Ancient History

Q. Which of the following is not one of the three major Q. Which Indus Valley site is located in Punjab (India)?
phases of the Stone Age? Answer: Ropar
Answer: Chalcolithic Age Explanation: Ropar is located on the banks of the Sutlej
Explanation: The Chalcolithic Age came after the Neolithic River in Punjab and was discovered in 1950 by B.B. Lal.
period and marked the beginning of copper usage.
Q. The standard seals of Harappa were made of which
Q. When were the Bhimbetka caves discovered? material?
Answer: 1957–58 Answer: Steatite
Explanation: The Bhimbetka caves were discovered by Dr. Explanation: Harappan seals were mostly made of soft
Vishnu Shridhar Wakankar in 1957–58. stone called steatite, usually square in shape (2x2 cm).

Q. What are the Bhimbetka caves famous for? Q. In which Indian state is Dholavira located?
Answer: Earliest signs of human life Answer: Gujarat
Explanation: These caves contain evidence of prehistoric Explanation: Dholavira is in Kutch district of Gujarat and
human life and cave paintings. was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021.

Q. Where in India are Stone Age rock paintings found? Q. Dholavira is an archaeological site of which
Answer: Bhimbetka civilization?
Explanation: The Bhimbetka caves in Madhya Pradesh Answer: Indus Valley Civilization
contain rock paintings from the Stone Age. Explanation: Discovered in 1968 by Jagat Pati Joshi,
Dholavira is a site of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Q. What is the correct chronological order of prehistoric
human civilization? Q. What was the shape of the Great Bath found in
Answer: Paleolithic → Mesolithic → Neolithic Mohenjo-daro?
Explanation: These are the three successive phases of the Answer: Rectangular
Stone Age. Explanation: The Great Bath was a large, rectangular water
tank — a fine example of urban planning.
Q. From where were shells sourced for craft during the
Indus Valley Civilization? Q. On the banks of which river was Harappa discovered?
Answer: Nageshwar Answer: Ravi
Explanation: Shells used in Indus craftwork were found at Explanation: Harappa is located on the banks of the Ravi
Nageshwar in Gujarat. River and was discovered by Daya Ram Sahni in 1920–21.

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Q. Which Indus site’s name means ‘Mound of the Dead’? Q. From which Indus Valley site have reservoirs been
Answer: Mohenjo-daro found?
Explanation: Mohenjo-daro translates to ‘Mound of the Answer: Dholavira
Dead’ and was discovered in 1922 on the Indus River. Explanation: Dholavira contains evidence of massive
reservoirs used for water conservation.
Q. Where is Mohenjo-daro located today?
Answer: Sindh Q. Surkotada is an Indus Valley site in which Indian state?
Explanation: Mohenjo-daro is in Larkana district of Sindh Answer: Gujarat
province, Pakistan, on the banks of the Indus River. Explanation: Surkotada is located in Kutch district of
Gujarat and shows Harappan cultural remains.
Q. Which Indus Valley site was especially known for craft
production? Q. Who began excavation at Harappa as Director-General
Answer: Chanhudaro of ASI in 1944?
Explanation: Chanhudaro was a center for bead-making, Answer: R.E.M. Wheeler
shell carving, seals, and metal works. Explanation: Mortimer Wheeler led fresh excavations at
Harappa after becoming DG of ASI in 1944.
Q. What was the first discovered site of the Indus Valley
Civilization? Q. Who was the first Indian archaeologist to excavate
Answer: Harappa Mohenjo-daro?
Explanation: Harappa, discovered by Daya Ram Sahni in Answer: Rakhaldas Banerjee
1921, was the first site of the civilization. Explanation: Rakhaldas Banerjee excavated Mohenjo-daro
in 1922 and discovered major structures like the Great Bath.
Q. From which site was a stone statue of a dancing male
figure in Nataraja pose found? Q. What was the geographical extent of the Harappan
Answer: Harappa Civilization?
Explanation: A 7–8 inch limestone sculpture of a dancing Answer: Western India and Pakistan
man in early Nataraja pose was found at Harappa. Explanation: The civilization extended over regions of
present-day western India and Pakistan.
Q. Which of these sites is not part of the Indus Valley
Civilization? Q. What was the most significant feature of the Indus
Answer: Uruk Valley Civilization?
Explanation: Uruk belonged to the Sumerian civilization; Answer: Brick-built structures
others are part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Explanation: The civilization is known for baked brick
architecture built in 4:2:1 proportion.

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Q. The Indus Valley Civilization belongs to which age? Q. What was the ancient name of the Awadh region?
Answer: Bronze Age Answer: Kosala
Explanation: The civilization used bronze, a copper-tin alloy, Explanation: In ancient times, the Awadh region was known
extensively in tools and ornaments. as Kosala, located in present-day Uttar Pradesh.

Q. Which god was not worshipped by Harappan people? Q. The Soni Ji ki Nasiyan Temple in Ajmer is dedicated to
Answer: Vishnu which Tirthankara?
Explanation: Harappans worshipped deities like Shiva, fire, Answer: Rishabhdev
animals, but not Vishnu. Explanation: This Jain temple is dedicated to the first
Tirthankara, Rishabhdev.
Q. In which year did German and Italian archaeologists
begin surface exploration in Mohenjo-daro? Q. Where was Lord Mahavira born?
Answer: 1980 Answer: Vaishali
Explanation: In 1980, a joint expedition began surface Explanation: Mahavira was born in 540 BCE in Kundagrama
exploration of the Mohenjo-daro site. near Vaishali.

