Histology
1) Blood has no ………………..
a) Matrix
b) Fibers
c) Cells
d) Cytoskeleton
2) The size of the smallest blood capillaries is ……….
a) 11.8
b) 7.2
c) 5.1
d) 3.6
3) ………………….. helps the RBCs to be squeezed through the
narrowest blood capillaries without being damaged.
a) Biconcave disc
b) The lack of the nucleus
c) The cytoskeleton
d) The membrane
ALPHA TEAM
4) …store iron for further utilization in hemopoiesis
a) Reticular stromal cells
b) Macrophages
c) Adipocytes
d) Non of the above
5) The cytoskeleton of RBCs is formed of a network of …
a) Microfilaments
b) Microtubules
c) Intermediate filaments
d) All the above
6) The diameter of RBCs ranges from
a) 6:7
b) 7:8
c) 8:9
ALPHA TEAM
7) The percentage of hemoglobin in RBCs volume is
a) 40%
b) 44%
c) 30%
d) 33%
8) Which of the following is responsible for the flexibility of RBCs
a) Cytoskeleton
b) Diameter
c) Shape
d) size
9) One of the following is of a diagnostic significance …..
a) RBCs count
b) platelets count
c) total leukocytic count
d) differential leukocytic count
ALPHA TEAM
10) RBC membrane is …..
a) covered from outside by prominent glycocalyx responsible for RBCs
flexibility
b) supported from inside by well-developed cytoskeleton responsible
for protecting RBCs from being damaged while passing through
narrow peripheral capillaries
c) covered from outside by prominent glycocalyx responsible for blood
groups
d) B & C together
11) The main aim of the biconcave discoid shape of RBCs is .......
a) facilitating binding to oxygen and carbon dioxide
b) selective permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide
c) increase surface area of RBCs ; thus carrying maximal amount of Hb
d) increase surface area of RBCS ; thus protecting RBCs
ALPHA TEAM
12) Stromal cells are characterized by all of the following except …..
a) they represent the fixed cell population of marrow stroma
b) they include reticular stromal cells , macrophages and adipocytes
c) they are an integral part of bone marrow stroma
d) they represent the free cell population of marrow stroma
13) PHSCs are characterized by …..
a) great ability to mitotic division
b) being relatively small cells with faint basophilic cytoplasm
c) being one of the myeloid cells
d) all of the above
14) CFU-GEMM is ….. meanwhile CFU-E is…
a)MHSCs_UHSCs
b) UHSCs – MHSCs
c) PHSCs – MHSC
d) none of the above
ALPHA TEAM
15) The first recognizable erythrocyte precursor is …..
a) basophilic erythroblast
b) proerythroblast
c) reticuloblast
d) normoblast
16) Hb synthesis is most active in ……
a) proerythroblasts
b) basophilic erythroblasts
c) polychromatophilic erythroblasts
d) orthochromatophilic erythroblasts
17) The last stage in which cells undergo repeated cell divisions is ……
a) mature RBCS
b) reticulocytes
c) orthochromatophilic erythroblasts
d) polychromatophilic erythroblasts
ALPHA TEAM
18) The period taken to form mature RBCs is ……………
a) 10 days
b) 5 days
c) 7 days
d) 3 days
19) The last cells produced by mitotic division in erthropoiesis
are………………..
a) Polychromatoplilic erythroblasts
b) Basophilic erythroblasts
c) Mature RBCs
d) All of the above
20) When MHSCs divide, they give
a) CFU-Ly
b) Mature RBCs
c) CFU-GEMM
d) A&C
ALPHA TEAM
Physiology
21) Normal plasma volume is about ………….
a) 2 Liters
b) 3 Liters
c) 4 Liters
d) 5 Liters
22) Venous blood is…………….
a) Bluish
b) Bright red
c) Reddish violet
d) Green
23) Proteins are present in the blood as …………acids and their salts
with a ……… baase.
