Information and Communication international environment.

Technology in Entrepreneurship Communication technologies are

essential for improving the productivity,
quality, and competitiveness of
ICT – defined as a diverse set of companies.
technological tools and resources used
Impact of ICT on Entrep Business
to transmit, store, create, share, or
exchange information. Businesses of this 21st century are
advancing at a very fast pace. With the
world becoming a global village,
Importance of ICT Integration in business transactions are becoming
Entrep increasingly dynamic and
consequently this has caused an
increase in world trade. Thus the
ICT has become a vital part of modern increase in the volume of trade in other
business operations. With the developed countries requires fast
increasing amount of data being transfers of monies, payment across
generated, business need ICT tools to continents and many other services
help collect, store, and analyze this that promote growth of business (Al-
data. This has led to the development Mudimigh, 2007).
of sophisticated software and These transactions cannot be carried
hardware solutions that enable out effectively without the use of ICT.
businesses to manage their operations With the numerous positive impacts of
more efficiently. From inventory ICT in businesses, it is hard to imagine
management to customer relationship a contemporary business functioning
management, ICT has become an without adoption of ICT. Thus, ICT
integral part of every aspect of a permeates every aspect of twenty first
business. century businesses (Ansah, Blankson,
Without these technologies business and Kontoh, 2012).
would face major disruptions, as seen Impact of ICT in different levels Wade
in scenarios were Google or news and Hulland (2004) asserted the
channels experience downtime. impact of ICT in three different
Additionally, ICT plays a critical role in competitive levels:
e-commerce, location flexibility for
employees, and analyzing business 1. Industry
performance.
2. Environment
According to the report “Talent Mobility
3. Organization
2020, the next generation of
international assignment by the Industry level- ICT can change the
consulting firm Price Waterhouse product life cycle, change its mode of
Coopers (PwC) such is the importance distribution, change barriers,
that ICT’s have today in society and in geographic market and affect the
the market that anyone who does not economic bases of production.
know how to ride technological wave”
Competitive environment- ICT can
will not be able to survive in the future
change the balance of forces the
company with its competitors, D. Guidelines in making Internet
customers and suppliers. Moreover, Useful for Business
according to Wade and Hulland
Using the internet for business Guide If
(2004), ICT can accelerate the rate of
you plan to use the internet for
appearance of substitute products,
business purposes, there are some
reduce the magnitude of existing
key issues to consider. Your choices
barriers and create new barriers to
will affect how you exploit the
entry.
opportunities available and how your
Organizational level- Wade and customers interact with you. Using the
Holland (2004) noted that the use of internet for business purposes
ICT can contribute to improved Businesses generally use the internet
implementation of activities of the for several reasons:
value chain (e.g. design, production,
● researching competitors.
marketing, etc..) and thus contribute to
the success of generic strategies to ● buying or selling products or
minimize costs and/or differentiation. services
Information and communication ● monitoring and measuring customer
technology is advancing rapidly and interest
the world community has undergone a
fundamental change. Activities, jobs, ● finding new customers
skills, cultures, needs and have ● promoting your business online
changed and been affected by this
technology. Entrepreneurship is How Do Businesses Use The Internet
undoubtedly a major contribution and To Advertise
has had a special role in the
development of these technologies; Online advertising allows you to find,
however, these technologies also have reach, and engage people who are
an impact on entrepreneurship and likely to be interested in your business
have created a sense of modern without spending money on an overly
entrepreneurship. Nowadays broad audience. Online advertising
information technology has spread offers granular audience information,
widely in society and is integrated into so you can focus your efforts
all aspects of life. Entrepreneurial is effectively.
the process of creating something To Communicate
new, with time and effort and financial,
psychological, and social risks to Communication in business is
obtain financial resources, job important to convey clear, strong
satisfaction and independence. In fact, messages about strategy, customer
this is considered as the engine driving service and branding. A business
the wheel to move while employment building a brand reflects a consistent
causes growth and dynamism in the message tailored to its audience.
economy and creates a new kind of Internal communication builds rapport
economy called the knowledge-based among employees and managers and
economy. encourages teamwork and
collaboration.
To Entertain Companies will use the Internet to sell
their products directly. Anything that is
Try to keep these benefits of starting
sold by mail order could equally be
your business in mind during times of
sold on the Internet. Online sellers do
doubt: It's personal: You get to invest
a variety of tasks. They photograph
your time and energy into something
and write descriptions of the items they
you love. Self-actualization: You get to
will sell and put the information online.
build your vision instead of someone
else's. Watch it grow: You get to see To Support
your creation grow from an idea into
Online support provides convenience
an empire.
because it allows customers to access
To Publish help at any time of the day, from
anywhere, using channels they prefer.