Q. Which animal frequently appears on Harappan seals? Q. What was the original name of Mahavira?
Answer: Bull Answer: Vardhaman
Explanation: Harappan seals commonly depict animals such Explanation: Mahavira’s birth name was Vardhaman and he
as bulls, elephants, goats, and rhinoceroses. belonged to the Jnatri clan.

Q. Which of the following sites is not related to craft Q. What are Jain monastic institutions called?
production? Answer: Basadis
Answer: Manda Explanation: Jain monasteries or temples where monks
Explanation: Manda in Jammu & Kashmir lacks craft reside are called Basadis.
evidence, unlike Balakot, Nageshwar, and Chanhudaro.
Q. Who was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism?
Q. Which pair is incorrectly matched – ruler and dynasty? Answer: Mahavira
Answer: Bimbisara – Gupta Explanation: Mahavira was the last and 24th Tirthankara in
Explanation: Bimbisara belonged to the Haryanka dynasty, Jainism.
not the Gupta dynasty.
Q. The concept of ‘Three Jewels’ (Triratna) is related to
Q. What was the early capital of the Magadha Empire? which religion?
Answer: Rajgir Answer: Jainism
Explanation: Rajgriha (now Rajgir) was the first capital, later Explanation: Jainism emphasizes Right Faith, Right
shifted to Pataliputra. Knowledge, and Right Conduct.
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Q. What is the sacred scripture of Jainism? Q. What is compiled in the Sutta Pitaka?
Answer: Agamas Answer: Dialogues of Buddha and disciples
Explanation: Jain religious texts are known as Agamas, not Explanation: The Sutta Pitaka includes discourses and
Upanishads. teachings of Buddha in dialogue form.

Q. Where and by what name did Gautama Buddha deliver Q. Hinayana and Mahayana are branches of which
his first sermon? religion?
Answer: Sarnath, Dharmachakrapravartana Answer: Buddhism
Explanation: Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath, Explanation: These are the two major sects of Buddhism
called the Dharmachakrapravartana. with differing approaches to salvation.

Q. During whose reign was the Second Buddhist Council Q. Where is the Lion Capital pillar (Singh Chaturmukh
held? Stambha) located?
Answer: Kalashoka Answer: Sarnath
Explanation: The second Buddhist council was held at Explanation: This Ashokan pillar at Sarnath was adopted as
Vaishali under King Kalashoka. India’s national emblem.

Q. The ‘Therigatha’ is a part of which Pitaka? Q. The concept of Bodhisattva belongs to which Buddhist
Answer: Sutta Pitaka sect?
Explanation: Therigatha is part of the Khuddaka Nikaya of Answer: Mahayana
the Sutta Pitaka, containing verses by Buddhist nuns. Explanation: In Mahayana, Bodhisattvas postpone
enlightenment to help others attain salvation.
Q. The Abhidhamma Pitaka deals with which subject?
Answer: Philosophical matters Q. The Vinaya and Sutta Pitaka are collections of whose
Explanation: The Abhidhamma Pitaka explains Buddhist teachings?
philosophy and was compiled during the Third Buddhist Answer: Gautama Buddha
Council. Explanation: These are part of the Tripitaka, containing
Buddha’s sermons and monastic rules.
Q. Where did Gautama Buddha attain enlightenment?
Answer: Bodh Gaya Q. What is 'Adittapariyaya Sutta' also known as?
Explanation: Buddha attained enlightenment under a Bodhi Answer: Fire Sermon
tree in Bodh Gaya. Explanation: This was Buddha’s third sermon, referring to
the burning nature of desires and senses.

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Q. Who authored 'Buddhacharitam'? Q. Which monument is called the “Seat of the Holy
Answer: Ashvaghosha Buddha” where the first sermon was delivered?
Explanation: Ashvaghosha, a Buddhist scholar, wrote this Answer: Dhamek Stupa, Sarnath
Sanskrit biography of the Buddha. Explanation: The Dhamek Stupa marks the site where
Buddha delivered his first sermon.
Q. Is Gwalior one of the Buddhist pilgrimage sites?
Answer: No Q. Which text is a compilation of Buddha’s teachings?
Explanation: Major Buddhist sites include Lumbini, Bodh Answer: Tripitaka
Gaya, Sarnath, and Kushinagar—not Gwalior. Explanation: The Tripitaka is the principal scripture of
Buddhism encompassing teachings and rules.
Q. Where was Gautama Buddha born?
Answer: Lumbini Q. Followers of Zoroastrianism in India are mainly found
Explanation: He was born in 563 BCE at Lumbini (modern- in which state?
day Nepal). Answer: Maharashtra
Explanation: The majority of Parsi Zoroastrians in India
Q. Rules for monks are recorded in which Buddhist text? reside in Maharashtra, especially Mumbai.
Answer: Vinaya Pitaka
Explanation: It contains the code of conduct for monks and Q. Avesta, Torah, and Tripitaka are scriptures, but which
nuns in the Buddhist Sangha. one is different?
Answer: Temple
Q. Why were stupas built? Explanation: Temple is a place of worship, while the rest are
Answer: As sacred memorials religious texts.
Explanation: Stupas contain relics of Buddha or revered
monks and serve as places of devotion. Q. 'Zend Avesta' is the holy book of which religion?
Answer: Zoroastrianism
Q. Where is the 'Temple of the Tooth' located? Explanation: It contains the teachings of Zoroaster
Answer: Sri Lanka (Zarathustra), founder of the faith.
Explanation: The famous shrine in Kandy holds what is
believed to be a tooth of the Buddha. Q. 'Torah' is the sacred text of which religion?
Answer: Judaism
Q. Where is the Borobudur Buddhist temple situated? Explanation: Torah is the foundational scripture of Judaism,
Answer: Indonesia written in Hebrew.
Explanation: Borobudur in Java is the world’s largest
Buddhist temple.

