The earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources found in

archeological inscriptions on Ashokan edicts[1][2] written in Pali language and

using brahmi script. They are also known from the literary sources like Sanskrit
literature, Jain literature and Buddhist literature in context of literary sources.
Archaeological sources include archeological remains in Indian subcontinent which
give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with
each other.

Early types of historic documentation include metal coins with an indication of the
ruler, or at least the dynasty, at the time. These Punch-marked coins were issued
around 600s BCE and are found in abundance from the Maurya Empire in 300s BCE.
There are also stone inscriptions and documentary records from foreign cultures
from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of North India
are fairly clear from this point on, but many local rulers, and the situation in
the Deccan and South India has less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries.
Main sources of South Indian history is Sangam Literature dated from 300s BCE. Time
period of ancient Indian rulers is speculative, or at least uncertain.

Vedic India (c. 2000s – 200s BCE)

See also: Outline of ancient India, Iron Age in India, Vedic Period, Janapada, and
Mahajanapada
Kingdom of Magadha
List of monarchs of Magadha

Kingdom of Kashmir
List of monarchs of Kashmir

Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500 – 518 BCE)

Kings of Gandhara

Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200 – 345 BCE)

List of Kuru kings

Kingdom of Avanti (c. 1100 – 400 BCE)

Haiheyas

Sahasrajit
Satajit
Mahahaya, Renuhaya and Haihaya (the founder of Haihaya Kingdom). (Contemporary to
Suryavanshi king Mandhatri)
Dharma was the son of Haihaya.
Netra
Kunti
Sohanji
Mahishman was the founder of Mahishmati on the banks of River Narmada.
Bhadrasenaka (Bhadrasena) (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Trishanku)
Durmada (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Harischandra)
Durdama
Bhima
Samhata
Kanaka
Dhanaka
Krtavirya, Krtagni, Krtavarma and Krtauja. (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king
Rohitashva)
Sahasrabahu Kartavirya Arjuna was the son of Krtavirya who ruled 88 years and was
finally killed by Lord Parashurama.
Jayadhwaja, Vrshabha, Madhu and Urujit were left by Parshurama and 995 others were
killed by Lord Parashurama. Pajanya was adopted by Kroshta king Devamidha
Talajangha (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Asita)
Vithihotra (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Sagara)
Madhu
Vrshni
Pradyota dynasty

Videha (c. 1100 – 700 BCE)

Kings of Videha

Kalinga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 261 BCE)

Kings of Kalinga

Kosala Kingdom (c. 1100 – 345 BCE)

Kings of Kosala:[3]

Brihadbala
Brihatkshaya
Urukriya
Vatsavyuha
Prativyoma
Bhaanu
Divakara
Veer Sahadeva
Brihadashva
Bhanuratha
Pratitashva
Supratika
Marudeva
Sunakshatra
Pushkara
Antariksha
Suvarna
Bruhadaraaj
Kritanjaya
Ranajjaya
Sanjaya Mahakoshala or Jayasena
Prasenajit
Virudhaka
Sumitra
Panchala Kingdom (c. 1100 BCE – 350 CE)
Kings of Panchala:

Rishin
Brihadbhanu, (son of Brihadvasu)
Brihatkaya
Puranjaya
Riksha
Bramhyaswa
Aramyaswa
Mudgala, Yavinara, Pratiswan, Maharaja Kampilya - (founder of Kampilya capital of
Panchala Kingdom)
Sranjaya, (son of Aramyaswa)
Dritimana
Drdhanemi
Sarvasena, (founder of Ujjain Kingdom)
Mitra
Rukmaratha
Suparswa
Sumathi
Sannatimana
Krta
Pijavana
Somadutta
Jantuvahana
Badhrayaswa
Brihadhishu
Brihadhanu
Brihadkarma
Jayaratha
Visvajit
Seinyajit
Nepavirya, (after this King's name the country was named Nepaldesh)
Samara
Sadashva
Ruchiraswa
Pruthusena
Prapti
Prthaswa
Sukrthi
Vibhiraja
Anuha
Bramhadatta II
Vishwaksena
Dandasena
Durmukha
Durbuddhi
Dharbhya
Divodasa
Sivana I
Mitrayu
Maitrayana
Soma
Sivana II
Sadasana
Sahadeva
Somaka, (Somaka's eldest son was Sugandakrthu and youngest was Prishata. But in a
war all sons died and Prishata Survived and became the king of Panchala)
Prishati, (son of Somaka)
Drupada, (son of Prishata)
Dhrishtadyumna, (was the son of Drupada, Draupadi and Shikhandi were the daughters
of Drupada)
Keśin Dālbhya
Pravahana Jaivali
Achyuta, (last known ruler of Panchala Kingdom which was defeated in c. 350 CE by
Gupta ruler Samudragupta.)
Anga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE)
Kings of Anga:

Maharaj Anga - (founder of the kingdom and son of King Bali)

Romapada
Brihadratha
Angaraj Karna
Vrishaketu - (son of Karna)
Tamralipta
Lomapada
Chitraratha
Vrihadratha
Vasuhoma
Dhatarattha
Dhadivahana
Brahmadatta - (last king of Anga kingdom)
Kamboja Kingdom (c. 700 – 200 BCE)
Kings of Kamboja:

Kamatha
Chandravarma Kamboja
Kamatha Kamboja
Prapaksha Kamboja
Sudakshina Kamboja
Srindra Varmana Kamboj
Shakya Republic (c. 7th to 5th century BCE)
Rulers of Shakya:

Shakya
Sihahanu
Śuddhodana
Siddhartha Shakya (aka Gautama Buddha)
Rāhula
Later Shakya Republic was conquered by Virudhaka of Kosala.

Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543 – 437 BCE)

Portrait Name Birth Death Ruler From (in BCE) Ruler Until (in BCE)
Marriages Claim
Vijaya Vijaya ?
Sinhapura
son of Sinhabahu, and Sinhasivali 505
Tambapanni 543 505 Kuveni
two children Pandu Princes Founded Kingdom
Marriage to Kuveni
Upatissa
(regent) - - 505 504 Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
Panduvasdeva - - 504 474 Nephew of Vijaya
Abhaya - - 474 454 Son of Panduvasdeva
Tissa
(regent) - - 454 437 Younger brother of Abhaya
Ancient and early medieval Southern Indian dynasties
See also: History of Southern India and Tamilakam
Pandya dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1650 CE)
Main article: Pandya dynasty
Early Pandyans
Main article: Early Pandyan kingdom
Koon Pandiyan - (Earliest Known Pandyan king)
Nedunj Cheliyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan), he was mentioned in
legend of Kannagi
Pudappandiyan
Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
Nedunj Cheliyan II (Pasumpun Pandiyan)
Nan Maran
Nedunj Cheliyan III (Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)
Maran Valudi
Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
Ukkirap Peruvaluthi
Middle Pandyans (c. 590–920 CE)
Kadungon (590–620 CE)
Maravarman Avani Culamani (c. 620–645 CE)
Jayantavarman (c. 645–670 CE)
Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (c. 670–710 CE)
Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (710–735 CE)
Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I (735–765)
Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
Rasasingan II (790–800)
Varagunan I (800–830)
Srimara Srivallabha (815–862)
Varagunavarman II (862–880)
Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920)
Pandyans under Chola Empire (c. 920–1216 CE)
Sundara Pandyan I
Vira Pandyan I
Vira Pandyan II
Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
Jatavarman Chola Pandya
Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)
Kulasekara Pandyan III
Vira Pandyan III
Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)
Pandalam dynasty (Later Pandyans) (c. 1212–1345 CE)
Main article: Pandalam dynasty
Parakrama Pandyan II (1212–1215)
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216–1238)
Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II (1238–1240)
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238–1251)
Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268)
Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308)
Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)
Tenkasi Pandya dynasty (c. 1422–1650 CE)
Main article: Tenkasi Pandyas
During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai
because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital
to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.

Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan (1422–1463)

Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473)
Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473–1506)
Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499)
Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543)
Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552)
Nelveli Maran (1552–1564)
Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604)
Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612)
Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618)
Kollankondan (1618–1650)[citation needed]
Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1530 CE)
Ancient Chera kings

Kongu Cheras (c. 400–844 CE)

Makotai Cheras

Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) (c. 1090–1530 CE):

Rama Kulasekhara (1090–1102)
Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125)
Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145)
Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150)
Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150)
Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)
Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173)
Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192)
Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)
Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
Ravi Varma (1252–1313)
Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333)
Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382)
Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416)
Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417)
Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)
Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)
Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)
Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468)
Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484
Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484–1503)
Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)
Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1279 CE)
Ancient Chola kings (c. 600 BCE – 300 CE)
Eri Oliyan Vaendhi
Maandhuvaazhi
El Mei Nannan
Keezhai Kinjuvan
Vazhisai Nannan
Mei Kiyagusi Aerru
Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru
Thizhagan Maandhi
Maandhi Vaelan
Aai Adumban
Ilamcetcenni
Karikala Chola
Nedunkilli
Nalankilli
Killivalavan
Perunarkilli
Kocengannan
Nalluruththiran
Chola emperors (848 – 1279 AD)
Velir dynasties (c. 300 BCE–1200 CE)
Main article: Velirs
Major dynasties of Velir are-

Vēl Pāri
Ilanji Vel
Irunkōvēl
Athiyamān
Malayamān
Malaiyamān Thirumudi Kāri
Athiyamān Nedumān Añci
Vaiyāvik Kōpperum Pēkan
Ay dynasty (Velir) (c. 300 BCE–800 CE)
Main article: Ay dynasty
Early Ay Kings
Ay Andiran
Ay Titiyan
Ay Atiyan
Medieval Ay Kings
Chadayan Karunanthan
Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha (r. 856–884 CE)
Vikramaditya Varaguna (r. 884–911 CE)
Pallava dynasty (c. 275 – 897 CE)
Main article: Pallava dynasty § Chronology
Kadamba dynasties (c. 345–1310 CE)
Principality of Banavasi (c. 345–540 CE)
Main article: Kadamba dynasty
Banavasi branch rulers-

Mayurasharma (345–365)
Kangavarma (365–390)
Bhageerath (390–415)
Raghu (415–435)
Kakusthavarma (435–455)
Santivarma (455–460)
Shiva Mandhatri (460–475)
Mrigeshavarma (475–485)
Ravivarma (485–519)
Harivarma (519–530)
Triparvatha branch rulers-

Krishna Varma I (455–475)

Vishnuvarma (475–485)
Simhavarma (485–516)
Krishna Varma II (516–540)
Principality of Goa (c. 960–1345 CE)
Main article: Kadambas of Goa
Shashthadeva I alis Kantakacharya (c. 960 CE), founder of dynasty
Nagavarma
Guhalladeva I
Shashathadeva II
Guhalladeva II (1038–1042)
Veeravarmadeva ( 1042–1054)
Jayakeshi I (1054–1080)
Guhalladeva II alias Tribhuvanamalla (1080–1125)
Vijayaditya I alias Vijayarka, (ruling prince up to 1104)
Jayakeshi II (1125–1148)
Shivachitta alis Paramadideva ( 1148–1179)
Vishnuchitta alias Vijayaditya II (1179–1187)
Jayakeshi III (1188–1216)
Vajradeva alis Shivachitta (regin?)
Sovideva alis Tribhuvanamalla (1216–1246?)
Shashthadeva III (?1246–1265)
Kamadeva (1265–1310), last known ruler of dynasty
Principality of Hangal (c. 980–1275 CE)
Main article: Kadambas of Hangal
known rulers are-
Chattadeva (980–1031), founder of dynasty
Kamadeva
Somadeva
Mayuravarma
Other minor Kadamba principalities
Kadambas of Halasi
Kadambas of Bankapur
Kadambas of Bayalnad
Kadambas of Nagarkhanda
Kadambas of Uchchangi
Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu)
Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)
List of rulers of Banavasi

Vishnukundina dynasty of Denduluru (c. 420–624 CE)

List of rulers of Denduluru

Chalukya dynasty (c. 500–1200 CE)

