1.

Narcotics & Controlled Substances Laws (20 MCQs)

1. Which organization is responsible for regulating narcotics and controlled substances in

Pakistan? a) Federal Board of Revenue (FBR)
b) Pakistan Medical Association (PMA)
c) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
d) Ministry of Health
Answer: c) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
2. Which of the following is considered a controlled substance under Pakistani law? a)
Paracetamol
b) Aspirin
c) Opium
d) Diphenhydramine
Answer: c) Opium
3. What is the primary purpose of narcotics laws in Pakistan? a) To restrict access to essential
medicines
b) To control the manufacture and distribution of addictive substances
c) To promote illegal drug trade
d) To reduce the availability of vaccines
Answer: b) To control the manufacture and distribution of addictive substances
4. Under the Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act 1997, which of the following is NOT a banned
narcotic? a) Heroin
b) Cannabis
c) Cocaine
d) Codeine
Answer: d) Codeine
5. Which schedule of the Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act 1997 lists drugs with severe abuse
potential? a) Schedule I
b) Schedule II
c) Schedule III
d) Schedule IV
Answer: a) Schedule I
6. The import, export, and production of narcotic drugs in Pakistan require a license issued
by: a) Pakistan Customs
b) DRAP
c) Ministry of Narcotics Control
d) Ministry of Finance
Answer: b) DRAP
7. What is the maximum punishment for illegal possession of narcotic substances in Pakistan?
a) 2 years imprisonment
b) 5 years imprisonment
c) 10 years imprisonment
d) Life imprisonment or death penalty
Answer: d) Life imprisonment or death penalty
8. Which of the following is required for the legal distribution of narcotic drugs in Pakistan?
a) A prescription
b) A valid license
 c) A health certificate
d) All of the above
Answer: b) A valid license
9. Which of the following drugs is classified as a narcotic under Pakistani law? a) Morphine
b) Caffeine
c) Penicillin
d) Paracetamol
Answer: a) Morphine
10. The Narcotics Control Bureau in Pakistan is primarily responsible for: a) Marketing of
narcotic drugs
b) Enforcement of narcotics laws
c) Licensing of pharmacies
d) Regulation of healthcare providers
Answer: b) Enforcement of narcotics laws
11. Which body regulates the classification and scheduling of narcotics in Pakistan? a) Ministry
of Finance
b) DRAP
c) Ministry of Health
d) Anti-Narcotics Force (ANF)
Answer: b) DRAP
12. Which of the following is a requirement for a pharmaceutical company to import narcotic
substances into Pakistan? a) Approval from the Anti-Narcotics Force
b) A Narcotic Import License
c) Permission from the local police
d) No specific permission is required
Answer: b) A Narcotic Import License
13. In Pakistan, which of the following substances is NOT classified as a narcotic? a) Fentanyl
b) Ketamine
c) Codeine
d) Sodium chloride
Answer: d) Sodium chloride
14. The primary agency for monitoring the production and distribution of controlled
substances in Pakistan is: a) Federal Investigation Agency (FIA)
b) Anti-Narcotics Force (ANF)
c) DRAP
d) Pakistan Police
Answer: c) DRAP
15. Which of the following is NOT typically regulated under narcotics control laws? a) Cannabis
b) Codeine
c) Amphetamines
d) Acetaminophen
Answer: d) Acetaminophen
16. Which of the following is a penalty for illegal trafficking of narcotic drugs in Pakistan? a)
Fine
b) Imprisonment
c) Both fine and imprisonment
 d) Reprimand
Answer: c) Both fine and imprisonment
17. Which of the following is a legitimate purpose for prescribing narcotic drugs in Pakistan? a)
To treat pain in cancer patients
b) To treat headaches
c) For recreational use
d) To treat stress
Answer: a) To treat pain in cancer patients
18. Under Pakistani law, which of the following is required when prescribing narcotic drugs? a)
A doctor’s prescription
b) A police clearance certificate
c) A valid ID
d) A special narcotic prescription form
Answer: d) A special narcotic prescription form
19. The Narcotics Control Act of Pakistan mandates that narcotic drugs be stored in: a) A cool,
dry place
b) Secure, locked facilities
c) Open areas for public access
d) Accessible locations for doctors and patients
Answer: b) Secure, locked facilities
20. Which of the following organizations oversees international narcotics control treaties that
Pakistan adheres to? a) World Health Organization (WHO)
b) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
c) International Narcotics Control Board (INCB)
d) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Answer: b) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

Great! Here are 20 MCQs for Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Good Storage Practices (GSP),
& Good Distribution Practices (GDP).

2. Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Good Storage Practices (GSP), & Good Distribution
Practices (GDP) (20 MCQs)