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Q. What was the capital of Magadha before Pataliputra? Q. Suvarnagiri was a center of what during the Mauryan
Answer: Rajgriha period?
Explanation: During King Ajatashatru's reign, Rajgriha was Answer: Gold mining
the capital before it was shifted to Pataliputra. Explanation: Suvarnagiri in Karnataka was a major center
for gold mining.
Q. Where is the Lauria Nandangarh pillar located?
Answer: Champaran Q. Who sent Megasthenes to Chandragupta Maurya’s
Explanation: This Ashokan pillar is located in West court?
Champaran, Bihar. Answer: Seleucus Nicator
Explanation: The Greek envoy Megasthenes was sent by
Q. Which Mauryan emperor inscribed edicts on rocks and Seleucus I as ambassador to Chandragupta’s court.
pillars?
Answer: Ashoka Q. The Lion Capital of Sarnath was made of which
Explanation: Ashoka used inscriptions to spread his material?
Dhamma throughout his empire. Answer: Sandstone
Explanation: It was carved out of Chunar sandstone and is
Q. Who was the grandfather of Emperor Ashoka? now the national emblem of India.
Answer: Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation: Ashoka was the son of Bindusara and Q. Which was the first river crossed by Alexander during
grandson of Chandragupta Maurya. his invasion of India?
Answer: Indus
Q. Where is Ashoka's rock edict site Girnar located? Explanation: In 326 BCE, Alexander crossed the Indus River
Answer: Gujarat to enter the Indian subcontinent.
Explanation: The Girnar Hills in Gujarat have important
Ashokan inscriptions. Q. Who built the Sanchi Stupa?
Answer: Ashoka
Q. Who led the Kalinga war from the Mauryan side? Explanation: Emperor Ashoka built the Great Stupa at
Answer: Ashoka Sanchi in honor of the Buddha.
Explanation: Ashoka led the war against Kalinga in 261 BCE
and was deeply affected by its bloodshed. Q. Where is the Dhamek Stupa located?
Answer: Sarnath
Q. In which language were most of Ashoka’s inscriptions Explanation: It marks the place where Buddha gave his first
written? sermon after enlightenment.
Answer: Prakrit
Explanation: Ashoka’s inscriptions were mostly in Prakrit
language and Brahmi script.
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Q. Who organized the Third Buddhist Council? Q. Who ended the Maurya dynasty?
Answer: Ashoka Answer: Shunga Dynasty
Explanation: Ashoka convened the council in 250 BCE at Explanation: Pushyamitra Shunga killed the last Mauryan
Pataliputra under the leadership of Moggaliputta Tissa. king Brihadratha and founded the Shunga dynasty.

Q. Who mentioned department heads in the Mauryan Q. Who was the last ruler of the Maurya dynasty?
administration? Answer: Brihadratha
Answer: Kautilya Explanation: He was the final Mauryan ruler, assassinated
Explanation: Kautilya’s Arthashastra describes various by his general Pushyamitra Shunga.
administrative officials and their functions.
Q. Who was the mentor of Chandragupta Maurya?
Q. Which edict of Ashoka mentions the Kalinga war and Answer: Vishnugupta (Chanakya)
its impact? Explanation: Chanakya, also known as Kautilya or
Answer: Thirteenth Vishnugupta, guided Chandragupta to power.
Explanation: The 13th Rock Edict talks about the Kalinga
war and Ashoka’s remorse. Q. What was the name of the historic highway during
Mauryan times?
Q. Who was the immediate successor of Bindusara? Answer: Uttarapatha
Answer: Ashoka Explanation: This route connected Takshashila to
Explanation: Ashoka succeeded his father Bindusara as the Pataliputra and further east to Tamralipti.
Mauryan emperor.
Q. After the Kalinga war, which religion did Ashoka
Q. Ashoka belonged to which dynasty? adopt?
Answer: Maurya Dynasty Answer: Buddhism
Explanation: Ashoka was one of the greatest rulers of the Explanation: Shocked by the destruction, Ashoka embraced
Mauryan Empire. Buddhism and promoted non-violence.

Q. The play ‘Mudrarakshasa’ is based on which ruler’s Q. Which book was written by Megasthenes?
life? Answer: Indica
Answer: Chandragupta Maurya Explanation: Indica is a Greek account of Mauryan India
Explanation: The Sanskrit play by Vishakhadatta depicts the during Chandragupta’s rule.
rise of Chandragupta Maurya.

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Q. Ashoka’s early inscriptions were written in which Q. Which Chinese pilgrim visited India during Harsha’s
script? reign?
Answer: Brahmi Answer: Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang)
Explanation: Most of Ashoka’s edicts were written in the Explanation: Xuanzang visited India in 629 CE and studied
Brahmi script and Prakrit language. at Nalanda University.