Web publishing is the process of
publishing original content on the To Train
Internet. The process includes building
Online training is a form of instruction
and uploading websites, updating the
that takes place completely on the
associated webpages, and posting
internet. It involves a variety of
content to these webpages online.
multimedia elements, including
Web publishing comprises of personal,
graphics, audio, video, and web-links,
business, and community websites in
which all can be accessed through
addition to e-books and blogs.
one's internet browser.
To Recruit
Utilities
Numerous recruitment agencies are
The Internet is filled with handy
beginning to employ the Web as a
utilities to make your work easier;
source for not only potential
online data storage services can
candidates but also for corporate
handle your computer backups, and
employers to register vacancies. Their
you can download thousands of
current careers service covers
programs designed to streamline your
Finance, Sales and Marketing,
business.
Computers, and Technical.
ADVANTAGES AND
To Research
DISADVANTAGES OF ICT IN
A prime reason for connecting to the BUSINESS
Internet is that it offers rich resources
Advantages of ICT
for research. Research is not just for
academics. It can be used to find Fast communication: emails are
financial results, technologies, quick, but chat on platforms like
solutions, suppliers and experts. It can WhatsApp are quicker. ICT lets
suggest new product areas, new businesses communicate anywhere on
markets. It can produce new business the globe within a fraction of a second.
alliances and partnerships. You can
also use pages to conduct surveys and Cost-effectiveness: working from
market research. home simply saves money and time.
Efficient technologies reduce the time
To Sell required to complete the task. For
example, a tractor will plow better and and solve problems faster than the
faster as compared to the old way of software.
using various practical tools.
Creating Web Page for Business
Better information security: private
Before making a website out of your
data can be better protected by ICT in
comparison to paper files. Sensitive small business, you’ll need to consider
information can be protected using a your goals so that you can implement
high level of encryption. This tool can design elements and tools to achieve
also save. customers from fraudsters your objectives.
and identity thieves.
Once you have a clear direction for
Overcome cultural barriers:
your website’s goals, you can start
Technology does not differentiate
digging into the process of designing
between users based on religion, race,
and building it.
or gender. Technology also helps
people understand different views and
opinions. These are the steps on making a small
Disadvantages of ICT business website (according to
Themeisle logo)
Lack of security: Even though IT
provides better security than traditional 1. Choose your website building
ways, it is still susceptible to external
platform (WordPress / Wix /
attacks like hacking or software
Squarespace).
viruses.

Square space and WIX are Hosted

Unemployment: Many information website Builders and it is considered
and communication technologies are as an all-in-one solution which means
replacing human employees. It is it offers complete website designs out
making many jobs such as customer of the box, which you can customize
support redundant. For instance,
with a drag-and-drop tool. You won’t
recent driverless car technology may
need to outsource hosting to another
replace all taxi drivers in the future.
company, but you’ll have less flexibility
The initial cost of implementation with design. And it costs for at least 18
and maintenance: It may cost a lot to Us dollars for a month
implement and maintain a secure and
user-friendly website. Also, businesses (Recommended)WordPress is an open
have to comply with new laws and source project which is free to use but
regulations that have been introduced. it needs a web hosting provider which
No human touch: Working from home is an additional expense.
has increased mental health concerns
within individuals. Many businesses 2. Pick your domain name.
worry about their employees lacking
human interaction. When it comes to Your domain name should ideally align
chatbots, many customers wish to talk with your business name. If you’re
to a real person who can understand
unsure of which name you should
choose, there are several online Bluehost features an intuitive
generators that can provide you with dashboard and one-click WordPress
some inspiration. installation. If you opt for this hosting
provider, you can install the
*Make sure it’s easy to spell. WordPress software quickly and
*Keep it as short as possible. easily.
*Include keywords relevant to your
business. Creating a new site with Bluehost.
3. Find your hosting provider. You’ll then need to enter your email
(Optional) address and create a password for the
new WordPress site. Then, the
If you decide to go with an all-in-one installer will start downloading and
website builder, you can skip this step. installing the WordPress software.
WordPress users should keep reading.
When that process finishes, navigate
We recommend Bluehost for various to My Sites again. Hit Manage Site
reasons. For example, its hosting underneath your website name and
packages come with the following then select Log in to WordPress:
inclusions:
5. Select a theme or template.
24/7 customer service and support
A free SSL certificate. WordPress and Squarespace offer
A free domain name for the first year tons of templates (or themes) that you
of your plan can easily customize. Many of them
Access to a user-friendly dashboard are free to use, too.
