1.

Prescription – parts, type of prescription and different prescription forms

(orders).

● Inscriptio: (details of physician)

● Praepositio: Rp./
● Prescriptio: (name of drug in Latin Genetivus with strength)
● Subscriptio: Directions for use

Type of prescription form Type of medicine

White -not causing addiction

(valid for 6 months) -up to 5 diff meds

Prescription form No 5 Fully or partially paid by national health insurance fund

-up to 3-11

Green prescription form Drugs with low abuse potential after chronic use
(valid for 7 days) -benzodiazepines, barbiturates
- up to 3-11

Yellow prescription form Drugs with high abuse potential, causing acute addiction
(valid for 7 days) -opioids
- up to 3-11

White prescription form with blue Expensive drugs paid from republican budget
band

2. Prescription – abbreviations, metric and other units.

 English Latin

Short Form Long Form

Give one package D. Scat No 1 Da Scatulam No 1

Give two packages D. Scat No 2 Da Scatulam No 2

Give of such doses D.t.d No 5 Da tales doses No 5

Give one flacon D. flac No 1 Da flacon No 1

Give one tube D. tub No 1 Da tubum No 1

In tablets/capsules In tab/cap In tabulettis/capsule

In ampoules In amp In ampullis

Mix to form powder M.f.pulv Miscle fiat pulvis

Mix. Give. M.D Miscle. Da

Mix give and label M.D.S Misce. Da Signa

All substances in equal quantities ââ Ana partes aequles

As much as needed q.s Quantum satis

Up to ad -
3. Pharmacopoeia.

English Short Latin

Tablet Tab./Tabul./tabl. Tabulettis

Film tablets Film tab. Film tabulettis

Enterosolvent tablets Tab. Enterosolv Tabulettis

enterosolventis

Modified release/slow release (MR/SR) Depot-tab. Depot-tabulettis

Effervescence tablets Tab.efferv Tabulettis

effervescentibus

Sublingual tablets Ling. Linguettis

Vaginal tablets (Pessary) Tab. Vagin Tabulettis vaginalis

 4. Types of Tablets. Prescribe: a.) Metamizole in tablets of 500 mg b) Glyceryl
trinitrate in sublingual tablets of 0.5 mg c) Metronidazole in vaginal tablets of
500 mg.

a) Metamizole in tablets of 500 mg

RP. Metamizoli 500mg
/
Da Scatulam No 1 in tabulettis

S. Take one 3 times daily

b) Glyceryl trinitrate in sublingual tablets of 0.5 mg

RP. Glyceryli trinitrati 0.5mg
/
D. Scat No 1 linguettis

S. Place one tablet under the tongue when you feel pain

#
c) Metronidazole in vaginal tablets of 500 mg.
RP. Metronidazoli 500g
/
Da scatalm No 1 in tabulletis vaginalis

S. Insert one tablet in the vagina every night

5. Types of tablets. Prescribe: a.) Ciprofloxacin in film-coated tablets of 500 mg;

b.) Acetylsalicylic acid (Acidum acetylsalicylicum) in effervescent tablets of
324 mg; c) Pantoprazole in entero solvent tablets of 20 mg.

a) Ciprofloxacin in film-coated tablets of 500 mg

RP. Ciprofloxacini 500mg
/
D. Scat No 1 in film tabulittis

S. Take one every 12 hours for 7 days

b) Acetylsalicylic acid (Acidum acetylsalicylicum) in effervescent tablets of 324 mg

RP. Acidi acetylsalicyliclicum 324mg
/
D. scat No 1 in tabullettis effervescentibus

S. Take one tablet dissolved in 150-200 ml H2O three times daily after meals

c) Pantoprazole in entero solvent tablets of 20 mg.

RP. Pantoprazole 20mg
/
D. scat No 1 in tabulettis enterosolventis

S. Take 2 tablets every morning before breakfast

#
 6. Types of tablets. Prescribe: a) Verapamil in slow release tablets of 240 mg; b)
Dipyridamole in dragees of 25 mg

a) Verapamil in slow release tablets of 240 mg

RP. Verapamili 240mg
/
Da scat No 1 depot tabulettis

S. Take 1 tablet daily in the morning

b) Dipyridamole in dragees of 25 mg
RP. Dipyridamoli 25mg
/
Da scat No 1 in drag

S. Take one drag 3 times daily

7. Types of capsules. Prescribe: Doxycycline in capsules of 100 mg

RP. Doxycycline 100mg

/
Da scatulum No 1 in capsulis

S. Take one capsule, every 12 hours for the first day, from day 2, take one capsule
daily for 7 days

#
 8. Types of powders. Prescribe as powder for oral application: a.) 50 g Sodium
bicarbonate (Natrii hydrocarbons); b) Caffeine (Coffeinum Natrii benzoas) 50
mg and metamizole 500 mg (20 powders).

Types of powders:
● Simple (one active ingredient)
● Complex (multiple active ingredients)

Or
● Divided
● Non-divided

a) 50 g Sodium bicarbonate (Natrii hydrocarbons)

RP. Pulveris Natrii hydrecarbonatis 50g
/
Da scat No1 in pulv

S. Take ½ teaspoon diluted in cup of water three times daily

b) Caffeine (Coffeinum Natrii benzoas) 50 mg and metamizole 500 mg (20 powders).

RP. Coffeini Natrii benzoatis 50mg
/ Metamizoli 500mg

Misce fiat pulvis. Da tales doses No 20

S. Take 1 powder 3 times daily

9. Types of powders. Prescribe: a) 20 magistral powders for oral application,

containing 10 mg Codeini phosphas; b) Sulfathiazole in the form of officinal
dermal powder in vials of 10 g.

a) 20 magistral powders for oral application, containing 10 mg Codeini phosphas;

RP. Codeini phosphatis 10mg
/ Sacchari lactatis 300mg

m.f. Pulvis da tales doses No 20

S. Take 1 powder 3 times daily

b) Sulfathiazole in the form of officinal dermal powder in vials of 10 g.

RP./ Pulvenis dermatici sulfathiazoli 10g

Da flacon No 1

S. Apply to the affected areas 2-3 times daily

10. Sachets and speciei: a) prescribe Diosmectite 3 g in the form of powder in

sachets; b) Prescribe species containing flowers of teil tree and chamomile
and stalks of thyme 30 g each. Label: 1 tablespoon of the crude drug is
covered by 300 ml boiling water. After the preparation cools down and gargle
is made three times daily.

a) prescribe Diosmectite 3 g in the form of powder in sachets

RP. Diosmectiti 3g
/ D. Scat No 1 in sachets

S. Take one sachet, dissolved in 300ml water 3 times daily

b) Prescribe species containing flowers of teil tree and chamomile and stalks of thyme 30 g
RP./ Fl. Tiliae
Fl. Chamomillae
Hb. Thymi ȃȃ

Mice da signa (M.D.S)

S. Put one tablespoon of mix in 300ml water. After the preparation cools down
gargle three times daily

11. Types of ointment. Prescribe a) 3.5 g Tobramycin in the form of officinal eye
ointment; b) 30 g magistral ointment, containing 2 g Acidum salicylicum and 4
g Acidum benzoicum, used for treatment of mycoses

a) ) 3.5 g Tobramycin in the form of officinal eye ointment;

RP./ Tobramycini 3.5g

Da tubam No 1

S. Apply in infected eye 2-3 times daily

#
 b) 30 g magistral ointment, containing 2 g Acidum salicylicum and 4 g Acidum
benzoicum, used for treatment of mycoses
RP./ Acidi salicyli 2g
Acidi benzoili 4g
Vaselini albi ad 30g

M.F. Unguentum

S. For external use onto affected area

12. Creme and gel. Prescribe: a) Terbinafine 1% 15 g in the form of officinal cream
in a tube; b) diclofenac in the form of gel 5% 50 g in tube.

a) Terbinafine 1% 15 g in the form of officinal cream in a tube;

RP./ Creme Terbinafinei 15g

Da tubum No 1

S. Apply daily for a week

b) diclofenac in the form of gel 5% 50 g in tube

RP./ Geli diclofenaci 5% 50g

Da tubam No 1
 S.rub twice daily on affected area

13. Suppositories. Prescribe one box of officinal suppositories: a) Paracetamol of

150 mg for children of age between six months and three years; b) Doloproct ®
(contains fluocortolone and lidocaine)

a) Paracetamol of 150 mg for children of age between six months and three years
RP. Suppositorii paracetamoli 150mg
/
Da scatulum No 1

S.Insert in rectum 1-3 times daily

b) Doloproct ® (contains fluocortolone and lidocaine)

RP. Suppositori Doloprocti
/
Da scatulum No 1

S. Insert in rectum 1-3 times daily

14. Transdermal therapeutic system. Prescribe on a yellow prescription form 10

plasters, releasing 50 mcg/h of fentanyl

RP. Fentanili 50 micrograms/h

/
Da Tales doses No 10 in TTS

S.Stick one patch on chest for 72 hours, choose a different skin site to apply each
new patch.