Q. Which Indian dynasty issued coins with rulers’ Q. Who contributed significantly to algebra in ancient
portraits? India?
Answer: Satavahana Dynasty Answer: Aryabhata
Explanation: The Satavahanas issued coins made of lead, Explanation: Aryabhata made pioneering contributions in
copper, and silver bearing portraits of their rulers. algebra, arithmetic, and astronomy.

Q. Which of the following statements is incorrect? Q. Who was the court poet of Harshavardhana?
Answer: Charaka was Gautama Buddha’s personal Answer: Banabhatta
physician. Explanation: He wrote Harshacharita and Kadambari,
Explanation: Charaka was court physician to Kanishka; glorifying Harsha’s reign.
Buddha’s physician was Jivaka.
Q. Who among Chandragupta II’s navratnas was a famous
Q. The Prayag Prashasti describes the achievements of astrologer?
which ruler? Answer: Varahamihira
Answer: Samudragupta Explanation: Varahamihira was a great astronomer and
Explanation: The inscription was composed by court poet astrologer in the court of Chandragupta II.
Harishena, praising Samudragupta's conquests.
Q. Who is called the ‘Napoleon of India’?
Q. Harshavardhana belonged to which dynasty? Answer: Samudragupta
Answer: Pushyabhuti Dynasty Explanation: Due to his military prowess and conquests,
Explanation: Harsha was the most prominent ruler of the historian Vincent Smith gave him this title.
Pushyabhuti dynasty, ruling from Kannauj.
Q. What was the name of Chandragupta II’s daughter?
Q. In the Aihole inscription, whose victory over Harsha is Answer: Prabhavati Gupta
mentioned? Explanation: She married into the Vakataka dynasty and
Answer: Pulakeshin II ruled as a regent.
Explanation: The Aihole inscription describes Pulakeshin II’s
victory over Harshavardhana near the Narmada.

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Q. Which Gupta emperor was also known as Q. Who was the real founder of the Gupta Empire?
Vikramaditya? Answer: Shri Gupta
Answer: Chandragupta II Explanation: Shri Gupta laid the foundation, but
Explanation: He assumed the title of Vikramaditya and was Chandragupta I made it a powerful kingdom.
known for cultural patronage.
Q. Which Chinese traveler visited India during the Gupta
Q. Who authored the epic poem Meghaduta? period?
Answer: Kalidasa Answer: Fa-Hien
Explanation: Kalidasa, a classical Sanskrit poet of the Gupta Explanation: Fa-Hien visited India during Chandragupta II’s
era, composed Meghaduta. reign to study Buddhism.

Q. How did Gupta rulers record their achievements? Q. In Chola inscriptions, what was the term for land
Answer: Through eulogies (Prashastis) donated for maintenance of gurukuls?
Explanation: Gupta kings had Sanskrit inscriptions Answer: Shalabhoga
composed as royal eulogies glorifying their reigns. Explanation: 'Shalabhoga' referred to tax-free land granted
to Brahmins or for educational institutions like Gurukuls.
Q. Which Gupta ruler was known for playing the veena?
Answer: Samudragupta Q. What was the capital of the Hoysala Empire?
Explanation: Coins depict him playing the veena, showing Answer: Dwarasamudra
his love for music. Explanation: Dwarasamudra (modern-day Halebidu in
Karnataka) was the capital of the Hoysalas.
Q. Which period is known as the Golden Age of Ancient
India? Q. Which dynasty established maritime trade in
Answer: Gupta Period Southeast Asia?
Explanation: It was marked by major achievements in Answer: Chola Dynasty
science, art, and literature. Explanation: The Cholas had a powerful navy and expanded
trade and political influence in Southeast Asia.
Q. Who established the Nalanda University?
Answer: Kumaragupta I Q. Simhavishnu was associated with which dynasty?
Explanation: Kumaragupta I founded Nalanda, which Answer: Pallava Dynasty
became a major center of Buddhist learning. Explanation: Simhavishnu was an early and prominent ruler
of the Pallava dynasty.
Q. Who succeeded Chandragupta I in the Gupta Empire?
Answer: Samudragupta
Explanation: He expanded the empire through numerous
military campaigns.
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Q. Pulakeshin I and II belonged to which dynasty? Q. The early Chera dynasty ruled over which present-day
Answer: Chalukya Dynasty states?
Explanation: Pulakeshin I founded the Chalukya dynasty; Answer: Tamil Nadu and Kerala
Pulakeshin II expanded it significantly. Explanation: The Chera dynasty ruled over parts of modern
Tamil Nadu and Kerala in ancient South India.
Q. Who was the most famous ruler of the Chalukya
dynasty?
Answer: Pulakeshin II
Explanation: He defeated Harshavardhana and ruled from
Vatapi (Badami).

Q. Who was the greatest ruler of the Early Chola

dynasty?
Answer: Karikala
Explanation: Karikala Chola is credited with building dams
and founding the city of Kaveripattinam.

Q. Which Pallava king wrote Sanskrit plays?

Answer: Mahendravarman
Explanation: Mahendravarman authored Sanskrit plays like
Mattavilasa Prahasana.

Q. Which Chalukya king defeated Harshavardhana?

Answer: Pulakeshin II
Explanation: He stopped Harsha’s expansion in the south by
defeating him near the Narmada River.

Q. Who was the last ruler of the Chola dynasty?

Answer: Rajendra Chola III
Explanation: He was the final ruler of the Chola dynasty
before it declined in the late 13th century.