In-built security features
WordPress optimization features In WordPress, you can access free
The cheapest Basic plan starts at just theme options from your dashboard by
$2.75 per month. This package is navigating to Appearance > Themes.
usually sufficient for small websites,
but you can easily upgrade as your Once you Install and Activate the
business grows. theme of your choice, you can
customize it. Alternatively, you may
4. Install the WordPress software. want to consider a premium
(Optional) WordPress business theme. These
products often include features such
Again, you can skip this step if you’d as pre-built portfolios, e-commerce
rather use an all-in-one website builder pages, and page builder integration.
such as Squarespace. However, if
you’d prefer to use WordPress and a On the other hand, Squarespace lists
hosting company, you’ll need to install all its templates directly on its site. You
the software to use the Content can preview each one and click on
Management System (CMS).
start with this Design once you’re might consider using a plugin such as
happy with your choice. Updraft Plus to handle these critical
tasks.
*Search Engine Optimization (SEO).
6. Install plugins or extensions.
SEO can make your small business
website more visible and help you
Plugins (in WordPress) and extensions
attract new customers. We
(in Squarespace and other page
recommend using the Yoast SEO
builders) can add new features to your
plugin to help with optimizing your
website. Without these tools, you may
content.
struggle to get the most out of your
*E-commerce. If your small business
small business site.
has an online store, you’ll need an e-
commerce plugin to handle your sales.
WooCommerce is one of the best
With so many options available, it choices for a WordPress website.
might be tempting to install as many
plugins or extensions as you can. 7. Add your content.
However, doing so could slow down
your site and affect its performance. As you customize your website, you
will likely want to add content almost
Therefore, we recommend focusing on immediately. Before you do that, it’s
plugins/extensions that address the wise to have a rough structure in mind.
following areas:
Most business websites will need the
*Performance and optimization. following:
Having a fast-loading website is an
important goal for most website *Homepage. This will be the first thing
owners. As such, you may want to many visitors see when they come to
consider optimizing your site’s your site. It should give a short
performance with caching and overview of your services.
database optimization. The WP- Furthermore, it should include clear
Optimize plugin can handle all of those navigation to other sections.
tasks. For best-in-class image *Products, Services, or Portfolio page.
optimization, check out Optimole. This is where you will showcase your
*Security. We recommend opting for a work and describe what you have to
plugin that can protect your site offer customers or clients.
against spam, hackers, and other *About page. In this section, you’ll
malicious actors. For example, Sucuri include your story or share information
Security is an excellent all-in-one about your team.
solution that has a free and premium *Contact page. Ideally, you’ll want to
version. include a contact form and encourage
*Backups. Database and file backups customers to get in touch if they have
are essential in case something goes questions.
wrong with your website. As such, you
*Blog. This is a must for many *In order to start driving traffic to your
businesses nowadays and an new site, you might consider reaching
excellent content marketing tool. out to existing customers to let them
know you’re now online. You can also
WordPress and popular website promote your website on social media
builders all enable you to easily create or via email.
pages and add blog posts. Therefore,
you have the freedom to curate your Conclusion
content as needed. An online presence is paramount if you
8. Optimize your website for search want to reach a wider audience.
engines. Outsourcing web developers may not
be within your budget if you’re a small
Once you have content available business owner. Luckily, with
online, you still have to make sure beginner-friendly platforms such as
people can find it. SEO is one strategy WordPress, Squarespace, or Wix, you
that can help with that. can build a website in no time and
save some money in the process.
SEO is the practice of refining your
content so that it is more likely to rank The Importance of a Web Page for
high on Search Engine Results Pages Business.
(SERPs).
Here are some reasons why it is
9. Publish your website important to have a web page in
business.
Many website builders enable you to
keep your site private while you’re
building it, then publish it once it’s 24/7 Online Presence
ready for visitors. With WordPress, -One of the major advantages of
your site will be visible to the public as having a website is that it is accessible
soon as you’ve installed the software to anyone, anywhere, anytime.
on your hosting account.
-24/7 Customer Support
Regardless, before you start promoting Providing customer support is a tough
your website, there are a few last- job for any business. However,
minute checks you might want to providing customer support online is
make: easier and more cost-efficient than
hiring personnel to provide support.
*Preview how your website will look on
mobile devices to make sure it’s Information Exchange
readable. - the customers expect any brand or
*Read through your content to make business to have an online presence
sure everything is accurate. where they can access their services.
*Remove any filler content from your One of the most captivating aspects of
theme or template.
a website is how easy it makes
information accessible to customers. Visibility
-Websites can become your online
Establish Credibility and Build Trust store, office, or showroom at a very
-Just like in the old days, when minimal cost. A physical store will have
customers expected businesses to visibility within a particular radius of its
have contact numbers and addresses location, depending on its type.
mentioned in their information
brochure, customers nowadays expect Marketing
businesses to have a website or online - Marketing plays a crucial role in the
presence. This is a crucial first step in expansion of any business. Having a
establishing trust. website makes it pretty easy to spread
a word about your business when
people are searching for them.
