ASSIGNMENT - 1

HISTORY OF KABADDI

ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
Name : Ankit Meena

Roll no.
NAME = SAHIL : 23/EC/023
YADAV
ROLL NO. =Branch
2K22/MC/141
: Electronics and Communication

BRANCH= MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING =

Manual of Kabaddi

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 HISTORY OF KABADDI

1.1.Origin of Kabaddi

The sport has a long history dating back to pre-historic times. It was probably invented to
ward off croup attacks by individuals and vice-versa. The game was very popular in the southern
part of Asia played in its different forms under different names. A dramatized version of the great
Indian epic, the “Mahabharata” has made an analogy of the game to a tight situation faced by
Abhimanyu, the heir of ' the PANDAV kings when he is surrounded on all sides by the enemy.
Buddhist literature speaks of the Gautam Buddha playing Kabaddi for recreation. History also
reveals that princes of yore played Kabaddi to display their strength and win their brides

The game, known as Hu-Tu-Tu in Western India, Ha-Do-Do in Eastern India & Bangladesh,
Chengudu in Southern India and Kaunbada in Northern India, has undergone a sea chance through
the ages. Modem Kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in its various forms under different
names.

Kabaddi is aptly known as the "GAME OF THE MASSES "due to its popularity, simplicity,
easy to comprehend rules, and public appeal. The game calls for no sophisticated equipment what
so ever, which makes it a very popular sport in the developing countries. It is basically an outdoor
sport played on clay court, of late the game is being played on synthetic surface indoors with great
success. The duration of the game is 45 minutes for men & Junior boys with a 5 minutes break in
between for the teams to change sides. The duration of the game is 35 minutes with a 5 minutes
break in between for women, girls, Sub-Junior boys and sub junior girls.
Kabaddi is a combative team game, played on a rectangular court, either out-doors or indoors
with seven players on the ground for each side. Each side takes alternate chances of offence and
defense. The basic idea of the game is to score points by raiding into the opponent court and touching
as many defense players as possible without getting caught on a single breath. During play, the
players on the defensive side are called "Antis" while the player of the offense is called the "Raider".
Kabaddi is perhaps the only combative sport in which attack is an individual attempt while defense
is a group effort. The attack in Kabaddi is known as a 'Raid'. The antis touched by the raider during
the attack are declared 'out' if they do not succeed in catching, the raider before he returns to home
court. These players can resume play only when their side scores points against the opposite side
during their raiding turn or if the remaining players succeed in catching the opponent’s raider. Yoga,
the Indian science to control body and mind through meditation and self-control plays an integral
part of Kabaddi. The raider has to enter the opponent's court chanting the word "Kabaddi" while
holding his breath and has to continue to do so until he returns to his home court. This is known as
'Cant', which is closely related to "Pranayama” of yoga. While Pranayama is about with holding
breath in order to exercise internal organs, cant is the means to with hold breath with vigorous
physical activity. This is perhaps one of the few sports to combine yoga with hectic physical activity.
The game calls for agility, good lung capacity, muscular co-ordination, presence of mind and
quick responses. For a single player to take on seven opponents is no mean task, requires dare as
well as an ability to concentrate and anticipate the opponent’s move.
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 1.2. History of Kabaddi In India

Kabaddi is a wrestling sport originating from very early Indian civilization. The word
Kabaddi is derived from a Tamil word Kai-pidi (ை க-ப ), literally meaning "(let's) Hold Hands",
which is indeed the crucial aspect of play. It is the national game of Bangladesh, and the state game of
Tamil Nadu, Punjab and Andhra Pradesh in India. The national kabaddi champion in India is the famous
Peter Singh Virk.
Modern Kabaddi is a synthesis of the game which is played in various forms under
different names. Kabaddi received international exposure during the 1936 Berlin Olympics,
demonstrated by Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal, Amaravati, Maharashtra. The game was
introduced in the Indian Olympic Games at Calcutta in 1938. In 1950 the All India Kabaddi Federation
came into existence and compiled standard rules. The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI)
was founded in 1973. After formation of the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India, the first men's
nationals were held in Madras (re-named Chennai), while the women's were in Calcutta (renamed
Kolkata) in 1955.The AKFI has given new shape to the rules and has the right to modify them. The
Asian Kabaddi Federation was founded under the chairmanship of Mr. Janardan Singh Gehlot.