1. Which of the following is the main goal of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)? a) To
improve the quality of raw materials
b) To ensure the safety, quality, and efficacy of pharmaceuticals
c) To lower the production costs
 d) To increase production speed
Answer: b) To ensure the safety, quality, and efficacy of pharmaceuticals
2. What does GSP (Good Storage Practices) primarily focus on? a) Ensuring drugs are
manufactured correctly
b) Maintaining safe and optimal conditions for drug storage
c) Reducing the cost of storage
d) Expediting drug distribution
Answer: b) Maintaining safe and optimal conditions for drug storage
3. Which of the following is a critical requirement of GMP? a) Proper labeling of products
b) Regular training of employees
c) Maintaining clean production areas
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
4. Which of the following does NOT fall under the scope of Good Distribution Practices
(GDP)? a) Ensuring proper temperature control during transport
b) Maintaining proper hygiene in warehouses
c) Securing medications in manufacturing plants
d) Ensuring the integrity of the product during transportation
Answer: c) Securing medications in manufacturing plants
5. The storage temperature for most pharmaceutical products should be: a) Below 5°C
b) Between 15°C to 25°C
c) Over 40°C
d) Between 5°C to 15°C
Answer: b) Between 15°C to 25°C
6. Which of the following is a key requirement for GMP in the pharmaceutical manufacturing
process? a) Use of high-quality ingredients
b) Use of well-trained staff
c) Properly validated equipment
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
7. What is the purpose of a cleanroom in GMP? a) To ensure that there are no contaminants in
the manufacturing process
b) To improve the aesthetic appeal of the factory
c) To increase worker productivity
d) To store finished products
Answer: a) To ensure that there are no contaminants in the manufacturing process
8. Which of the following best describes a critical aspect of GDP? a) Ensuring proper packaging
and labeling of medicines
b) Ensuring that medicines are delivered to the correct location on time
c) Maintaining consistent humidity levels during storage
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
9. Which of the following is a key factor in the design of pharmaceutical storage areas? a)
Accessibility for customers
b) Temperature and humidity control
c) Proximity to transportation routes
 d) Cost reduction
Answer: b) Temperature and humidity control
10. Which of the following is required for ensuring GMP compliance in manufacturing
facilities? a) Written procedures and protocols for all processes
b) Unrestricted access to production areas for the public
c) Minimal documentation
d) Using only non-sterile equipment
Answer: a) Written procedures and protocols for all processes
11. Under GMP, the equipment used in manufacturing must be: a) Easy to use
b) Regularly cleaned and maintained
c) Left unattended for extended periods
d) Low-cost
Answer: b) Regularly cleaned and maintained
12. Which of the following is an essential part of Good Storage Practices (GSP)? a) Keeping
products in areas with high traffic
b) Ensuring controlled lighting conditions
c) Storing products based on expiry dates and batch numbers
d) Using only cardboard boxes for storage
Answer: c) Storing products based on expiry dates and batch numbers
13. Which of the following actions is critical in GMP for preventing cross-contamination? a)
Use of segregated areas for different types of products
b) Mixing different products together
c) Ignoring cleaning protocols
d) Storing raw materials in any available space
Answer: a) Use of segregated areas for different types of products
14. GDP ensures that: a) Drugs are distributed through appropriate channels
b) Drugs are manufactured in proper facilities
c) Drugs are approved by the government
d) All of the above
Answer: a) Drugs are distributed through appropriate channels
15. Which of the following is a major GMP requirement for personnel in pharmaceutical
manufacturing? a) Regular training on hygiene and operational procedures
b) Ability to work without supervision
c) Minimal interaction with raw materials
d) Limited communication with management
Answer: a) Regular training on hygiene and operational procedures
16. What is the primary objective of Good Distribution Practices (GDP)? a) To reduce the cost
of drugs during transportation
b) To ensure the quality and integrity of pharmaceutical products throughout the distribution
chain
c) To increase the shelf life of pharmaceutical products
d) To minimize the storage area for pharmaceutical products
Answer: b) To ensure the quality and integrity of pharmaceutical products throughout the
distribution chain
17. What is the role of humidity control in GSP? a) To protect the integrity of pharmaceutical
products that are sensitive to moisture
b) To enhance the fragrance of medicines
 c) To speed up the aging process of drugs
d) To increase the volume of products stored
Answer: a) To protect the integrity of pharmaceutical products that are sensitive to moisture
18. Which of the following best describes the requirements for packaging in GDP? a) Packaging
should be designed to prevent contamination, degradation, and damage during transportation
b) Packaging can be simple and not provide adequate protection
c) Only aesthetic packaging is important
d) No packaging is required for drug distribution
Answer: a) Packaging should be designed to prevent contamination, degradation, and damage
during transportation
19. Which of the following must be included in the documentation for GMP compliance? a)
Procedures for cleaning and sanitation
b) Employee personal files
c) Financial audit reports
d) All of the above
Answer: a) Procedures for cleaning and sanitation
20. What is the primary concern when distributing pharmaceutical products under GDP
guidelines? a) Cost-effectiveness
b) Integrity of the product during transport and storage
c) Speed of delivery
d) The number of warehouses involved
Answer: b) Integrity of the product during transport and storage

Next, I’ll proceed with the Drug Licensing & Registration Process in Pakistan. Stay tuned!

