Elections aur Democracy

Haryana Assembly Election 1987

Haryana mein 1987 ke election se pehle Congress rule kar rahi thi. Opposition leader
Chaudhary Devi Lal ne Nyaya Yudh movement shuru kiya aur Lok Dal party banayi. Unhone
farmers aur small businessmen ke loans maaf karne ka wada kiya. Log current sarkar se naraaz
the, is wajah se Lok Dal ko 90 me se 76 seats mili, aur Congress sirf 5 jeet payi. Devi Lal CM
bane aur pehle hi din loan maaf kar diya. 4 saal baad, 1991 ke election mein Lok Dal haar
gaya aur Congress wapas aa gayi.

Election kyu zaroori hai?

Democracy mein log apne representative elect karte hain kyunki har koi khud rule nahi kar
sakta. Agar elections na ho to kaise pata chale ki log apne leader se khush hain ya nahi?
Elections democracy ka ek important part hain jo logon ko representative badalne ka
mauka dete hain.

Democratic Election ki Pehchaan

1.​ Sabko vote ka haq - Har vote ki equal value ho.

2.​ Asli competition ho - Alag-alag parties aur candidates freely election lad sakein.
3.​ Regular elections ho - Har kuch saal baad election hone chahiye.
4.​ Jise log pasand karein wahi jeete - Fair counting ho.
5.​ Free aur fair elections ho - Log apni marzi se vote de sakein.

Democracy sirf tabhi possible hai jab elections fair aur transparent ho!

Kya Political Competition Achi Hai?

Election ka matlab hi political competition hota hai. Ye parties aur candidates ke beech
mukabla hota hai. Agar competition na ho, to elections ka koi matlab nahi rahega.

Demerits of Political Competition

●​ Disunity aur fights – Log ‘party-politics’ se pareshaan hote hain.

●​ Allegations aur dirty tricks – Leaders ek dusre pe ilzaam lagate hain.
●​ Short-term thinking – Jeetne ke pressure me long-term policies ignore hoti hain.
●​ Achhe log politics me nahi aate – Unko ye unhealthy competition pasand nahi.

Phir Bhi Political Competition Zaroori Kyun Hai?

Hamara Constitution samajhta tha ki problems hain, lekin free competition best hai. Ideal
world me sab leaders sirf public service ke liye kaam karte, par real life me power ka bhi game
hai.

Political Competition Ka Benefit

●​ People ko power milti hai – Log achhe leaders ko jeetne aur bure ko harane ka chance
dete hain.
●​ Leaders ko kaam karna padta hai – Warna log unhe agle election me hata denge.
●​ Market jaisa system – Jaise dukandaar profit ke liye achha service deta hai, waise hi
leaders ko bhi logon ki seva karni padti hai taaki power me bane rahein.

Haan, competition me negativity hoti hai, par ye logon ke haq me kaam karne ke liye
leaders ko force karta hai!

​
Hamara Election System

India me regular elections hote hain taaki log apne representatives choose kar sakein.

1. Types of Elections

●​ General Election – Har 5 saal me Lok Sabha aur Vidhan Sabha ke liye hota hai.
●​ By-election – Agar kisi MP ya MLA ki death ya resignation ho jaye, to sirf us
constituency me election hota hai.

2. Electoral Constituencies

●​ Area-based system – Poora desh 543 Lok Sabha constituencies me divided hai.
●​ MP (Member of Parliament) – Har constituency se 1 MP elect hota hai.
●​ MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly) – Har state ki alag assembly constituencies
hoti hain, jisme se MLAs elect hote hain.
●​ Panchayat & Municipal Elections – Villages aur cities me wards hote hain, jisme local
representatives choose kiye jate hain.

3. Equal Vote Value

Har constituency me population ka balance maintain hota hai taaki har vote ki equal value
ho.