On yellow prescription form

#
 15. Solutions. Prescribe: a) 4% 150 ml Sodium citrate as a solution for oral
application in both short and non-short form (Label: 1 soup spoon 3-4 times
daily); b) 5% 100 g alcoholic solution of ~Iodine (Solution Iodi spirituosa) for
treatment of the operating area

a) 4% 150 ml Sodium citrate as a solution for oral applicatio

Short form
RP. Solutionis Natrii citratis 4% 150ml
/
Da flac No 1

S. Take one tablespoon 3 times daily

Long form
RP. Natrii Citratis 6g
/ Aquae Mentae ad 150g

M.D.S

S. Take one tablespoon 3 times daily

a) 5% 100 g alcoholic solution of ~Iodine (Solution Iodi spirituosa) for treatment

of the operating area
RP. Solutions iodi spiritaosae 5% 100g
/
Da flacon No 1
 S. For treatment of operating areas

16. Mixtures. Prescribe 1 vial of 140 ml Tussinol ®. Label: 1 soup spoon 3 times
daily.

RP. Sirupi Tussiroli 140ml

/
Da falcon No 1

S. 1 tablespoon 3 times daily

17. Drops. Prescribe: a) 20 g Tinctura Valerianae; b). Solution Xylometazoline 0.1%

in vial of 10 ml

a) 20 g Tinctura Valerianae;
RP. Tincturae valerianae 20g
/
Da flacon No 1

S. Take 20 drops 3 times daily

b) Solution Xylometazoline 0.1% in vial of 10 ml

RP. Solutionis xylometazolini 0.1% 10ml
/
Da flacon No 1

S. Put 2 drops in each nostril 3 times daily for five days

#
 18. Suspension. Prescribe one vial amoxicillin in granules to prepare a suspension
(250 mg/5 ml - 60 ml) for a child with 12 kg body weight (The daily dose is 50
mg/kg divided into 3 equal doses)

RP. Granulorum amoxicilini 250mg/5ml - 60ml

/
Da flacon No 1

S. Take 4ml every 8 hours for 5 days

19. Infusum and decoctum. Prescribe decoctum from the leaves of Bear grape
(10g/200g).

RP. Decocti foliorum uvae ursi 10g/200g

/
D.S

S. Take one tablespoon 3 times daily

20. Liquid drug forms for injections. Prescribe: a) 4 ampoules Pethidine (5% 2 ml);
b) one vial Fentanyl 0.005% 10 ml. Calculate the dose of each drug present in 2
ml water solution; c) ten dry ampoules of 40 mg methylprednisolone.
 a) 4 ampoules Pethidine (5% 2 ml)
RP. Solutionis pethidini 5% 2ml
/
Da Tales Doses No 4 in ampulis

S. 1 ampoule intramusculary every 4-6 hours

b) one vial Fentanyl 0.005% 10 ml

RP. Soluitonis Fentanyli 0.005%
/
Da flacon No1

S. 1 vial for intramuscular injection on yellow prescription form

c) ten dry ampoules of 40 mg methylprednisolone.

RP. Pulv. methylprednisoloni 40mg
/
Da tales doses No 10 in ampullis

S. 40mg intramuscularly dissolved in saline before

21. Air form formulations. Prescribe: a)1 vial Fluticasone as official nasal spray
containing 120 doses of 50 micrograms; b) officinal spray Salbutamol which
contains at least 200 single doses (0.1 mg/dose) for inhalation in the mouth.

a) 1 vial Fluticasone as official nasal spray containing 120 doses of 50 micrograms

RP. Fluticasone nasal spray 50 micrograms
/
Da flacon No1

S. Spray one time daily in each nostril

#
 b) officinal spray Salbutamol which contains at least 200 single doses
RP. Salbutamol inhaler 100 micrograms
/
Da flacon No1

S. Inhale 1-4 times daily in case of bronchospasm/acute asthma episodes

22. Calculate Vd (volume of distribution) of Propranolol having in mind that after

single oral dose of 30 mg its steady-state plasma concentration is 100 ng/ml

Vd = Dose/Plasma concentration

= 30mg/100ng/ml = 30000000 ng/100ng/ml = 30,000/1 ml = 300L = High Vd

High Vd = good as drug distributes to the tissues well

23. Calculate the loading dose of Lidocaine, which should to be applied as a

stream venous infusion within a period of 2 min to a patient with ventricular
tachycardia and body weight 70 kg, having in mind that the volume of
distribution of drug is 0,5 l/kg, and its steady-state plasma concentration is 2
mg/l.

0.5 x 70 = 35L therefore 35 = x/2 therefore x = 2 x 35 = 70mg

Loading dose = 70mg

24. Gentamicin has plasma half-life 2 hrs and the dosage interval is 8 hrs in
patients with normal kidney function. Calculate adjusted dosage interval in a
patient with renal failure same as and prolongation of drug plasma half-life to
15 hrs.

Normal half life = 2 hours with dosage interval of 8 hours. If you increase half life to 15
hours, that is a 7.5 x increase, therefore we must increase dosage interval by 7.5.
7.5 x 8 = 60 hours

25. Prescribe muscarinic agonist with direct action as eye drops of 2% 10 ml

(Atropine, Timolol, Pilocarpine).

Not Atropine - M-Cholinolytic spasmolytic

Not Timolol - non-selective 1st generation beta blocker in opthalmology and cardiology

Pilocarpine – direct acting cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent which acts through

direct stimulation of muscarinic receptors and smooth muscle such as the iris and secretory
glands.
RP. Sol. Pilocarpine 2% 10ml
/
Da flacon No1

S. Put 1-2 drops in each eye 2-3 times per day

26. Prescribe bulgarian preparation from the group of reversible blocker of

cholinesterase in ampoules for subcutaneous injection (Carbachol,
Galantamine, Atropine).

Not Carbachol - non-selective cholinergic agonist with direct effect

Not Atropine - M-cholinolytic not anticholinesterase
Galantamine - parasympathomimetic, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor
RP. Sol. Galanthamine 0.5% 1ml (or 0.25% or 1%)
/
D.t.d. No. 20 in amp

S. Inject 1ml subcut. 1 per day (for 3 weeks)

27. Prescribe muscarinic antagonist from natural origin in ampoules of 1 mg/1ml

(Pyridostigmine, Atropine, Butylscopolamine).