3. Drug Licensing & Registration Process in Pakistan (20 MCQs)

1. Which of the following authorities is responsible for drug licensing and registration in
Pakistan? a) Ministry of Health
b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
c) Pakistan Medical Association (PMA)
d) Federal Board of Revenue (FBR)
Answer: b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
2. In Pakistan, a drug must be registered with DRAP before it can be: a) Advertised on TV
b) Imported, sold, or distributed
c) Sold at pharmacies without a prescription
d) Delivered to hospitals for clinical trials
Answer: b) Imported, sold, or distributed
3. What is the first step in the drug registration process in Pakistan? a) Submission of
application to DRAP
b) Clinical trials in the country
c) Payment of registration fees
d) Laboratory testing of the drug
Answer: a) Submission of application to DRAP
4. Which document is essential when submitting a drug registration application in Pakistan?
a) Clinical trial data
b) Tax clearance certificate
c) Certificate of origin
d) Drug safety report
Answer: c) Certificate of origin
5. What is required for the registration of a foreign drug in Pakistan? a) A letter from the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
b) A copy of the product’s license from the exporting country
c) A market approval from WHO
d) A valid production facility license
Answer: b) A copy of the product’s license from the exporting country
6. Which of the following is a mandatory part of the registration process for a new drug in
Pakistan? a) Registration with WHO
b) Proof of efficacy and safety
c) Advertisement approval
d) Public opinion survey
Answer: b) Proof of efficacy and safety
7. What must pharmaceutical manufacturers provide to DRAP when registering a drug in
Pakistan? a) Production and storage facility details
b) Approval from the local police
c) Marketing strategy
d) Contract with suppliers
Answer: a) Production and storage facility details
8. How long does the drug registration process typically take in Pakistan? a) 3–6 months
b) 6–12 months
c) 1–2 years
d) Over 2 years
Answer: b) 6–12 months
9. What type of drug does the DRAP registration process apply to in Pakistan? a) Only over-
the-counter drugs
b) Only prescription drugs
c) All drugs, including over-the-counter and prescription drugs
d) Only herbal and alternative medicines
Answer: c) All drugs, including over-the-counter and prescription drugs
10. For a drug registration application, which of the following must be submitted regarding the
product’s label? a) Detailed labeling for all languages used in the region
b) A copy of the label in the proposed market
c) A certification of label accuracy from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
d) No need for a label submission
Answer: b) A copy of the label in the proposed market
11. What is required for the re-registration of a drug in Pakistan? a) New clinical trials
b) Annual fee payment
c) Updated information on product safety and efficacy
d) Reapproval by WHO
Answer: c) Updated information on product safety and efficacy
12. Which of the following is a requirement for drug licensing in Pakistan? a) Compliance with
the Drugs Act 1976
b) Payment of drug manufacturing fees
c) A certificate of good manufacturing practices (GMP)
d) Both a and c
Answer: d) Both a and c
13. What happens if a drug does not comply with the registration requirements in Pakistan? a)
The drug will be granted temporary registration
b) The drug’s registration will be denied
c) The drug will be marketed with restricted usage
d) A fine will be imposed, but registration will proceed
Answer: b) The drug’s registration will be denied
14. Which of the following steps is necessary before a pharmaceutical company can import
drugs into Pakistan? a) Completing a clinical trial in Pakistan
b) Obtaining a Drug Import License from DRAP
c) Registering the drug in the company’s home country
d) No licensing is required
Answer: b) Obtaining a Drug Import License from DRAP
15. What is the role of clinical trials in the drug registration process in Pakistan? a) Clinical
trials are not required for registration
b) Clinical trials help prove the safety and efficacy of the drug
c) Clinical trials are required only for foreign drugs
d) Clinical trials are only needed for generics
Answer: b) Clinical trials help prove the safety and efficacy of the drug
16. What is required for a pharmaceutical company to distribute a newly registered drug in
Pakistan? a) A Distribution License from DRAP
b) A special marketing approval
c) Certification from WHO
d) A recommendation from the Ministry of Health
Answer: a) A Distribution License from DRAP
17. How does DRAP assess the safety of a drug during the registration process? a) By reviewing
market sales data
b) Through submission of safety and toxicity data
c) By conducting its own clinical trials
d) By consulting with international regulatory agencies only
Answer: b) Through submission of safety and toxicity data
18. Which of the following is a factor that DRAP considers when evaluating a drug registration
application in Pakistan? a) The drug's popularity in foreign markets
b) The clinical data showing that the drug is safe and effective
c) The drug's advertising campaign
d) The potential market size of the drug
Answer: b) The clinical data showing that the drug is safe and effective
19. What is the registration fee for drugs in Pakistan based on? a) The drug’s retail price
b) The drug’s production cost
c) The type of drug and the scale of its use
d) The geographical region of sale
Answer: c) The type of drug and the scale of its use
 20. What does DRAP stand for? a) Drug Regulation and Approval Process
b) Drug Registration Authority of Pakistan
c) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan
d) Drug Research and Approval Panel
Answer: c) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan

Here are 20 MCQs for Mechanism of action, side effects, and contraindications of major drug
classes:

4. Mechanism of Action, Side Effects, and Contraindications of Major Drug Classes (20 MCQs)

1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-
inflammatory Drugs)? a) Blockage of dopamine receptors
b) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes
c) Activation of opioid receptors
d) Blockage of calcium channels
Answer: b) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes
2. Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting
Enzyme inhibitors)? a) Hypertension
b) Cough
c) Bradycardia
d) Weight loss
Answer: b) Cough
3. What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers? a) Inhibition of calcium channels
b) Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors
c) Inhibition of angiotensin II
d) Activation of muscarinic receptors
Answer: b) Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors
4. Which of the following drugs is commonly used to treat bacterial infections by inhibiting
cell wall synthesis? a) Ciprofloxacin
b) Amoxicillin
c) Paracetamol
d) Fluoxetine
Answer: b) Amoxicillin
5. What is a contraindication for the use of ACE inhibitors? a) Asthma
b) Pregnancy
c) Liver disease
d) Diabetes mellitus
Answer: b) Pregnancy
6. Which class of drugs works by increasing the amount of serotonin available in the brain to
treat depression? a) SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
b) Benzodiazepines
c) Antipsychotics
d) Opioids
Answer: a) SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
7. Which of the following is a potential side effect of long-term corticosteroid use? a)
Hyperkalemia
b) Weight gain
c) Hypertension
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
8. What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)? a) Inhibition of histamine
receptors
b) Blocking the enzyme responsible for stomach acid production
c) Increasing gastric mucus secretion
d) Neutralizing stomach acid
Answer: b) Blocking the enzyme responsible for stomach acid production
9. Which of the following is a contraindication for using beta-blockers? a) Asthma
b) Hypotension
c) Anxiety disorders
d) Hypertension
Answer: a) Asthma
10. Which of the following is a common side effect of diuretics (e.g., furosemide)? a)
Hyperkalemia
b) Hypokalemia
c) Increased appetite
d) Drowsiness
Answer: b) Hypokalemia
11. What is the mechanism of action of anticoagulants such as warfarin? a) Inhibition of vitamin
K-dependent clotting factors
b) Direct activation of fibrinogen
c) Inhibition of platelet aggregation
d) Blocking thrombin receptors
Answer: a) Inhibition of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
12. Which drug class is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity?
a) Insulin analogs
b) Sulfonylureas
c) Biguanides (e.g., metformin)
d) Thiazolidinediones
Answer: c) Biguanides (e.g., metformin)
13. Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with opioid use? a) Diarrhea
b) Sedation
c) Increased heart rate
d) Increased urination
Answer: b) Sedation
14. What is the mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin? a) Increasing
dopamine release
b) Blocking sodium channels in neurons
c) Enhancing GABAergic activity
d) Inhibiting serotonin reuptake
Answer: b) Blocking sodium channels in neurons
 15. Which of the following is a contraindication for using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)? a) Asthma
b) Gastric ulcers
c) Hyperlipidemia
d) Pregnancy (third trimester)
Answer: b) Gastric ulcers
16. Which of the following drugs is used to reverse opioid overdose? a) Naloxone
b) Atropine
c) Diazepam
d) Naltrexone
Answer: a) Naloxone
17. Which class of drugs is used to treat hypertension by inhibiting the enzyme that converts
angiotensin I to angiotensin II? a) Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
b) Beta-blockers
c) ACE inhibitors
d) Calcium channel blockers
Answer: c) ACE inhibitors
18. Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with the use of selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)? a) Weight gain
b) Sexual dysfunction
c) Insomnia
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
19. Which of the following drugs is used to treat infections caused by fungi by inhibiting
ergosterol synthesis? a) Amphotericin B
b) Ciprofloxacin
c) Metronidazole
d) Erythromycin
Answer: a) Amphotericin B
20. What is a common side effect of calcium channel blockers like amlodipine? a) Diarrhea
b) Cough
c) Edema (swelling)
d) Rash
Answer: c) Edema (swelling)

Next, I'll proceed with the Essential Drugs List (WHO & Pakistan National List). Stay tuned!

Here are 20 MCQs for Essential Drugs List (WHO & Pakistan National List):

5. Essential Drugs List (WHO & Pakistan National List) (20 MCQs)

1. What is the primary purpose of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Essential
Medicines List (EML)? a) To increase the cost of medicines
 b) To ensure access to medicines for the most common diseases
c) To list only rare diseases' medications
d) To restrict access to certain drugs
Answer: b) To ensure access to medicines for the most common diseases
2. How often is the WHO Essential Medicines List updated? a) Every 5 years
b) Every 2 years
c) Every 10 years
d) As needed, typically every 2 years
Answer: d) As needed, typically every 2 years
3. Which of the following is considered an essential medicine according to the WHO Essential
Medicines List? a) Aspirin
b) Vitamin D
c) Acyclovir
d) Ketamine
Answer: a) Aspirin
4. Which body is responsible for maintaining and updating the National Essential Medicines
List in Pakistan? a) Ministry of Health
b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
c) World Health Organization
d) Pakistan Medical Association
Answer: b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
5. What is the criterion for a drug to be included in the WHO Essential Medicines List? a) The
drug must have a high cost
b) The drug must be effective, safe, and affordable
c) The drug must only treat rare diseases
d) The drug must be manufactured domestically
Answer: b) The drug must be effective, safe, and affordable
6. Which of the following categories of drugs are included in the WHO Essential Medicines
List? a) Life-saving drugs only
b) Drugs for all common diseases
c) Only vaccines
d) Only painkillers
Answer: b) Drugs for all common diseases
7. Which of the following is a key feature of the Essential Medicines List in Pakistan? a) It
includes only drugs available in Pakistan
b) It is aligned with the WHO EML, with necessary modifications for local needs
c) It is updated every 10 years
d) It is focused solely on herbal medicines
Answer: b) It is aligned with the WHO EML, with necessary modifications for local needs
8. Which of the following is NOT typically included in the WHO Essential Medicines List? a)
Anticancer drugs
b) Antibiotics for common infections
c) Antihypertensive drugs
d) Experimental drugs
Answer: d) Experimental drugs
9. Which of the following is a benefit of the Essential Medicines List? a) It ensures that the most
commonly needed medicines are universally available
 b) It promotes the use of only branded medications
c) It reduces the availability of generics
d) It limits access to essential medical treatments
Answer: a) It ensures that the most commonly needed medicines are universally available
10. Which class of medications is commonly found on the Essential Medicines List for
managing chronic conditions like hypertension? a) Calcium channel blockers
b) Anticancer agents
c) Antihistamines
d) Antifungals
Answer: a) Calcium channel blockers
11. What is the role of generic drugs on the Essential Medicines List? a) They are excluded due
to safety concerns
b) They provide affordable alternatives to brand-name medications
c) They are required to be imported
d) They are restricted to rare conditions only
Answer: b) They provide affordable alternatives to brand-name medications
12. Which of the following categories is NOT generally included in the Essential Medicines
List? a) Antimicrobials
b) Pain management drugs
c) Cosmetic and aesthetic treatments
d) Vaccines for infectious diseases
Answer: c) Cosmetic and aesthetic treatments
13. How does the WHO Essential Medicines List impact health systems in developing
countries? a) It makes health systems more expensive
b) It ensures the availability of vital medicines at affordable prices
c) It limits the number of drugs available for treatment
d) It promotes the use of high-cost specialty drugs
Answer: b) It ensures the availability of vital medicines at affordable prices
14. Which of the following is a reason why certain drugs are included in the WHO Essential
Medicines List? a) High profit margins
b) Cost-effectiveness and proven health benefits
c) Expensive but high demand
d) Sponsored by pharmaceutical companies
Answer: b) Cost-effectiveness and proven health benefits
15. Which of the following is NOT an example of a drug included in the WHO Essential
Medicines List? a) Insulin for diabetes
b) Penicillin for bacterial infections
c) Tamiflu for influenza
d) Hormone replacement therapy
Answer: d) Hormone replacement therapy
16. How are essential medicines selected for inclusion in the Pakistan National List? a) Based on
the recommendations of pharmaceutical companies
b) Based on their availability and need in the country
c) Based on global market trends
d) Based on their use in the military
Answer: b) Based on their availability and need in the country
 17. What is a key difference between the WHO Essential Medicines List and the Pakistan
National List? a) The Pakistan National List includes only local brands
b) The Pakistan National List is updated more frequently
c) The Pakistan National List includes additional medicines relevant to the local population
d) There is no difference between the two lists
Answer: c) The Pakistan National List includes additional medicines relevant to the local
population
18. What is the essential feature of the drugs listed on the WHO Essential Medicines List? a)
They must be patented medications
b) They must be effective, safe, and affordable
c) They must be newly developed medications
d) They must only be available in injectable form
Answer: b) They must be effective, safe, and affordable
19. Which of the following medicines is commonly included in both the WHO and Pakistan
Essential Medicines Lists for managing infections? a) Penicillin
b) Prednisone
c) Ibuprofen
d) Metformin
Answer: a) Penicillin
20. Which of the following groups of drugs is most likely to be included in the Essential
Medicines List for treating infectious diseases? a) Antivirals
b) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
c) Statins
d) Antidiabetics
Answer: a) Antivirals