Q. Which Chola ruler conquered the Maldives?

Answer: Rajaraja Chola
Explanation: Rajaraja I led naval expeditions and extended
Chola influence to the Maldives and Sri Lanka.
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 Ancient History
Q. Who used naval power to conquer Southeast Explanation: Kalidasa’s play narrates the love story of
Asia? King Pururava and celestial nymph Urvashi.
Answer: Rajendra Chola
Explanation: Rajendra Chola launched expeditions Q. Who wrote the book 'Indica'?
towards East Asia using naval strength. Answer: Megasthenes
Explanation: The Greek ambassador Megasthenes
Q. Which dynasty ended the Mauryan Empire? described India in his book ‘Indica’.
Answer: Shunga
Explanation: The last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha, was Q. In which Parva of the Mahabharata is the
assassinated by his general Pushyamitra Shunga, who Bhagavad Gita found?
established the Shunga dynasty. Answer: Bhishma Parva
Explanation: The teachings of the Bhagavad Gita are
Q. Who was the last ruler of the Mauryan dynasty? part of the Bhishma Parva.
Answer: Brihadratha
Explanation: Brihadratha was the final Mauryan Q. Who wrote the play ‘Ratnavali’?
emperor, after whose death the Shunga dynasty Answer: Harshavardhana
began. Explanation: Harshavardhana authored the Sanskrit
dramas Ratnavali, Priyadarsika, and Nagananda.
Q. In which language was the ‘Brihatkatha’
composed by Gunadhya? Q. In which language was 'Meghaduta' written?
Answer: Paishachi Answer: Sanskrit
Explanation: Gunadhya wrote ‘Brihatkatha’ in the Explanation: Kalidasa composed this poetic work in
Paishachi language. Sanskrit.

Q. Who was the author of the play 'Nagananda'? Q. Who is the author of 'Nitisara'?
Answer: Harshavardhana Answer: Kamandaka
Explanation: ‘Nagananda’ is a Sanskrit drama authored Explanation: ‘Nitisara’ is a political treatise written by
by Harshavardhana. Kamandaka.

Q. Which love story is depicted in Q. Who wrote the ‘Brihat Samhita’?

‘Vikramorvashiyam’? Answer: Varahamihira
Answer: Pururava and Urvashi Explanation: Varahamihira composed the Brihat

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Samhita on astronomy, architecture, and other Explanation: It is a major treatise of Ayurveda focused
subjects. on surgical practices.

Q. Who is the author of 'Panchatantra'? Q. Who wrote the play ‘Swapnavasavadattam’?

Answer: Vishnu Sharma Answer: Bhasa
Explanation: ‘Panchatantra’ is a famous collection of Explanation: Bhasa was a renowned Sanskrit
moral stories. dramatist who authored several plays.

Q. Who wrote the play 'Mudrarakshasa'? Q. What was the original name of the Mahabharata?
Answer: Vishakhadatta Answer: Jaya Samhita
Explanation: Vishakhadatta wrote this play based on Explanation: The earliest name of the Mahabharata
the rise of Chandragupta Maurya. was 'Jaya Samhita'.

Q. Who composed the Mahabharata? Q. Who wrote ‘Dashakumaracharita’?

Answer: Vedavyasa Answer: Dandin
Explanation: The Mahabharata was composed by Explanation: Dandin authored this Sanskrit prose
Vedavyasa and consists of one hundred thousand narrative.
verses.
Q. Who composed the ‘Harshacharita’?
Q. In which language was ‘Aryabhatiyam’ written? Answer: Banabhatta
Answer: Sanskrit Explanation: Banabhatta was the court poet of
Explanation: Aryabhatta wrote this astronomical- Harshavardhana and wrote his biography.
mathematical treatise in Sanskrit.
Q. Who is the author of 'Gita Govinda'?
Q. Who authored the ‘Ashtadhyayi’? Answer: Jayadeva
Answer: Panini Explanation: It is a lyrical poem based on the love of
Explanation: ‘Ashtadhyayi’ is an ancient Sanskrit Radha and Krishna.
grammar text by Panini.
Q. Who wrote the book 'Kitab-ul-Hind'?
Q. ‘Sushruta Samhita’ is related to which subject? Answer: Al-Biruni
Answer: Surgery Explanation: Persian scholar Al-Biruni wrote this
account on India.

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 Q. In which language was 'Manusmriti' composed?
Q. Who gave the atomic theory in ancient India? Answer: Sanskrit
Answer: Kanada Explanation: ‘Manusmriti’ is a legal text of ancient
Explanation: Kanada theorized that matter is Hindu society.
composed of indivisible particles called 'atoms'.
Q. Which of the following is not written in Sanskrit?
Q. Who wrote the play ‘Mrichchhakatika’? Answer: Tirukkural
Answer: Shudraka Explanation: ‘Tirukkural’ is a classical Tamil literary
Explanation: Shudraka’s Sanskrit play portrays the work.
socio-political life of the Gupta period.
Q. Who was Bhaskaracharya related to?
Q. Who wrote 'Panchasiddhantika'? Answer: Mathematics
Answer: Varahamihira Explanation: Both Bhaskara I and Bhaskara II were
Explanation: This astronomical treatise was authored renowned mathematicians.
by Varahamihira.
Q. 'Lilavati' is a book on which subject?
Q. Who compiled the work 'Tirukkural'? Answer: Mathematics
Answer: Thiruvalluvar Explanation: ‘Lilavati’ is a mathematical treatise
Explanation: ‘Tirukkural’ is a Tamil poetic work on written by Bhaskaracharya II.
ethics and morality.
Q. Who translated Manusmriti into English?
Q. 'Charaka Samhita' is based on which field? Answer: George Bühler
Answer: Ayurveda Explanation: George Bühler was the first to translate
Explanation: It is an important ancient text on Indian Manusmriti into English.
medicine and therapy.
Q. Who wrote the play 'Ratnavali'?
Q. About which kings is ‘Rajatarangini’ written? Answer: Harshavardhana
Answer: Kashmir Kings Explanation: It is one of the three Sanskrit dramas
Explanation: Kalhana’s chronicle describes the history authored by Harsha.
of rulers of Kashmir.
Q. Who composed 'Meghaduta' and
'Abhijnanasakuntalam'?