a) Weak – Weak
b) Strong – Strong
c) Strong – Weak
d) Weak – Strong
ALPHA TEAM
24) The plasma is … times as viscous as water
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
25) …causes decrease of blood viscosity
a) Polycythemia
b) Dehydration
c) Increase of RBCs
d) Hypoproteinamia
26) All of the following is refering to the blood, except
a) Connective tissue
b) Maintain homeostasis
c) Distributes hormones
d) Doesn’t have protective function
ALPHA TEAM
27) The PH of Arterial blood is
a) 7.4+-0.02
b) 7.38
c) 7.36
d) 7.34
28) What is happening during deficiency of blood viscosity
a) Anemia
b) Polycythemia
c) Leukemia
d) Oligocythemia
29) High blood viscosity is ......
a) caused by blood cells and plasma proteins
b) responsible for peripheral vascular resistance
c) essential for maintaining normal ABP
d) all of the above
ALPHA TEAM
30) The most abundant plasma constituent from the following is .....
a) organic substances
b) water
c) inorganic substances
d) nutrients and waste products
31) Concentration of plasma proteins in blood ranges from .....
a) 7 – 9 g/mL
b) 7 – 8 g/dL
c) 7 – 8 g/mL
d) 7 – 9 g/Dl
32) Capillary walls being impermeable to plasma proteins contributes to
a ) immunity function of plasma proteins
b ) regulation of arterial blood pressure by plasma proteins
c ) regulation of blood volume by plasma proteins
d)buffering action of plasma proteins
ALPHA TEAM
33) … is responsible for the flexibility of RBCs
a) Well developed cytoskeleton
b) Glycocalyx coat
c) Network of microfilaments attached to peripheral proteins
d) A and c
34) Old and deformed RBCs are recognized and phagocytosed by the
macrophages in the … …
a) Liver and kidney
b) Liver and stomach
c) Liver and spleen
d) Kidney and spleen
35) … Is One of the largest cells in the bone marrow
a) Macrophages
b) Reticular stromal cells
c) Adipocytes
d) A and c
ALPHA TEAM
36) The ratio between the viscosity of the blood and the plasma is
a) 1:1
b) 5:1
c) 5:2
d) 5:3
37) The ratio between the viscosity of the RBCs and the plasma protein is
a) 1:1
b) 5:3
c) 3:2
d) 2:3
38) All of the following proteins synthesis in the liver EXCEPT
a) Albumin
b) Globulin
c) Globulin
d) Globulin
ALPHA TEAM
39) The percentage of the plasma proteins in the blood is
a) 7 %
b) 9 %
c) 1 %
d) 2 %
40) The protein which is formed in the …………………. Has an
immunity role.
a) Liver
b) Lymphoid tissue
c) A & B
d) None of the above
41) If viscosity of H2O is 10 , viscosity of blood is …
a)30
b)50
c)40
d)5
ALPHA TEAM
42) Plasma proteins function in the transport of hormones from … to
target organs
a) Mixocrine glands
b) Exocrine glands
c) Endocrine glands
d) B and c
43) …globulin protects the body against pathogenic organisms and their
toxins
a) Alpha
b) Beta
c) Gamma
d) Epsilon
44) The function of plasma albumin is
a) Sharing in clotting process
b) Body defense
c) Transport of metal minerals
d) Effective blood osmotic pressure
ALPHA TEAM
45) Which is the most abundant type of cellular element in the blood
a) Erythrocytes
b) Monocytes
c) Lymphocytes
d) Platelets
46) The hormone controlling erythropoiesis is produced in
a) Brain
b) Heart
c) Kidney
d) Pancreas
47) Antibodies are…………
a)gamma globulins
b) type of plasma electrolyte
c) produced by B lymphocytes
d) both a&c
ALPHA TEAM
48) Hemoglobin ……
a)consists of a protein made Up of 4 poly peptide chains and 4 iron
containing nitrogen group
b)can combine with O2 only
c)appears reddish when oxygenated and bluish when deoxygenated
d)both a&c
49) Which of the following conditions would result in increased rates of
erythropoiesis……
a)high altitude
b)loss of blood
c)increased physical activity
d)all of the above
ALPHA TEAM
50) Iron ……..
a)can combine reversibly with O2
b)deficiency can produce anemia
c)is stored in the body as ferrtin
d)all of the above
51) Erythropoiesis ……….