Professional Web Design
-Website visitors have no reason to
stay on any Web page unless they’re Portfolio
tempted to. Visitors can get bored very -Do not limit your website to just selling
easily and expect something unique to products or services. Create a portfolio
capture their interest whenever they’re that shows how well you are doing in
visiting any website. the business.

Sales Growth Opportunity

- The accessibility of your business A website can act as a company’s
grows exponentially with a website, as portfolio or resume. This can prove to
it can be accessed from any corner of be beneficial for businesses as the
the world. website can act as a reference for
potential investors in which they can
Revenue be acquainted with your services, what
-There is no limit to the revenue that you have achieved so far, and what
could be generated by your website. If your plans for the future are as a
the reach of your website can cross business.
the borders, the revenue can reach
sky high.

Cost-Effective
-A physical store requires a massive Guidelines in Making Internet Useful
investment for owning or renting a for your Business
commercial space. Besides that,
furniture, interiors, and employees are
also some additional expenses that Introduction :
cannot be ignored. On the other hand, Nearly every business will benefit from
creating a website is very easy and having an internet presence. However,
cost-effective. before rushing to throw any old content
onto the web, take time to create an institutes as centers of excellence and
internet strategy that dovetails into and then sell consultancy services ,
helps drive your larger marketing and products , and technology .
business plans.today's world of instant
communication, consumers expect To Publish
every business owner to use the
Internet to stay in touch with clients - the major newspapers have all
and make new connections. The committed themselves to publishing on
Internet is also invaluable as an a daily basis on the web.
advertising tool, a way to research
methods to improve business and also To Recruit
provides essential utilities to keep your - numerous recruitment agencies
company running smoothly. Most are beginning to empty the web as a
business companies of today are source for not only potential
pretty much depending on the internet Candidates but also for corporate
and broadband services to market employers vacancies.
their business online to worldwide
customers, website hosting and To Research
telecommunication.
- A prime reason for connecting to
To advertise the internet is that is offers rich
- Advertising on the world wide web resources for research .
is quite different to traditional media.
To Sell
To communicate - As transactions become more
- to maximize your return from the accepted , companies will use the
internet , you need to understand its internet to sell their products directly .
benefits , and how you can harness
these so that you may incorporate To Support
them with your internet business - The prime example of support
strategy. given over the web is offered by
Netscape . Their browser appears with
To entertain no help files; this makes it smaller ,
- Browsing and surfing can be more quickly delivered.
leisure pursuits . The previous side of
the internet makes it into an To Train
advertising medium to generate sales - The internet provides a new
and to establish and help reinforce a medium for interactive training and
brand name . long distance learning . For
organizations that are geographically
To Inform spread out , or have many subsidiary
or associate companies .
- Academics can establish
themselves , their departments and
 The jobs to be done framework also
Product Innovation presents a unique way to view
is the development of new goods or competitors.
services to be launched in the market. 2. Create an Environment That Fosters
It can also be an improvement in the Innovation
functions and assignments of an Options to empower your employees
existing product. If a company’s to develop an innovative mindset may
product or solution is innovative, there include:
is a much higher chance to survive  Creating opportunities for cross-
and thrive. team collaboration
 Leading with a growth mindset
2 TYPES OF INNOVATION and embracing failures as
opportunities to learn
Incremental innovation - the least  Hosting brainstorming sessions
risky and most frequently seen, it is the and encouraging out-of-the-box
improvement of existing products. thinking
Radical innovation- is the creation of  Dedicating a team or committee
a whole new product. This category is to coming up with innovative
riskier than incremental innovation and ideas without the typical
can disrupt entire markets. restraints or success metrics as
the core business
Seven Stages of Product
Development
1. Idea Generation (Idea formulation) 3. Determine Your
2. Idea Evaluation (Screening) Organization’s Capabilities
3. Concept Testing Resources can include
4. Product Development everything from the materials
5. Testing and Execution used to make products to
6. Post Development technology, cash, and employees.
(Commercialization, Market Processes are the ways in which
Introduction) tasks are executed; for example,
7. Support and Maintenance product development or
employee on-boarding plans.
5 INNOVATION TIPS FOR The profit formula is the criteria
BUSINESS LEADERS used to guide prioritization
decisions and can include metrics
1. Identify Your Customers’ Jobs to such as gross margin targets or
Be Done return on investment thresholds.