Main articles: Chalukya dynasty, Eastern Chalukyas, Chalukyas of Vemulavada, and
Western Chalukya Empire
Ruler Reign Capital
Jayasimha I 500–520 Badami
Ranaraga 520–540 Badami
Pulakeshin I 540–567 Badami
Kirtivarman I 567–592 Badami
Mangalesha 592–610 Badami
Pulakeshin II 610–642 Badami
Kubja Vishnuvardhana I 615/24–641 Vengi (Eastern)
Jayasimha I (II) 641–673 Vengi (Eastern)|
Adityavarman 642–645 Badami
Abhinavaditya 645–646 Badami
Chandraditya 646–649 Badami
Regency of Vijaya-Bhattarika (649–655) Regent for her minor son. She was deposed
by her brother-in-law.
A son of Chandraditya 649–655 Badami
Satyashraya c.650-675 Vemulavada
Vikramaditya I 655–680 Badami
Indra Bhattaraka 673 Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnuvardhana II 673–682 Vengi (Eastern)
Prithvipathi c.675-700 Vemulavada
Vinayaditya 680–696 Badami
Mangi Yuvaraja 682–706 Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya I 696–733 Badami
Maharaja c.700-725 Vemulavada
Jayasimha III 706–718 Vengi (Eastern)
Kokkli 718–719 Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnuvardhana III 719–755 Vengi (Eastern)
Rajaditya c.725-750 Vemulavada
Vikramaditya II 733–746 Badami
Kirtivarman II Rahappa 746- 757 Badami
Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla I c.750-775 Vemulavada
Vijayaditya I (II) 755–772 Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnuvardhana IV 755–808 Vengi (Eastern)
Arikesari I c.775-800 Vemulavada
Narasimha I c.800-825 Vemulavada
Vijayaditya II (III) 808–847 Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla II c.825-850 Vemulavada
Kali Vishnuvardhana V 847–849 Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya III (IV) 849–892 Vengi (Eastern) Brothers, ruled together.
Vikramaditya I (III) Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla I Vengi (Eastern)
Baddega I Soladaganda c.850-895 Vemulavada
Bhima I 892–921 Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla III c.895-915 Vemulavada
Narasimha II c.915-930 Vemulavada
Vijayaditya IV (V) 921 Vengi (Eastern)
Amma I 921–927 Vengi (Eastern) Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
Vishnuvardhana VI Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya V (VI) 927 Vengi (Eastern)
Tadapa 927 Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya II (IV) 927–928 Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima II 928–929 Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla II 929–935 Vengi (Eastern)
Arikesari II c.930-941 Vemulavada
Bhima III 935–947 Vengi (Eastern)
Baddega II 941-946 Vemulavada Ruled jointly.
Vagaraja 941-950 Vemulavada
Arikesari III 946/950-968 Vemulavada
Annexed to the Western Chalukya Empire
Amma II 947–970 Vengi (Eastern)
Danarnava 970–973 Vengi (Eastern)
Tailapa II Ahvamalla 973–997 Kalyani (Western)
Jata Choda Bhima 973–999 Vengi (Eastern)
Satyashraya 997–1008 Kalyani (Western)
Shaktivarman I 999–1011 Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya V 1008–1015 Kalyani (Western)
Vimaladitya 1011–1018 Vengi (Eastern)
Jayasimha II (III) 1015–1043 Kalyani (Western)
Rajaraja Narendra 1018–1061 Vengi (Eastern)
Rajaraja had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew
significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the Western Chalukyas. His
own son managed to succeed in the Chola Empire, in 1070, as Kulottunga I, beginning
the Later Cholas period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the
Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola, which inherited Narendra's kingdom. It's possible,
then, that the following rulers were governors for the Chola Emperor ruling Eastern
Chalukya territory:
Shaktivarman II (1061-1062);
Vijayaditya VII (1062-1075), also son of Vimaladitya, but half-brother of Rajaraja
Narendra. Ascended with support from Western Chalukyas.
Rajaraja (1075-1079)
Vishuvardhana VII (1079-1102), last known Chalukya ruler of Vengi.
Annexed to the Chola Empire (1061-1118); Annexed to the Western Chalukya Empire
(since 1118)
Someshvara I Trilokyamalla 1042–1068 Kalyani (Western)
Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla 1068–1076 Kalyani (Western)
Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla 1076–1126 Kalyani (Western)
Someshvara III 1126–1138 Kalyani (Western)
Jagadhekamalla II 1138–1151 Kalyani (Western)
Tailapa III 1151–1164 Kalyani (Western)
Jagadhekamalla III 1164–1183 Kalyani (Western)
Someshvara IV 1183–1200 Kalyani (Western)
Annexed to the Seuna, Hoysala and the Kakatiya dynasties
Middle Kingdoms (c. 250s BCE – 550s CE)
Main article: Middle kingdoms of India
Satavahana dynasty (c. 228 BCE – 224 CE)
See also: Satavahana dynasty
List of Satavahana emperors
Mahameghavahana dynasty of Kalinga (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)
Main article: Mahameghavahana dynasty
Maharaja Vasu
Maharaja Mahamegha Vahana
Sobhanaraja
Chandraja
Ksemaraja
Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja
Kharavela (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)[4][5]
Kudepasiri Vakradeva ll
Vaduka
Galaveya
Mana-Sada
Siri-Sada
Maha-Sada
Sivamaka-Sada
Asaka-Sada
Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200s BCE –1950 CE)
List of Manipuri kings

Kuninda Kingdom (c. 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE)

The only known ruler of Kuninda Kingdom is:

Amoghabhuti (late 2nd to early 1st century BCE)

Indo-Greek Kingdom (Yavanarajya) (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE)
List of Indo-Greek Kings

Indo-Scythian (Saka) ( c. 12 BCE – 395 CE)

List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers

Kushan dynasty (c. 1 – 375 CE)

List of Kushan emperors

Indo-Parthian (Pahalava) (c. 21 – 100 CE)

List of Indo-Parthian kings

Indo-Sasanian Kingdom (c. 233 – 365 CE)

List of Indo-Sasanian kings

Alchon Huns (Huna) (c. 400 – 670 CE)

List of Alchon Hun Kings

Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)

Kings of Banavasi

Khokhra (Nagvanshi) chieftaincy (c. 64–1952 CE)

List of Nagvanshi chiefs

Naga Kingdom of Padmavati (c. 170–350 CE)

Kings of Padmavati

Chandra dynasty of Samatata (c. 202–1050 CE)

Rulers of Samatata

Kingdom of Abhira (c. 203–370 CE)

Main article: Abhira dynasty
Abhira Sivadatta
Sakasena alias Saka Satakrni
Abhira Ishwarsena alias Mahaksatrapa Isvaradatta
Abhira Vashishthiputra Vasusena
Principality of Khoh (c. 221–1028 CE)
Prince of Khoh

Second Magadha Empire (c. 240 – 750 CE)

Main articles: Gupta Empire and Later Gupta dynasty
List of Gupta emperors Later Gupta rulers

Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE)

Vakataka family tree

Aulikara Kingdom of Malwa (c. 300 – 550 CE)

List of monarchs of Malwa (Aulikara dynasty)

Kingdom of Kamarupa (c. 350–650 CE)

Kings of Kamarupa

Western Ganga of Talakad (c. 350–1424 CE)

Rulers of Talakad

Kingdom of Kalinga (Eastern Gangas)

Kings of Kalinga (Eastern Gangas)

Other minor Ganga states

Principality of Gudari Kataka
Main article: Gudari, Rayagada
According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, Bhanu
Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern
Odisha at Gudari in modern Rayagada district after he was toppled from power by his
general Kapilendra Deva.[6]

Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)

Svarna Bhanu
Kalasandha Deva
Chudanga Deva
Harimani Deva
Narasimha Deva
Ananta Deva
Padmanabha Deva
Pitambara Deva
Vasudeva
Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)
Principality of Chikiti (c. 881–1950 CE)
Prince of Chikiti

Parlakhemundi Estate#Rulers (c. 1309–1950)

Zamindars of Parlakhemundi

Traikutaka dynasty of Aparanta (c. 370–520 CE)

Rulers of Aparanta

Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE)

Kings of Vallabhi

Rai Kingdom of Sindh (c. 489–632 CE)

Kings of Sindh (Rai)

Kabul Shahi Kingdom (c. 500–1026 CE)

In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties):

Turk Shahi (c. 500–850 CE)

Hindu Shahi (c. 850–1026 CE)
Pushyabhuti/Vardhan dynasty (c. 500 – 647 CE)
List of Vardhan kings

Jaintia Kingdom (c. 525–1835 CE)

Rulers of Jantia

Early Medieval Period (c. 550s CE – c. 1200s CE)

Kalachuri dynasties (c. 550 – 1225 CE)
Kingdom of Malwa (Early Kalachuris) (c. 550 – 625 CE)
Kings of Malwa (Kalachuri)

Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri/Chedi (Later Kalachuris) (c. 675 – 1212 CE)

Main article: Kalachuris of Tripuri
Rulers-
Vamaraja-deva (675–700 CE), founder of dynasty
Shankaragana I (750–775 CE)
Lakshmana-raja I (825–850 CE)
Kokalla I (850–890 CE); his younger son established the Ratnapura Kalachuri branch
Shankaragana II (890–910 CE), alias Mugdhatunga
Balaharsha (910–915 CE)
Yuvaraja-deva I (915–945 CE)
Lakshmana-raja II (945–970 CE)
Shankaragana III (970–980 CE)
Yuvaraja-deva II (980–990 CE)
Kokalla II (990–1015 CE)
Gangeya-deva (1015–1041 CE)
Lakshmi-karna (1041–1073 CE), alias Karna
Yashah-karna (1073–1123 CE)
Gaya-karna (1123–1153 CE)
Nara-simha (1153–1163 CE)
Jaya-simha (1163–1188 CE)
Vijaya-simha (1188–1210 CE)
Trailokya-malla (c. 1210– at least 1212 CE), last ruler[7]
Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura (c. 1000 – 1225 CE)
Main article: Kalachuris of Ratnapura
The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of
their reigns:[8]

Kalinga-raja (1000–1020 CE), founder of dynasty

Kamala-raja (1020–1045 CE)
Ratna-raja (1045–1065 CE), alias Ratna-deva I
Prithvi-deva I (1065–1090 CE), alias Prithvisha
Jajalla-deva I (1090–1120 CE) (declared independence)
Ratna-Deva II (1120–1135 CE)
Prithvi-deva II (1135–1165 CE)
Jajalla-deva II (1165–1168 CE)
Jagad-deva (1168–1178 CE)
Ratna-deva III (1178–1200 CE)
Pratapa-malla (1200–1225 CE)
Parmardi Dev (governor of Eastern Gangas)
Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani (Southern Kalachuris) (c. 1130 – 1184 CE)
Main article: Kalachuris of Kalyani
Rulers-
Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162 CE
Sovideva (1168–1176)
Mallugi, overthrown by his brother Sankama
Sankama (1176–1180)
Ahavamalla (1180–83)
Singhana (1183–84), last ruler
Patola/Gilgit Shahi dynasty (c. 550 – 750 CE)
Main article: Patola Shahis
Regin of known rulers is disputed-[9][10]
Somana (Mid 6th century CE)
Vajraditayanandin (585–605 CE)
Vikramadityanandin (605–625 CE)
Surendravikramadityanandin (625–644 or 654 CE)
Navasurendrāditya-nandin (644 or 654–685 CE)
Jayamaṅgalavikramāditya-nandin (685–710 CE)
Nandivikramadityanandin (710–715 CE)
Su-fu-che-li-chi-li-ni (name by foreign sources) (715–720 CE)
Surendradityanandin (720–740 or 750 CE), last known ruler
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (c. 550 – 1036 CE)
Main article: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (Mandor) (c. 550 – 860 CE)
Main article: Pratiharas of Mandavyapura
R. C. Majumdar, on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each
generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's
rulers (IAST names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of
25 years.

Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE), founder of dynasty

Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE)
Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE)
Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE)
Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE)
Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE)
Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE)
Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE)
Jhota (r. c. 750 CE)
Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE)
Kakka (r. c. 800 CE)
Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE)
Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE), last ruler
Imperial Pratiharas of Kannauj (c. 730 – 1036 CE)
Main article: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
List of rulers–
List of Imperial Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty rulers
Serial No. Ruler Reign (CE)
1 Nagabhata I 730–760
2 Kakustha and Devaraja 760–780
3 Vatsaraja 780–800
4 Nagabhata II 800–833
5 Ramabhadra 833–836
6 Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I 836–885
7 Mahendrapala I 885–910
8 Bhoja II 910–913
9 Mahipala I 913–944
10 Mahendrapala II 944–948
11 Devapala 948–954
12 Vinayakapala 954–955
13 Mahipala II 955–956
14 Vijayapala II 956–960
15 Rajapala 960–1018
16 Trilochanapala 1018–1027
17 Yasahpala 1024–1036
Other Pratihara Branches
Baddoch Branch (c. 600 – 700 CE)
Known Baddoch rulers are-

Dhaddha 1 (600–627)
Dhaddha 2 (627–655)
Jaibhatta (655–700)
Rajogarh Branch
Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh

Parmeshver Manthandev, (885–915)

No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev
Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasties (c. 551 – 1315 CE)
The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included–
Chahamanas of Shakambhari (Chauhans of Ajmer) (c. 551 – 1194 CE)
Chahamanas of Naddula (Chauhans of Nadol) (c. 950 – 1197 CE)
Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE), branched off from the Chahamanas of
Naddula
Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE), branched off from the Chahamanas
of Shakambhari
Chahamanas of Chandravati and Abu (Kingdom of Sirohi) (c. 1311 – 1949 CE)
Chahamanas of Lata
Chahamanas of Dholpur
Chahamanas of Partabgarh
Hada Chauhan kingdoms of Hadoti region are–
Kingdom of Bundi (c. 1342 – 1949 CE)
Kingdom of Kota (c. 1579 – 1948 CE)
Kingdom of Jhalawar (c. 1838 – 1949 CE), branched off from the Kingdom of Kota in
1838 CE.
Chahamanas of Sambhar Ajmer and Delhi (c. 551 – 1194 CE)
Main article: Chahamanas of Shakambhari
Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari, Ajmer and Delhi with
approximate period of reign, as estimated historian by R. B. Singh:[11]

Serial no. Regnal names Reign (CE)

1 Chahamana (mythical)
2 Vasu-deva c. 551 CE (disputed)
3 Samanta-raja 684–709
4 Nara-deva 709–721
5 Ajaya-raja I 721–734
6 Vigraha-raja I 734–759
7 Chandra-raja I 759–771
8 Gopendra-raja 771–784
9 Durlabha-raja I 784–809
10 Govinda-raja I alias Guvaka I 809–836
11 Chandra-raja II 836–863
12 Govindaraja II alias Guvaka II 863–890
13 Chandana-raja 890–917
14 Vakpati-raja 917–944
15 Simha-raja 944–971
16 Vigraha-raja II 971–998
17 Durlabha-raja II 998–1012
18 Govinda-raja III 1012–1026
19 Vakpati-raja II 1026–1040
20 Viryarama 1040 (few months)
21 Chamunda-raja 1040–1065
22 Durlabha-raja III alias Duśala 1065–1070
23 Vigraha-raja III alias Visala 1070–1090
24 Prithvi-raja I 1090–1110
25 Ajaya-raja II 1110–1135
26 Arno-raja alias Ana 1135–1150
27 Jagad-deva 1150
28 Vigraha-raja IV alias Visaladeva 1150–1164
29 Apara-gangeya 1164–1165
30 Prithvi-raja II 1165–1169
31 Someshvara 1169–1178
32 Prithviraja III Rai Pithora 1177–1192
33 Govinda-raja IV 1192–1193
34 Hari-raja 1193–1194
Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950 – 1197 CE)
Main article: Chahamanas of Naddula
Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of
reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:

List of Chauhan rulers of Naddula

Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Lakshmana 950–982
2 Shobhita 982–986
3 Baliraja 986–990
4 Vigrahapala 990–994
5 Mahindra 994–1015
6 Ashvapala 1015–1019
7 Ahila 1019–1024
8 Anahilla 1024–1055
9 Balaprasada 1055–1070
10 Jendraraja 1070–1080
11 Prithvipala 1080–1090
12 Jojalladeva 1090–1110
13 Asharaja 1110–1119
14 Ratnapala 1119–1132
15 Rayapala 1132–1145
16 Katukaraja 1145–1148
17 Alhanadeva 1148–1163
18 Kelhanadeva 1163–1193
19 Jayatasimha 1193–1197
Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE)
Main article: Chahamanas of Jalor
The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign,
are as follows:[12]

Virama-deva (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during the Siege of
Jalore, but died 21⁄2 days later.[13][14]

List of Chauhan rulers of Jalor

Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Kirti-pala 1160–1182
2 Samara-simha 1182–1204
3 Udaya-simha 1204–1257
4 Chachiga-deva 1257–1282
5 Samanta-simha 1282–1305
6 Kanhada-deva 1292–1311
7 Virama-deva 1311
Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE)
Main article: Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura
List of Chauhan rulers of Ranastambhapura
Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Govinda-raja 1192
2 Balhana-deva
3 Prahlada-deva
4 Viranarayana
5 Vagabhata
6 Jaitra-simha
7 Shakti-deva
8 Hammira-deva 1283–1311
Kingdom of Mewar (c. 566 – 1947 CE)
Main article: Kingdom of Mewar
In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in
present-day Rajasthan:

Guhilas of Nagda-Ahar– most important branch and future ruling dynasty of Mewar.
Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern Kalyanpur)
Guhilas of Dhavagarta (modern Dhor)
Guhila dynasty (c. 566 – 1303 CE)
Main articles: Guhila dynasty and Gahlot
List of Guhila dynasty rulers
Nu. King (Rawal) Reign (CE)
1 Rawal Guhil 566–586
2 Rawal Bhoj 586–606
3 Rawal Mahendra I 606–626
4 Rawal Naga (Nagaditya) 626–646
5 Rawal Shiladitya 646–661
6 Rawal Aprajeet 661–688
7 Rawal Mahendra II 688–716
8 Bappa Rawal 728–753
9 Rawal Khuman I 753–773
10 Rawal Mattat 773–793
11 Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I 793–813
12 Rawal Sinh 813–828
13 Rawal Khuman II 828–853
14 Rawal Mahayak 853–878
15 Rawal Khuman III 878–926
16 Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II 926–951
17 Rawal Allat 951–971
18 Rawal Narwahan 971–973
19 Rawal Saliwahan 973–977
20 Rawal Shakti Kumar 977–993
21 Rawal Amba Prasad 993–1007
22 Rawal Shuchivarma 1007–1021
23 Rawal Narvarma 1021–1035
24 Rawal Keertivarma 1035–1051
25 Rawal Yograj 1051–1068
26 Rawal Vairath 1068–1088
27 Rawal Hanspal 1088–1103
28 Rawal Vair Singh 1103–1107
29 Rawal Vijai Singh 1107–1116
30 Rawal Ari Singh I 1116–1138
31 Rawal Chaudh Singh 1138–1148
32 Rawal Vikram Singh 1148–1158
33 Rawal Ran Singh 1158–1168
Post-split Rawal branch rulers
34 Rawal Khshem Singh 1168–1172
35 Rawal Samant Singh 1172–1179
36 Rawal Kumar Singh 1179–1191
37 Rawal Mathan Singh 1191–1211
38 Rawal Padam Singh 1211–1213
39 Rawal Jaitra Singh 1213–1252
40 Rawal Tej Singh 1252–1273
41 Rawal Samar Singh 1273–1302
42 Rawal Ratan Singh 1302–1303
Branching of Guhil dynasty
During reign of Rawal Ran Singh (1158–1168), the Guhil dynasty got divided into two
branches.

First (Rawal Branch)

Rawal Khshem Singh (1168–1172), son of Ran Singh, ruled over Mewar by building
Rawal Branch.

Second (Rana Branch)

Rahapa, the second son of Ran Singh started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda
bases. Later Hammir Singh of Sisoda base started main Sisodia or Mewar dynasty in
1326 CE.

Rana branch rulers (c. 1168 – 1326 CE)

"Rahapa", a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to
the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:

List of Rana branch rulers

Nu. King (Rana) Reign (CE)
1 Rahapa/Karna 1168 CE
2 Narapati
3 Dinakara
4 Jasakarna
5 Nagapala
6 Karnapala
7 Bhuvanasimha
8 Bhimasimha
9 Jayasimha
10 Lakhanasimha
11 Arisimha
12 Hammir Singh 1326 CE
Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326 – 1947 CE)
Main articles: Sisodia dynasty and List of ranas of Mewar
Picture King (Maharana) Reign
Hammir Singh 1326–1364
Kshetra Singh 1364–1382
Lakha Singh 1382–1421
Mokal Singh 1421–1433
Rana Kumbha 1433–1468
Udai Singh I 1468–1473
Rana Raimal 1473–1508
Rana Sanga 1508–1527
Ratan Singh II 1528–1531
Vikramaditya Singh 1531–1536
Vanvir Singh 1536–1540
Udai Singh II 1540–1572
Maharana Pratap 1572–1597
Amar Singh I 1597–1620
Karan Singh II 1620–1628
Jagat Singh I 1628–1652
Raj Singh I 1652–1680
Jai Singh 1680–1698
Amar Singh II 1698–1710
Sangram Singh II 1710–173
Jagat Singh II 1734–1751
Pratap Singh II 1751–1754
 Raj Singh II 1754–1762
Ari Singh II 1762–1772
Hamir Singh II 1772–1778
Bhim Singh 1778–1828
Jawan Singh 1828–1838
Sardar Singh 1838–1842
Swarup Singh 1842–1861
Shambhu Singh 1861–1874
Sajjan Singh 1874–1884
Fateh Singh 1884–1930
Bhupal Singh 1930–1948

1948-1955
(titular)
Titular Maharanas
Bhagwat Singh 1955–1984
Mahendra Singh 1984–2024
Vishvaraj Singh 2024–present
Gauda Kingdom (c. 590 – 626 CE)
Main article: Gauda Kingdom
Shashanka (590–625 CE), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the
first unified political entity in Bengal
Manava (625–626 CE), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardhana
and Bhaskarvarman
Karkota dynasty of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)
Main articles: Karkota dynasty and Kashmir
Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)
Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)
Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)
Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)
Lalitaditya Muktapida (724–760), (built the famous Martand Sun Temple in Kashmir)
Kuvalayaditya (760–761)
Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)
Prithivyapida I (768–772)
Sangramapida (772–779)
Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)
Lalitapida (813–825)
Sangramapida II (825–832)
Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)
Other puppet rulers under Utpala dynasty are
Ajitapida
Anangapida
Utpalapida
Sukhavarma
Chacha dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)
Main article: Brahman dynasty of Sindh
The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:[15]

Chach (632–671 CE)

Chandar (671–679 CE)
Dahir (679–712 CE)
Under the Umayyad Caliphate
Dahirsiya (679–709 CE) from Brahmanabad
Hullishāh (712–724 CE)
Shishah (until 724 CE)
Mlechchha dynasty of Kamarupa (650–900 CE)
Main articles: Mlechchha dynasty and Kamarupa
Salastamba (650–670), founder of dynasty
Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
Palaka
Kumara
Vajradeva
Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745)
Balavarman II
Jivaraja
Digleswaravarman
Salambha[16]
Harjjaravarman (815–832)
Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855)
Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860)
Balavarman III (860–880)
Tyagasimha (890–900), last ruler of dynasty
Garhwal Kingdom (c. 688–1949 CE)
Main article: Garhwal Kingdom
Mola Ram the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote
the historical work Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty)
which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.[17][18]

Rulers of Garhwal - Panwar clan of Garhwali Rajputs

No. Name Reign Years Reigned No. Name Reign Years Reigned No. Name
Reign Years Reigned
1 Kanak Pal 688–699 11 21 Vikram Pal 1116–1131 15 41 Vijay
Pal 1426–1437 11
2 Shyam Pal 699–725 26 22 Vichitra Pal 1131–1140 9 42
Sahaj Pal 1437–1473 36
3 Pandu Pal 725–756 31 23 Hans Pal 1141–1152 11 43
Bahadur Shah 1473–1498 25
4 Abhijat Pal 756–780 24 24 Som Pal 1152–1159 7 44 Man
Shah 1498–1518 20
5 Saugat Pal 781–800 19 25 Kadil Pal 1159–1164 5 45 Shyam
Shah 1518–1527 9
6 Ratna Pal 800–849 49 26 Kamadev Pal 1172–1179 7 46
Mahipat Shah 1527–1552 25
7 Shali Pal 850–857 7 27 Sulakshan Dev 1179–1197 18 47
Prithvi Shah 1552–1614 62
8 Vidhi Pal 858–877 19 28 Lakhan Dev 1197–1220 23 48 Medini
Shah 1614–1660 46
9 Madan Pal 877–894 17 29 Anand Pal II 1220–1241 21 49
Fateh Shah 1660–1708 48
10 Bhakti Pal 895–919 24 30 Purva Dev 1241–1260 19 50
Upendra Shah 1708–1709 1
11 Jayachand Pal 920–948 28 31 Abhay Dev 1260–1267 7 51
Pradip Shah 1709–1772 63
12 Prithvi Pal 949–971 22 32 Jayaram Dev 1267–1290 23 52 Lalit
Shah 1772–1780 8
13 Medinisen Pal 972–995 23 33 Asal Dev 1290–1299 9 53
Jayakrit Shah 1780–1786 6
14 Agasti Pal 995–1014 19 34 Jagat Pal 1299–1311 12 54
Pradyumna Shah 1786–1804 18
15 Surati Pal 1015–1036 21 35 Jit Pal 1311–1330 19 55
Sudarshan Shah 1804–1859 55
16 Jay Pal 1037–1055 18 36 Anant Pal II 1330–1358 28 56
Bhawani Shah 1859–1871 12
17 Anant Pal I 1056–1072 16 37 Ajay Pal 1358–1389 31 57 Pratap
Shah 1871–1886 15
18 Anand Pal I 1072–1083 11 38 Kalyan Shah 1389–1398 9 58 Kirti
Shah 1886–1913 27
19 Vibhog Pal 1084–1101 17 39 Sundar Pal 1398–1413 15 59
 Narendra Shah 1913–1946 33
20 Suvayanu Pal 1102–1115 13 40 Hansadev Pal 1413–1426 13
60 Manabendra Shah 1946–1949 3
Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)
Main article: Mallabhum kingdom
Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of
Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West
Bengal.[19] (also known as Mallabhoom),[20]

Name of the king[21][22] Reign

Adi Malla 694–710
Jay Malla 710–720
Benu Malla 720–733
Kinu Malla 733–742
Indra Malla 742–757
Kanu Malla 757–764
Dha (Jhau) Malla 764–775
Shur Malla 775–795
Kanak Malla 795–807
Kandarpa Malla 807–828
Sanatan Malla 828–841
Kharga Malla 841–862
Durjan (Durjay) Malla 862–906
Yadav Malla 906–919
Jagannath Malla 919–931
Birat Malla 931–946
Mahadev Malla 946–977
Durgadas Malla 977–994
Jagat Malla 994–1007
Ananta Malla 1007–1015
Rup Malla 1015–1029
Sundar Malla 1029–1053
Kumud Malla 1053–1074
Krishna Malla 1074–1084
Rup II (Jhap) Malla 1084–1097
Prakash Malla 1097–1102
Pratap Malla 1102–1113
Sindur Malla 1113–1129
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla 1129–1142
Banamali Malla 1142–1156
Yadu/Jadu Malla 1156–1167
Jiban Malla 1167–1185
Ram Malla 1185–1209
Gobinda Malla 1209–1240
Bhim Malla 1240–1263
Katar(Khattar) Malla 1263–1295
Prithwi Malla 1295 -1319
Tapa Malla 1319–1334
Dinabandhu Malla 1334–1345
Kinu/Kanu II Malla 1345–1358
Shur Malla II 1358–1370
Shiv Singh Malla 1370–1407
Madan Malla 1407–1420
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla 1420–1437
Uday Malla 1437–1460
Chandra Malla 1460–1501
Bir Malla 1501–1554
Dhari Malla 1554–1565
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir) 1565–1620
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev 1620–1626
Raghunath Singha Dev 1626–1656
Bir Singha Dev 1656–1682
Durjan Singha Dev 1682–1702
Raghunath Singha Dev II 1702–1712
Gopal Singha Dev 1712–1748
Chaitanya Singha Dev 1748–1801
Madhav Singha Dev 1801–1809
Gopal Singha Dev II 1809–1876
Ramkrishna Singha Dev 1876–1885
Dwhaja Moni Devi 1885–1889
Nilmoni Singha Dev 1889–1903
Churamoni Devi (Regency) 1903–1930
Kalipada Singha Thakur 1930–1947
Chand Kingdom of Kumaon (700–1790 CE)
Main article: Chand kings
Badri Datt Pandey, in his book Kumaun Ka Itihaas lists the Chand kings as
following:

King Reign
Som Chand 700–721
Atm Chand 721–740
Purn Chand 740–758
Indra Chand 758–778
Sansar Chand 778–813
Sudha Chand 813–833
Hamir Chand 833–856
Vina Chand 856–869
Vir Chand 1065–1080
Rup Chand 1080–1093
Laxmi Chand 1093–1113
Dharm Chand 1113–1121
Karm Chand 1121–1140
Ballal Chand 1140–1149
Nami Chand 1149–1170
Nar Chand 1170–1177
Nanaki Chand 1177–1195
Ram Chand 1195–1205
Bhishm Chand 1205–1226
Megh Chand 1226–1233
Dhyan Chand 1233–1251
Parvat Chand 1251–1261
Thor Chand 1261–1275
Kalyan Chand II 1275–1296
Trilok Chand 1296–1303
Damaru Chand 1303–1321
Dharm Chand 1321–1344
Abhay Chand 1344–1374
Garur Gyan Chand 1374–1419
Harihar Chand 1419–1420
Udyan Chand 1420–1421
Atma Chand II 1421–1422
Hari Chand II 1422–1423
Vikram Chand 1423–1437
Bharati Chand 1437–1450
Ratna Chand 1450–1488
Kirti Chand 1488–1503
Pratap Chand 1503–1517
Tara Chand 1517–1533
Manik Chand 1533–1542
Kalyan Chand III 1542–1551
Purna Chand 1551–1555
Bhishm Chand 1555–1560
Balo Kalyan Chand 1560–1568
Rudra Chand 1568–1597
Laxmi Chand 1597–1621
Dilip Chand 1621–1624
Vijay Chand 1624–1625
Trimal Chand 1625–1638
Baz Bahadur Chand 1638–1678
Udyot Chand 1678–1698
Gyan Chand 1698–1708
Jagat Chand 1708–1720
Devi Chand 1720–1726
Ajit Chand 1726–1729
Kalyan Chand V 1729–1747
Deep Chand 1747–1777
Mohan Chand 1777–1779]]
Pradyumn Chand 1779–1786
Mohan Chand 1786–1788
Shiv Chand 1788
Mahendra Chand 1788–1790
Karttikeyapur (Katyur) Kingdom (700–1065 CE)
Main article: Katyuri kings
The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although
there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King[23]

List–
Vasu Dev (700–849 CE)
Basantana Dev (850–870 CE)
Kharpar Dev (870–880 CE)
Abhiraj Dev (880–890 CE)
Tribhuvanraj Dev (890–900 CE)
Nimbarta Dev (900–915 CE)
Istanga (915–930 CE)
Lalitasura Dev (930–955 CE)
Bhu Dev (955–970 CE)
Salonaditya (970–985 CE)
Ichchhata Dev (985–1000 CE)
Deshat Dev (1000–1015 CE)
Padmata Dev (1015–1045 CE)
Subhiksharaja Dev (1045–1060 CE)
Dham Dev (1060–1064 CE)
Bir Dev (Very short period until 1065 CE)
Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)
Main article: Varman dynasty of Kannauj
Yashovarman (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty
Āma
Dunduka
Bhoja (ruled until 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty.[24]
Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta (c. 735–982 CE)
Main article: Rashtrakuta dynasty
Dantidurga (735–756 CE), founder of dynasty
Krishna I (756–774 CE)
Govinda II (774–780 CE)
Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793 CE)
Govinda III (793–814 CE)
Amoghavarsha I (814–878 CE), he was the founded of Manyakheta city, which became
the capital of the dynasty.[25]
Krishna II (878–914 CE)
Indra III (914–929 CE)
Amoghavarsha II (929–932 CE)
Govinda IV (930–935 CE)
Amoghavarsha III (934–939 CE)
Krishna III (939–967 CE)
Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972 CE)
Karka II or Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973 CE)
Indra IV (973–982 CE), was the only a claimer for the lost throne.
Tomar dynasty of Delhi (c. 736–1151 CE)
Main article: Tomara dynasty
Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:[26]

Khadag Rai's history of Gwalior (Gopācala ākhyāna) names 18 Tomara kings, plus
Prithvi Pala (who is probably the Chahamana king Prithviraja III). According to
Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king Vikramaditya. It was
deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha]
of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the
beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 Vikram Samvat).
Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari (Bikaner manuscript, edited by Syed Ahmad Khan) names 19
Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It
might be possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl
was Gupta era, which starts from 318 to 319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this
era to be Vikrama Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated
to 747 CE (429+318), which is better aligned with the other sources.
As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established
Delhi in 736 CE.[27]

List of Tomara rulers according to various sources[28][29]

# Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript Gwalior manuscript of Khadag
Rai Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior
manuscript) Length of reign
Years Months Days
1 Ananga Pāla Bilan Dev 736 18 0 0
2 Vasu Deva 754 19 1 18
3 Gangya Ganggeva 773 21 3 28
4 Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla) Prathama Mahi Pāla 794 19 6
19
5 Jaya Deva Saha Deva Jadu Pāla 814 20 7 28
6 Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla Indrajita (I) Nai Pāla 834 14 4 9
7 Udiraj (or Adereh) Nara Pāla Jaya Deva Pāla 849 26 7 11
8 Vijaya (or Vacha) Indrajita (II) Chamra Pāla 875 21 2 13
9 Biksha (or Anek) Vacha Raja Bibasa Pāla 897 22 3 16
10 Rīksha Pāla Vira Pāla Sukla Pāla 919 21 6 5
11 Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla) Go-Pāla Teja Pāla 940 20 4 4
12 Go-Pāla Tillan Dev Mahi Pāla 961 18 3 15
13 Sallakshana Pāla Suvari Sursen 979 25 10 10
14 Jaya Pāla Osa Pāla Jaik Pāla 1005 16 4 3
15 Kunwar Pāla Kumara Pāla 1021 29 9 18
16 Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla) Ananga Pāla Anek Pāla 1051 29 6 18
17 Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah) Teja Pāla Teja Pāla 1081 24 1 6
18 Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal) Mahi Pāla Jyūn Pāla 1105 25 2 23
19 Akr Pāla (or Akhsal) Mukund Pāla Ane Pāla 1130 21 2 15
Prithivi Raja (Chahamana) Prithvi Pala 1151
Another resource tells that the son of King Mukundpal Tomar, King Prithvipal Tomar
had a son named King Govind Raj Tomar ruled for 1189 to 1192 .
Pala dynasty of Bengal (c. 750 – 1174 CE)
Main article: Pala Empire
Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue,
without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala
kings is hard to determine.[30] Based on their different interpretations of the
various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala
chronology as follows:[31]

RC Majumdar (1971)[32] AM Chowdhury (1967)[33] BP Sinha (1977)[34][failed

verification] DC Sircar (1975–76)[35] D. K. Ganguly (1994)[30]
Gopala I 750–770 756–781 755–783 750–775 750–774
Dharmapala 770–810 781–821 783–820 775–812 774–806
Devapala 810–c. 850 821–861 820–860 812–850 806–845
Mahendrapala NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through
a copper-plate charter discovered later.) 845–860
Shurapala I Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I 850–858 860–872
Gopala II NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription
published in 2009.)
Vigrahapala I 850–853 861–866 860–865 858–60 872–873
Narayanapala 854–908 866–920 865–920 860–917 873–927
Rajyapala 908–940 920–952 920–952 917–952 927–959
Gopala III 940–957 952–969 952–967 952–972 959–976
Vigrahapala II 960–c. 986 969–995 967–980 972–977 976–977
Mahipala I 988–c. 1036 995–1043 980–1035 977–1027 977–1027
Nayapala 1038–1053 1043–1058 1035–1050 1027–1043 1027–1043
Vigrahapala III 1054–1072 1058–1075 1050–1076 1043–1070 1043–1070
Mahipala II 1072–1075 1075–1080 1076–1078/9 1070–1071 1070–1071
Shurapala II 1075–1077 1080–1082 1071–1072 1071–1072
Ramapala 1077–1130 1082–1124 1078/9–1132 1072–1126 1072–1126
Kumarapala 1130–1140 1124–1129 1132–1136 1126–1128 1126–1128
Gopala IV 1140–1144 1129–1143 1136–1144 1128–1143 1128–1143
Madanapala 1144–1162 1143–1162 1144–1161/62 1143–1161 1143–1161
Govindapala 1158–1162 NA 1162–1176 or 1158–1162 1161–1165 1161–1165
Palapala NA NA NA 1165–1199 1165–1200
Note:[31]

Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names
of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled
simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the
imperial Pala dynasty.
According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of
Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of
dates are possible.
Shilahara dynasty (765–1265 CE)
Main article: Shilahara
Shilahara Kingdom was split into three branches:

First branch ruled North Konkan

Second branch ruled South Konkan (between 765 and 1029 CE)
Third branch ruled in modern districts of Kolhapur, Satara and Belgaum (between 940
and 1215 CE) after which they were overwhelmed by the Yadavas.[36]
South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)
List of rulers–
Sanaphulla (765–795 CE)
Dhammayira (795–820 CE)
Aiyaparaja (820–845 CE)
Avasara I (845–870 CE)
Adityavarma (870–895 CE)
Avasara II (895–920 CE)
Indraraja (920–945 CE)
Bhima (945–970 CE)
Avasara III (970–995 CE)
Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)
North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)
List of rulers–
Kapardin I (800–825 CE)
Pullashakti (825–850 CE)
Kapardin II (850–880 CE)
Vappuvanna (880–910 CE)
Jhanjha (910–930 CE)
Goggiraja (930–945 CE)
Vajjada I (945–965 CE)
Chhadvaideva (965–975 CE)
Aparajita (975–1010 CE)
Vajjada II (1010–1015 CE)
Arikesarin (1015–1022 CE)
Chhittaraja (1022–1035 CE)
Nagarjuna (1035–1045 CE)
Mummuniraja (1045–1070 CE)
Ananta Deva I (1070–1127 CE)
Aparaditya I (1127–1148 CE)
Haripaladeva (1148–1155 CE)
Mallikarjuna (1155–1170 CE)
Aparaditya II ( 1170–1197 CE)
Ananta Deva II (1198–1200 CE)
Keshideva II (1200–1245 CE)
Ananta Deva III (1245–1255 CE)
Someshvara (1255–1265 CE), last ruler of dynasty
Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)
List of rulers–
Jatiga I (940–960 CE)
Naivarman (960–980 CE)
Chandra (980–1000 CE)
Jatiga II (1000–1020 CE)
Gonka (1020–1050 CE)
Guhala I (1050 CE)
Kirtiraja (1050 CE)
Chandraditya (1050 CE)
Marsimha (1050–1075 CE)
Guhala II (1075–1085 CE)
Bhoja I (1085–1100 CE)
Ballala (1100–1108 CE)
Gonka II (1108 CE)
Gandaraditya I (1108–1138 CE)
Vijayaditya I (1138–1175 CE)
Bhoja II (1175–1212 CE)
Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)
Main article: Ayudha dynasty
Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty
Indrayudha
Chakrayudha (until 810)[37][38]
Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)
Main article: Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a dynasty in Central India. They ruled much of
the Bundelkhand region (then called Jejakabhukti) between the 9th and the 13th
centuries.
Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of
Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti (IAST names in brackets):[39][40]

Nannuka, (c. 831-845 CE)

Vakpati (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)
Jayashakti (Jayaśakti) and Vijayashakti (Vijayaśakti), (c. 865-885 CE)
Rahila (Rāhila), (c. 885-905 CE)
Shri Harsha (Śri Harśa), (c. 905-925 CE)
Yasho-Varman (Yaśovarman), (c. 925-950 CE)
Dhanga-Deva (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)
Ganda-Deva (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)
Vidyadhara (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)
Vijaya-Pala (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)
Deva-Varman, (c. 1050-1060 CE)
Kirtti-Varman (Kīrtivarman), (c. 1060-1100 CE)
Sallakshana-Varman (Sallakṣaṇavarman), (c. 1100-1110 CE)
Jaya-Varman, (c. 1110-1120 CE)
Prithvi-Varman (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)
Madana-Varman, (c. 1128-1165 CE)
Yasho-Varman II (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short time
Paramardi-Deva, (c. 1165-1203 CE)
Trailokya-Varman, (c. 1203-1245 CE)
Vira-Varman (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)
Bhoja-Varman, (c. 1285-1288 CE)
Hammira-Varman (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)
Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by
only one 1315 CE inscription)[41]
Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)
Main article: Seuna (Yadava) dynasty
Dridhaprahara
Seunachandra (850–874)
Dhadiyappa (874–900)
Bhillama I (900–925)
Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
Bhillama II (975–1005)
Vesugi I (1005–1020)
Bhillama III (1020–1055)
Vesugi II (1055–1068)
Bhillama III (1068)
Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
Airamadeva (1085–1115)
Singhana I (1115–1145)
Mallugi I (1145–1150)
Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
Govindaraja (1160)
Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
Singhana II (1200–1247)
Kannara (1247–1261)
Mahadeva (1261–1271)
Amana (1271)
Ramachandra (1271–1312)
Singhana III (1312–1313)
Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
Mallugi III (1318–1334)
Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 9th century to 1305 CE)
Main article: Paramara dynasty
See also: List of rulers of Malwa
According to historical 'Kailash Chand Jain', "Knowledge of the early Paramara
rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are
known only from later sources."[42] The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various
inscriptions and literary sources include:

List of Paramara dynasty rulers

Serial No. Ruler Reign (CE)
1 King Paramar (Legendary)
2 Upendra Krishnraja early 9th century
3 Vairisimha (I) early 9th century
4 Siyaka (I) mid of 9th century
5 Vakpatiraj (I) late 9th to early 10th century
6 Vairisimha (II) mid of 10th century
7 Siyaka (II) 940–972
8 Vakpatiraj (II) alias Munja 972–990
9 Sindhuraja 990–1010
10 Bhoja 1010–1055
11 JayasimhaI 1055–1070
12 Udayaditya 1070–1086
13 Lakshmadeva 1086–1094
14 Naravarman 1094–1133
15 Yashovarman 1133–1142
16 Jayavarman I 1142–1143
17 Interregnum from (1143 to 1175 CE) under an usurper named 'Ballala' and later
the Solanki king Kumarapala 1143–1175
18 Vindhyavarman 1175–1194
19 Subhatavarman 1194–1209
20 Arjunavarman I 1210–1215
21 Devapala 1215/1218–1239
22 Jaitugideva 1239–1255
23 Jayavarman II 1255–1274
24 Arjunavarman II 1274–1285
25 Bhoja II 1285–1301
26 Mahalakadeva 1301–1305
After death of Mahalakadeva in 1305 CE, Paramara dynasty rule was ended in Malwa
region, but not in other Parmar states.