Conclusion

India ka election system democratic hai kyunki har aadmi ka vote equal hota hai, elections
free & fair hote hain aur log apne leaders ko khud elect karte hain!
Reserved Constituencies

1. Kya Hai Reserved Constituencies?

●​ Democracy me sabko equal opportunity milni chahiye, lekin kuch weaker sections
ke paas elections jeetne ke resources ya power nahi hote.
●​ SC (Scheduled Castes) & ST (Scheduled Tribes) ke liye kuch seats reserved hoti
hain, taaki unka bhi representation ho.
●​ SC ke liye 84 aur ST ke liye 47 Lok Sabha seats reserved hain (as of 2019).

2. Local Elections me Reservation

●​ Panchayats & Municipalities me OBC ke liye bhi reservation diya gaya hai (state ke
hisaab se vary karta hai).
●​ 1/3rd seats women ke liye reserved hoti hain, taaki unka bhi participation bade.

Voters’ List (Electoral Roll)

1. Kya Hai Voters' List?

●​ Voting rights tabhi milte hain jab ek list me naam ho, isse Electoral Roll (Voters'
List) kehte hain.
●​ Universal Adult Franchise ka matlab hai 18+ age wale sabko vote dene ka adhikar
hai, chahe wo kisi bhi caste, religion ya gender ke ho.

2. Voters' List Ko Kaise Maintain Kiya Jata Hai?

●​ Har 5 saal me list revise hoti hai, naye voters add hote hain aur jo move ho gaye ya
expire ho chuke, unka naam delete hota hai.
●​ Kuch criminals & unsound mind wale logon ko voting rights se exclude kiya ja
sakta hai, lekin ye rare cases hote hain.

3. EPIC (Election Photo Identity Card)

●​ Voter ID card banaya gaya taaki fraud na ho aur har insaan apna khud ka vote de.
●​ Voter ID zaroori nahi hai, agar kisi ke paas ration card, driving license ya koi aur valid
ID proof ho, to bhi vote de sakta hai.

​
Nomination of Candidates

1. Kaun Election Lad Sakta Hai?

●​ Har voter candidate ban sakta hai, bas minimum age 25 saal honi chahiye.
 ●​ Voting age 18 saal hoti hai, lekin election ladne ke liye 25 years ka hona zaroori hai.
●​ Kuch criminals par restrictions hoti hain, lekin sirf extreme cases me.

2. Party Nomination & Ticket

●​ Political parties apne candidates ko nominate karti hain aur unko party symbol aur
support milta hai.
●​ Is nomination ko 'party ticket' kehte hain.

3. Nomination Process

●​ Jo bhi election ladna chahta hai, usko ek ‘nomination form’ bharna hota hai.
●​ Security deposit dena padta hai (amount vary karta hai).

4. Supreme Court ki Nayi Requirement (Declaration System)

●​ Har candidate ko apni kuch details public karni hoti hain:

1.​ Agar koi serious criminal cases pending hain, to unki details.
2.​ Apne aur family ke assets & liabilities.
3.​ Educational qualifications.
●​ Ye information public hoti hai, taaki voters informed decision le sakein.

Election Campaign

1. Election Campaign Ka Maksad

●​ Log apne representative, government aur policies ko freely choose kar sakein.
●​ Free aur open discussion ho sake, taaki log informed decision le sakein.

2. Campaign Ka Duration

●​ Election campaign sirf 2 weeks tak chalta hai (final candidate list ke announcement
ke baad se polling tak).
●​ Is time me candidates voters se milte hain, political rallies hoti hain, news
channels debates karte hain, aur parties apne supporters ko mobilize karti hain.
●​ Lekin parties pehle se hi election ki tayari shuru kar deti hain.