Consider what job customers hire your
product to do. Conducting market
research with existing customers can 4. Keep Disruptive
offer insights into the variety of jobs Innovations Separate
people are hiring your product to do
and highlight opportunities to innovate.
Disruptive innovations need to be
kept separate from sustaining
Service innovations take place
ones. If you have an idea for a across all industries and around the
disruptive innovation, you should world. Of course, this involves service
form a separate business unit to firms, but product-based companies
execute it so the innovation can also develop service innovations.
doesn’t get lost in the company’s
existing strategy. A service innovation changes the
way customers are served to create
5. Consistently Think One value for customers and revenue for
Step Ahead the company. Through a new service
innovation, a company may increase
Innovation isn’t a one-and-done
its revenue due to existing customers
project; it’s a commitment to spending more, improved positive
thinking one step ahead for the company image, referrals, etc.
business’s lifespan. As you hone
your resources, processes, and Service innovation is helping
profit formulas, innovation will companies develop new revenue
become easier and a more sources by meeting their customers'
ingrained part of your company’s demand to get things done in sectors
culture. ranging from heavy machinery to
health care to financial services to
consumer goods.
Why is Product Innovation New or significant improved service
Important? concepts offering as such,
irrespective of whether they are
Product innovation aids companies in introduced by service companies or
doing the following: manufacturing companies, as well as
1. Gaining a Competitive Advantage innovation in the service process,
(e.g., increasing profits) service infrastructure, customer
processing, business models,
2. Expanding Market Share (e.g., commercialization (sales, marketing,
entering global markets) delivery), service productivity and
3. Meeting Sustainability hybrid forms of innovation serving
Goals/Requirements (e.g., keeping up several users group in different ways
with trends, changing values and simultaneously.
beliefs, meeting regulations)
Examples: The most famous
4. Recovering Losses (e.g., from examples are Uber, Airbnb and Grab.
product failures)
Importance of Service Innovation
5. Improving Company Image (e.g., Process
becoming an innovative leader)
It has great significance in Business
6. Growing the Business (e.g., Field:
expansion through new fields is
 Service innovation can be an
explored, new ideas, new brands,
effective strategy for a business
attracting more customers)
 to gain a long-term competitive new idea within the travel industry.
advantage. When revenues were declining
because of online bookings, travel
 Turning to or adopting service
agencies started to offer a new service
models may assist firms in
to its clients. Business travelers, by far
overcoming the difficulty of
the most lucrative segment in the
maintaining growth in saturated
traveling market, often require visas to
markets, as well as the problem
travel internationally. Applying for a
of commoditization.
visa is a time-consuming process, and
 A service-based strategy can business travelers are often under time
help businesses in a variety of pressure. So, offering the visa service
ways. Adopting a service-based allows travel agency to charge an
strategy, for example, can extra fee and keeps the busy
assist in improving service executive loyal. For some travel
offerings, cost framework, agencies, it is the most profitable and
delivery method, and fastest growing service.
technology. 3. The third level of service
innovations are new service firms.
A service innovation changes the way For example, the fastest growing
a customer is served. Service market in tutoring students at home
innovations take place across all was created by Indian firms who
industries and around the world. Of connect English speaking
course, this involves service firms, but professionals with kids via Skype. And
product-based firms can also develop mobile phone repair centers, which
service innovations. Think about Apple you now find at every mall and street
and how iTunes has revolutionized the corner, did not exist when I was a kid.
way we buy music. The key to service The same of course is true for
innovation is that it changes the way everything that is internet related. I
the customer is served. And using this was recently helping my son with his
definition, we can distinguish between homework and explained why water is
four levels of service innovations. the heaviest at four degrees Celsius.
So, he asked me, "How do you know
1. The first level improves an all that stuff, Daddy?" To which I
attribute or a feature of an existing responded, "Well, I'm older than the
service. For example, when internet whole internet." But not all service
service providers and firms are internet related. Firms that
telecommunication operators change specialize in admission consulting are
their pricing model to unlimited data new. Firms that specialize in
traffic. Some providers now offer controlling the organic processes for
unlimited gigabytes at the different your produce did not exist 20 years
speed rates for different prices. You ago.
may begin the month with high speed 4. Finally, the fourth level of
service for the first 10 gigabytes, and service innovations require a new
then change to a lower speed after value constellation. You may be
that. familiar with the term value chain,
2. The second level of service where one firm's output is the next
innovations are new service firm's input. Value constellations are
offerings. And a good example is a
similar, but there is no linear buyer- not necessarily include an
seller relationship between different understanding of the principles
actors or firms, and the service underlying the farm practices.
innovation is not just directed by one
firm, but through a different interplay As a science: Utilizes all technologies
between several actors. New attribute developed on scientific principles such
features, new offerings, new firms, and as crop breeding, production
new value constellation. Everything techniques, crop protection,
like this, everything that changes the economics etc. to maximize the yield
way the customer's served is and profit. For example, new crops
considered a service innovation. and varieties developed by
hybridization, Transgenic crop
varieties resistant to pests and
diseases, hybrids in each crop, high
fertilizer responsive varieties, water
management, herbicides to control
weeds, use of biocontrol agents to
combat pest and diseases etc.

IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE

A key to why agriculture is important

to business and society is its output —
DEFINITION OF AGRICULTURE from producing raw materials to
contributing to the global supply chain
Agriculture is the milestone in the and economic development. For
history of human civilization, due to thousands of years, agriculture has
agriculture man settled at a particular played an important role in everyday
place. Agriculture is one of the oldest life. Before agriculture, hunting and
and prime activities of the human gathering enabled humans to survive.
being. It has remained an important It wasn’t until the transition to the
source of land planned sowing and harvesting of
Agriculture is derived from the Latin crops that humans began to thrive.
word- ager, which means field and Humans developed tools and practices
colo meaning to cultivate, when to improve agricultural output with
combined, the Latin agricultura: field more efficient means of sustaining
or land tillage According to the themselves. From there, innovations
National Geographic, “Agriculture is that created industries led to the
the art and science of cultivating the modern era.
soil, growing crops and raising
livestock. It includes the preparation of Today, the importance of agriculture in
plant and animal products for people to everyday life can’t be minimized.
use and their distribution to markets.” Without the agriculture sector,
activities such as getting dressed for
As an art: It embraces knowledge of work and cleaning the home wouldn’t
the way to perform the operations of be possible. Here are examples of the
the farm in a skillful manner but does
agricultural products we use in our Agriculture plays a significant role in
everyday lives. the Philippine economy. Involving
about 40 percent of Filipino workers, it
Shelter contributes an average of 20 percent
Wood and plant-based materials, to the Gross Domestic Product. This
such as bamboo, can be used for output comes mainly from
indoor décor and construction agribusiness, which in turn accounts
materials. for about 70 percent of the total
agricultural output (CIDA-LGSP,
Morning routine 2003). The main agricultural enterprise
Mint is often an ingredient in is crop cultivation. Others are chicken
toothpaste, adding flavor while broiler production, including operation
brushing your teeth, and the caffeine in of chicken hatcheries (20.4 percent),
coffee that keeps you awake is derived agricultural services (19.8 percent),
from the coffee bean. and hog farming (18.4 percent) (NSO,
Dressing up 2002).
In addition to cotton, clothing can be The general trends in the last two
manufactured from hemp, ramie, and decades present a dim picture of the
flax. Bio-based materials can be used agriculture sector. Significant decrease
to produce grooming products such as in productivity, high production costs,
skin creams and shampoos. and low government support to the
sector, among other things, have led to
Cleaning a crisis in Philippine agriculture
Two types of chemicals used in (CIDALGSP, 2003). The neglect of the
detergents, cleaning products, and agriculture sector and the uneven
bath or hand soap — surfactants and distribution of resources worsened the
solvents — can be produced from poverty situation in rural areas. Only
biomass the remittances of migrant workers to
their families have enabled the latter to
Driving to work survive crippling poverty brought about
Plants make it possible to get to and by stagnant agricultural productivity,
from work. Think of rubber (sourced stiff competition from cheaper food
from rubber trees) and biodiesel fuel, imports, and periodic droughts and
which often includes ethanol (sourced floods that devastated crops and
from corn). livelihoods.

Entertainment BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURE

Paper from trees enables you to write,
and some musical instruments, such Four Branches of Agriculture
as reed instruments, require materials
made from plants. ● Livestock Production or Animal
Husbandry - Animal Husbandry is the
Education branch of agriculture concerned with
From pencils (still often made of wood) animals raised for meat, fiber, milk,
to paper textbooks, students rely on eggs, or other products. The term
agricultural products every day. "livestock" encompasses many
species and numerous breeds of
animal species that can produce food on afield scales either under rain-
and other raw materials fed or irrigated conditions. These
crops are mainly annual cultivated
Livestock production or Animal food.