Utpala dynasty of Kashmir (c. 855 – 1009 CE)

Main article: Utpala dynasty
Ruler Reign
Avantivarman 853/855 – 883 CE
Shankaravarman 883 – 902 CE
Gopalavarman 902 – 904 CE
Sankata 904 CE
Sugandha 904 – 906 CE
Partha 906 – 921 CE
Nirjitavarman 921 – 922 CE
Chakravarman 922 – 933 CE
Shuravarman I 933 – 934 CE
Partha (2nd reign) 934 – 935 CE
Chakravarman (2nd reign) 935 CE
Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) 935 – 936 CE
Chakravarman (3rd reign) 936 – 937 CE
Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti") 937 – 939 CE
Shuravarman II 939 CE
Yashaskara-deva 939 CE
Varnata 948 CE
Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) 948 CE
Parvagupta 948 – 950 CE
Kshemagupta 950 – 958 CE
Abhimanyu II 958 – 972 CE
Nandigupta 972 – 973 CE
Tribhuvanagupta 973 – 975 CE
Bhimagupta 975 – 980 CE
Didda 980 to 1009/1012 CE
Didda (c. 980 – 1003 CE) placed Samgrāmarāja, son of her brother on the throne, who
became founder of the Lohara dynasty.

Somavamshi dynasty (c. 882 – 1110 CE)

Main article: Somavamshi dynasty
Historian Krishna Chandra Panigrahi provides the following chronology of the later
Somavamshis:[43]

Name (IAST) Regnal name (IAST) Reign

Janmejaya I Mahābhavagupta I c. 882–922
Yayāti I Mahāśivagupta I (Mahashivagupta) c. 922–955
Bhīmaratha Mahābhavagupta II c. 955–980
Dharmaratha Mahāśivagupta II c. 980–1005
Nahuṣa (Nahusha) Mahābhavagupta III c. 1005–1021
Yayāti II Candihara (Chandihara) Mahāśivagupta III c. 1025–1040
Uddyotakeśarī (Uddyotakeshari) Mahābhavagupta IV c. 1040–1065
Janmejaya II Mahāśivagupta IV c. 1065–1085
Purañjaya Mahābhavagupta V c. 1085–1110
Karṇadeva Mahāśivagupta V c. 1100–1110
Pala dynasty of Kamarupa (c. 900 – 1100 CE)
Main article: Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)
S.nu King Reign (CE)
1 Brahma Pala 900–920
2 Ratna Pala 920–960
3 Indra Pala 960–990
4 Go Pala aka Gopalavarman 990–1015
5 Harsha Pala 1015–1035
6 Dharma Pala 1035–1060
7 Jaya Pala 1075–1100
Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (c. 910 – 1220 CE)
Main article: Paramaras of Chandravati
The following is a list of Paramara rulers of Chandravati, with approximate regnal
years, as estimated by epigraphist H. V. Trivedi.[44][45] The rulers are sons of
their predecessors unless noted otherwise:

Regional Name IAST Name Reign (CE)

Utpala-raja Utpalarāja c. 910–930
Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja Arṇṇorāja, or Araṇyarāja c. 930–950
Krishna-raja Kṛṣṇarāja c. 950–979
Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha Dhāravarāha or Dharaṇīvarāha c. 970–990
Dhurbhata Dhūrbhaṭa c. 990–1000
Mahi-pala Mahīpāla c. 1000–1020
Dhandhuka Dhaṃdhuka c. 1020–1040
Punya-pala or Purna-pala Puṇyapāla or Pūrṇapāla c. 1040–1050
Danti-varmman Daṃtivarmman c. 1050–1060
Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II Kṛṣṇadeva, or Kṛṣṇarāja II c. 1060–1090
Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva Kakkaladeva, or Kākaladeva c. 1090–1115
Vikrama-simha Vikramāsiṃha c. 1115–1145
Yasho-dhavala Yaśodhavala c. 1145–1160
Rana-simha Raṇāsiṃha ?
Dhara-varsha Dhāravarṣa c. 1160–1220
Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930 – 1842 CE)
Main article: History of Ladakh
Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930 – 1460 CE)
Main article: Maryul
Known Maryul rulers are-
Lhachen Palgyigon (c. 930 CE)
Lhachen Utpala (c. 1110 CE)
Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460 – 1842 CE)
Main article: Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh
The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:
[46][47][48]

Lhachen Bhagan (c. 1460–1485)

Unknown ruler (c. 1485–1510)
Lata Jughdan (c. 1510–1535)
Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535–1555)
Tashi Namgyal (c. 1555–1575)
Tsewang Namgyal I (c. 1575–1595)
Namgyal Gonpo (c.1595–1600)
Jamyang Namgyal (c. 1595–1616)
Sengge Namgyal (first rule, c. 1616–1623)
Norbu Namgyal (c. 1623–1624)
Sengge Namgyal (second rule, c. 1624–1642)
Deldan Namgyal (c. 1642–1694)
Delek Namgyal (c. 1680–1691)
Nyima Namgyal (c. 1694–1729)
Deskyong Namgyal (c. 1729–1739)
Phuntsog Namgyal (c. 1739–1753)
Tsewang Namgyal II (c. 1753–1782)
Tseten Namgyal (c. 1782–1802)
Tsepal Dondup Namgyal (c. 1802–1837, 1839–1840)
Kunga Namgyal II (c. 1840–1842)
Later Ladakh was conquered by Sikh Empire in 1842 CE.
Solanki dynasty (Chaulukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)
Main article: Chaulukya dynasty
The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:
[49][50]

Mularaja (c. 940 – c. 995)

Chamundaraja (c. 996 – c. 1008)
Vallabharaja (c. 1008)
Durlabharaja (c. 1008 – c. 1022)
Bhima I (c. 1022 – c. 1064)
Karna (c. 1064 – c. 1092)
Jayasimha Siddharaja (c. 1092 – c. 1142)
Kumarapala (c. 1142 – c. 1171)
Ajayapala (c. 1171 – c. 1175)
Mularaja II (c. 1175 – c. 1178)
Bhima II (c. 1178 – c. 1240)
Tribhuvanapala (c. 1240 – c. 1244)
Kachchhapaghata dynasty (c. 950–1150 CE)
Main article: Kachchhapaghata dynasty
Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch
Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975), first ruler of dynasty
Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)
Dubkund (Dobha) branch
Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)
Nalapura (Narwar) branch
Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150), last ruler of dynasty[51][52]
Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)
Main article: Jaipur State
See also: Kachhwaha and Dhundhar
Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom and
established the Kachwaha dynasty,[53] which ruled for more than 1000 years & still
ruling in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.

Rulers
27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 Sorha Dev (d. 1006)[54]
15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 Dulha Rao (d. 1036)[54]
28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 Kakil (d. 1039)[54]
21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 Hanu (d. 1053)[54]
28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 Janddeo (d. 1070)[54]
22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 Pajjun Rai (d. 1094)[54]
20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 Malayasi (d. 1146)[54]
15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 Vijaldeo (d. 1179)[54]
25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 Rajdeo (d. 1216)[54]
16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 Kilhan (d. 1276)[54]
18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 Kuntal (d. 1317)[54]
23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 Jonsi (d. 1366)[54]
6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 Udaikarn (d. 1388)[54]
11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 Narsingh (d. 1428)[54]
16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 Banbir (d. 1439)[54]
20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 Udharn (d. 1467)[54]
10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 Chandrasen (d. 1503)[54]
17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 Prithviraj Singh I (d. 1527)[55]
5 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 Puranmal (d. 1534)[56]
19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 Bhim Singh (d. 1537)
22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 Ratan Singh (d. 1548)
15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 Askaran (d. 1599)
1 Jun 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 Bharmal (d. 1574)
27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 Bhagwant Das (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 Man Singh (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 Bhau Singh (d. 1621)
13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 Jai Singh I (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: Ram Singh I (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: Bishan Singh (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: Jai Singh II (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
1743 – 12 Dec 1750: Ishwari Singh (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
Dec 1750 – 6 Mar 1768: Madho Singh I (b. 1728 – d. 1768)[57]
7 Mar 1768 – 16 Apr 1778: Prithvi Singh II[58]
1778 – 1803: Pratap Singh (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
1803 – 21 Nov 1818: Jagat Singh II (b. ... – d. 1818)
22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: Mohan Singh (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)
25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835: Jai Singh III (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: Ram Singh II (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922: Madho Singh II (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of
India in 1949 CE.[59]

Titular rulers
7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: Sawai Man Singh II
24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: Sawai Bhawani Singh (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian
Constitution.

28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: Sawai Bhawani Singh (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
17 Apr 2011 – present: Padmanabh Singh (b. 1998)
Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)
Main article: Hoysala Empire
Nripa Kama (1000–1045)
Hoysala Kings
Nripa Kama II 1026–1047
Vinayaditya 1047–1098
Ereyanga 1098–1102
Veera Ballala I 1102–1108
Vishnuvardhana 1108–1152
Narasimha I 1152–1173)
Veera Ballala II 1173–1220
Vira Narasimha II 1220–1235
Vira Someshwara 1235–1263
Narasimha III 1263–1292
Veera Ballala III 1292–1343
Harihara Raya 1342–1355
vte
Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (c. 1003–1320 CE)
Main article: Lohara dynasty
The Lohara dynasty were Hindu rulers of Kashmir from the Khasa tribe,[60][61] in
the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, between 1003 and approximately 1320
CE. The dynasty was founded by the Samgramaraja, the grandson of Khasha chief
Simharaja and the nephew of the Utpala dynasty Queen Didda.

First Lohara dynasty

Ruler Reign[62] ! Ascension year
Sangramaraja (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati) 25 Years 1003 CE
Hariraja 22 days 1028 CE
Ananta-deva 35 Years 1028 CE
Kalasha (Ranaditya II) 26 Years 1063 CE
Utkarsha 22 days 1089 CE
Harsha 12 Years died in 1101 CE
Second Lohara dynasty
Radda (Shankharaja)
Salhana
Sussala
Bhikshachara
Sussala (2nd reign)
Jayasimha (Sinha-deva)
Khasa Malla Kingdom (c. 10th to 14th century CE)
Main article: Khasa Malla kingdom
The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned by Giuseppe Tucci is in the following
succession up to Prithvi Malla:[63]

List–
Nāgarāja, (first known ruler of dynasty)
Chaap/Cāpa
Chapilla/Cāpilla
Krashichalla
Kradhichalla
Krachalla Deva (1207–1223 CE)
Ashoka Challa (1223–1287)
Jitari Malla
Ananda Malla
Ripu Malla (1312–1313)
Sangrama Malla
Aditya Malla
Kalyana Malla
Pratapa Malla
Punya Malla
Prithvi Malla
Abhaya Malla (14th century), (last ruler of dynasty)
Naga dynasty of Kalahandi (1005 – 1947 CE)
Main article: Kalahandi State
Raghunath Sai (1005–1040)
Pratap Narayan Deo (1040–1072)
Birabar Deo (1072–1108)
Jugasai Deo I (1108–1142)
Udenarayan Deo (1142–1173)
Harichandra Deo (1173–1201)
Ramachandra Deo (1201–1234)
Gopinath Deo (1234–1271)
Balabhadra Deo (1271–1306
Raghuraj Deo (1306–1337)
Rai Singh Deo I (1337–1366)
Haria Deo (1366–1400)
Jugasai Deo II (1400–1436)
Pratap Narayan Deo II (1436–1468)
Hari Rudra Deo (1468–1496)
Anku Deo (1496–1528)
Pratap Deo (1528–1564)
Raghunath Deo (1564–1594)
Biswambhar Deo (1594–1627)
Rai Singh Deo II (1627–1658)
Dusmant Deo (1658–1693)
Jugasai Deo III (1693–1721)
Khadag Rai Deo (1721–1747)
Rai Singh Deo III (1747–1771)
Purusottam Deo (1771–1796)
Jugasai Dei IV (1796–1831)
Fateh Narayan Deo (1831–1853)
Udit Pratap Deo I (1853–1881)
Raghu Keshari De (1894–1897)
Court of Wards (1897–1917)
Brajamohan Deo (1917–1939)
Pratap Keshari Deo (1939–1947)
Sena dynasty of Bengal (1070 – 1230 CE)
Main article: Sena dynasty
List of Sena dynasty dynasty rulers
Serial No. Ruler Reign (CE)
1 Hemanta Sen 1070–1096
2 Vijay Sen 1096–1159
3 Ballal Sen 1159–1179
4 Lakshman Sen 1179–1206
5 Vishwarup Sen 1206–1225
6 Keshab Sen 1225–1230
Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)