Not Pyridostigmine - synthetic reversible anticholinesterase (blocker of cholinesterase)

Not Butylscopolamine - M-antagonist BUT semi-synthetic derivative of scopolamine

Atropine - inhibits the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by

postganglionic cholinergic nerves, and on smooth muscles, which respond to endogenous
acetylcholine but are not so innervated.
RP. Sol. Atropini sulphate 1mg/ml
/
D.t.d No. 10 in amp

S. Inject 1ml intramuscularly (IM) 1 per day

28. Prescribe three ampoules of neuromuscular blocker with depolarizing type of

action as a solution of 10 mg/ml - 5 ml for application in a patient with body
weight 70 kg. (Tubocurarine, Galantamine, Suxamethonium). The daily dose is
0.5 mg/kg/ Explain the possible adverse reactions.
Not Galatamine - reversible cholinesterase blocker

Not Tubocurarine - toxic alkaloid used for arrow poison

Suxamethonium - Neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) act at several sites at the

neuromuscular junction, but their main effects are as agonists and antagonists at
postjunctional nicotinic receptors

Daily dose = 0.5mg/kg/24hrs (patient =70kg)

● 0.5 x 70 = 35mg
In 5ml vial = 50mg drug - 50/35 = 1.43 ml
RP. Sol. Suxamethonii 10mg/ml - 5ml
/
D.t.d. No. 3 in amp

S. inject 1.43 ml intravenously (IV)

29. Prescribe one vial of dosed nasal spray 0.05% 15 ml containing alfa-
adrenomimetic with 10-12 hours activity (Pilocarpine, Oxymetazoline,
Salbutamol).

Not Pilocarpine - M-agonist used for eye drops

Not Salbutamol - Fast acting beta agonist with short effect

Oxymetazoline - adrenergic alpha-agonists, direct acting sympathomimetic used as a

vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion

RP. Sol. Oxymetazolini 0.05% 15ml

/
D.t.d. No. 1 in amp

S. Apply in each nostril 2 times per day

30. Prescribe adrenomimetic, activating alpha-, beta 1- and beta2-adrenergic

receptors (Noradrenaline, Isoprenaline, Adrenaline).

Not Noradrenaline - direct alpha, direct a, b1 and b3 adrenomimetic BUT not b2

Not Isoprenaline - Non selective beta agonist
Adrenaline - action on alpha-adrenergic receptors ligands to either α1, α2 or β-adrenergic
receptors.
RP. Sol. Adrenalini 1ml/ml
/
D.t.d. No 5 in amp
 S. Inject subcut

31. Prescribe in tablets of 2 mg an antiasthmatic drug, inducing least frequently

heart tachyarrhythmias (Isoprenaline, Salbutamol, Metoprolol).

Not Isoprenaline - non-selective beta agonist (Adrenomimetic)

Not metoprolol - beta 1 antagonist

Salbutamol - beta(2)-adrenergic agonist and thus it stimulates beta(2)-adrenergic receptors.

Binding of albuterol to beta(2)-receptors in the lungs results in relaxation of bronchial smooth
muscles.
RP. Salbutamol 2mg
/
D. scat No. 1 in in tab

S. 1 tab 3 times per day

32. Prescribe selective beta1-adrenergic blocking agent in tablets of 50 mg

(Dobutamine, Bisoprolol, Propranolol).

Not propanolol - non-selective beta blocer

Not Dobutamine - beta1 agonist used in treatment of heart failure and cardiogenic shock

Bisoprolol - beta1-selective (cardioselective) adrenoceptor blocking agent without

significant membrane stabilizing activity or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity in its
therapeutic dosage range.
RP. Bisoprolol 5mg
/
D. Scat. No. 1 in tab

S. 1 tab. 1 per day

#
 33. Prescribe highly selective beta1-adrenergic blocking agent in tablets of 5 mg
which also releases nitrogen (Nebivolol, Carvedilol, Atenolol).

Not Carvedilol - nonselective beta blocker

Not Atenolol - beta 2 selective but does not release NO

Nebivolol - selective beta 1-adrenergic blocking agent,

RP. Nebivolol 5mg
/
D. scat. No. 1 in tab

S. 1 tab. 1 per day

34. Prescribe a drug effective in hypertensive crisis, which activates mainly central
alpha2-adrenergic receptor, in tablets of 0.15 mg (Reserpine, Nebivolol,
Clonidine)

Not Nebivolol - cardio selective beta 1 blocker that release NO

Not Reserpine - irreversibly blocks vesicular monoamine transporter

Clonidine - stimulates alpha-adrenoreceptors in the brain stem. This action results in

reduced sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system and in decreases in peripheral
resistance, renal vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure.
RP. Clonidini 0.15mg
/
D. scat. No 1 in tab

S. 1 tab. 3 times per day

#
 35. Prescribe an antihypertensive drug which is selective alpha1-adrenergic
antagonist in tablets of 1 mg (Midodrine, Clonidine, Prazosin)

Not Clonidine - alpha 2 agonist

Not Midodrine - alpha 1 agonist

Prazosin - alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist and the basis for its use in the treatment of
essential hypertension
RP. Prazosin 1 mg
/
D. Scat. No. 1 in tab

S. start with ½ tab once per day in the evening

36. Prescribe a selective alpha 1A blocker in capsules of 0.4 mg which is used in

adult male patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate gland (tamsulosin,
prazosin, propranolol)

Not propranolol - non-selective beta blocker (first gen)

Not Prazosin - alpha 2 antagonist used in hypertension

Tamsulosin - alpha1 adrenoceptor blocking agent, exhibits selectivity for alpha1 receptors
in the human prostate
RP. Tamsulosini 0.4mg
/
D.scat No.1 in tab

S. 1 tab. 1 per day

37. Prescribe H1 - receptor blocker from third generation in the form of

orodispersible tablets of 5 mg (cetirizine, desloratadine, ranitidine)
Not Ranitidine - H2 blocker suppressing gastric secretion

Not Cetirizine - 2nd Gen H1 blocker

Desloratadine - anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drug. Is a highly selective peripheral H1

receptor antagonist.
RP. Desloratidini 5mg
/
D. scat. No. 1 in tab

S. 1 tab. 1 per day

38. Prescribe in ampoules of 1% 10 ml synthetic local anaesthetic, also used in

ventricular tachycardia (Procaine, Amiodarone, Lidocaine)

Not Procaine - LA but used to reduce pain of IM injection of penicillin in dentistry

Not Amidarone - non-selective antiarrhythmic agent used to treat arrhythmias

Lidocaine - slows down the depolarization of the nerve cell membrane. This effect is based
on the interaction with a specific receptor site in the sodium channel.
RP. Sol. Lidocaine 10% 10ml
/
D.t.d. No.10 in amp

S. inject subcut

39. Prescribe on a green prescription form benzodiazepine hypnotic drug in

tablets of 5 mg (Phenobarbital, Zolpidem, Nitrazepam).

Not phenobarbital - barbiturate

Not Zolpidem - euphonik with BZD mechanism but different chemical structure

Nitrazepam - hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class used for short-term relief from
severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia
GREEN PRESCRIPTION
RP. Nitrazepami 5mg
/
D. scat. No. 1 in tab

S. 1 tab 30 minutes before sleep, 2-3 times per week

40. Prescribe drops for oral application, containing tinctures, prepared from
Peppermint (Mentha piperita), Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), and Valerian
(Valeriana officinalis), each in a dose of 5 g. Label: 3 x 20 drops daily.

RP. T-rae Mentahe

/ T-rae Valerianae
T-rae Craetegi

M.D.S 20 drops

S. up to 3 times per day

41. Prescribe drug from hydantoin group of compounds with antiepileptic and
antiarrhythmic activity in tablets of 100 mg (Phenobarbital, Ethosuximide,
Phenytoin)

Not Phenobarbital - hypnotic and antieplpetic

Not Ethosuximide - not from hydantoin group of compounds and for petit mal

Phenytoin - Protect against seizures by causing voltage-dependent block of voltage gated

sodium channels. This blocks sustained high frequency repetitive firing of action potentials.
RP. Phenytoini 100mg
/
D. scat. No. 1 in tab
 S. 1 tab. 1-3 times per day

42. Prescribe a drug on a green prescription form for intramuscular application,

used in grand mal in the form of ampoules of 10% 1 ml (Carbamazepine,
Sodium valproate, Phenobarbital).

Not Carbamazepine - for petit mal or myotonic seizures

Not Sodium valproate - route of administration oral and IV only

Phenobarbital - acts on GABAA receptors, increasing synaptic inhibition.

GREEN PRESCRIPTION
RP. Sol. Phenobarbitali 10% 1ml
/
D.t.d. No. 10 in amp

S. Inject IM

43. Prescribe benzodiazepine anxiolytic on green prescription form in ampoules,

used in status epilepticus (Bromazepam, Diazepam, Flumazenil).