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Answer: Kalidasa Answer: Bhishma Parva
Explanation: Kalidasa was a classical Sanskrit poet and Explanation: The Bhagavad Gita is included in the
playwright. Bhishma Parva of Mahabharata.

Q. Who is the author of 'Rajatarangini'? Q. Who wrote the Sanskrit play 'Ratnavali'?
Answer: Kalhana Answer: Harshavardhana
Explanation: This Sanskrit chronicle documents the Explanation: King Harsha authored several Sanskrit
lineage of Kashmir rulers. dramas including ‘Ratnavali’.

Q. Who wrote ‘Brihatkatha’ and in which language? Q. In which language was Kalidasa’s 'Meghaduta'
Answer: Gunadhya, Paishachi written?
Explanation: Gunadhya composed 'Brihatkatha' in the Answer: Sanskrit
extinct Paishachi language. Explanation: Kalidasa composed this poetic message
in classical Sanskrit.
Q. Who wrote the play ‘Nagananda’?
Answer: Harsha Q. Which of the following is not a work of Kalidasa?
Explanation: Harshavardhana authored the Sanskrit Answer: Nitisara
plays ‘Ratnavali’, ‘Nagananda’, and ‘Priyadarsika’. Explanation: ‘Nitisara’ was written by Kamandaka, not
Kalidasa.
Q. Whose love story is described in Kalidasa’s
‘Vikramorvashiyam’? Q. Who composed the ‘Brihat Samhita’?
Answer: Pururava and Urvashi Answer: Varahamihira
Explanation: The play depicts the romance between Explanation: Varahamihira also wrote 'Brihajjataka'
King Pururava and celestial maiden Urvashi. and 'Panchasiddhantika'.

Q. Who wrote the book 'Indica'? Q. Who authored the Sanskrit grammar
Answer: Megasthenes 'Ashtadhyayi'?
Explanation: Megasthenes was a Greek envoy who Answer: Panini
authored ‘Indica’ on India. Explanation: Panini’s 'Ashtadhyayi' is the earliest
known Sanskrit grammar text.
Q. Which Parva of the Mahabharata is associated
with the Bhagavad Gita?

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Q. What was the name of Shakuntala's son in
‘Abhijnanasakuntalam’? Q. Who wrote the 'Ashtadhyayi'?
Answer: Panini
Answer: Bharata
Explanation: It is the earliest known text on Sanskrit
Explanation: In Kalidasa’s play, Shakuntala and
grammar.
Dushyanta’s son is named Bharata.

Q. ‘Sushruta Samhita’ is based on which field?

Q. Who wrote the 'Natya Shastra'?
Answer: Surgery
Answer: Bharata Muni Explanation: This ancient Ayurvedic text deals with surgical
Explanation: Bharata Muni authored this ancient procedures.
treatise on classical Indian dance and dramaturgy.
Q. Who wrote 'Swapnavasavadattam'?

Q. Who authored the Tamil epic 'Manimekalai'? Answer: Bhasa

Answer: Sattanar Explanation: Bhasa was a legendary Sanskrit dramatist who

Explanation: ‘Manimekalai’ is a Tamil Buddhist epic written authored this play.

by Sattanar.
Q. What was the original name of the Mahabharata?

Q. Who wrote 'Panchatantra'? Answer: Jaya Samhita

Answer: Vishnu Sharma Explanation: The earliest form of Mahabharata was known

Explanation: ‘Panchatantra’ is a renowned collection of as ‘Jaya Samhita’.

fables with moral lessons.

Q. Who wrote 'Dashakumaracharita'?

Q. Who composed the play ‘Mudrarakshasa’? Answer: Dandin

Answer: Vishakhadatta Explanation: Dandin composed this Sanskrit prose

Explanation: Vishakhadatta authored ‘Mudrarakshasa’ and narrative.

‘Devichandraguptam’ based on Mauryan history.

Q. Who authored the book 'Harshacharita'?

Q. Who is the author of the Mahabharata? Answer: Banabhatta

Answer: Vedavyasa Explanation: Banabhatta, court poet of Harshavardhana,

Explanation: The Sanskrit epic Mahabharata was composed wrote his biography ‘Harshacharita’.

by sage Vedavyasa.
Q. Who wrote ‘Gita Govinda’?

Q. In which language was 'Aryabhatiyam' written? Answer: Jayadeva

Answer: Sanskrit Explanation: ‘Gita Govinda’ is a lyrical poem about the

Explanation: Aryabhatta composed ‘Aryabhatiyam’ in divine love of Radha and Krishna.