Main article: Kakatiya dynasty

Beta I (1000–1030)
Prola I (1030–1075)
Beta II (1075–1110)
Prola II (1110–1158)
Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent ruler of this dynasty]
Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]
Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present
day warangal)]
Rudrama Devi (1262–1296)[Only woman ruler of this dynasty]
Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last
ruler of this dynasty]
Gahadavala dynasty (1072–1237)
Main article: Gahadavala dynasty
List of rulers–
Chandradeva (c. 1072–1103 CE), founder of dynasty
Madanapala (c. 1104–1113 CE)
Govindachandra (c. 1114–1155 CE
Vijayachandra (c. 1155–1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva
Jayachandra (c. 1170–1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends
Harishchandra (c. 1194– ?? CE),
Adakkamalla (c. ? - 1237 CE )last ruler of dynasty[64][65][66][67]
Karnata dynasty of Mithila (1097 – 1324 CE)
Main article: Karnat dynasty
See also: History of Mithila
List of rulers–[68][69]
S.N. Ruler Regin
1 Nanyadeva 1097–1147
2 Gangadeva 1147–1187
3 Narsimhadeva 1187–1227
4 Ramasimhadeva 1227–1285
5 Shaktisimhadeva 1285–1295
6 Harisimhadeva 1295–1324
Chutia (Sadiya) Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524 CE)
Main article: Chutia Kingdom
List of rulers
Birpal (1187–1224), founder of dynasty
Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
Nitypal (1522–1524), last ruler of dynasty
Late Medieval Period (c. 1200s CE – c. 1500s CE)
Delhi Sultanate (c. 1206–1526 CE)
Main article: List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate
Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290 CE)
Main article: Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210)
Aram Shah (1210–1211)
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)
Khalji dynasty (1290–1320 CE)
Main article: Khalji dynasty
Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji (1290–1296)
Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316)
Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khalji (1316)
Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah Khalji (1316–1320)
Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414 CE)
Main article: Tughlaq dynasty
Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (1321–1325)
Muhammad Shah Tughluq I (1325–1351)
Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388)
Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
Muhammad Shah Tughluq III (1390–1394)
Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq (1394)
Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV (1394–1413)
After the invasion of Timur in 1398, the governor of Multan, Khizr Khan abolished
the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.

Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479 CE)

Main article: Jaunpur Sultanate
Malik Sarwar Shah (1394–1399)
Mubarak Shah (1399–1402)
Ibrahim Shah (1402–1440)
Mahmud Shah (1440–1457)
Muhammad Shah (1457–1458)
Hussain Shah (1458–1479)
Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451 CE)
Main article: Sayyid dynasty
Khizr Khan (1414–1421)
Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)
Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)
Alam Shah (1445–1451)
Lodi dynasty (1451–1526 CE)
Main article: Lodi dynasty
Bahlul Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
Sikandar Khan Lodi (1489–1517)
Ibrahim Khan Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Lodi Empire with
the Mughal Empire)
Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279 CE)
Main article: Kadava dynasty
Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)
Kingdom of Marwar (c. 1226–1950 CE)
Main articles: Kingdom of Marwar and Rathore dynasty
Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur
Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438 CE)
Name Reign began Reign ended
1 Rao Siha 1226 1273
2 Rao Asthan 1273 1292
3 Rao Doohad 1292 1309
4 Rao Raipal 1309 1313
5 Rao Kanhapal 1313 1323
6 Rao Jalansi 1323 1328
7 Rao Chado 1328 1344
8 Rao Tida 1344 1357
9 Rao Kanha Dev 1357 1374
10 Rao Viram Dev 1374 1383
11 Rao Chandra 1383 1424
12 Rao Kanha 1424 1427
13 Rao Ranmal 1427 1438
Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950 CE)
Name Reign began Reign ended
1 Rao Jodha 12 May 1438 6 April 1489
2 Rao Satal 6 April 1489 March 1492
3 Rao Suja March 1492 2 October 1515
4 Rao Biram Singh 2 October 1515 8 November 1515
5 Rao Ganga 8 November 1515 9 May 1532
6 Rao Maldeo 9 May 1532 7 November 1562
7 Rao Chandra Sen 7 November 1562 1581
8 Raja Udai Singh 4 August 1583 11 July 1595
9 Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal 11 July 1595 7 September 1619
10 Maharaja Gaj Singh I 7 September 1619 6 May 1638
11 Maharaja Jaswant Singh 6 May 1638 28 December 1678
12 Maharaja Ajit Singh 19 February 1679 24 June 1724
13 Raja Indra Singh 9 June 1679 4 August 1679
14 Maharaja Abhai Singh 24 June 1724 18 June 1749
15 Maharaja Ram Singh First reign 18 June 1749 July 1751
16 Maharaja Bakht Singh July 1751 21 September 1752
17 Maharaja Vijay Singh 21 September 1752 31 January 1753
18 Maharaja Ram Singh 31 January 1753 September 1772
19 Maharaja Vijay Singh September 1772 17 July 1793
20 Maharaja Bhim Singh 17 July 1793 19 October 1803
21 Maharaja Man Singh 19 October 1803 4 September 1843
22 Maharaja Sir Takht Singh 4 September 1843 13 February 1873
23 Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II 13 February 1873 11 October 1895
24 Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh 20 March 1911
25 Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh 20 March 1911 3 October 1918
26 Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh 3 October 1918 9 June 1947
27 Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh 9 June 1947 7 April 1949
28 (titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur 26 January 1952 Present
Ahom dynasty of Assam (c. 1228–1826 CE)
Main article: Ahom dynasty
The list of Swargadeos of the Ahom Kingdom
Years Reign Ahom name Other names succession End of reign Capital
1228–1268 40y Sukaphaa natural death Charaideo
1268–1281 13y Suteuphaa son of Sukaphaa natural death Charaideo
1281–1293 8y Subinphaa son of Suteuphaa natural death Charaideo
1293–1332 39y Sukhaangphaa son of Subinphaa natural death
Charaideo
1332–1364 32y Sukhrangpha son of Sukhaangphaa natural death
Charaideo
1364–1369 5y Interregnum[70]
1369–1376 7y Sutuphaa brother of Sukhrangphaa[71] assassinated[72]
Charaideo
1376–1380 4y Interregnum
1380–1389 9y Tyao Khamti brother of Sutuphaa assassinated[73]
Charaideo
1389–1397 8y Interregnum
1397–1407 10y Sudangphaa Baamuni Konwar son of Tyao Khaamti[74] natural
death Charagua
1407–1422 15y Sujangphaa son of Sudangphaa natural death
1422–1439 17y Suphakphaa son of Sujangpha natural death
1439–1488 49y Susenphaa son of Suphakphaa natural death
1488–1493 5y Suhenphaa son of Susenphaa assassinated[75]
1493–1497 4y Supimphaa son of Suhenphaa natural death
1497–1539 42y Suhungmung Swarganarayan,
Dihingiaa Rojaa I son of Supimphaa assassinated[76] Bakata
1539–1552 13y Suklenmung Garhgayaan Rojaa son of Suhungmung natural death
Garhgaon
1552–1603 51y Sukhaamphaa Khuraa Rojaa son of Suklenmung natural death
Garhgaon
1603–1641 38y Susenghphaa Prataap Singha,
Burhaa Rojaa,
Buddhiswarganarayan son of Sukhaamphaa natural death Garhgaon
1641–1644 3y Suramphaa Jayaditya Singha,
Bhogaa Rojaa son of Susenghphaa deposed[77] Garhgaon
1644–1648 4y Sutingphaa Noriyaa Rojaa brother of Suramphaa deposed[78]
Garhgaon
1648–1663 15y Sutamla Jayadhwaj Singha,
Bhoganiyaa Rojaa son of Sutingphaa natural death Garhgaon/Bakata
1663–1670 7y Supangmung Chakradhwaj Singha cousin of Sutamla[79]
natural death Bakata/Garhgaon
1670–1672 2y Sunyatphaa Udayaditya Singha brother of Supangmung[80]
deposed[81]
1672–1674 2y Suklamphaa Ramadhwaj Singha brother of Sunyatphaa poisoned[82]
1674–1675 21d Suhung[83] Samaguria Rojaa Khamjang Samaguria descendant of
Suhungmung deposed[84]
1675-1675 24d Gobar Roja great-grandson of Suhungmung[85] deposed[86]
1675–1677 2y Sujinphaa[87] Arjun Konwar,
Dihingia Rojaa II grandson of Pratap Singha, son of Namrupian Gohain deposed,
suicide[88]
1677–1679 2y Sudoiphaa Parvatia Rojaa great-grandson of Suhungmung[89]
deposed, killed[90]
1679–1681 3y Sulikphaa Ratnadhwaj Singha,
Loraa Rojaa Samaguria family deposed, killed[91]
1681–1696 15y Supaatphaa Gadadhar Singha son of Gobar Rojaa natural
death Borkola
1696–1714 18y Sukhrungphaa Rudra Singha son of Supaatphaa natural
death Rangpur
1714–1744 30y Sutanphaa Siva Singha son Sukhrungphaa natural death
1744–1751 7y Sunenphaa Pramatta Singha brother of Sutanphaa natural
death
1751–1769 18y Suremphaa Rajeswar Singha brother of Sunenphaa natural
death
1769–1780 11y Sunyeophaa Lakshmi Singha brother of Suremphaa natural
death
1780–1795 15y Suhitpangphaa Gaurinath Singha son of Sunyeophaa natural
death Jorhat
1795–1811 16y Suklingphaa Kamaleswar Singha great-grandson of Lechai, the
brother of Rudra Singha[92] natural death, smallpox Jorhat
1811–1818 7y Sudingphaa (1) Chandrakaanta Singha brother of Suklingphaa
 deposed[93] Jorhat
1818–1819 1y Purandar Singha (1) descendant of Suremphaa[93]
deposed[94] Jorhat
1819–1821 2y Sudingphaa (2) Chandrakaanta Singha fled the
capital[95]
1821–1822 1y Jogeswar Singha 5th descendant of Jambor, the brother of
Gadadhar Singha. Jogeswar was brother of Hemo Aideo, and was puppet of Burmese
ruler[96] removed[97]
1833–1838 Purandar Singha (2)[98]
Vaghela dynasty (1244–1304 CE)
Main article: Vaghela dynasty
The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:

Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty

Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla
Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva
Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva
Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from
Karna Chaulukya.
Jaffna (Aryachakravarti) dynasty (c. 1277–1619 CE)
Main article: Jaffna Kingdom
List of rulers–
Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan(1277–1284), founder of dynasty
Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan (1284–1292)
Vickrama Cinkaiariyan (1292–1302)
Varodaya Cinkaiariyan (1302–1325)
Martanda Cinkaiariyan (1325–1348)
Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan (1348–1371)
Virodaya Cinkaiariyan (1371–1380)
Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan (1380–1410)
Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan (1410–1440)
Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
Singai Pararasasegaram (1478–1519)
Cankili I (1519–1561)
Puviraja Pandaram (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran (1565–1570)
Periyapillai (1565–1582)
Ethirimana Cinkam (1591–1617)
Cankili II Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619), last ruler of dynasty[99]
Kingdom of Tripura (c. 1280–1949 CE)
Main article: Twipra Kingdom
Manikya dynasty
Main article: Manikya dynasty
List of rulers–
Ratna Manikya (1280 CE)
Pratap Manikya (1350 CE)
Mukul Manikya (1400 CE)
Kingdom of Tripura
Part of History of Tripura
Kings of Tripura
Tripura monarchy data
Manikya dynasty (Royal family)
Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)
Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)
Pushbanta Palace (Royal residence)
Neermahal (Royal residence)
Rajmala (Royal chronicle)
Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)
Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities)
vte
On 9 September 1949, "Tripura Merger Agreement", was signed and come in effect from
15 October 1949 & Tripura became part of Indian Union.[100]

Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)

Main articles: Nayaka dynasties and Kingdom of Kandy
See also: Musunuri Nayakas, Recherla Nayakas, Pemmasani Nayaks, Nayaks of Gingee,
Nayakas of Keladi, Thanjavur Nayak kingdom, Madurai Nayak dynasty, Nayakas of
Chitradurga, and Nayaks of Kandy
The Nayakas were originally military governors under the Vijayanagara Empire. It is
unknown, in fact, if these founded dynasties were related, being branches of a
major family, or if they were completely different families. Historians tend to
group them by location.

