese. There were common problems of
nation-building, the ravages of poverty, economic backwardness and the pressure to join one bloc or the other during the
Cold War. There was no informal cooperation and interaction. Thus, ASEAN was established by South East Asian
countries. Similarly, the effects of the Second World War brought the West European states closer to each other. Marshall
Plan, OEEC, Council of Europe, the European Economic Community, European Parliament and ultimately the European
Union were various steps in this direction. If the European Union has succeeded in the creation of the European
Parliament or to have a common currency i.e., Euro, it is due to their geographical proximity.

29. The four major developments in Indian politics since 1989:

i. First the most crucial development of this period was the defeat of the Congress party in the elections held in 1989.
ii. The second development was the rise of the 'Mandal issue' in national politics.
iii. Third, the economic policy followed by the various government took a radically different turn.
iv. Fourth, a number of events culminated in the demolition of the disputed structure at Ayodhya (known as Babri
Masjid) in December 1992.

OR

Elections in 1989 led to the defeat of the Congress party but did not result in a majority for any other party. Though
Congress was the largest party in the Lok Sabha, it did not have a clear majority. Way back in the late sixties, the
dominance of the Congress party was challenged, but the Congress under the leadership of Indira Gandhi managed to re-
establish its predominant position in politics.
The nineties saw yet another challenge to the predominant position of the Congress. It did not, however, mean the
emergence of any other single party to fill in its place. Thus, began an era of a multi-party system.
To be sure, a large number of political parties always contested elections in our country. Our Parliament always had
representatives from several political parties. What happened after 1989 was the emergence of several parties in such a
way that one or two parties did not get most of the votes of seats.
Thus, the defeat of the Congress party marked the end of Congress dominance over the Indian party system.

30. The 1977 elections were evolved as a shock to everyone as Congress party was defeated for the very first time and
opposition party came into power. The following were the reasons for this development:

i. The opposition fought the election on the slogan ‘Save democracy’ against the imposition of emergency earlier.
ii. The Janata Party made this election into a referendum on the Emergency. Its campaign was focused on the non-
democratic character of the rule and on the various excesses that took place during an emergency.
iii. In the backdrop of arrests of thousands of persons and the censorship of the Press, the public opinion was against the
Congress. Jayaprakash Narayan became the popular symbol of restoration of democracy.
iv. The formation of the Janata Party also ensured that non-Congress votes would not be divided.
v. The middle castes form north India were beginning to move away from Congress and the Janata Party became a
platform for many of these sections to come together.

Hence, elections of 1977 were not merely about emergency only.

OR

The impact of the Emergency on the party system in India was as mentioned below:

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i. A large number of leaders and workers of the opposition parties were arrested. These arrested persons could not even
challenge their arrests through habeas corpus petitions.
ii. It is said that with the arrests of leaders, India ceased to be democratic during an emergency.
iii. The Emergency led to unity among the opposition parties. The opposition parties came together and formed the
Janata Party on the eve of 1977 elections.
iv. Some Congress leaders, who had opposed the emergency, too joined the Janata Party. A separate party-Congress for
Democracy was formed by Jagjivan Ram. It, later on, merged with the Janata Party.
v. In 1977 elections the Janata Party won but could not remain together. Congress once again won in 1980 elections.
Between these two elections, the Congress Party changed dramatically. It now identified itself with a particular
ideology, claiming to be the only socialist and pro-poor party. The opposition, on the other hand, began to rely more
and more on ‘Non-Congressism’ to avoid a division of non-Congress votes in the elections.
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