The first men's kabaddi nationals championship on Mat and indoor Stadium were held in
Pune and this championship Organized by Badami Haud Sangh in Pune. Kabaddi was introduced and
popularized in Japan in 1979. The Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation sent Prof. Sundar Ram of India
to tour Japan for two months to introduce the game.

In 1979, a return test between Bangladesh and India was held at different places of India
including Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Punjab. The Asian Kabaddi Championship was arranged in 1980
and India emerged as champion and Bangladesh runner-up. Bangladesh became runner-up again in
1985 in the Asian Kabaddi Championship held in Jaipur, India. The other teams in the tournament were
Nepal, Malaysia and Japan. The game was included for the first time in the Asian Games in Beijing in
1990. India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh took part. India won the gold
medal and has also won gold at the following six Asian Games in Hiroshima in 1994, Bangkok in 1998,
Busan in 2002, Doha in 2006 and Guangzhou in 2010. In the 1998 Asian games the Indian Kabaddi
team defeated Pakistan in a thrilling final match at Bangkok (Thailand). The chief coach of the team
was former kabaddi player and coach Flt. Lt. S P Singh.
Kabaddi is one of the most popular games which are played in villages. In this game two
teams occupy opposite halves of a field and take turns sending a raider into the other half, in order to
win points by tackling members of the opposing team, the raider then tries to return to his own half,
holding his breath and chanting the word Kabaddi during the whole raid. The raider must not cross the
lobby unless he touches any of his opponents. If he does so then he will be declared as out. In the
international team version of kabaddi, two teams of seven members each occupy opposite halves of a
field of 10 m × 13 m in case of men and 8 m × 12 m in case of women. Each has three supplementary
players held in reserve. The game is of two halves 20-minutes each and a fiveminute halftime break
during which the teams exchange sides.
Teams take turns sending a raider to the opposite team's half, where the goal of the raider

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is to touch the members of the opposite team before returning to the home half. The members which
are touched by the raider are out and temporarily sent off the field.
The goal of the defenders is to stop the raider from returning to the home side before
taking a breath.If any of the seven players cross the lobby without touching the raider he will be declared
as out.
The raider is sent off the field if:

• the raider takes a breath before returning

Each time when a player is out, the opposing team earns a point. A team scores a bonus of two
points, called a lona, if the entire opposing team is declared out. At the end of the game, the team with
the most points wins.

Matches are categorized based on age and weight. Six officials supervise a match: one referee, two
umpires, a scorer and two assistant.

1.3. Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation

The Asian Amateur Kabaddi Federation (AAKF) was formed in the year 1978, during the
silver jubilee celebrations of National Kabaddi Championships in India, organized at Bhilai, Madhya
Pradesh. The 1st Asian Kabaddi Championship was organize in Calcutta in the year 1980 and was
included as a demonstration game in the 9th Asian Games, New Delhi in the year 1982. The game
was included in the South Asian Federation (SAF) games from the year 1984 at
Dacca, Bangladesh. Kabaddi was included as a regular sports discipline in the 11 th Beijing Asian
Games 1990 and India won the lone Gold Medal in the Asian Games in Kabaddi. India is the reigning
champion in the succeeding Asian Games held in Hiroshima 1994, Bangkok 1998, and Busan 2002
& recently at Doha 2006 and created history in Indian sports by winning five consecutive Gold
medals in the Asian Games so far. A goodwill tour was organized in the year 1981 in which, the
Indian men & women teams visited Thailand, Japan and Malaysia to play exhibition Kabaddi
matches. Federation Cup Kabaddi matches also commenced in the year 1981.

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 For the first time in the history of Asian Games a separate indoor stadium was built for
Kabaddi competition and training in the 15th Asian Games held at Doha (Qatar) 2006. The training/
warming up courts and main field of play was made up of puzzle mats of Korean make. The main
field of play was equipped with a giant public screen, which displayed replays and the running score.
Two Tissot plasma scoreboards, info terminals for the presentation crew, the ceremony crew and the
media were provided.