Not Bromazepam - BZD anxiolytic but not for status epilepticus

Not Flumazenil - competitive antagonist of BZDs and Z groups of drugs

Diazepam - a benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and

amnesic properties and a long duration of action

GREEN PRESCRIPTION
RP. Sol. Diazepami 10mg/2ml
/
D.t.d No 3 in amp

S. inject IM in case of status epilepticus

#
 44. Prescribe an antiepileptic drug in capsules of 150 mg, also effective in
postherpetic neuralgia (Topiramate, Pregabalin, Levetiracetam)

Not Topimerate - antiepileptic also affective in migraines

Levetiracetam - antiepileptic but not effective in postherpetic neuralgia
Pregabalin - GABAergic anticonvulsant and depressant of the central nervous system
RP. Pregabalini 150mg
/
D.Sact No. 1 in capsulis

S. Take 2 capsues daily

45. Prescribe in tablets a combined antiparkinsonian drug, containing 200 mg

levodopa, 50 mg carbidopa and 200 mg entacapone

RP. Stalevo
/
D. Scat No.1 in tab

S. take one tablet 3 times per day

46. Prescribe a butyrophenone neuroleptic in ampoules of 5 mg/1ml, suitable for

patients with excited psychotic state (Risperidone, Chlorpromazine,
Haloperidol)

Not respiridone - Atypical neuoleptic - injected 2 times monthy, slow release

Chlorpromazine - phenothiazine group of neuroleptics
Haloperidol - antagonistic activity on dopamine D2-receptors in the central nervous system
RP./ Haloperidoli 5mg/1mg

D.t.d No.1 in amp

S. Inject I.V (or I.M)

47. Prescribe on a green prescription form benzodiazepine anxiolytic with weak

hypnotic effect in tablets of 10 mg (Midazolam, Medazepam, Hydroxyzine)
Midazolam - BZD with hypnotic effect
Hydroxyzine - 1st generation antihistmine/H1 blocker
Medazepam - increase the inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex by allosteric
modulation of the GABA receptor.

RP. Medazepami 10mg

/
D. Scat No.1 in tab

S. take one table 3 times per day

48. Prescribe in capsules of 20 mg antidepressant which inhibits selectively

neuronal uptake of serotonin (Fluoxetine, Moclobemide, Imipramine)

Maclobemide - selective MAO-A inhibitor

Imipramine - Tricyclic antidepressant
Fluoxetine - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and does not appreciably inhibit
norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake at therapeutic doses.
RP. Fluoxetini 20 mg
/
D.Scat No1 in capsules

S. Take one capsule per day

49. Prescribe nootropic drug in film-tablets of 800 mg (Flunarizine, Fluoxetine,

Piracetam).

Flunarizine - prophylaxis of migranes/migrane prevention

Fluoxetine - SSRI (antidepressent)
Piracetam - derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
RP. Piracetami 800mg
/
D. Scat No.1 in Film tab.

S. take one table 2-3 times per day

#
 50. Prescribe in ampoules of 5% 2 ml an analgesic on yellow prescription form
(Metamizole, Diclofenac, Pethidine).
Metamizole – inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones
Diclofenac – Phenylacetic acid derivative, inhibits the prostaglandin biosynthesis
Pethidine - synthetic opioid pain medication of the phenylpiperidine class
RP. Pethidine 5% 2 ml
/
D.t.d No 10 in amp

S. one amp intramuscularly

Yellow prescription

51. Prescribe in tablets of 500 mg a non-narcotic analgesic from the aniline group,
used for treatment of headache (Acetylsalicylic acid, Paracetamol, Celecoxib)

Acetylsalicylic acid - Derivative of Salicylic Acid

Paracetamol - Non-narcotic analgesic derivative of anitire group
Celecoxib - Derivative of Indoleacetic
RP. Paracetamol 500 mg
/
Da scat No 1 in tabs

S. one tablet up to 3 times a day

52. Prescribe a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug from the derivatives of

propionic acid in the form of film- tablets of 400 mg (Ibuprofen, Nimesulide,
Diclofenac)

Nimesulide – COX-2 selective,

Diclofenac - phenylacetic acid derivative, inhibits the prostaglandin biosynthesis.
Ibuprofen - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug reversible inhibition of the cyclooxygenase
enzymes COX-1 and COX-2
RP. Ibuprofen 400mg
/
Da scat No 10 in tab

S. one tablet daily

#
 53. Prescribe 5 ampoules containing solution of cardiac glycoside 0.25 mg/ml for
intravenous application (Dobutamine, Digoxin, Methyldigoxin)

Dobutamine – direct selective beta 1 adrenomimetic

Methyldigoxin – cardiac glycoside only tab
Digoxin - inhibiting the Na+/K+-ATPase, cardiac glycosides cause intracellular sodium
concentration to increase.
RP. Digoxin 0.25mg/ml
/
D.t.d No. 5 in amp

S. intravenously

54. Prescribe in tablets an antiplatelet drug, which inhibits synthesis of

thromboxane A2 (Dabigatran, Acetylsalicylic acid, Clopidogrel)

Dabigatran- competitive, and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, inhibiting both thrombin activity
and generation.

Clopidrogrel – Selectively inhibits the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet
P2Y12 receptor and the subsequent ADP-mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa
complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation

Acetylsalicylic acid - inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial
and venous thrombosis.
RP. Acetylsalicylic acid 100mg
/
D. Scat. No. 1 in tablets

S. 1 tablet daily

#
 55. Prescribe in vials a coronary dilator for the treatment of anginal attack and
hypertensive crisis in the form of dosed oromucosal spray containing 300
single doses of 1.25 micrograms (Nifedipine, Isosorbide dinitrate, Enalapril).

Nifedipine – inhibits the influx of calcium ions into cardiac and vascular muscle cells.
Enalapril - Inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that transforms the inactive
angiotensin I into biologically active angiotensin II
Isosorbide dinitrate - Organic nitrate with vasodilator activity.
RP. Isosorbide dinitrate 1.25 micrograms
/
Da flac No. 1 in oromucosal spray

S. for inhalation

56. Prescribe in tablets of 120 mg antiarrhythmic drug from the class of calcium
antagonists (Adenosine, Ivabradine, Verapamil).

Adenosine - Vascular smooth muscle relaxation, which leads to vasodilation

Ivabradine - acts by reducing the heart rate via specific inhibition of the funny current, a
mechanism different from that of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
Verapamil - inhibits the slow entry of calcium ions into the cell.
RP. Verapamil 120mg
/
D. Scat. No. 1 in tablets

S. 1 tablet daily

57. Prescribe antihypertensive drug in tablets of 40 mg, which is a nonselective

beta-adrenergic blocker with membrane stabilizing activity (Metoprolol,
Atenolol, Propranolol).

Metoprolol – a cardioselective β1-adrenergic blocking agent used for acute myocardial

infarction (MI), heart failure, angina pectoris and mild to moderate hypertension
Atenolol - a beta-selective (cardioselective) adrenoceptor blocking drug without partial
agonist or membrane stabilising activity.

Propranolol - non-selective beta blocker; that is, it blocks the action of epinephrine
(adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) at both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors

RP. Propranolol 40mg

/
D. Scat. No. 1 in tablets

S. 1 tablet 3 times a day

58. Prescribe antihypertensive drug tablets of 10 mg, blocking angiotensin-1-

convertase (Amlodipine, Enalapril, Losartan)

Amlodipine – Calcium antagonist (calcium ion antagonist or slow-channel blocker) that

inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac
muscle.

Losartan - lower blood pressure by antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

(RAAS); they compete with angiotensin II for binding to the type-1 angiotensin II receptor
(AT1) subtype and prevents the blood pressure increasing effects of angiotensin II.