Sanskrit.
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Q. Who wrote ‘Kitab-ul-Hind’? Q. In which language was 'Manusmriti' written?
Answer: Al-Biruni Answer: Sanskrit
Explanation: Persian scholar Al-Biruni wrote ‘Kitab-ul-Hind’ Explanation: ‘Manusmriti’ is a Sanskrit legal text outlining
on Indian culture and society. Hindu law.

Q. Who gave the theory of atoms in ancient India? Q. Which of the following works is not in Sanskrit?
Answer: Kanada Answer: Tirukkural
Explanation: Kanada proposed that all matter is made up of Explanation: ‘Tirukkural’ is composed in the Tamil language.
indivisible particles called atoms.
Q. Who was Bhaskara I?
Q. Who wrote the play ‘Mrichchhakatika’? Answer: Mathematician
Answer: Shudraka Explanation: Bhaskara I worked on decimal number system
Explanation: This Sanskrit play by Shudraka portrays Gupta- and early mathematics.
era society.
Q. 'Lilavati' is a treatise on which subject?
Q. Who authored 'Panchasiddhantika' and 'Brihat Answer: Mathematics
Samhita'? Explanation: ‘Lilavati’ is a mathematical text authored by
Answer: Varahamihira Bhaskara II.
Explanation: Varahamihira wrote these works on
astronomy and astrology. Q. Who translated 'Manusmriti' into English?
Answer: George Bühler
Q. Who compiled 'Tirukkural'? Explanation: The English translation of ‘Manusmriti’ was
Answer: Thiruvalluvar done by George Bühler.
Explanation: ‘Tirukkural’ is a renowned Tamil text based on
ethical teachings. Q. Who wrote the play ‘Ratnavali’?
Answer: Harshavardhana
Q. 'Charaka Samhita' is related to which system of Explanation: Harsha composed Sanskrit dramas including
medicine? ‘Ratnavali’.
Answer: Ayurveda
Explanation: It is a foundational text of Ayurvedic medicine. Q. Who wrote 'Meghaduta' and 'Abhijnanasakuntalam'?
Answer: Kalidasa
Q. What is 'Rajatarangini' about? Explanation: Kalidasa was a classical Sanskrit poet and
Answer: Kashmir dramatist.
Explanation: Kalhana’s chronicle narrates the history of the
rulers of Kashmir. Q. Who authored 'Rajatarangini'?
Answer: Kalhana
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Explanation: ‘Rajatarangini’ is a historical chronicle of
Kashmir. Q. In which state are the Karla Buddhist caves located?
Answer: Maharashtra
Q. What is the sanctum of a temple called where the Explanation: The Karla Caves are a fine example of Buddhist
main deity is enshrined? rock-cut architecture in Maharashtra.
Answer: Garbhagriha
Explanation: The Garbhagriha is the innermost and holiest Q. Which dynasty built the Khajuraho temples?
part of a temple. Answer: Chandela
Explanation: The temples at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh
Q. What is the temple architectural style of North India were built by the Chandela rulers.
called?
Answer: Nagara Q. Khajuraho is an example of which architectural style?
Explanation: Nagara is the principal style of temple Answer: Nagara
architecture in North India. Explanation: The Khajuraho temples are built in the Nagara
architectural style.
Q. Where was the tradition of installing divine idols by
Kushana rulers found? Q. In which state is the Brihadeshwara Temple located?
Answer: Math (Uttar Pradesh) Answer: Tamil Nadu
Explanation: Evidence of Kushana ‘Devakula’ tradition was Explanation: The Brihadeshwara Temple at Thanjavur was
found in Math, Uttar Pradesh. built by Rajaraja Chola I.

Q. Who built the Kandariya Mahadev temple? Q. Who built the Lingaraja Temple?
Answer: Dhangadeva (Chandela Dynasty) Answer: Yayati Keshari
Explanation: King Dhangadeva built this temple at Explanation: This temple in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, was built
Khajuraho in 999 CE. by the Somavamsi king Yayati Keshari.

Q. By what name is the Sun Temple of Konark popularly Q. Who constructed the Modhera Sun Temple?
known? Answer: Bhimdev I (Solanki Dynasty)
Answer: Black Pagoda Explanation: The Solanki ruler Bhimdev I built the Sun
Explanation: European sailors referred to the Konark Sun Temple at Modhera, Gujarat.
Temple as the 'Black Pagoda'.
Q. The colossal statue of Gomateshwara is made of which
Q. Who constructed the Konark Sun Temple? material?
Answer: Narasimhadeva I Answer: Granite
Explanation: Narasimhadeva I of the Ganga dynasty built it Explanation: Located at Shravanabelagola, Karnataka, the
in the 13th century. statue is carved from a single block of granite.
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Q. Where are the Ajanta Caves located? Q. Where is the Pattadakal group of temples located?
Answer: Aurangabad (Maharashtra) Answer: Karnataka
Explanation: The Ajanta Caves symbolize the golden age of Explanation: Built by the Chalukyas, Pattadakal is a UNESCO
Buddhist art. World Heritage site.

Q. The Ajanta paintings are based on which stories? Q. Where is the Mahabodhi Temple located?
Answer: Jataka Tales Answer: Bihar
Explanation: The murals in the Ajanta Caves depict stories Explanation: Located at Bodh Gaya, this temple marks the
from the Jataka tales. site of Buddha’s enlightenment.

Q. Who built the Dilwara Temple? Q. In which state is the Kamakhya Temple located?
Answer: Vimal Shah Answer: Assam
Explanation: Vimal Shah built the Adinath Jain temple at Explanation: The Kamakhya Temple, a prominent Shakti
Mount Abu using marble. Peeth, is located near Guwahati.

