Here is a general chemistry syllabus for Grade 12 in Zambia, based on the
Examinations Council of Zambia (ECZ) curriculum:
First Term:
1. *Atomic Structure*
- Atomic models (Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr)
- Atomic number, mass number, and isotopes
- Electron configuration and the periodic table
2. *Periodic Table*
- Classification of elements (metals, non-metals, metalloids)
- Periodic trends (atomic radius, electronegativity, ionization energy)
3. *Chemical Bonding*
- Types of chemical bonds (ionic, covalent, metallic)
- Electrovalent and covalent bonding
Second Term:
1. *Chemical Reactions*
- Types of chemical reactions (synthesis, decomposition, displacement,
combustion)
- Chemical equations and stoichiometry
2. *Acids and Bases*
- Definition of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis)
- pH scale and calculation of pH
- Strong and weak acids and bases
3. *Oxidation and Reduction*
- Definition of oxidation and reduction
- Oxidation numbers and redox reactions
Third Term:
1. *Organic Chemistry*
- Introduction to organic chemistry
- Hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes)
- Functional groups (alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines)
2. *Physical Chemistry*
- States of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
- Phase changes and phase diagrams
- Thermodynamics (internal energy, enthalpy, entropy)
3. *Practical Chemistry*
- Laboratory techniques and safety
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis
Assessment:
- *Theory Exams*: 60%
- *Practical Exams*: 40%
Note: This syllabus is based on the ECZ curriculum and may be subject to
change.