Enalapril - Inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that transforms the inactive
angiotensin I into biologically active angiotensin II.
RP. Enalapril 10mg
/
D. Scat. No. 1 in tablets

S. 1 tablet daily

59. Prescribe combined antihypertensive drug, containing 20 mg of enalapril and

12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide

RP. Co-renitec
/
D. Scat. No. 1 in tablets

S. 1 tablet daily

#
 60. Prescribe calcium antagonist, improving brain circulation in tablets of 30 mg
(Naftidrofuryl, Alprostadil, Nimodipine)

Naftidrofuryl - serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonist,

Alprostadil - Prostaglandin Receptor Agonist

Nimodipine - inhibits 45Ca uptake into vascular smooth muscle and neuronal cells
RP. Nimodipine 30mg
/
D. Scat. No. 1 in tab

S. 1 tablet 3 times a day

61. Prescribe in film-coated tablets of 50 mg a selective agonist of 5- HT1D

receptors used for treatment of migraine (Ergotamine, Sodium valproate,
Sumatriptan).

Ergotamine - anti-migraine effect is due to constriction of the intracranial extracerebral

blood vessels through the 5-HT1B receptor, and by inhibiting trigeminal neurotransmission by
5-HT1D receptors

Sodium valproate - blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels and increased brain levels
of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Sumatripta - antimigraine drug, is a selective agonist of vascular serotonin ((5-

hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) type 1-like receptors, likely the 5-HT1D and 5-HT1B subtypes.
RP. Sumatrptan 50mg
/
D. Scat. No. 1 in film tab

S. 1 tablet 3 times a day

#
 62. Prescribe in capsules of 300 mg a venotonic drug which is semisynthetic
derivative of rutin (Lioton1000, Detralex, Troxevasin)

Lioton1000 - active ingredient heparin, which belongs to the group of medicines known as
anti-coagulants
Detralex - venous and angioprotective properties.
Troxevasin - angioprotective drug with decongestant and anti-inflammatory used to treat
venous insufficiency, varicose veins, and others.
RP. Troxevasin 300mg
/
D. Scat. No. 1 in caps

S. 1 capsule 3 times a day

63. Prescribe in tablets of 100 mg a saluretic drug with long lasting effects
(Hydrochlorothiazide, Torsemide, Chlorthalidone).

Hydrochlorothiazide - inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the
kidneys.
Torsemide - pyridine-sulfonylurea type loop diuretic mainly used in the management of
edema associated with congestive heart failure.
Chlorthalidone - sulfonamide derivative that acts in a similar fashion as thiazides. Its site of
action is in the distal ascending tubule stretch, where the active sodium reabsorption is
inhibited
RP. Chlorthalidone 100mg
/
D. Scat. No. 1 in tablets

S. 1 tablet daily

64. Prescribe in the form of a solution 20 mg/2ml 3 ampoules of loop diuretic

(Mannitol, Spironolactone, Furosemide).

Mannitol - osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally
Spironolactone - pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone
Furosemide - sulfonamide diuretic. Its effect is based on the inhibition of the reabsorption of
sodium and chloride in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
RP. Furosemids 20 mg/2ml
/ D.t.d No. 5 in amp

S. 1 ampoule intravenously

65. Prescribe in slow-release film-coated tablets of 325 mg a drug, containing iron

sulfate (Ferro-Gradumet ®, Epoetin alfa, Ferinject ®).

RP. Ferro-Gradumet 325 mg

/
D. Scat. No. 1 in tablets

S. 1 tablet 3 times a day

#
66. Prescribe vitamin for the treatment of megaloblastic anaemia in ampoules of
1000 micrograms (Iron sulfate, Cyanocobalamin, Phytonadione).

Iron sulfate - eplaces iron stores found in hemoglobin in red blood cells, myoglobin and
other heme enzymes in the body.
Cyanocobalamin – (Vit B12) chemically complex of all the vitamins.
Phytonadione - co-factor for gamma-glutamylcarboxylase
RP. Cyanocobalamin 1000 micrograms
/
D.t.d No. 5 in amp

S. for intramuscular injection

67. Prescribe anti anemia drug as solution in vials of 3000 UI/0.3 ml for a patient on
haemodialysis with chronic renal failure (Cyanocobalamin, Epoetin alfa,
Chloramphenicol).

Cyanocobalamin - (Vit B12) chemically complex of all the vitamins.

Epoetin alfa - injectable drug for treating anemia
Chloramphenicol - bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis.
RP. Epoetin alfa 3000 Ul/0.3ml
/
D.t.d No.5 in flac

S. subcutaneous injection

68. Prescribe colony-stimulating factor for granulocytes for subcutaneous

application in prefilled disposable syringes of 300 mcg/0.5 ml
(Chloramphenicol, Filgrastim, Cyclophosphamide).
Chloramphenicol - bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis
Filgrastim - human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) produced by recombinant
DNA technology.
Cyclophosphamide - alkylating agent that is one of the most efficacious
immunosuppressive drugs
RP. Filgrastim 300 mcg/0.5ml
/
D.t.d No. 5 in prefilled syringes

S. subcutaneous application

69. Prescribe electrolyte solution for intravenous infusion in vials of 500 ml

(Gelofusine, Intralipid, Hartmann’s solution)

Gelofusine - Volume expander that is used as a blood plasma replacement

Intralipid - Sterile fat emulsions for intravenous infusion
Hartmann’s solution - is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride,
and calcium chloride in water. It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who
have low blood volume or low blood pressure.
RP. Hartmann’s solution 500ml
/
Da flac No. 1

S. for intravenous application

70. Prescribe drug for local treatment with haemostatic and antiseptic activity
(Gelaspon, Solutio Hydrogen peroxide dilute, Fraxiparine)

Gelaspon - Gelatin absorbent spong

Solutio Hydrogen peroxide dilute - disinfectant use
Fraxiparine - Inhibition of factor Xa and a subsequent antithrombotic effect
RP. Solution Hydrogen Peroxide dilute 3%, 50ml
/
Da flac No. 1

S. for external use

#
 71. Prescribe anticoagulant in tablets of 4 mg (Heparin, Acenocoumarol,
Phytomenadione)

Heparin - inactivating thrombin and activated factor X

Acenocoumarol - is a coumarin derivative used as an anticoagulant.
Phytomenadione - antagonizes the actions of warfarin
RP. Acenocoumarol 4mg
/
D. Scat. No. 2 in tablets

S. 1 tablet daily

72. Prescribe 10 prefilled disposable syringes of 9500 IU/0.6 ml for subcutaneous

application which contain low molecular derivative of heparin (Rivaroxaban,
Nadroparin, Alteplase)

Rivaroxaban - inhibits both free Factor Xa and Factor Xa bound in the prothrombinase
complex
Nadroparin - low molecular weight heparin used to treat blood coagulation disorders.
Alteplase - binds to fibrin rich clots via the fibronectin finger-like domain and the Kringle 2
domain.
RP. Nadroparin 9500 IU/0.6ml
/
D.t.d No. 10 in prefilled syringes

S. subcutaneously

73. Prescribe mucolytic drug in effervescent tablets of 200 mg (Acetylcysteine,

Prenoxdiazine, Theophylline).

Acetylcysteine - exerts its mucolytic action through its free sulfhydryl group, which reduces
the disulfide bonds in the mucus matrix and lowers mucus viscosity.
Prenoxdiazine - cough suppressant, Antitussive
Theophylline - used in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
RP. Acetylcysteine 200mg
/
D. Scat No 1 in tabullettis effervescentibus

S. one tablet 3 times a day

#
 74. Prescribe antitussive drug in tablets of 100 mg, reducing receptor stimulation
in bronchial mucosa (Butamirate, Codeine, Prenoxdiazine).
Butamirate - control of cough in respiratory tract inflammation
Codeine - narcotic pain-reliever and cough suppressant
Prenoxdiazine - peripherally acting cough suppressant, Antitussive
RP. Prenoxdiazine 100mg
/
D. Scat No 1 in tab

S. one tablet 3 times a day

75. Prescribe antacid in chewing tablets of 500 mg (Ranitidine, Almagel,

Hydrotalcite).
Ranitidine - blocks the production of acid by acid-producing cells in the stomach
Almagel - Neutralizing the acid in the stomach
Hydrotalcite - antacid that is used in the treatment of dyspepsia
RP. Hydrotalcite 500mg
/
D. Scat No 1 in tab

S. 1-2 tablets 1 to 2 hours before meal

76. Prescribe one vial of 170 ml antacid, containing balanced gel of aluminium and
magnesium hydroxide and benzocaine for oral application

RP. Almageli 170ml

/
D.flac No 1

S. 1-2 teaspoon before meals

77. Prescribe in capsules of 20 mg antisecretory agent from the class of proton

pump inhibitors, used in peptic ulcer (Pirenzepine, Famotidine, Omeprazole).