Next, I will proceed with the Drug Interactions & Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) Monitoring. Stay
tuned!

Here are 20 MCQs for Drug Interactions & Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) Monitoring:

6. Drug Interactions & Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) Monitoring (20 MCQs)

1. Which of the following best describes a drug interaction? a) A drug causing an allergic
reaction
b) When one drug affects the action of another drug
c) A drug's effect on the liver
d) A drug’s effect on blood pressure
Answer: b) When one drug affects the action of another drug
2. What is an example of a pharmacodynamic drug interaction? a) One drug increases the
absorption of another drug
b) One drug inhibits the metabolism of another drug
 c) Two drugs act on the same receptor, leading to an enhanced effect
d) One drug increases the renal clearance of another drug
Answer: c) Two drugs act on the same receptor, leading to an enhanced effect
3. Which of the following is a common mechanism behind drug-drug interactions? a)
Competing for protein binding sites
b) Decreased gastrointestinal motility
c) Increased urine pH
d) Increased albumin synthesis
Answer: a) Competing for protein binding sites
4. What is a major consequence of a drug-drug interaction that leads to an increased risk of
bleeding? a) Enhanced metabolism of anticoagulants
b) Decreased absorption of anticoagulants
c) Inhibition of platelet aggregation
d) Synergistic effect of two anticoagulants
Answer: d) Synergistic effect of two anticoagulants
5. Which of the following is an example of a drug-food interaction? a) Grapefruit juice
inhibiting the metabolism of certain drugs
b) A drug causing a decrease in gastric acid secretion
c) A drug binding to serum proteins
d) A drug affecting kidney function
Answer: a) Grapefruit juice inhibiting the metabolism of certain drugs
6. What is a common adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with penicillin? a) Rash
b) Nausea
c) Diarrhea
d) Tachycardia
Answer: a) Rash
7. Which of the following is a common adverse reaction of opioid analgesics? a) Drowsiness and
sedation
b) Hypertension
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Excessive thirst
Answer: a) Drowsiness and sedation
8. Which of the following is an example of an idiosyncratic drug reaction? a) Anaphylaxis to
penicillin
b) Nausea from chemotherapy drugs
c) Drowsiness from antihistamines
d) Diarrhea from antibiotics
Answer: a) Anaphylaxis to penicillin
9. What is the most common side effect of NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)?
a) Drowsiness
b) GI bleeding or ulcers
c) Weight gain
d) Elevated blood sugar
Answer: b) GI bleeding or ulcers
10. Which of the following drugs is known for causing QT interval prolongation, leading to a
risk of arrhythmias? a) Amiodarone
b) Ibuprofen
 c) Paracetamol
d) Metformin
Answer: a) Amiodarone
11. How are drug interactions monitored to prevent ADRs? a) By ignoring all drug interactions
b) Through patient history and regular blood tests
c) By increasing the dosage of the drugs involved
d) By changing the route of drug administration
Answer: b) Through patient history and regular blood tests
12. What is a common side effect of beta-blockers in elderly patients? a) Bradycardia
b) Diarrhea
c) Hyperactivity
d) Insomnia
Answer: a) Bradycardia
13. Which of the following drug classes is most likely to cause drug interactions with
anticoagulants? a) Antibiotics
b) Analgesics
c) Antidepressants
d) Antihistamines
Answer: a) Antibiotics
14. Which drug interaction could potentially result in serotonin syndrome? a) Combining a
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)
b) Combining aspirin with warfarin
c) Combining metformin with insulin
d) Combining a beta-blocker with an ACE inhibitor
Answer: a) Combining a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with a monoamine oxidase
inhibitor (MAOI)
15. Which of the following drugs is known for causing a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
in some patients? a) Penicillin
b) Paracetamol
c) Omeprazole
d) Metformin
Answer: a) Penicillin
16. What is the most common adverse drug reaction associated with chemotherapy drugs? a)
Hair loss
b) Weight loss
c) Memory impairment
d) Increased appetite
Answer: a) Hair loss
17. Which of the following is an important consideration in ADR monitoring in hospitals? a)
Continuous observation for new symptoms
b) Discontinuing all medications immediately
c) Randomly changing medications
d) Focusing only on drug interactions with non-prescription drugs
Answer: a) Continuous observation for new symptoms
18. What is the role of the pharmacist in drug interaction monitoring? a) Prescribing medication
b) Advising patients on over-the-counter medications
c) Identifying and preventing potential drug interactions
 d) Increasing the dosages of drugs for faster results
Answer: c) Identifying and preventing potential drug interactions
19. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of a drug-induced liver injury (DILI)?
a) Jaundice
b) Nausea and vomiting
c) Elevated liver enzymes
d) Skin rash
Answer: d) Skin rash
20. Which of the following is the primary reason for ADRs being underreported? a) Lack of
patient awareness
b) Underreporting by healthcare professionals due to time constraints
c) Low occurrence rates of ADRs
d) Irrelevant drug safety data
Answer: b) Underreporting by healthcare professionals due to time constraints