Q. Who constructed the Brihadeshwara Temple at Q. What is the name of the Thanjavur painting style that
Thanjavur? uses gold?
Answer: Rajaraja Chola Answer: Tanjore Painting
Explanation: This majestic Dravidian-style temple is Explanation: Tanjore painting is a South Indian art form
dedicated to Lord Shiva. that often depicts Lord Krishna and includes gold leaf and
precious stones.
Q. In which state are the Ajanta and Ellora Caves located?
Answer: Maharashtra Q. Under which dynasty did Gandhara art flourish?
Explanation: These rock-cut caves are situated in the Answer: Kushan
Aurangabad district. Explanation: Gandhara art developed under the Kushan
Empire and blended Greco-Roman and Buddhist styles.
Q. What is Bhimbetka famous for?
Answer: Rock Shelters Q. The 'Pattachitra' painting tradition belongs to which
Explanation: Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh is known for state?
prehistoric cave paintings. Answer: Odisha
Explanation: Pattachitra is a traditional painting form from
Q. Who built the Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram? Odisha, often centered on Lord Jagannath.
Answer: Narasimhavarman (Pallava Dynasty)
Explanation: The temple is a seaside monument built in the Q. The Elephanta Caves are dedicated to which deity?
Dravidian style. Answer: Lord Shiva
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Explanation: These caves near Mumbai are renowned for Q. Where is the Victory Tower (Vijay Stambh) located?
the massive Maheshmurti sculpture of Shiva. Answer: Rajasthan
Explanation: The Vijay Stambh was constructed by Rana
Q. Who built the Chennakesava Temple? Kumbha in Chittorgarh, Rajasthan.
Answer: Vishnuvardhana (Hoysala Dynasty)
Explanation: The Chennakesava Temple in Belur, Karnataka, Q. Chittorgarh was the capital of which dynasty?
was built by King Vishnuvardhana in the 12th century. Answer: Sisodia
Explanation: The Sisodia rulers of Mewar, including Hammir
Q. Who excavated the Khandagiri Caves? Dev, established Chittorgarh as their capital.
Answer: King Kharavela
Explanation: These caves in Odisha were excavated during Q. King Bhoja, the great patron of literature, belonged to
the reign of King Kharavela and are related to Jain and which dynasty?
Buddhist traditions. Answer: Paramara
Explanation: King Bhoja of the Paramara dynasty ruled
Q. Where is the Golconda Fort located? from Dhar and was a renowned patron of learning.
Answer: Hyderabad
Explanation: Golconda Fort is a famous historical fort Q. Who defeated Muhammad Ghori at Kayadara (Mount
situated near Hyderabad, Telangana. Abu)?
Answer: Bhimdev Solanki II
Q. Who built the Jantar Mantar in Delhi? Explanation: In 1178 CE, Bhimdev II defeated Muhammad
Answer: Sawai Jai Singh II Ghori at the Battle of Kayadara.
Explanation: Sawai Jai Singh II constructed this
astronomical observatory in 1724 CE. Q. How many years ahead is the Vikram Samvat
compared to the Gregorian calendar?
Q. What is Jantar Mantar? Answer: 56.7 years
Answer: Astronomical Observatory Explanation: Vikram Samvat began in 57 BCE, making it 56.7
Explanation: Jantar Mantar is a scientific structure used to years ahead of the Gregorian calendar.
measure planetary movements and time.
Q. Who invented paper?
Q. In how many cities did Sawai Jai Singh II construct Answer: Cai Lun
Jantar Mantar observatories? Explanation: The Chinese scientist Cai Lun invented paper
Answer: Five around 202 BCE.
Explanation: He built Jantar Mantar in Jaipur, Delhi, Ujjain,
Varanasi, and Mathura. Q. In ancient times, ‘Kamarupa’ was the old name of
which state?
Answer: Assam
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Explanation: The region now known as Assam was
historically called ‘Kamarupa’. Q. The concept of 'Snakes and Ladders' is based on what?
Answer: Superstition
Q. Which of the following is one of the six orthodox Explanation: Originally designed to teach morality, this
schools of Indian philosophy? game was based on the idea of reward and punishment.
Answer: Yoga
Explanation: Yoga is one of the six classical (Astika) schools Q. What material were the earliest wheels made of?
of Hindu philosophy. Answer: Wood
Explanation: The earliest known wheels, made around 3500
Q. What is the ritual of donating items equal to one's BCE in Mesopotamia, were crafted from wood.
own weight called?
Answer: Tulabhar
Explanation: Tulabhar is the ritual of weighing a person
against goods and donating the equivalent amount.

Q. Who was the grandson of Bhima and Hidimba?

Answer: Barbarika
Explanation: Barbarika was the son of Ghatotkacha, who in
turn was the son of Bhima and Hidimba.

Q. When was Hastinapur excavated by B. B. Lal?

Answer: 1951–52
Explanation: Archaeologist B. B. Lal conducted excavations
at Hastinapur during 1951–52 and found evidence linked to
the Mahabharata era.

Q. In which city is the Padmanabhaswamy Temple

located?
Answer: Thiruvananthapuram
Explanation: This famous temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu
is located in Kerala’s capital, Thiruvananthapuram.

Q. How many days did the Mahabharata war last?

Answer: 18 days
Explanation: The Kurukshetra war mentioned in the
Mahabharata lasted for a total of 18 days.
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