The second Asian Championship was hosted by India and was organized at Jaipur,
Rajasthan. Malaysia and Japan participated for the first time in this Championship. In the XI Asian
Games held in the year 1990 at Beijing, China, Kabaddi was included in the main disciplines. This
was a major landmark in the history of Kabaddi. India won the Gold Medal, which was a proud and
unforgettable moment for Kabaddi lovers who had strived to bring Kabaddi to the Asian platform.
India has been the reigning champion in the succeeding Asian Games held in 1994 at Hiroshima,
Japan and in the Asian Games held in 1998 at Bangkok in Thailand.
An International Women Kabaddi tournament commenced in the year 1995, called the
Nike Gold Cup, sponsored by NIKE, Japan. The III Asian Championship was hosted by SriLanka in
the year 2000. For the first time, Sri-Lanka secured a silver medal, defeating Kabaddi stalwarts
Pakistan, in this Championship.

Kabaddi will be introduced to the African countries as a demonstration sport in the AfroAsian
Games, which is to be hosted by India in the year 2002. This is a feather in the cap for Kabaddi
lovers and has been made possible thanks to the efforts of Mr. J.S.Gehlot, President, Amateur
Kabaddi Federation of India and the Indian Olympic Association.

The 15th Asian Games Doha provided an excellent opportunity to showcase Kabaddi to the
Europeans and Australians who were in great numbers in organizing the Asian Games. A good many
spectators belonging to European countries, USA, Australia, Western Asia, and the Mediterranean
countries, who saw the Game for the first time, were very impressed with the simple rules and the
thrill of the sport and desired to introduce the sport in their countries. This has given Kabaddi very
good and positive exposure for its future development in the continents of Europe, USA, Australia
and Africa.

Kabaddi has been included as a major discipline in the 2 nd Asian Indoor games to be held at
Macau from 25th October to 3rd November 2007 and in the Asian Beach Games being hosted by
Indonesia in 2008, which are major landmarks in the history of the game.

There has been a gradual but significant change in the trends of the game since the past 50
years. What was once considered a game of brawn is not so now. The introduction of mats, shoes,
new techniques & changes in rules has made the sport more interesting and advantageous to skilled
players who are now able to defeat heavier players with better skills & techniques.

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1.4. Development of kabaddi in India

Kabaddi attained National status in the year 1918. Maharashtra was the pioneer state to bring
the game to the National platform and give it further popularity. Standard rules and regulations were
formulated in 1918 but were brought out in print in the year 1923 and in this very year, an All India
Tournament was organized at Baroda with these rules. Kabaddi has not looked back since then and
numerous tournaments are organized all over the country throughout the year.

The game got further recognition when the School Games Federation of India included it in
the school games in the year 1962. This body has taken up the responsibility of organizing state and
national level competitions for school going children all over the country in various sports on a
regular basis, every year.

Kabaddi was included in the curriculum of Regular Diploma courses in coaching conducted
by the National Institute of Sports, the premier institute to develop sports in the country with effect
from the year 1971. There after, qualified coaches in Kabaddi are being produced every ear. The
neighboring countries, Nepal & Bangladesh also send I their coaches for the diploma course in
various disciplines including Kabaddi, regularly. These qualified coaches are equipped to train
players at different levels in a systematic manner with sports science back up.

The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India, the new body, came into existence in the year
1972. This body was formed with a view to popularize the game in the neighboring countries and
organize regular National level Men and Women tournaments. After the formation of this body,
subjunior and junior sections were included in Kabaddi national level tournaments, as a regular
feature.
In the year 1974, the Indian men's team toured Bangladesh as part of the cultural exchange
program to play five test matches in different parts of the country. The Bangladesh returned the visit
in the year 1979 and played five test matches in India.

Kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names.
Kabaddi received international exposure during the 1936 Berlin Olympics, demonstrated by
Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal, Amaravati, Maharashtra. The game was introduced in the
Indian Olympic Games at Calcutta in 1938. In 1950 the All India Kabaddi Federation came into
existence and compiled standard rules. After formation of the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India,
the first men's nationals were held in Madras (renamed Chennai), while the women's were in Calcutta
(renamed Kolkata) in 1955.The AKFI has given new shape to the rules and has the right to modify
them. The Asian Kabaddi Federation (AKF) was founded under the chairmanship of Mr. Janardan
Singh Gehlot.

