1
Some people believe government should spend money on building train and subway lines
to reduce traffic congestion. Others think that building more and wider roads is the better
way to reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
spend money on building train and subway Invest in train and subway infrastructure
lines Construct train and subway lines
Build railway and metro systems
Develop mass transit systems
Fund transportation infrastructure
Expand train and subway networks
Improve public transit systems
Create railway and subway networks
Upgrade transportation systems
Modernize train and subway lines
Enhance railway and metro services
Implement new train and subway projects
Establish transportation corridors
Install train and subway tracks
Lay down railway and metro lines
reduce traffic congestion Alleviate traffic congestion
Ease traffic congestion
Mitigate traffic congestion
Reduce traffic jams
Relieve traffic congestion
Lessen traffic congestion
Minimize traffic congestion
Control traffic flow
Manage traffic congestion
Tackle traffic congestion
Combat traffic congestion
Address traffic congestion
Solve traffic congestion
Decrease traffic congestion
Improve traffic flow
building more and wider roads Constructing additional and broader
highways
Developing more and wider streets
Building new and wider roadways
Expanding the size and number of roads
Constructing broader and more extensive
thoroughfares
Creating additional and wider avenues
Increasing the capacity of roads
Widening and improving roadways
Extending the length and width of roads
Enhancing the size and structure of highways
Broadening and upgrading streets
Installing more and wider lanes
Building larger and more efficient highways
Expanding the network of roads.
the better way The superior method
The optimal approach
The improved technique
The preferable solution
The more advantageous way
The superior alternative
The best course of action
The more effective means
The ideal strategy
The superior way forward
The better option
The more satisfactory method
The more successful route
The superior path
The optimal means
Body 1 - building train and subway lines
+ decrease the number of daily travelers on main streets
trains or subways with huge capacity can carry hundreds of passengers at the same time -> a
significant reduction of private vehicles -> tackling congested roads
+ rail transportation systems move on their own dedicated lanes
relieve the density of vehicles on the main road -> easing congestion
Body 2 - improving the size of roads and streets
+ allow a higher volume of traffic and enable more vehicles to circulate smoothly.
traffic jam <- the density of vehicles that exceeds the capacity of the current system.
+ a permanent solution to the situation of traffic jams
the improvement of living standards -> more private car owners ->the increase of road
capacity can accommodate a great deal of traffic - > easing traffic jams.
2
In some cities and towns all over the world, traffic jams is a problem. What are the causes
of this and what actions can be taken to solve this problem?
traffic jams Congestion
Gridlock
Bottleneck
Heavy traffic
a problem An issue
A difficulty
A challenge
A predicament
A dilemma
An obstacle
A complication
A crisis
A trouble
A concern
A matter
An adversity
Body 1
+ the extremely dense population is generally seen in metropolitan areas, -> the immense
number of traffic participants.
people in the countryside tend to migrate to urban areas -> traffic congestion during rush
hours
+ the poor quality of infrastructure
roads - with many potholes + the lack of traffic facilities such as traffic signals, road
markings and warning signs -> traffic accidents -> traffic jams.
Body 2
+ issue a number of counter-urbanization policies to reduce the volume of vehicles
people can be encouraged to resettle in rural areas -> a reduction in the number of traffic
participants -> traffic jams.
+ periodically improve the quality of infrastructure
conducting regular road maintenance and building modern facilities such as highways,
overpasses and underpasses -> ease the pressure on the roads.
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. Do you think the advantages of
driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages?
In the future Coming years
Sometime in the future
In the years to come
driverless Autonomous
Self-driving
Unmanned
Automated
Robotic
Self-directed
Self-operating
Hands-free
Self-navigating
Self-piloted
Self-guided
Self-contained
Machine-driven
Self-controlled
Self-regulated
Self-propelled
Driver-free
Body 1
+ these models provide easy access to individuals with disabilities
disabled travelers can get food from a restaurant or pick up the laundry themselves
+ automation may help reduce the detrimental effects that regular vehicles have on
environment.
human drivers often misuse gas and brakes -> burn more gas than necessary
vs
self-driving cars - work in an energy-efficient way + travel on the most convenient routes ->
consuming less fuel + curbing the emissions released into the air.
Body 2
+ the difficulty in ensuring its reliability.
programmable driverless vehicles are prone to technical glitches -> malfunction
+ human drivers can be deprived of their livelihoods
those who work in trucking, public transit, and delivery services – jobless -> the increasing
unemployment rate
