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Class 10 Social Science – Final Exam
Answer Key
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 80
🏛️ Section A – History: The Rise of Nationalism in
Europe
📌 A. Multiple Choice Questions (1 × 5 = 5 marks)
Q1. c) Otto von Bismarck
Q2. b) Britain
Q3. b) Herder
Q4. b) 1815
Q5. a) Poland
✍️ B. Short Answer Questions (3 × 5 = 15 marks)
Q6. Nationalism used language and folklore to unify people. In Poland, after Russian
occupation, Polish was banned but continued in churches and schools secretly. This
strengthened unity.
Q7. Yes. The revolution of 1848 failed because:
1. Lack of unity among liberal leaders.
2. Strong repression by monarchies.
3. Failure to gain support from peasants and workers.
Q8. Nationalism in the Balkans caused conflicts due to:
1. Ethnic diversity and rising national identities.
2. Ambitions of Balkan nations for independence.
3. Interference by imperial powers like Austria and Russia.
Q9. Liberalism promoted freedom of speech, equality before law, and parliamentary
systems. It united people under common ideals, aiding nationalist movements.
Q10. The Frankfurt Parliament failed because:
1. No support from monarchy.
2. Internal divisions between social classes.
3. Rejection of the crown by the Prussian king.
📚 C. Long Answer Questions (5 × 3 = 15 marks)
Q11.
Aspect Italy Germany
Leader Cavour and Garibaldi Otto von Bismarck
Strategy Diplomacy and popular revolt Blood and iron (wars)
Outcome Unified as constitutional monarchy Unified as a strong empire
Q12. Nationalism and liberalism were linked. Example: France (1848), Germany
(Frankfurt Parliament), and Italy (Cavour’s reforms). People demanded constitutional
rights and democratic participation.
Q13. Cultural movements like romanticism glorified past traditions. Folk tales, songs,
and poetry (e.g. Grimm Brothers in Germany) united people emotionally and built
national identity.
📄 D. Source-Based Question (5 marks)
Q14.
a) Due to strict repression by conservative monarchs after 1815.
b) Carbonari in Italy, Giuseppe Mazzini.
c) They spread revolutionary ideas, kept the spirit of nationalism alive, and laid the
groundwork for future revolts.
🖼️ E. Image Interpretation (5 marks)
Q15.
a) Sword – readiness to fight; Crown – symbol of sovereignty.
b) These paintings inspired national pride and collective identity.
c) Yes. Modern political symbols (flags, emblems) still rally people.
🌍 Section B – Geography: Resources and
Development (20 marks)
Q1. Black soil is ideal for cotton. Found in Maharashtra.
Q2. Human activities causing land degradation:
● Overgrazing
● Deforestation
● Mining
Q3. Resource planning: Strategy for judicious use of resources.
Steps:
1. Resource inventory and mapping
2. Evolving a planning structure
3. Implementation with technology and public participation
Q4.
Red Soil: Reddish, sandy, less fertile. Crops: Cotton, pulses
Laterite Soil: Rich in iron, needs fertilisers. Crops: Tea, coffee
OR
Sustainable development means using resources without harming future needs.
Ways to conserve: Reuse water, avoid plastic, plant trees.
Q5.
a) Alluvial, Black, Red, Laterite
b) Relief and climate
c) Contour ploughing, terrace farming, afforestation
🏛️ Section C – Civics: Power Sharing (20 marks)
Q1.
● Horizontal: Among organs of govt (legislature, executive, judiciary)
● Vertical: Among different levels (union, state, local)
Q2. Power sharing:
1. Prevents tyranny
2. Promotes unity
3. Encourages democratic participation
Q3. Features of Belgian model:
1. Equal number of ministers from Dutch and French groups
2. Separate government for Brussels
3. Equal representation in education and culture
4. Power-sharing at community level
5. Group autonomy
OR
In Belgium: Power shared among ethnic groups
In Sri Lanka: Power concentrated with Sinhala majority
Q4. India’s diversity (language, religion) makes power sharing essential to avoid
conflicts and ensure representation (e.g. federal system, linguistic states).
Q5.
a) It ensures everyone has a voice in governance.
b) Federal structure and community government
c) Yes. It reduces alienation and builds harmony.
💰 Section D – Economics: Development (20 marks)
Q1. Sustainable development is using resources wisely to meet future needs.
Important due to climate change and pollution.
Q2. Public facilities (e.g. healthcare, education) improve quality of life more than
income.
Q3. Kerala: Lower per capita income but better literacy and health
Punjab: Higher income but weaker in social indicators
Conclusion: Income is not the sole measure of development.
Q4. HDI is published by UNDP. It includes:
● Life expectancy
● Literacy rate
● Per capita income
OR
No. Marginalised groups may not benefit equally. Example: Tribal communities
lacking access to facilities despite GDP growth.
Q5.
a) Country A: Higher literacy, better IMR → More developed
b) Income can hide inequality in access to services
c) Use renewable energy, recycle, reduce resource wastage
✅ End of Answer Key