Nayaka dynasty
See also: Nayaka dynasties
Ruler Reign Capital
Prolaya 1323-1333 Warangal
(Musunuri line)
Kapaya 1333-1368 Warangal
(Musunuri line)
Warangal annexed to Recherla
Singama I 1335-1361 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Anavotha I 1361-1384 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Singama II 1384-1399 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Anavotha II 1399-1421 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Mada 1421-1430 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Singama III 1430-1475 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Rachakonda annexed to Vijayanagara Empire
Kumaravira Timma I 1441-1462 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Chenna Vibhudu 1462-1505 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Vaiyappa 1464-1490 Gingee
(Gingee line)[101]
Tubaki Krishnappa 1490-1520 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Chaudappa 1499-1530 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Ramalinga 1505-1540 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Achyutavijaya Ramachandra 1520-1540 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Viswanatha 1529-1564 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Sadashiva 1530-1566[102] Keladi
(Keladi line)
Chevappa 1532-1580 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Bangaru Timma 1540-1565 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Muthialu 1540-1570 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Krishnappa I 1564-1572 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Narasimha 1565-1598 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Sankanna I 1566-1570 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Timanna 1568-1589 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Sankanna II the Younger
(Chikka Sankanna) 1570-1580 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Venkatappa 1570-1600 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Virappa 1572-1595 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Ramaraja 1580-1586 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Achuthappa 1580-1614 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Venkatappa I the Elder
(Hiriya Venkatappa) 1586-1629 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Obanna-Madakari I 1589-1602 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Krishnappa II 1595-1601 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Timma 1598-1623 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Varadappa 1600-1620 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Muthu Krishnappa 1601-1609 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Kasturi Rangappa I 1602-1652 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Muthu Virappa I 1609-1623 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Raghunatha 1614-1634 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Appa 1620-1649 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Gingee annexed to the Bijapur Sultanate
Chenna Timma 1623-1652 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Tirumala 1623-1659 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Virabhadra 1629-1645 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Vijaya Raghava 1634-1673 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Thanjavur annexed to the Maratha Empire
Shivappa 1645-1660 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Madakari II 1652-1674 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Kumaravira Timma II 1652-1685 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Gandikota annexed to the Sultanate of Golconda
Muthu Virappa II 1659 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Chokanatha I 1659-1682 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Venkatappa II the Younger
(Chikka Venkatappa) 1660-1662 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Bhadrappa 1662-1664 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Somashekara I 1664-1672 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Chennamma 1672-1697 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Obanna II 1674-1675 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Shoora Kantha 1675-1676 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Chikanna 1676-1686 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1682-1689)
Aranga Krishna
Muthu Virappa III 1682-1689 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Madakari III 1686-1688 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Donne Rangappa 1688-1689 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1689-1704)
Vijayaranga
Chokanatha II 1689-1732 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Bharamana 1689-1721 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Basavappa 1697-1714 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Somashekara II 1714-1739 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Madakari IV 1721-1748 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Meenakshi 1732-1736 Madurai
(Madurai line).
Madurai annexed to the Nawab of Carnatic
Basavappa 1739-1754 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Sri Vijaya Rajasinha 1739-1747 Kandy
(Kandy line)
Kirti Sri Rajasinha 1747-1782 Kandy
(Kandy line)
Kasturi Rangappa II 1748-1758 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Basappa 1754-1759 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Madakari V 1758-1779 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Chitradurga annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore
Virammaji 1759-1763 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Keladi annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore
Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha 1782-1798 Kandy
(Kandy line)
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha 1798-1815[103][104] Kandy
(Kandy line)
Kandy becomes a British colony
Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)
Main article: Nayaks of Vellore
The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:

Chinna Bommi Reddy

Thimma Reddy Nayak
Lingama Nayak
Other Nayaka kingdoms
Nayakas of Shorapur
Nayakas of Kalahasti
Nayakas of Harappanahalli
Nayakas of Gummanayakana Palya
Nayakas of Kuppam
Nayakas of Rayalaseema
Nayakas of Jarimale
Nayakas of Gudekote
Nayakas of Nayakanahatti[105][106]
Reddy Kingdom (c. 1325–1448 CE)
Main article: Reddy Kingdom
List of rulers–
Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335), founder of dynasty
Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448), last ruler of dynasty
Oiniwar (Sugauna) dynasty of Mithila (c. 1325–1526 CE)
Main article: Oiniwar dynasty
List of rulers–
According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as
follows:[107]

Nath Thakur, founder of dynasty in 1325 CE

Atirupa Thakur
Vishwarupa Thakur
Govinda Thakur
Lakshman Thakur
Kameshwar Thakur
Bhogishwar Thakur, ruled for over 33 years
Ganeshwar Singh, reigned from 1355; killed by his cousins in 1371 after a long-
running internecine dispute
Kirti Singh
Bhava Singh Deva
Deva Simha Singh
Shiva Simha Singh (or Shivasimha Rūpanārāyana), took power in 1402, missing in
battle in 1406[108][109]
Lakhima Devi, chief wife of Shiva Simha Singh, ruled for 12 years from Raj Banauli.
She committed sati after many years of waiting for her husband's return.[108][110]
Padma Simha Singh, took power in 1418 and died in 1431[108]
Viswavasa Devi, wife of Padma Singh, died in 1443
Hara Singh Deva, younger brother of Deva Singh
Nara Singh Deva, died in 1460
Dhir Singh Deva
Bhairva Singh Deva, died in 1515, brother of Dhir Singh Deva
Rambhadra Deva
Laxminath Singh Deva, last ruler died in 1526 CE
Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1336–1646 CE)
Main articles: Vijayanagara Empire and List of Vijayanagara emperors
Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by four different dynasties for about 310 years on
entire South India.[111]

Serial no. Regnal names Reign (CE)

Sangama dynasty rulers (1336 to 1485 CE)
1 Harihara I 1336–1356
2 Bukka Raya I 1356–1377
3 Harihara II 1377–1404
4 Virupaksha Raya 1404–1405
5 Bukka Raya II 1405–1406
6 Deva Raya 1406–1422
7 Ramachandra Raya 1422
8 Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya 1422–1424
9 Deva Raya II 1424–1446
10 Mallikarjuna Raya 1446–1465
11 Virupaksha Raya II 1465–1485
12 Praudha Raya 1485
Saluva dynasty rulers (1485 to 1505 CE)
13 Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya 1485–1491
14 Thimma Bhupala 1491
15 Narasimha Raya II 1491–1505
Tuluva dynasty rulers (1491 to 1570 CE)
16 Tuluva Narasa Nayaka 1491–1503
17 Viranarasimha Raya 1503–1509
18 Krishnadevaraya 1509–1529
19 Achyuta Deva Raya 1529–1542
20 Sadasiva Raya 1542–1570
Aravidu dynasty rulers (1542 to 1646 CE)
21 Aliya Rama Raya 1542–1565
22 Tirumala Deva Raya 1565–1572
23 Sriranga Deva Raya 1572–1586
24 Venkatapati Deva Raya 1586–1614
25 Sriranga II 1614–1617
26 Rama Deva Raya 1617–1632
27 Peda Venkata Raya 1632–1642
28 Sriranga III 1642–1646/1652
Bahmani Sultanate (c. 1347–1527 CE)
Main article: Bahmani Sultanate
Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah (1347–1358)
Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)
Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
Daud Shah I (1378)
Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah (1397–1422)
Ahmad Shah I Wali (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar
Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III (1461–1463)
Muhammad Shah III Lashkari (1463–1482)
Mahmood Shah Bahmani II(1482–1518)
Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)
Malwa Sultanate (c. 1392–1562 CE)
Main article: Malwa Sultanate
Ghoris (1390–1436 CE)
Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
Masud Khan (1436)
Khaljis (1436–1535 CE)
Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)
Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)
Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)
Baro-Bhuyan kingdoms (c. 1365–1632 CE)
Main article: Baro-Bhuyan
List of Kingdoms and their rulers are
Baro-Bhuyan of Assam (1365–1440 CE)
Sasanka (Arimatta) (1365–1385 CE)
Gajanka (1385–1400 CE)
Sukranka (1400–1415 CE)
Mriganka (1415–1440 CE)
Baro-Bhuyan of Bengal (1576–1632 CE)
Isa Khan
Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)
Masum Khan
Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (c. 1375–1523 CE)
Main article: Tomaras of Gwalior
The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.[112][113]

Name in dynasty's inscriptions (IAST) Reign Names in Muslim chronicles and

vernacular literature
Vīrasiṃha-deva 1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE) Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh
Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in Badauni's writings), Nar
Singh (in Firishta's and Nizamuddin's writings).[114]
Uddharaṇa-deva 1400–1402 CE Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's
writings)[115]
Virāma-deva 1402–1423 CE Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo
(in Firishta's writings)
Gaṇapati-deva 1423–1425 CE Ganpati Dev
Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha 1425–1459 CE Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
Kirtisiṃha-deva 1459–1480 CE Kirti Singh Tomar
Kalyāṇamalla 1480–1486 CE Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
Māna-siṃha 1486–1516 CE Mana Sahi, Man Singh
Vikramāditya 1516–1523 CE Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit
Wadiyar Kingdom of Mysore (c. 1399–1950 CE)
Main articles: Kingdom of Mysore and Wadiyar dynasty
List of rulers
Yaduraya Wodeyar or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1399–1423 CE)
Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459 CE)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478 CE)
Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513 CE)
Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553 CE)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572 CE)
Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576 CE)
Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578 CE)
Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617 CE)
Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637 CE)
Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638 CE)
Ranadhira Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659 CE)
Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673 CE)
Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704 CE)
Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714 CE)
Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732 CE)
Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734 CE)
Immadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761 CE
Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1770 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782 CE,
then under Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796 CE.
Hyder Ali (1761–1782 CE), usurper and non-dynastic
Tipu Sultan (1782–1799 CE), son of the previous.
Mummudi Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868 CE), Wodeyar dynasty restored
Chamaraja Wodeyar X (1868–1894 CE)
Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from (1894 to
1902 CE)
Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940 CE)
Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940–1950 CE)
Gajapati Empire (c. 1434–1541 CE)
Main article: Gajapati Empire
Rulers–
Picture King Reign
Kapilendra Deva 1434–1467
Purushottama Deva 1467–1497
Prataparudra Deva 1497–1540
Kalua Deva 1540–1541
Kakharua Deva 1541
Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (c. 1465–1947 CE)
Main articles: Bikaner State and Rathore dynasty
Rulers–
Name Reign Began (in CE) Reign Ended (in CE)
1 Rao Bika 1465 1504
2 Rao Narayan Singh 1504 1505
3 Rao Luna Karana (Lon-Karan) 1505 1526
4 Rao Jait Singh (Jetasi) 1526 1542
5 Rao Kalyan Mal 1542 1574
6 Rao Rai Singh I (Rai Rai Singh) 1574 1612
7 Rai Dalpat Singh (Dalip) 1612 1613
8 Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya 1613 1631
9 Rao Karan Singh (Jangalpat Badhshah) 1631 1667
10 Anup Singh 1669 1698
11 Rao Sarup Singh 1698 1700
12 Rao Sujan Singh 1700 1735
13 Rao Zorawar Singh 1735 1746
14 Rao Gaj Singh 1746 1787
15 Rao Rai Singh II (Raj Singh) 1787 1787
16 Rao Pratap Singh 1787 1787
17 Rao Surat Singh 1787 1828
18 Rao Ratan Singh 1828 1851
19 Rao Sardar Singh 1851 1872
20 Dungar Singh 1872 1887
21 Ganga Singh 1887 1943
22 Sadul Singh 1943 1947
23 Karni Singh 1947 1971
Deccan Sultanates (c. 1490–1686 CE)
Main article: Deccan Sultanates
Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619 CE)
Main article: Bidar Sultanate
Qasim Barid I 1490–1504
Amir Barid I 1504–1542
Ali Barid Shah I 1542–1580
Ibrahim Barid Shah 1580–1587
Qasim Barid Shah II 1587–1591
Ali Barid Shah II 1591
Amir Barid Shah II 1591–1601
Mirza Ali Barid Shah III 1601–1609
Amir Barid Shah III 1609–1619
Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572 CE)
Main article: Berar sultanate
Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (1490–1504)
Aladdin Imad Shah (1504–1530)
Darya Imad Shah (1530–1562)
Burhan Imad Shah (1562–1574)
Tufal Khan 1574
Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)
Main article: Adil Shahi dynasty
Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1511)
Ismail Adil Shah (1511–1534)
Mallu Adil Shah (1534)
Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558)
Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1579)
Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur (1627–1657)
Ali Adil Shah II (1657–1672)
Sikandar Adil Shah (1672–1686)
Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636 CE)
Main article: Ahmadnagar Sultanate
Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I 1490–1510
Burhan Nizam Shah I 1510–1553
Hussain Nizam Shah I 1553–1565
Murtaza Nizam Shah I 1565–1588
Hussain Nizam Shah II 1588–1589
Ismail Nizam Shah 1589–1591
Burhan Nizam Shah II 1591–1595
Ibrahim Nizam Shah 1595–1596
Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah II 1596
Bahadur Nizam Shah 1596–1600
Murtaza Nizam Shah II 1600–1610
Burhan Nizam Shah III 1610–1631
Hussain Nizam Shah III 1631–1633
Murtaza Nizam Shah III 1633–1636
Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686 CE)
Main article: Qutb Shahi dynasty
Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk (1518–1543)
Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1612)
Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1686)
Gatti Mudalis of Taramangalam (c. 15th–17th century CE)
Main articles: Gatti Mudalis and Taramangalam
List of known rulers–
Vanagamudi Gatti
Immudi Gatti
Gatti Mudali
Early Modern Period (c. 1500s CE – 1850s CE)
Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)
List of Maharajas of Cochin
Koch Kingdom (c. 1515–1949 CE)
List of Maharajas of Koch

Mughal Empire (c. 1526–1857 CE)

List of emperors of the Mughal Empire

Sur Empire (c. 1540–1555 CE)

List of rulers of the Sur Empire

Gajapati of Odisha
Lists of Gajapatis

Khurda Kingdom
List of rulers of Khurda

Kingdom of Sikkim (c. 1642–1975 CE)

List of Chogyals of Sikkim

Maratha Empire (c. 1674–1818 CE)

Main articles: List of Maratha rulers and List of Maratha dynasties and states
List of Chhatrapatis of the Marathas

Thanjavur Maratha kingdom (c. 1674–1855 CE)

List of Thanjavur Maratha rulers

The Peshwas (c. 1713–1858 CE)

List of Peshwas

Baroda State (c. 1721–1947 CE)

List of Maharajas of Baroda

Gwalior State (c. 1731–1947 CE)

List of Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior

Indore State (c. 1731–1948 CE)