Next, I will proceed with the Drug Inspection & Enforcement (10 MCQs). Stay tuned!

Here are 20 MCQs for Drug Inspection & Enforcement:

7. Drug Inspection & Enforcement (20 MCQs)

1. Which of the following is the primary responsibility of a drug inspector? a) To manufacture

pharmaceutical products
b) To ensure the compliance of drug manufacturing and distribution with legal standards
c) To prescribe medications to patients
d) To sell drugs in retail pharmacies
Answer: b) To ensure the compliance of drug manufacturing and distribution with legal
standards
2. What is the primary objective of conducting drug inspections at pharmaceutical
manufacturing sites? a) To check the appearance of the packaging
b) To verify compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and ensure product quality
and safety
c) To assess employee working conditions
d) To inspect the financial performance of the company
Answer: b) To verify compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and ensure product
quality and safety
3. During a drug inspection at a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant, which of the following
is NOT typically checked? a) Drug labeling and packaging
b) Compliance with GMP standards
c) Employee salaries
d) Drug storage conditions
Answer: c) Employee salaries
4. What is the first step in the drug inspection process? a) Taking samples of the product for
testing
b) Reviewing the company’s financial records
c) Checking the documentation and regulatory compliance
d) Conducting interviews with employees
Answer: c) Checking the documentation and regulatory compliance
5. Which of the following is a key activity performed by drug inspectors during pharmacy
inspections? a) Inspecting for expired drugs and verifying storage conditions
b) Verifying the pharmacy’s sales profit margins
c) Checking employee work shifts
d) Observing customer service interactions
Answer: a) Inspecting for expired drugs and verifying storage conditions
6. If a drug inspector finds a violation during an inspection, what action should they take? a)
Immediately suspend all drug sales at the site
b) Allow the manufacturer to continue operations with a warning
c) Issue a warning and recommend corrective action
d) Report the violation to the local police without any further action
Answer: c) Issue a warning and recommend corrective action
7. What document is typically required during a drug inspection at a pharmaceutical
manufacturing site? a) Drug sales report
b) Drug sampling certificate
c) Certificate of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
d) Employee payroll records
Answer: c) Certificate of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
8. What is the purpose of taking drug samples during an inspection? a) To assess the drug’s
price
b) To verify the drug’s potency, quality, and safety
c) To confirm if the drug is advertised correctly
d) To evaluate the packaging quality
Answer: b) To verify the drug’s potency, quality, and safety
9. Which of the following is a potential consequence of not complying with the Good
Manufacturing Practices (GMP) guidelines during an inspection? a) Warning letter
b) Temporary suspension of drug sales
c) Immediate product recall and production halt
d) Discount on the next inspection fee
Answer: c) Immediate product recall and production halt
10. What role do drug inspectors play in ensuring compliance with storage conditions for
drugs? a) They ensure drugs are sold at a higher price
b) They ensure drugs are stored according to their required conditions (e.g., temperature,
humidity)
c) They regulate advertising of drugs
d) They collect drug taxes
Answer: b) They ensure drugs are stored according to their required conditions (e.g.,
temperature, humidity)
11. When drug inspectors find expired drugs during an inspection, what action should they
take? a) Destroy the drugs immediately
b) Allow the drugs to be sold at a discounted price
 c) Remove the expired drugs from shelves and ensure proper disposal
d) Sell the expired drugs to authorized individuals
Answer: c) Remove the expired drugs from shelves and ensure proper disposal
12. Which of the following is an essential part of drug enforcement in the case of suspected
counterfeit medicines? a) Increasing the price of the counterfeit drug
b) Investigating and tracing the source of counterfeit products
c) Allowing the sale of counterfeit medicines under supervision
d) Avoiding action until a large quantity is found
Answer: b) Investigating and tracing the source of counterfeit products
13. Which of the following is NOT typically monitored during an inspection of a drug
distribution warehouse? a) Drug packaging and labeling
b) Temperature and humidity control
c) Employee dress codes
d) Drug storage practices
Answer: c) Employee dress codes
14. What is the purpose of issuing a recall for a drug? a) To provide a warning to the public about
potential harm from a product
b) To punish the manufacturer
c) To increase the drug's market value
d) To improve the packaging of the drug
Answer: a) To provide a warning to the public about potential harm from a product
15. Who is responsible for issuing a public alert about a drug recall? a) The drug manufacturer
b) The local pharmacy
c) The Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
d) The local police
Answer: c) The Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
16. What action should be taken if drug inspectors find counterfeit medicines during an
inspection? a) Inform the media to warn the public
b) Confiscate the counterfeit medicines and report the violation to DRAP for further action
c) Allow the sale of counterfeit medicines with a warning label
d) Offer a financial penalty to the drug manufacturer
Answer: b) Confiscate the counterfeit medicines and report the violation to DRAP for further
action
17. Which of the following is a critical factor in determining whether a drug’s registration will
be approved? a) The drug’s popularity in social media
b) Compliance with regulatory standards such as safety, efficacy, and quality
c) The drug’s advertising campaign
d) The drug’s retail price
Answer: b) Compliance with regulatory standards such as safety, efficacy, and quality
18. How are samples handled during a drug inspection in Pakistan? a) Samples are sold to the
highest bidder
b) Samples are kept for testing at authorized laboratories
c) Samples are discarded immediately after collection
d) Samples are returned to the manufacturer
Answer: b) Samples are kept for testing at authorized laboratories
19. What action can a drug inspector take if a manufacturer refuses to cooperate during an
inspection? a) Ignore the refusal and continue the inspection
 b) Close the facility temporarily until compliance is ensured
c) Allow the manufacturer to continue without any action
d) Immediately approve all products for sale
Answer: b) Close the facility temporarily until compliance is ensured
20. Which of the following could result in a pharmaceutical company facing severe penalties
during an inspection? a) A minor labeling issue
b) Non-compliance with storage temperature regulations or selling counterfeit drugs
c) Failure to advertise the product
d) Employee absenteeism
Answer: b) Non-compliance with storage temperature regulations or selling counterfeit drugs