a)is formed in the bone marrow upon stimulation by erythropoietin
b)is formed in the kidney upon reduced O2
c)refers to RBC destruction
d)formation of RBCs
52) The affinity of haemoglobin for O2 is affected by
a) changes in pH
b) temperature
c) concentration of certain substances in the red cells
d) all the above
ALPHA TEAM
53) O2 is attached to the ……….
a) ferrous ion
b) ferric ion
c) none of the above
54) The specific hormone which affects formation of red cells is
a) thyroxine hormones
b) male hormones
c) growth hormones
d) erythropoietin
55) When someone inhales CO he may die because of..
a) Destruction of cardiac muscles
b) Rapid decrease of Oxygen amount in body tissues
c) Converting ferric ion in the heme into ferrous ion
d) A and C
ALPHA TEAM
56) …… is essential for intra-cellular oxidation
a) Copper
b) Cobalt
c) Iron
d) Non of the above
57) …….. patients suffer from anemia
a) Hypercholesterolemia
b) Hypothyroidism
c) Polycythemia
d) Hyperadrenalemia
58) The hemoglobin affinity for O2 is much lower than
its affinity for ..............
a)Co2
b)Co
c)Cl
d)HCo3
ALPHA TEAM
59) "Hemarocrit value" is the %volume of ..............in
relation to whole blood.
a)RBCs
b)WBCS
c)platelets
d)none of the above
60) ...................stimulates formation of erythropoietin.
a)hypoproteinamia
b)hypoxia
c)polycythemia
d)dehydration
ALPHA TEAM
61) Erythropoietin stimulates production of ...................
a)PHSCs
b)MHSCs
c)proerythroblasts
d)basophilic erythroblasts
62) The hemoglobin attached to ferric iron called …..
a) Methemoglobain
b) Monoxyglobain
c) Oxyhomoglobain
d) Reduced hemoglobin
63) Aplastic anemia causes deficiency of ……
a) Erythrocyte
b) Lymphocyte
c) Eosinophil
d) All of above
ALPHA TEAM
64) The rate of erythropoietin formation decreases when …..
a) Hypoxia
b) The blood cotainins methemoglobin
c) The blood contain carbon monoxyhemoglobin
d) O2 transported to tissues is above normal
65) Erythropoietin is a ……… hormone
a) Steroid
b) proteoglycan
c) Glycoprotein
d) None of the above
66) Hemoglobin has …% of iron , while myoglobin has ….%
a) 60 / 3
b) 70 / 3
c) 60 / 4
d) 70 / 4
ALPHA TEAM
67) Maturation factors of red blood cells include …..
a) B12 & formic acid
b) B13 & formic acid
c) B12 & folic acid
d) B13 & folic acid
68) Which of the following is not true about erythropoietin:
a)It is secreted from the kidney and liver.
b)Its action is decreased when hypoxia is relieved
c)90% of erythropoeitin is formed in kidney.
d)It stimulates production of basophilic erythroblasts.
69) Hemoglobin is able to bind O2 :
a)loosely&reversibly
b)loosly&irreversibly
c)roughly&reversibly
d)roughly&irreversibly
ALPHA TEAM
70) Hepatocytes and enterocytes contain about ....... of iron present in ferritin:
a)70%
b)3%
c)27%
d)noon of the above
ALPHA TEAM
Biochemistry
71) The 4 pyrrole rings of the Prophyrin linked by ……… bridges.
a) Vinyl
b) Methyl
c) Methenyl
d) Propionyl
72) The valency of iron in this hemoglobin is…….