3. Campaign Ke Popular Slogans

●​ 1971: Congress (Indira Gandhi) – Garibi Hatao (Remove Poverty)

●​ 1977: Janata Party (Jayaprakash Narayan) – Save Democracy
●​ 1977: Left Front (West Bengal) – Land to the Tiller
●​ 1983: Telugu Desam Party (N.T. Rama Rao) – Protect the Self-Respect of the Telugus

4. Election Campaign Ke Rules

 ●​ Parties ya candidates nahi kar sakte:​

1.​
Bribing ya voters ko dhamkana
2.​
Caste ya religion ke naam par vote maangna
3.​
Sarkari resources ka istemal election ke liye
4.​
Ek Lok Sabha constituency me ₹25 lakh aur Assembly election me ₹10 lakh
se zyada kharcha
●​ Agar koi in rules ko todta hai, to uska election court reject kar sakta hai.​

5. Model Code of Conduct

●​ Koi bhi political party ya candidate:

1.​ Religious places ka use election propaganda ke liye nahi kar sakta.
2.​ Government vehicles, aircrafts aur officials ka use election ke liye nahi kar
sakta.
3.​ Election announcement ke baad Ministers naye projects ka foundation nahi
rakh sakte, naye policies nahi bana sakte, ya public facilities ka wada nahi
kar sakte.

​
Polling and Counting of Votes

1. Polling Process (Election Day)

●​ Voters cast (poll) their votes on Election Day.

●​ Polling Booth: Har voter apne najdeeki polling booth (school ya government office) jata
hai.
●​ Identification: Election officials voter ki pehchaan karte hain, unki ungli par ink lagate
hain aur vote daalne ki permission dete hain.
●​ Candidate Agents: Har candidate ka ek agent polling booth me hota hai jo ensure karta
hai ki voting fair ho.

2. Voting Method

●​ Pehle ballot paper ka use hota tha, jisme voter stamp lagakar apni pasand ka
candidate choose karta tha.
●​ Ab Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) use hoti hain:
○​ Machine me candidates ke naam aur party symbols dikhai dete hain.
○​ Independent candidates ko bhi election commission ke dwara alag symbols diye
jate hain.
○​ Voter sirf ek button press karke vote daal sakta hai.

3. Counting Process
 ●​ Voting khatam hone ke baad, saari EVMs ko seal karke secure jagah par le jaya
jata hai.
●​ Fixed date par EVMs kholi jati hain aur har candidate ke votes count kiye jate hain.
●​ Candidates ke agents counting ke time wahan hote hain taaki counting fair ho.
●​ Jo candidate sabse zyada votes leta hai, use elected declare kar diya jata hai.

4. Election Results

●​ General elections me ek din me saari constituencies ki counting hoti hai.

●​ TV channels, radio aur newspapers is event ko cover karte hain.
●​ Counting ke kuch ghanton baad results declare ho jate hain aur pata chal jata hai
ki agla sarkar kaun banayega.

Bharat Mein Election Ko Democratic Kya Banata Hai?

India ke elections democratic hote hain kyunki yahan free, fair aur participatory voting system
hai. Kuch malpractices hone ke bawajood, log apne representatives ko effectively choose kar
pate hain.

1. Independent Election Commission (ECI)

●​ Election Commission of India (ECI) ek independent aur powerful body hai jo fair
elections ensure karti hai.
●​ Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) ko once appointed, government hata nahi sakti.
●​ EC elections ke har aspect ko control karta hai – voting se lekar result declare karne
tak.
●​ Model Code of Conduct implement karta hai, taaki government resources ka misuse na
ho.
●​ Agar kahin unfair election hota hai toh repoll order kar sakta hai.

2. Universal Adult Franchise (Sabko Vote Ka Adhikaar)

●​ 18+ age ke har citizen ko vote dene ka adhikaar hai, chahe caste, religion, gender ya
economic status kuch bhi ho.
●​ Isse equal participation ensure hoti hai.

3. High Voter Participation

●​ Western countries ke comparison mein, India mein gareeb aur underprivileged log
zyada vote karte hain.
●​ Voter turnout stable ya increase ho raha hai.
●​ Logon ko lagta hai ki unka vote matter karta hai, is wajah se political parties pe
pressure padta hai ki wo public-friendly policies banayein.