Pirenzepine - muscarinic receptor antagonist and binds to the muscarinic acetylcholine

receptor
Famotidine - competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist
Omeprazole - selective and irreversible proton pump inhibitor
RP. Omeprazole 20mg
/
D. Scat No 1 in caps

S. one tablet once a day

 #

78. Prescribe in tablets 8 mg an antiemetic drug, which is a selective antagonist of

5-HT3-receptors (Domperidone, Metoclopramide, Ondansetron).

Domperidone - Specific blocker of dopamine receptor

Metoclopramide - inhibits gastric smooth muscle relaxation produced by dopamine,
therefore increasing cholinergic response of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle
Ondansetron - highly specific and selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
RP. Ondansetron 8mg
/
D. Scat No 1 in tab

S. one tablet 3 times a day

79. Prescribe in film-coated tablets of 5 mg synthetic purgative agent, acting

mainly on the large intestine with slow developing effect (Oleum Ricini,
Magnesium sulfate, Bisacodyl)

Oleum Ricini – laxative, used for constipation

Magnesium sulfate - calcium antagonist, its effect on vascular smooth muscle to promote
relaxation and vasodilation
Bisacodyl - stimulant laxative. It stimulates the muscles in the wall of the small intestine and
colon to generate a bowel movement.

RP. Bisacodyl 5mg

/
D. Scat No 1 in tab

S. one tablet in the evening

80. Prescribe in capsules of 2 mg antidiarrheal drug, which stimulates peripheral

opioid receptors (Diosmectite, Bisacodyl, Loperamide).
Diosmectite - reduces inflammation, modifies mucus rheologic properties, inhibits
mucolysis, and adsorbs bacteria, bacterial enterotoxins, viruses and other potentially
diarrheogenic substances.
Bisacodyl - stimulant laxative. It stimulates the muscles in the wall of the small intestine and
colon to generate a bowel movement.
Loperamide - calcium-channel blocking, calmodulin inhibition, and paracellular permeability.
The colon appears to be the main site ofaction of loperamide on gut motility and transit.
RP. Loperamide 2mg
/
D. Scat No 1 in caps

S. one capsule 3 times a day

81. Prescribe in capsules of 110 mg hepatoprotective drug, containing

bioflavonoids (Isoniazid, Silymarin, Essentiale forte N).
Isoniazid - prodrug and must be activated by bacterial catalase
Silymarin - hepatoprotective and regenerative actions
Essentiale forte N - Nutritional support in the management of damaged liver (due to chronic
liver disease, liver cirrhosis, fatty l.
RP. Silymarini 110mg
/
D. Dcat No 1 in caps

S. one capsule 3 times a day

82. Prescribe in tablets of 400 mg drug with selective spasmolytic activity on

extrahepatic bile ducts (Drotaverine, Hymecromone, Morphine)

Drotaverine - inhibits phosphodiesterases hydrolysing cAMP, thereby increasing cAMP

concentration, decreasing Ca uptake of the cells and changing the distribution of calcium
among the cells.

Hymecromone - Selective spasmolytic activity on extrahepatic bile ducts

Morphine – Opiate, potent pain reliever

RP. Hymecromone 400mg
/ D. Scat No 1 in tabs

S. one tablet 3 times a day for 10 days

83. Prescribe in film-coated tablets drug, containing 10,000 lipase units (Mezym
forte ®, Hymecromone, Famotidine).

Mezym forte ® - inhibitors of pancreatic enzymes are most essential in the treatment of
acute pancreatitis.

Hymecromone - drug used in bile therapy

Famotidine - competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist

RP. Mezym forte 10,000 UI
/
D. Scat No 1 in film-tab

S. one tablet 3 times a day at mealtimes

84. Prescribe vitamin in vials of 200,000 UI/10 ml for prophylaxis of rickets (Retinol,
Cholecalciferol, Tocopherol).

Retinol - natural form of vitamin A, topical retinol reduce the signs of aging skin
Cholecalciferol - mediated by the vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor which regulates
the synthesis of hundreds of enzymes
Tocopherol - Semi-synthetic "natural source" vitamin E esters
RP. Cholecalciferol
/ Sol. Vigantol oil 200 000 UI/10ml
Sol. Vitanini D 3200 000 UI/10ml

D. Flac No 1

S. one drop a day for adults

2 drops daily for premature babies
 #

85. Prescribe inhibitor of xanthine oxidase in tablets of 100 mg (Allopurinol,

Colchicine, Hydrochlorothiazide).

Allopurinol – Purine analog, inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

Colchicine - Inhibits mitosis by inhibiting microtubule polymerization.

Hydrochlorothiazide - thiazide diuretic

RP. Allopurinol 100 mg
/
D. Scat No 1 in tab

S. one tablet 3 times a day after meal

86. Prescribe drug for treatment of myxoedema in tablets of 50 microgram

(Propylthiouracil, Levothyroxine, Thiamazole)

Propylthiouracil - inhibits iodine and peroxidase from their normal interactions with
thyroglobulin to form T4 and T3.

Levothyroxine - used to treat an underactive thyroid

Thiamazole - Thyroid Hormone Synthesis Inhibitor

RP. Levothyroxine 50 micrograms
/
D. Scat No 1 in tab

S. take one tablet once a day

#
 87. Prescribe synthetic antithyroid drug in tablets of 5 mg (Betamethasone,
Triiodothyronine, Thiamazole)

Betamethasone - Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonist.

Triiodothyronine - Increases contractility independent of beta-adrenergic receptors or

stimulation of cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate

Thiamazole - Thyroid Hormone Synthesis Inhibitor

RP. Thiamazole 5 mg
/
D. Scat No 1 in tab

S. one tablet 3 times a day

88. Prescribe insulin with rapid onset, also suitable for treatment of hyperglycemic
coma

RP. Humulini R 100 UI/3 ml

/ Humulini 300 UI/3 ml

D.t.d No 5 in cartridges

S. injected subcutaneously 15-20 minutes before meals

89. Prescribe a biguanide antidiabetic drug in film-coated tablets of 1000 mg

(Metformin, Glibenclamide, Linagliptin)
Metformin - decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of
glucose
Glibenclamide – I antidiabetic drug, inhibits the ATP dependent potassium efflux from
pancreatic (islet) b-cells.
Linagliptin - inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4,
RP. Tab. Glibenclamidi 5mg
/
D. Scat No 1 film tabulittis

S. one tablet in the morning

#
 90. Prescribe fluorine-containing prednisolone drug in tablets of 0.5 mg
(Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Dexamethasone)

Hydrocortisone - relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations.

Prednisone - fluorinated glucocorticoids and derivatives:treatment of drug-induced allergic
reactions,
Dexamethasone - inhibits the adrenal cortex through feedback on the hypothalamus and
pituitary;

RP. Prednisone 0.5 mg

/
D. Scat No 2 in tab

S. week 1 – one tablet 4 times a day

Week 2 – one tablet 3 times a day
Week 3 – one tablet 2 times a day
Week 4 – one tablet once a day

91. Prescribe in dry ampoules glucocorticoid drug for treatment of anaphylactic

shock (Adrenaline, Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone)

Adrenaline - action on alpha-adrenergic receptors.