Next, I will proceed with the Current Affairs in Pharmaceutical Sector. Stay tuned!

Here are 20 MCQs for Current Affairs in the Pharmaceutical Sector:

8. Current Affairs in Pharmaceutical Sector (20 MCQs)

1. Which of the following entities in Pakistan is responsible for regulating the pharmaceutical
sector? a) Pakistan Pharmaceutical Association (PPA)
b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
c) Ministry of Finance
d) Pakistan Medical Association (PMA)
Answer: b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
2. In 2023, which of the following countries was involved in a major pharmaceutical ban
affecting drug imports to Pakistan? a) India
b) United States
c) China
d) United Kingdom
Answer: a) India
3. Which recent change in Pakistan's drug pricing policy was announced by DRAP? a)
Increase in the price ceiling for essential medicines
b) Introduction of price caps on all generic drugs
c) Removal of price controls for branded medicines
d) Reduction of drug prices across the board
Answer: a) Increase in the price ceiling for essential medicines
4. Which pharmaceutical company in Pakistan received approval from DRAP for producing
the COVID-19 vaccine locally? a) Searle Pakistan
b) Ferozsons Laboratories
c) Pfizer Pakistan
d) Biocon Pakistan
Answer: b) Ferozsons Laboratories
5. Which of the following drugs was recently banned in Pakistan due to safety concerns? a)
Paracetamol
 b) Oxycodone
c) Sildenafil
d) Valsartan
Answer: b) Oxycodone
6. The new Drug Regulatory Authority (DRAP) policies aim to enhance: a) Drug accessibility
in rural areas
b) The quality of counterfeit drugs
c) Regulations for drug manufacturing facilities in foreign markets
d) The efficiency of online drug sales in Pakistan
Answer: a) Drug accessibility in rural areas
7. Which of the following pharmaceutical-related policy changes was introduced by DRAP in
2023 to address shortages of life-saving drugs? a) Introduction of a generic drug mandate
b) Reforms in drug importation procedures
c) Ban on non-essential drugs
d) Price freezes for all imported drugs
Answer: b) Reforms in drug importation procedures
8. In 2023, which new international regulatory standard was adopted by DRAP for ensuring
the quality of imported medicines? a) ISO 9001:2015 certification
b) Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliance
c) WHO Good Distribution Practice (GDP)
d) International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines
Answer: b) Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliance
9. Which pharmaceutical company in Pakistan was involved in a significant recall due to
manufacturing defects in 2023? a) GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan
b) Novartis Pakistan
c) PharmEvo
d) The Searle Company
Answer: d) The Searle Company
10. What initiative has DRAP taken to increase transparency in the pharmaceutical sector in
Pakistan? a) Launching a public-facing drug monitoring system
b) Banning imports of certain medicines
c) Introducing private inspections of pharmacies
d) Reducing the number of registered pharmaceutical companies
Answer: a) Launching a public-facing drug monitoring system
11. Which new drug was recently approved in Pakistan for the treatment of COVID-19? a)
Paxlovid
b) Remdesivir
c) Molnupiravir
d) Favipiravir
Answer: a) Paxlovid
12. What major challenge has the pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan faced recently
according to DRAP? a) Shortage of raw materials
b) Increase in illegal drug exports
c) Rise in counterfeit drug production
d) Surge in drug price inflation
Answer: c) Rise in counterfeit drug production
13. In 2023, which drug was granted emergency approval by DRAP to help combat a new
strain of the flu virus? a) Oseltamivir
b) Dexamethasone
c) Azithromycin
d) Tamiflu
Answer: a) Oseltamivir
14. Which of the following trends has recently impacted the pharmaceutical industry in
Pakistan? a) Declining demand for generic medicines
b) Increasing use of e-prescriptions
c) Emergence of new generic drug manufacturers
d) Rising costs of drug production and importation
Answer: d) Rising costs of drug production and importation
15. Which new law did DRAP introduce to tackle the issue of fake drugs in Pakistan? a) The
Anti-Counterfeit Drug Act
b) The Drug Transparency Act
c) The National Medicines Legislation
d) The Drug Licensing Regulation Act
Answer: a) The Anti-Counterfeit Drug Act
16. What is the recent move by DRAP to improve access to essential medicines in Pakistan’s
rural areas? a) Launching mobile pharmacies
b) Subsidizing drug prices for rural pharmacies
c) Creating a national e-pharmacy platform
d) Importing cheaper drugs from neighboring countries
Answer: a) Launching mobile pharmacies
17. Which country’s pharmaceutical policies are being closely followed by Pakistan to improve
its own drug regulation in 2023? a) United States
b) India
c) China
d) United Kingdom
Answer: b) India
18. What step has Pakistan taken to encourage local pharmaceutical companies to invest in
research and development (R&D)? a) Tax incentives for R&D-related activities
b) Bans on foreign drug imports
c) Increased tariffs on imported medicines
d) Limited access to foreign R&D grants
Answer: a) Tax incentives for R&D-related activities
19. Which international organization has recently increased its collaboration with Pakistan’s
pharmaceutical industry to combat counterfeit drugs? a) World Health Organization (WHO)
b) United Nations (UN)
c) International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
d) World Trade Organization (WTO)
Answer: a) World Health Organization (WHO)
20. Which of the following pharmaceuticals in Pakistan received a significant government grant
in 2023 for local vaccine production? a) Ferozsons Laboratories
b) The Searle Company
c) Hira Pharmaceuticals
d) GSK Pakistan
Answer: a) Ferozsons Laboratories
1. Basic Principles of Drug Formulation & Stability Testing (25 MCQs)