Kabaddi was introduced and popularised in Japan in 1979. The Asian Amateur Kabaddi
Federation sent Professor Sundar Ram of India to tour Japan for two months to introduce the game.

In 1979, a return test between Bangladesh and India was held at different places of India
including Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Punjab. The Asian Kabaddi Championship was arranged in
1980 and India emerged as champion and Bangladesh runner-up. Bangladesh became runner-up
again in 1985 in the Asian Kabaddi Championship held in Jaipur, India. The other teams in the
tournament were Nepal, Malaysia and Japan. The game was included for the first time in the Asian

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Games in Beijing in 1990. India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh took
part. India won the gold medal and has also won gold at the following six Asian Games in
Hiroshima in 1994, Bangkok in 1998, Busan in 2002, Doha in 2006 and Guangzhou in 2010.

An attempt to popularise kabaddi in Great Britain was carried out by Channel 4, who
commissioned a programme dedicated to the sport. The programme, Kabaddi in the early 1990s,
however, failed to capture viewer attention despite fixtures such as West Bengal Police versus the
Punjab. Kabaddi was axed in 1992, but not before its presenter Krishnan Guru-Murthy suffered a
collapsed lung while participating in the sport. Alt-rock band The Cooper Temple Clause formed a
kabbadi team in 2001 and were, at one stage, ranked seventh in the British domestic standings.

In the 1998 Asian games held at Bangkok (Thailand), the Indian Kabaddi team clinched the
gold medal. The chief coach of the team was former kabaddi player and coach Flt. Lt. S P Singh.

1.5. FORMS OF KABADDI

1.5.1. FAMAR

Amar literally means invincible. This is a form of Kabaddi, which is played based -on points
scored by both sides. The play field has no specific measurements and nine to eleven players
constitute each of the teams. In this form of Kabaddi, there is no 'out' and .revival' system or 'Iona'
but time is the deciding factor. The main advantage of this form of the game is that tile players remain
in the court throughout the match and are able to give their best performance.

1.5.2. GEMINI

This form of Kabaddi is played with nine players on either side, in a play-field of no specific
measurements. The principle characteristic of this form of Kabaddi is that a player who is put out
has to remain out until all his team members are put out. The team that is successful in putting out
all the players of the opponent's side secures a point. This is akin to the present system of 'Iona'.
After all the players are put out, the team is revived and the game continues. The game continues
until five or seven 'Iona' are secured. The game has no fixed time. The main disadvantage of this
form of Kabaddi is that the player Is not in position to give his best performance since he is likely to
remain out for the better part of the match until a Iona is scored.

1.5.3. SANJEEVANI
This form of Kabaddi is the closest to the present game. In this form of Kabaddi, players are
put out and revived and the game lasts for 40 minutes with a 5-minute break in between. The team
consists of nine players on each side. The team that puts out all the players on the opponent's side
scores four extra points for a 'Iona'. The winning team is the one that scores the maximum number
of points at the end of 40 minutes. The play field is bigger in this form of Kabaddi and the 'cant' was
different in various regions. Modem Kabaddi resembles this form of Kabaddi a great deal especially
with regard to 'out & revival system' and 'Iona'. The present form of Kabaddi is a synthesis of all
these forms of Kabaddi with a good number of changes in the rules and regulations.

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1.6. Inter-national Kabaddi Federation (IKF)

The Inter-national Kabaddi Federation (IKF) was formed during the 1st World Cup in
Kabaddi 2004 at Mumbai in India. The International Kabaddi Federation is the international
governing body of Kabaddi Its membership comprises 31 national associations. The founder
president is being Janardan Singh Gehlot from India. The other office bearers were: Mohammed Ali
Pour (Iran), Khana Jawa (Japan), Veerawat (Thailand), Yoon Yeong Hak (South Korea), Ashok Das
(United Kingdom); (Vice-president), Nisar Ahmed (Germany); (Secretary), R.M. Sunderashan
(Malaysia); (Treasurer), Jaya Shetty (India); (CEO), Shankarrao Salvi (India); (Adviser). India won
the First World Cup by beating Iran in the finals. The First Asian Women Championship was held at
Hyderabad in 2005 and India won the Gold Medal. Women Kabaddi was included for the first time
in the South Asian Games held in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 2006. The second World Cup was held in
India at Panvel in 2007 and India once again reigned supreme.