Husbandry has 4 standard
Crop Production or Agronomy also
classifications:
includes:
Horticulture - is the science and art
a. Nomadic Pastoralism - The
of growing and caring for
husbandry of grazing animals
plants,especially flowers, fruits, and
is viewed as an ideal way of
vegetables. The word is derived
making a living and the regular
from the Latin "hortus" which
movement of all or part of the
means “garden” and "colere" which
society is considered a normal
means "to culture".
and natural part of life.
b. Poultry Farming - The raising
of birds domestically or
commercially,primarily for meat Three Branches of Horticulture
and eggs as well as for a. Pomology - is the branch of
feathers. Chickens, turkeys, botany that studies all fruits,
ducks,and geese are of specifically the science of
primary importance, while growing fruits and nuts. The
guinea fowl and squabs (young word is derived from the Latin
pigeons) are chiefly of local pomum which means “fruit” and
interest. logia which means “field of
c. Swine Farming - Is the raising study”.
and breeding of domestic pigs b. Olericulture - is the science and
as livestock, and is a branch of art of vegetable growing,
animal husbandry. Pigs are dealing with the culture of non-
farmed principally for food (e.g. woody (herbaceous) plants for
pork, bacon, gammon) or food. The word is derived from
sometimes skinned the Latin oleris which means “
d. Apiculture - is the scientific pot herb” and colere which
method of rearing honeybees. means “to culture”. As language
The word ‘apiculture’ comes develops over a long period of
from the Latin word "apis" time, it is simply defined as the
meaning bee and "colere" science and art of growing
which means “to culture”. Bees vegetables crops.
are mainly reared for their c. Floriculture refers to farming,
honey. So, apiculture or also plant care, propagation, and
known as beekeeping is the cultivation with one goal in
care and management of mind, the maximum production
honey bees for the production of flowering and ornamental
of honey and wax. plants for gardens and floristry,
● Crop Production or Agronomy - comprising the floral industry.
It is the science dealing with the The word is derived from the
cultivation of crops and vegetables Latin floris which means “
flower” and colere which means
 “to culture”. Therefore, it is the local policy measures as some of
cultivation of flowers. the most proactive in risk reduction.
● Agricultural Economics - is the Agriculture plays a significant role
study of the allocation, distribution, in the Philippine economy.
and utilization of the resources Involving about 40 percent of
used, along with the commodities Filipino workers, it contributes an
produced, by farming. It concerns average of 20 percent to the Gross
itself with the study of the Domestic Product. This output
production and consumption of comes mainly from agribusiness,
food in both developed and which in turn accounts for about 70
developing countries along with percent of the total agricultural
analysis of the policies that shape output (CIDA-LGSP, 2003).
the world’s largest country.
The main agricultural enterprise is
● Agricultural Engineering - is the crop cultivation. Others are chicken
area of engineering concerned with broiler production, including
the design, construction, and operation of chicken hatcheries
improvement of farming equipment (20.4 percent), agricultural services
and machinery. Agricultural (19.8 percent), and hog farming
engineers integrate technology with (18.4 percent) (NSO, 2002). Rice is
farming. an important agricultural crop today
in the Philippines and many
AGRICULTURE IN THE
countries throughout the world
PHILIPPINES
import rice and other products from
the Philippines.
Agriculture in the Philippines is an
important sector in the economy
The general trends in the last two
with crops like bananas, coconuts,
decades present a dim picture of
pineapples, rice and sugarcanes
the agriculture sector. Significant
are being mass-produced for
decrease in productivity, high
exportation but the challenge
production costs, and low
remains as it steadily running into
government support to the sector,
deficit amid growing population. As
among other things, have led to a
of 2022, the sector employs 24% of
crisis in Philippine agriculture
the Filipino workforce, and it
(CIDALGSP, 2003).
accounted for 8.9% of the total
GDP.
The Philippines is one of the most The neglect of the agriculture
vulnerable agricultural systems to sector and the uneven distribution
monsoons and other extreme of resources worsened the poverty
weather events, which are situation in rural areas. Only the
expected to create more remittances of migrant workers to
uncertainty as climate change their families have enabled the
effects the Philippines. However, latter to survive crippling poverty
the Food and Agriculture brought about by stagnant
Organization has described the agricultural productivity, stiff
competition from cheaper food deforestation and depleted fish
imports, and periodic droughts and stocks. We
floods that devastated crops and
Rural areas lag in economic
livelihoods.
growth and have higher rates of
More than half of the Philippines’ underemployment. This is partly
100 million people live in rural due to their lack of access to
areas, and more than a third of productive capital, knowledge and
them are poor. Agriculture is the technology, and to limited market
primary source of income for poor access. Rural poor people also
rural people, and the only source have few options for generating off-
for many of the poorest farm income and lack access to
households. Most of them depend affordable financial services.
on subsistence farming and fishing
for their livelihoods. Illiteracy,
unemployment, and the incidence PUTTING UP A PLANT
of poverty are generally higher NURSERY
among indigenous peoples and
those living in upland and coastal What is Nursery?
areas. - A nursery is a managed site,
Poverty levels vary substantially designed to produce seedlings
between regions and provinces, grown under favorable conditions
and the poverty gap between urban until they are ready for planting. All
and rural areas is widening. nurseries primarily aim to produce
Indigenous people living in highly sufficient quantities of high-quality
fragile and vulnerable ecosystems seedlings to satisfy the needs of
in the uplands and highlands of users.