4. Free aur Fair Elections

 ●​ India ke elections zyadatar fair hote hain, chahe kuch malpractices jaise voter
intimidation aur money misuse hote hain.
●​ Fake voter list, rigging aur black money ka misuse rokne ke liye EC strict action leta
hai.
●​ Government election process ko influence nahi kar sakti kyunki strict regulations hote
hain.

5. Electoral Competition aur Voter Choice

●​ Multiple political parties contest karti hain, jisse logon ke paas real choice hoti hai.
●​ Independent candidates bhi elections lad sakte hain.
●​ Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) aane ke baad voting system aur transparent aur
tamper-proof ho gaya hai.

6. Public Interest aur Engagement

●​ Aaj kal log elections se connected activities jaise campaigns, rallies aur discussions
mein actively participate karte hain.
●​ Kaafi log political parties se connected feel karte hain, jo ek healthy democracy ka
sign hai.

Conclusion

Kuch challenges hone ke bawajood, India ka electoral system world ka ek sabse democratic
system hai, jo independent Election Commission, high voter participation aur fair
electoral process ki wajah se possible hua hai.

Election Outcome ka Acceptance & Free aur Fair Elections ki Challenges

Ek free aur fair election ka asli test yeh hai ki kya sabhi parties uske results accept karti hain.
India mein elections kaafi democratic hain kyunki ruling party aksar haarti hai, aur haare hue
candidates bhi ise logon ka faisla maan kar accept karte hain.

1. Kyun India ke Election Outcomes Fair Hain?

●​ Ruling parties aksar haar jaati hain, chahe state ho ya national level. Pichle 25 saalon
mein, 3 mein se 2 elections mein government change hui hai.
●​ US ke comparison mein, India mein aadhe se zyada sitting MPs/MLAs haar jaate
hain.
●​ Zyada paisa kharch karne wale ya criminal background wale candidates hamesha
nahi jeet te.
●​ Kuch chhoti-moti disputes ko chhod kar, zyadatar results log accept karte hain.

2. Free aur Fair Elections ki Challenges

Bhale hi elections democratic hain, lekin kuch problems abhi bhi hain:

●​ Money Power 🏦 : Bade parties aur ameer candidates chhoti parties aur

⚖️
independents ke mukable unfair advantage rakhte hain.
●​ Criminalization of Politics : Kuch candidates dhamki dekar ya major parties se

👨‍👩‍👧
ticket lekar elections jeetne ki koshish karte hain.
●​ Dynasty Politics : Politics me parivaarwaad chalta hai, jahaan ek hi family ke log

🤷
party tickets le lete hain.
●​ Limited Choice : Bade parties ki policies kaafi similar hoti hain, jisse voters ke

🏁
paas real choice nahi hoti.
●​ Chhoti Parties ka Disadvantage : Regional aur independent candidates ko
funding aur resources ki dikkat hoti hai.

3. Solutions & Electoral Reforms

Elections ko aur democratic banane ke liye kuch sudhar ho sakte hain:

●​ State funding of elections, taaki paisa elections ko control na kare.

●​ Strict laws jo criminal candidates ko elections se bahar rakhein.
●​ Inner-party democracy, taaki dynasty politics khatam ho.
●​ Campaign financing ka transparency, taaki black money ka use na ho.
●​ Chhoti parties aur independent candidates ko fair mauka diya jaye.

4. Citizens ka Role Democracy Ko Strong Banane Mein

●​ Informed Voting 🗳️: Voters ko candidates ke baare mein proper research karke vote

📢
dena chahiye.
●​ Awareness badhana : Media aur social activists ko unfair practices expose karni

📜
chahiye.
●​ Reforms ki Demand : Logon ko government par pressure daalna chahiye taaki
electoral system transparent ho.

Conclusion

Bhale hi Indian elections fundamentally democratic hain, lekin money power, criminalization
aur dynasty politics jaise challenges abhi bhi hain. Agar in challenges ko reforms aur active
citizen participation se door kiya jaye, toh elections aur fair aur representative ho sakte
hain.