List of Maharajas of Indore

Sinsinwar Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur and Deeg (c. 1683–1947 CE)

Main article: Bharatpur State
List of rulers
Sinsinwar Jats of Bharatpur & Deeg (1683–1947)
Ruler Years
Raja Ram Sinsinwar 1683–1688
Churaman 1695–1721
Muhkam Singh 1721–1722
Badan Singh 1722–1755
Suraj Mal 1755–1763
Jawahar Singh 1764–1768
Ratan Singh 1768–1769
Kehri Singh 1769–1778
Ranjit Singh 1778–1805
Randhir Singh 1805–1823
Baldeo Singh 1823–1825
Balwant Singh 1825–1853
Jaswant Singh 1853–1893
Ram Singh 1893–1900
Kishan Singh 1918–1929
Brijendra Singh 1929–1947
This box: viewtalkedit
Pudukkottai Kingdom (c. 1686–1948 CE)
Main article: Pudukkottai state
Rulers-
Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman (1686–1730), first ruler
Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I (1730–1769)
Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman (1769–1789)
Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman (December 1789–February 1, 1807)
Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II (February 1, 1807–June 1825)
Raghunatha Tondaiman (June 1825–July 13, 1839)
Ramachandra Tondaiman (July 13, 1839 – April 15, 1886)
Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman (April 15, 1886 – May 28, 1928)
Rajagopala Tondaiman (October 28, 1928 – August 15, 1947), last ruler
Sivaganga Kingdom (c. 1725–1947 CE)
Main article: Sivaganga estate
Rulers–[116]
Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1725–1750), founder of kingdom
Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750–1780)
Velu Nachiyar (1780–1790)
Vellacci (1790–1793)
Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793–1801), last independent ruler
Zamindar under British rule (1803–1947)
Kingdom of Travancore (c. 1729–1949 CE)
Main article: Travancore
Rulers–
Marthanda Varma (1729–1758 CE), founder of kingdom
Dharma Raja (1758–1798 CE)
Balarama Varma (1798–1810CE)
Gowri Lakshmi Bayi (1810–1815 CE)
Gowri Parvati Bayi (1815–1829 CE)
Swathi Thirunal (1829–1846 CE)
Uthram Thirunal (1846–1860 CE)
Ayilyam Thirunal (1860–1880 CE)
Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885 CE)
Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924 CE)
Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924–1931 CE)
Chithira Thirunal (1931–1949 CE), last ruler
Newalkar dynasty of Jhansi (c. 1769–1858 CE)
Main articles: Newalkar and Jhansi State
List of rulers–
Raghunath Rao (1769–1796)
Shiv Hari Rao (1796–1811)
Ramchandra Rao (1811–1835)
Raghunath Rao III (1835–1838)
Sakku Bai Rao (1838–1839)
Gangadhar Rao (1843–1853)
Rani Lakshmi Bai as regent of Damodar Rao of Jhansi (21 November 1853 – 10 March
1854, 4 June 1857 – 4/5 April 1858)[117]
Phulkian Dynasty of Punjab (c. 1763–1947)
Phulkian dynasty

Maharaja of Patiala

Nabha State

Jind State

Sikh Empire (c. 1801–1849 CE)

Maharaja of Punjab
Smaller Muslim polities
Hyderabad State
Nawab of Awadh
Nawab of Bengal
Kingdom of Mysore
Hyder Ali
Tipu Sultan
Dogra dynasty of Kashmir and Jammu (c. 1846–1952 CE)
Maharaja of Kashmir and Jammu

Later Modern India (c. 1850s onwards)

Empire of India (1876–1947 CE)
Main articles: British Raj and Emperor of India
Portrait Name Birth Reign Death Consort Imperial Durbar Royal House
Victoria 24 May 1819 1 May 1876 – 22 January 1901 22 January 1901
None[a] 1 January 1877
(represented by Lord Lytton) Hanover
Edward VII 9 November 1841 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 6 May 1910
Alexandra of Denmark

1 January 1903
(represented by Lord Curzon) Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
George V 3 June 1865 6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936 20 January 1936
Mary of Teck

12 December 1911 Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

(1910–1917)
Windsor
(1917–1936)
Edward VIII 23 June 1894 20 January 1936 – 11 December 1936 28 May 1972
None None[b] Windsor
George VI 14 December 1895 11 December 1936 – 15 August 1947[118] 6
February 1952
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

None[c] Windsor
Dominion of India (1947–1950 CE)
Main articles: Dominion of India and List of heads of state of India § Monarch of
India (1947–1950)
Portrait Name Birth Reign Death Consort Royal House
George VI 14 December 1895 15 August 1947 – 26 January 1950[118] 6
February 1952
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

Windsor
See also
Greater India
History of India
History of Hinduism
Middle kingdoms of India
Timeline of Indian history
List of wars involving India
Pottery in the Indian subcontinent
Outline of South Asian history
History of Republic of India (1947–present)
Other lists of monarchs
List of Tamil monarchs
List of rulers of Assam
List of rulers of Malwa
List of rulers of Bengal
List of rulers of Odisha
List of rulers of India
Lists of ancient kings
List of heads of state of India
List of Manipuri kings
List of monarchs of Kashmir
Legendary early Chola kings
List of monarchs of Magadha
List of Lunar dynasty kings
List of Solar dynasty kings
List of Jat dynasties and states
List of Rajput dynasties and states
List of Brahmin dynasties and states
List of Jain states and dynasties
List of Maratha dynasties and states
List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate
List of dynasties and rulers of Rajasthan
List of Rajput dynasties and states
List of Hindu empires and dynasties
Notes
Victoria's husband Prince Albert died on 14 December 1861.
Edward VIII abdicated after less than one year of reign.
A durbar was deemed expensive and impractical due to poverty and demands for
independence.[119]
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Misra, V.S. (2007). Ancient Indian Dynasties, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, ISBN
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"The Historical Value of Gangavamsanucharita Champu" (PDF).
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the Parbatiya plates, Sharma, Mukunda Manhava (1978). Inscriptions of Ancient
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2016.
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Pāia-lacchīnāmamāla (Prākṛta-Lakṣmināmamālā) (Bombay, 1960): v. 276
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Gogoi records that Sukhrangphaa died without leaving a son and the two ministers
administered the kingdom without a king for five years (Gogoi 1968, p. 273). Gait
and others do not record this (Gait 1906, p. 358), though Baruah does (Baruah 1993,
p. 282)
Sutuphaa was the younger brother of Sukhrangphaa, who was settled in a village
called Lahanjing. He was invited by the Burhagohain and Borgohain to become the
king and he set up his seat at Chapagurinagar (Gogoi 1968, p. 273)
Sukhramphaa was assassinated by the king of the Chutiya kingdom on a barge ride on
Suffry river (Gogoi 1968:273).
Sukhangphaa and his chief queen were deposed and executed by the ministers for
their autocratic rule (Gogoi 1968:274).
Sudangphaa Bamuni Konwar was born to the second queen of Tyao Khamti in a Brahmin
household of Habung (Gogoi 1968:274–275).
Suhenphaa was speared to death in his palace by a Tai-Turung chief in revenge for
being accused of theft (Gogoi 1968:282).
Suhungmung was assassinated by a palace staff in a plot engineered by his son,
Suklenmung (Gogoi 1968:309).
Suramphaa was deposed by the ministers when he insisted on burying alive a son of
each minister in the tomb of his dead step-son (Gogoi 1968:386). He was later
murdered on the instructions of his nephew, the son of his brother and succeeding
Swargadeo.
Sutingphaa was a sickly king (Noriaya Raja), who participated in an intrigue by
his chief queen to install a prince unpopular with the ministers. He was deposed
and later murdered on the instructions of his son and successor king Sutamla (Gogoi
1968:391–392).
Supangmung was grandson of Suleng (Deo Raja), the second son of Suhungmung (Gogoi
1968:448).
 The Maju Gohain, the brother of Chakradhwaj Singha, became the king. (Gogoi 1968,
p. 470)
Udayaaditya Sinha's palace was stormed by his brother (and successor king) with a
thousand-strong contingent of men led by Lasham Debera, and the king was executed
the next day. Udayaaditya's religious fanaticism under the influence of a godman
had made him unpopular, and the three great gohains implicitly supported this group
(Gogoi 1968:479–482). This event started a very unstable nine-year period of weak
kings, dominated by Debera Borbarua, Atan Burhagohain and Laluk-sola Borphukan in
succession. This period ended with the accession of Gadadhar Singha.
Ramadhwaj Sinha was poisoned on the instructions of Debera Borbarua when he tried
to assert his authority (Gogoi 1968:484).
Deyell, John S. Ahom Language Coins of Assam.
The Samaguria raja was deposed by Debera Borbarua, the de facto ruler, and later
executed, along with his queen and her brother (Gogoi 1968:486).
Gobar Rojaa was the son of Saranga, the son of Suten, the son of Suhungmung
Dihingiya Roja.
Gobar Raja was deposed and executed by the Saraighatias (the commanders of
Saraighat/Guwahati), led by Atan Burhagohain (Gogoi 1968:486–488). Their target was
the de facto ruler, Debera Borbarua, who was also executed.
After Ramdhwaj Singha, Chamaguriya Khamjang Konwar alias Shujinpha ruled only 20
days from 10 April 1674 (e.i. Lakni Kat plao (or 26th year) of 18th Taosinga
Circle) and on 30 April he was killed. There after Tungkhongiya Gobar Raja rose
only 12 ruled. Both were killed by the powerful minister Debera Baruah. After Gobar
Raja two more Prince rose only for another 12 days who are not recorded in
chronicles. The title of Suhung is suitable for Dihingia Arjun Konwar, who minted
coins and ruled more than six months and the minted year 1675 is his rising year
(e.i. Lakni khut ni (or 27th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) -- (Phukan, J.N.
(1987). Reattribution of the Coins of Suhung)
Dihingia Arjun Konwar tried to assert control by moving against the de facto
ruler, Atan Burhagohain, but was routed in a skirmish. Sujinphaa was blinded and
held captive when he committed suicide by striking his head against a stone (Gogoi
1968:489).
Sudoiphaa was the grandson of Suhungmung's third son, Suteng (Gogoi 1968:490).
Sudoiphaa was deposed by Laluk-sola Borphukan, who styled himself as the
Burhaphukan, and later executed. Atan Burhagohain, the powerful minister, had been
executed earlier (Gogoi 1968:492–493).
Sulikphaa Lora Roja was deposed and then executed by Gadadhar Singha (Gogoi
1968:496–497).
Kamaleswar Singha was installed as the king by Purnananda Burhagohain when he was
still an infant. He was the son of Kadam Dighala, the son of Ayusut, the son of
Lechai, the second son of Gadadhar Singha. Kadam Dighala, who could not become the
king because of physical blemishes, was an important influence during the reign
(Baruah 1993:148–150).
Chandrakanta Singha was deposed by Ruchinath Burhagohain, mutilated and confined
as a prisoner near Jorhat (Baruah 1993:221). The Burhagohain choose Brajanath, a
descendant of Suremphaa Pramatta Singha, as the king and coins were struck in the
new king's name, but it was discovered that he had mutilations on his person and
his son, Purandar Singha, was instated instead (Gait 1906:223).
Purandar Singha's forces under Jaganath Dhekial Phukan defeated the forces led by
the Burmese general Kee-Woomingee (Kiamingi or Alumingi Borgohain) on 15 February
1819, but due to a strategic mistake Jorhat fell into Burmese hands. Kiamingi
brought back Chandrakanta Singha and installed him the king (Baruah 1993:221–222).
Chandrakanta Singha fled to Guwahati when the army of Bagyidaw king of Burma, led
by Mingimaha Tilwa, approached Jorhat (Baruah 1993:223).
Jogeshwar Singha was the brother of Hemo Aideu, one of the queens of Bagyidaw. He
was installed as the king by Mingimaha Tilwa (Baruah 1993:223).
Jogeshwar Singha was removed from all pretense of power and Mingimaha Tilwa was
declared the "Raja of Assam" toward the end of June 1822 (Baruah 1993:225).
Purandar Singha was set up by the East India Company as the tributary Raja of
Upper Assam (Baruah 1993:244).
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December 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
Suresh K. Sharma, Documents on North-East India: Tripura, pp. 93-95
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chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and notes governorship of
Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464.
Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009). Sadashiva Nayaka reign. Coin &
Currency Institute. ISBN 9780871843081. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
Somasekhara Sarma, Mallampalli (1946). History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325
A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.). Waltair: Andhra University. p. 81.: "How this
discrepancy arose and why such a wrong account was given in the Kaluvaceru grant is
a mystery which is yet to be unravelled."
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Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 28. ISBN 07-0071-585-1.
Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Shulman, David; Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1998). Symbols of
substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu. Oxford University Press.
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Unwin. 1963.
Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish (1915). Vidyāpati: Bangīya Padābali; Songs of the
Love of Rādhā and Krishna. London: The Old Bourne Press.
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Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty (1984). Gwalior Fort: art, culture, and history. Arnold-
Heinemann. pp. 98–116. ISBN 978-0-391-03223-1.
B. D. Misra (1993). Forts and fortresses of Gwalior and its hinterland. Manohar.
pp. 27–46. ISBN 978-81-7304-047-4.
Kishori Saran Lal (1963). Twilight of the Sultanate. Asia Publishing House. p. 6.
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of Gwalior". Journal of the Oriental Institute. XXIII. Oriental Institute,
Maharajah Sayajirao University: 346.
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Pudukkóttai State, p.720
Guida M. Jackson; Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer (1999). Women Rulers Throughout the
Ages: An Illustrated Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 227. ISBN 9781576070918.
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