Mindanao and the Cordilleras are - A nursery is a place where
among the poorest in the country, seedling, saplings, trees, shrubs,
along with farmers and fishers in and other plant materials are grown
disaster-prone coastal areas and and maintained until they are
areas affected by conflict on placed in a permanent place.
Mindanao Island.
- Nursery can be raised from
Overall, 25 per cent of people in seeds or through cuttings of stem
the Philippines are poor. The root or leaf, through budding,
incidence of poverty is much higher grafting, and layering.
among rural inhabitants (36 per
cent) compared to urban residents What is putting up plant
(13 per cent). Although the causes nursery?
of poverty in rural areas vary widely - Putting up a plant nursery
from island to island, common involves establishing a business or
drivers include a decline in a small-scale operation where
agricultural productivity, plants are propagated, grown, and
unprofitable smallholder farming sold. A plant nursery can specialize
operations and unsustainable in different types of plants, such as
practices, which have led to flowers, vegetables, herbs, trees,
 shrubs, or succulents, among • Labor: You will need a skilled and
others. knowledgeable workforce to run your
plant nursery efficiently, including
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN
propagating and caring for plants,
PUTTING UP A PLANT NURSERY
sales, and customer service.
• Legal requirements: Ensure you
What are the factors that you have to
have all the necessary permits,
consider when putting up a plant
licenses, and insurance required by
nursery?
your state or local government.
• Financing: Starting a plant nursery
- When putting up a plant nursery,
requires significant financial
there are several factors that you
investment, including land,
should consider to ensure its success.
infrastructure, and plant stock. You will
need to consider the financing options
Here are some of the most important
available to you and plan accordingly.
factors:
PURPOSE OF PLANT NURSERY
• Location: A suitable location is
What is the purpose of plant nursery?
essential for the success of a plant
- The primary purpose of a plant
nursery. You need a place with good
nursery is to produce healthy and high-
soil, access to water, and suitable
quality plants for commercial or
climate conditions. Also, it should be
personal use. Plant nurseries serve a
easily accessible to potential
vital role in the agricultural industry by
customers.
providing a controlled environment for
the propagation, cultivation, and sale
• Market Demand: Understanding the
of plants.
market demand for plants in your area
is crucial for the success of your plant
Here are some specific purposes of a
nursery. You should research what
plant nursery:
types of plants are popular and in
demand in your area. • Propagation of Plants: Plant
• Business Plan: A well-thought-out nurseries are used to propagate new
business plan is necessary to guide plants from seeds or cuttings, allowing
your plant nursery operations, for a controlled environment to ensure
including financial projections, the healthy development of the new
marketing strategy, and growth plans. plants.
• Infrastructure: The infrastructure of
your plant nursery is also essential. • Growing and Cultivation: Plant
You need a greenhouse or shade nurseries grow and cultivate plants in
house to protect your plants from optimal conditions, providing the right
harsh weather conditions. Irrigation balance of nutrients, water, and light to
systems, potting benches, and storage ensure the health and vitality of the
facilities are also necessary. plants.
• Plant Stock: Acquiring high-quality • Plant Sales: Plant nurseries provide
plant stock from reputable suppliers is
a convenient and centralized location
important to produce healthy plants
for customers to purchase plants,
and maintain customer satisfaction.
whether for commercial or personal
use.
• Education and Research: Some plant
nurseries offer educational resources
and opportunities to learn about plant
cultivation, including workshops,
seminars, and online resources.
• Preservation of Plant Species: Some
plant nurseries specialize in the
propagation and cultivation of rare and
endangered plant species, playing a
crucial role in preserving biodiversity.
• Overall, plant nurseries serve an
essential role in the production of
healthy and highquality plants and
provide a valuable resource for plant
enthusiasts, gardeners, landscapers,
and commercial businesses.

PUTTING UP A NURSERY FOR

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
Putting up a Nursery for Ornamental
Plants
- Ornamental plants, also known as
decorative plants, are plants that are
grown primarily for their attractive
appearance rather than for their
economic or nutritional value. These
plants are used in gardens,
landscapes, and indoor settings to
enhance the visual appeal of a space.
Ornamental plants come in a wide
variety of shapes, sizes, colors, and
textures. They can be flowering plants,
foliage plants, or a combination of
both. Some examples of ornamental
plants include roses, lilies, ferns,
succulents, and ornamental grasses