Prednisolone - glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids.
Methylprednisolone – Unbound glucocorticoids used to treat many
different inflammatory condition
RP. Methylprednisolone 40 mg
/
D.t.d No 5 in amp

S. inject intramusculary

92. Prescribe dermal ointment, containing fluocinolone and neomycin (Flucinar ®,

Miconazole, Flucinar N ® ).

Flucinar ® - treatment of various skin disorders

Miconazole - antifungal drug
Flucinar N ® - anti inflammatory
RP. Unguenti dermatici Flucinari 15 g N
/
Da flac No 1

S. apply to affected area of skin 2-3 times a day

93. Prescribe contraceptive drug for oral application (Estracomb ®, Logest ®,

Sildenafil).

Estracomb ® - provide continuous estrogen and sequential progestin therapy

Logest ® - contraceptive effect
Sildenafil – sexual stimulation
RP. Logest
/
Da scat No 1 in tab

S. one tablet a day for 21 days

94. Prescribe hormonal uterokinetic drug in ampoules of 5 UI/I ml (Oxytocin,

Salbutamol, Methylergonovine).

Oxytocin - nonapeptide hormone that has a central role in the regulation of parturition and
lactation

Salbutamol - stimulates β2 adrenergic receptors which are predominant receptors in

bronchial smooth muscle of the lung

Methylergonovine - acts directly on the smooth muscle of the uterus and increases the
tone, rate, and amplitude of rhythmic contractions through binding and the resultant
antagonism of the dopamine D1 receptor.
RP. Oxytocini 5 UI/ml
/
D.T.D No 5 in amp

S. venous infusion, dilute with 500ml 5% glucose.

95. Prescribe 5 ampoules containing 10 micrograms/2 ml drug suitable for acute

tocolysis (Estradiol, Methylergonovine, Hexoprenaline).

Estradiol - agonist of the estrogen receptor (ER), a nuclear steroid hormone receptor

Methylergonovine - acts directly on the smooth muscle of the uterus and increases the
tone, rate, and amplitude of rhythmic contractions through binding and the resultant
antagonism of the dopamine D1 receptor.
Hexoprenaline - stimulant of beta 2 adrenergic receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator,
antiasthmatic, and tocolytic agent.
RP. Hexoprenaline 10 micrograms/2 ml
/
D.T.D No 5 in amp

S. intravenously infusion
Dilute 2 ml (10 mcg) with 8 ml saline solution to produce 10 ml to be injected

96. Prescribe in tablets of 1,000,000 UI acid stable penicillin for a patient with
tonsillitis (Benzylpenicillin, Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Azithromycin)

Benzylpenicillin - acylates the active site of Bacillus stearothermophilus D-alanine

carboxypeptidase
Phenoxymethylpenicillin - exerts a bactericidal action against penicillin-sensitive
microorganisms during the stage of active multiplication. Treatment of bacterial infections.
Azithromycin - prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.
RP. Phenoxymethypenicillin (Ospeni) 1,000,000 UI
/
Da scat No 1 in tab

S. 1 every 36 hours

97. Prescribe 20 dyr vials of 1,000,000 UI containing antibiotic for parenteral

application for a patient with acute rheumatic attack (Aciclovir,
Benzylpenicillin, Moxifloxacin)

Aciclovir - antiviral drug that acts as a specific inhibitor of herpesvirus DNA polymerase.
Benzylpenicillin - acylates the active site of Bacillus stearothermophilus D-alanine
carboxypeptidase.
Moxifloxacin - broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria
RP. Benzylpenicillin 1,000,000 UI
/
D.T.D No 20 in dry vials

S. one vial every 6 hours intravenously

98. Prescribe a wide-spectrum aminopenicillin with high intestinal absorption for a

baby with a weight 9 kg (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Co-Trimoxazole).
RP. Amoxicillin 250 mg/5ml – 60 ml
/
Da flac No 1

S. DD every 6 hours
900/4 =225mg
Dd – 100mg/kg

99. Prescribe in film coated tablets of 1000 mg amoxicillin protected with

clavulanic acid for patient with mixed urinary infection (Augmentin, Tazocin,
Sulperazon).

Augmentin - Amoxicillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins within the bacterial cell wall and
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Tazocin - beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination with a broad spectrum of
antibacterial activity
Sulperazon - irreversible beta-lactamase inhibitor
RP. Augmentin 1000 mg
/
D. Scat No 1 in film tab

S. one tablet every 8 hours

100. Prescribe in vials of 1 g cephalosporin from third generation for i.m.

injection and considerable urinary and biliary excretion and long plasma
half0life (Cefepime, Imipenem, Ceftriaxone). For i.m. application 1 g from the
substance is dissolved in 4 ml 1% solution of lidocaine.

RP. Ceftriaxoni (Tercef) 1 g

/
Da flac No 1

S. 1 g per day intramuscularly, dissolved ex tempore with 2 ml 2% lidocaine.

101. Prescribe in ampoules of 80 mg/2ml aminoglycoside antibiotic for

treatment of gram-negative urinary infection (Spiramycin, Gentamicin,
Ciprofloxacin)

Spiramycin - 16-membered macrolide, inhibits translocation by binding to bacterial 50S

ribosomal subunits

Gentamicin - bactericidal antibiotic that works by irreversibly binding the 30S subunit of the
bacterial ribosome, interrupting protein synthesis.
Ciprofloxacin - broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class. It is active against
both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
RP. Sol. Gentamicin 80 mg/2 ml
/
D.T.D No 5 in amp

S. 2 ml Intramuscularly every 8 hours.

(Treatment begins after negative prick test)

102. Prescribe antibiotic without harmful effects for a pregnant women with
infection of upper respiratory tract (Doxycycline, Amikacin, Amoxicillin).

Doxycycline - inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit
Amikacin - semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin A.
Amoxicillin - bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria during the stage of active
multiplication. commonly used drug in this class of antibiotics
RP. Amoxicillin 500 mg
/
Da scat No 1 in tab

S. one tablet 3 times a day for 5 days

103. Prescribe in film-coated tablets of 500 mg a macrolide antibiotic, used in

the combined therapy of peptic ulcer (Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Cephalexin,
Clarithromycin).

Phenoxymethylpenicillin - exerts a bactericidal action against penicillin-sensitive

microorganisms during the stage of active multiplication
Cephalexin - acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis,
Clarithromycin – a macrolide that prevents bacteria by acting as a protein synthesis
inhibitor. It binds to 23S rRNA, a component of the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome
RP. Clarithromycin (Klacid I SR) 500 mg
/
Da scat No 1 in film tab

S. one tablet every 12 hours

#
 104. Prescribe in tablets of 500,000 UI an antimycotic antibiotic for oral
treatment of enteral candidiasis (Nystatin, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole).

Nystatin - binds to ergosterol, a major component of the fungal cell membrane.

Candida albicans does not develop resistance to nystatin.
Ketoconazole - interferes with the fungal synthesis of ergosterol, a constituent of fungal cell
membranes, as well as certain enzymes
Clotrimazole - inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal
cell membranes
RP. Nystatin 500,000 UI
/
Da Scat No 1in tabs

S. one tablet every 6 hours

105. Prescribe combined preparation, containing Sulfamethoxazole and

Trimethoprim (Tienam, Co-Trimoxazole, Rodogyl)

Tienam - inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins

Co-Trimoxazole - Sulfamethoxazole inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by

competing with PABA. Trimethoprim blocks production of tetrahydrofolic acid by inhibiting
the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase.

Rodogyl - metronidazole-spiramycin mixture.

RP. Co-Trimoxazole (Biseptoli) 480 mg
/
Da scat No 1 in tab

S. two tablets twice a day

#
 106. Prescribe in film-coated tablets of 500 mg fluoroquinolone for treatment
of adult patient with urinary infection (Augmentin, Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin)

Augmentin - bactericidal and works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

Ciprofloxacin - broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class.

Azithromycin - prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.
RP. Ciprofloxacin 500 mg
/
Da Scat No 1 in tab

S. two tablets twice a day

107. Prescribe an antituberculosis drug in tablets of 100 mg which is

hydrazide derivative of isonicotinic acid (Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Rifampicin).