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
73) Which one of the following refers to the beta polypeptide chain?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) None of the above
ALPHA TEAM
74) Which of the following is true?
a) Fetal Hb is replaced by Adult Hb at the age of 9 months
b) Minor Adult Hb has 2 alpha and 2 beta chains
c) Hb A1c gives an idea about the blood glucose levels during the last 3
months
d) HbF has low affinity for Oxygen
75) Heme is …….
a) Iron porphin
b) Copper porphyrin
c) Iron porphyrin
d) Copper porphin
76) Iron in heme is found as …..
a) Ferrous stute
b) Ferric state
c) Feco3
d) Iron in ground state
ALPHA TEAM
77) Gamma chain in HBF has …… in site 21
a) Serine
b) Histidine
c) Arginine
d) Lysine
78) Globin is a protein part of hemoglobin which is highly ...........
a)acidic
b)basic
c)neutral
d)none of the above
79) The ratio of Globin to heme is ............
a)1:4
b)4:1
c)1:1
d)1:2
ALPHA TEAM
80) The hemoglobin that it's percentage increased in prediabetic and
diabetic patients is ..............
a)Hb A1
b)Hb A2
c)Hb A1c
d)HbF
81) porphine nucleus is made of ……..
a) 4 pyrrole rings , 4 methylene bridges
b) 4 imidazole rings , 4 methylene bridges
c) 4 pyrrole rings , 4 methenyl bridges
d) 4 imidazole rings , 4 methenyl bridges
ALPHA TEAM
82) Which of the following is type І isomer of porphyrins ….
a) AP,AP,AP,PA
b) AP,AP,PA,AP
c) AP,PA,AP,AP
d) AP,AP,AP,AP
83) The transport of O2 is based on ……..interaction between O2 and
iron of heme.
a) Physical & chemical
b) Physical
c) Chemical
d) None of the above
84) One haemoglobin contains
a) 4 polypeptide chains and 4 heme
b) 4 polypeptide chains and 1 heme
c) 1 polypeptide chain and 4 heme
d) none of the above
ALPHA TEAM
85) In haemoglobin , the iron present in ferrous state and is linked to
……..
a) 4 nitrogen atoms
b) 5 nitrogen atoms
c) 2 nitrogen atoms
d) none of the above
86) Fetal haemoglobin contains
a) 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains
b) 2 alpha and 2 beta chains
c) 2 alpha and 2 delta chains
87) Which of the following chains is most essential in hemoglobin
structure?
a)alpha
b)beta
c)gamma
d)delta
ALPHA TEAM
88) Hemoglobin A 1C
a)IS THE I MAIN hemoglobin in blood
b)decrease in diabetic patient
c)is glycated adult hemoglobin
d)has glucose attached to the iron of hemoglobin
89) Gamma chain in fetus ..........after delivery.
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same
d) Other
90) Glucose presence in heamoglobin depends on.............
a) Enzymes
b) Hormones
c) Glucose concentration in the blood
d) Other
ALPHA TEAM
91) The alpha chain of globin is:
a)composed of 141 amino acids
b)folded into 7 helices
c)composed of 146 amino acids
d)a&b
92) The bond between the 5th position of ferrous iron and imidazol ring of
proximal histidine in heme called:
a)covalent
b)non-covalent
c)coordination bond
d)hydrogen bond
ALPHA TEAM
93) Globin is a simple protein characterized by its high content of
a)histidine and glycine
b)histidine and proline
c)histidine and lysine
d)serine and threonine
94) HBA2 constitutes about ....... of the total hemoglobin.
a)2-4%
b)8-14%
c)5%
d)95-97%
ALPHA TEAM
Histology
1-b 2-b 3-c 4-b 5-a
6-b 7-d 8-a 9-d 10-d
11-c 12-d 13-d 14-a 15-b
16-b 17-d 18-c 19-a 20-d
Physiology
21-b 22-a 23-d 24-a 25-d
26-d 27-a 28-a 29-d 30-b
31-d 32-c 33-d 34-c 35-c
36-c 37-c 38-d 39-a 40-b
41-b 42-c 43-c 44-d 45-a
46-c 47-d 48-d 49-d 50-d
51-d 52-d 53-a 54-d 55-b
56-c 57-b 58-b 59-a 60-b
61-c 62-a 63-d 64-d 65-c
66-b 67-c 68-d 69-a 70-c
Biochemistry
71-c 72-a 73-b 74-c 75-c
76-a 77-a 78-b 79-a 80-c
81-c 82-d 83-b 84-a 85-b
86-a 87-a 88-c 89-b 90-c
91-d 92-c 93-c 94-a
ALPHA TEAM