Isoniazid - prodrug and must be activated by a bacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme

in Mycobacterium tuberculosis called KatG.
Ethambutol - inhibits arabinosyl transferases which is involved in cell wall biosynthesis.
Rifampicin - inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for DNA
transcription, synthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by interacting with the β subunit of
RNA polymerase (RNAP).
RP. Isoniazid (Rimicidi) 100 mg
/
Da scat No 1 in tab

S. three tablets per day

#
 108. Prescribe in capsules of 300 mg an antituberculosis antibiotic which is
also effect in infections caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Ethambutol).

Pyrazinamide - prodrug that stops the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Rifampicin - inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for DNA
transcription, synthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by interacting with the β subunit of
RNA polymerase (RNAP)
Ethambutol - inhibits arabinosyl transferases which is involved in cell wall biosynthesis
RP. Rifamipicin (Tubocini) 300 mg
/
Da scat No 1 in caps

S. one tablet daily in the morning, 30 min before eating

109. Prescribe an antitrichomonal drug in tablets of 500 mg which is applied

once orally (Tinidazole, Fluconazole, Miconazole)

Tinidazole - antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent. The nitro- group of tinidazole is reduced by

cell extracts of Trichomonas. Anti-parasitic drug used against protozoan infections

Fluconazole - Interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary to

convert lanosterol to ergosterol.

Miconazole - prevents fungal organisms from producing vital substances required for growth
and function
RP. Tinidazole (Fasigyni) 500 mg
/
Da scat No 1 in tab

S. adult dose 200 mg

Children dose 50-75 mg/kg

110. Prescribe in vials of 0.5% 100 ml antimicrobial agent, administered

intravenously for treatment of anaerobic infection (Metronidazole,
Ketoconazole, Aztreonam).

Metronidazole - exerts its antimicrobial effects inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting
the DNA of microbial cells.
Ketoconazole - interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme that is
necessary for the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol.

Aztreonam - inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall.

RP. Sol. Metronidazole 0.5% 100ml
/
Da flac No 1

S. one hour IV infusion, loading dose of 15mg/kg.

Intervals of 6 hours with infusion dose 7.5 mg/kg

111. Prescribe in tablets of 250 mg drug with haemato isotropic and

immunosuppressive effect for prophylaxis of all types of malaria (Zidovudine,
Doxycycline, Chloroquine).

Zidovudine - works by selectively inhibiting HIV's reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that the
virus uses to make a DNA copy of its RNA.

Doxycycline - inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit

Chloroquine - inhibit heme polymerase activity. This results in accumulation of free heme,
which is toxic to the parasites
RP. Chloroquine 250 mg
/
Da scat No 1 in tab

S. one tablet 3 times a day

112. Prescribe a nucleoside analogue in the form of 250 mg powder used to

prepare infusion solution, indicated for treatment of encephalitis, caused by
herpes simplex virus (Acyclovir, Indinavir, Oseltamivir).

Acyclovir - antiviral drug that acts as a specific inhibitor of herpesvirus DNA polymerase
Indinavir - HIV Protease Inhibitor
Oseltamivir - inhibits the neuraminidase enzyme, which is expressed on the viral surface
RP. Acyclovir (Zovirax) 250 mg
/
Da flac No 1

S. IV dose of 10 to 12.5 mg/kg/8 h. infusion last 1 hour and course of treatment 10 days

#
 113. Prescribe antiretroviral drug for treatment of AIDS in capsules of 100 mg
(Voriconazole, Zidovudine, Rimantadine).

Voriconazole - antifungal medication used to treat a number of fungal infections

Zidovudine - works by selectively inhibiting HIV's reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that the
virus uses to make a DNA copy of its RNA

Rimantadine - anti-viral drug that can prevent viruses in cells from multiplying.
RP. Zidovudine (Retroviri) 100 mg
/
Da scat No 1 in tab

S. one tablet 3 times a day

114. Prescribe combined drug in pastilles, containing 250 mg dequalinium

and 30 mg ascorbic acid, for disinfection of oral mucosa and throat (Efisol ®,
Trachisan ®, Chlorhexidine).

Efisol ® - works by both providing ascorbic acid and reversibly oxidizing to

dehydroascorbic acid in the body

Trachisan ® - for the treatment of inflammations in the oral and pharyngeal cavities and the
associated symptoms

Chlorhexidine - broad-spectrum biocide effective against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-

negative bacteria and fungi.
RP. Efisol
/
Da scat No 1 in pastille tab

S. one tablet a day

#
 115. Prescribe in tablets of 100 mg benzimidazole derivative for single
application of children above 2 years of age and adults with enterobiasis.
Label: 1 tablet as a single dose. In two weeks the dose is repeated
(Mebendazole, Metronidazole, Praziquantel).

Mebendazole - is a (synthetic) broad-spectrum anthelmintic.

Metronidazole - inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting the DNA of microbial cells

Praziquantel - increases the permeability of the membranes of schistosome cells towards

calcium ions.
RP. Mebendazole 100 mg
/
Da scat No 1 in tab

S. adults - 100 mg orally one time. This dose should be repeated in 2 weeks

Greater than or equal to 2 years: 100 mg orally one time. This dose should be repeated in
2 weeks.

116. Prescribe in tablets of 50 mg alkylating antineoplastic agent, used in

lung cancer (Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Doxorubicin).

Cyclophosphamide - Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and

immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active
aldophosphamide.

Methotrexate - competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an enzyme that

participates in the tetrahydrofolate synthesis

Doxorubicin - interacts with DNA by intercalation and inhibition of macromolecular

biosynthesis
RP. Cyclophosphamide 50 mg
/
Da scat No 1 in tab

S. one tablet 3 times a day

117. Prescribe ten ampoules with solution 10 mg/1ml for intravenous

application which contains antidote for the coumarin anticoagulants (Heparin,
Phytomenadione, Ticlopidine).

Heparin - produces its major anticoagulant effect by inactivating thrombin and

activated factor X
Phytomenadione - synthetic form of vitamin K. Vitamin K acts as a cofactor in the synthesis
of coagulation proteins; prothrombin, factors VII, IX, and X by liver.

Ticlopidine – is a thienopyridine which, when metabolized by the body, irreversibly blocks

the P2Y12 component of the ADP receptor on the surface of platelets.
RP. Phytomenadione (Kanakion) 10 mg/1 ml
/
D.T.D No 10 in amp

S. IV application

118. Prescribe in ampoules 1% 5 ml drug inactivating heparin, administered

intravenously (Penicillamine, Obidoxime, Protamine sulfate).

Penicillamine - chelating agent recommended for the removal of excess copper in patients
with Wilson's disease

Obidoxime - member of the oxime family used to treat nerve gas poisoning

Protamine sulfate – highly cationic peptide that binds to either heparin or low molecular
weight heparin.
RP. Sol Protamine Sulfate 1% 5 ml
/
D.T.D No 10 in amp

S intravenous administration

119. Prescribe a pure antagonist of morphine in ampoules of 0.4 mg/1ml

(Deferoxamine, Naloxone, Methadone)

Deferoxamine - acts by binding free iron in the bloodstream and enhancing its elimination in
the urine.

Naloxone - antagonizes the opioid effects by competing for the same receptor sites

Methadone - synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride.

RP. Sol. Naloxone 0.4 mg/1 ml
/
D.T.D No 10 in amp

S. infused IV at a dose of 0.4 to 2 mg at intervals of 2-3 min to obtain clinical response

 #

120. Prescribe a competitive antagonist of the benzodiazepine anxiolytics in

the form of solution 0.5 mg/5ml in ampoules (Naltrexone, Alprazolam,
Flumazenil).

Naltrexone - act as a competitive antagonist at mc, κ, and δ Alprazolam - binds to specific

sites on the GABAA receptors in the CNS

Flumazenil - midazobenzodiazepine derivative, antagonizes theactions of benzodiazepines

on the central nervous system.
RP. Sol. Flumazenil 0.5mg/5 ml
/
D.T.D No 5 in amp

S. IV administration