1. What is the primary goal of drug formulation? a) To enhance the drug’s taste
b) To ensure the drug is stable and effective
c) To reduce production costs
d) To make the drug aesthetically pleasing
Answer: b) To ensure the drug is stable and effective
2. Which of the following is NOT a common route of drug administration in formulation? a)
Oral
b) Parenteral
c) Transdermal
d) All are common routes
Answer: d) All are common routes
3. What does stability testing of a drug primarily evaluate? a) The price of the drug
b) The safety, quality, and effectiveness of the drug over time
c) The aesthetic appearance of the drug
d) The packaging of the drug
Answer: b) The safety, quality, and effectiveness of the drug over time
4. Which of the following is a factor that can influence the stability of a drug formulation? a)
Temperature
b) Light
c) Humidity
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
5. In drug formulation, what is the role of a binder? a) To provide color to the tablet
b) To facilitate the binding of the drug components
c) To improve the taste of the drug
d) To enhance the solubility of the drug
Answer: b) To facilitate the binding of the drug components
6. What is the purpose of stability studies in drug formulation? a) To determine how long the
drug will be effective and safe
b) To test the drug’s absorption rate
c) To assess the drug’s taste and odor
d) To evaluate the drug’s packaging
Answer: a) To determine how long the drug will be effective and safe
7. Which of the following is a type of stability testing in drug formulation? a) Accelerated
stability testing
b) Physical stability testing
c) Chemical stability testing
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
8. Which of the following is a common method used to test the stability of a drug under
different conditions? a) Dissolution testing
b) Accelerated stability testing
c) UV spectrophotometry
 d) Liquid chromatography
Answer: b) Accelerated stability testing
9. What is the typical duration for a long-term stability study in drug formulation? a) 3-6
months
b) 6-12 months
c) 12-24 months
d) Over 24 months
Answer: c) 12-24 months
10. Which of the following conditions is NOT typically tested in stability studies? a) Light
b) Temperature
c) Humidity
d) Wind speed
Answer: d) Wind speed
11. Which of the following is the most common method for evaluating the physical stability of a
drug? a) HPLC
b) Microbiological testing
c) Visual inspection for color, texture, and presence of crystals
d) Dissolution testing
Answer: c) Visual inspection for color, texture, and presence of crystals
12. What role does pH play in drug formulation? a) It impacts the solubility and stability of the
drug
b) It controls the taste of the drug
c) It influences the manufacturing cost
d) It determines the color of the drug
Answer: a) It impacts the solubility and stability of the drug
13. What is the purpose of using preservatives in drug formulation? a) To enhance the drug’s
flavor
b) To maintain the drug’s stability and prevent microbial growth
c) To make the drug easier to administer
d) To increase the cost of production
Answer: b) To maintain the drug’s stability and prevent microbial growth
14. Which of the following factors is critical in ensuring the stability of parenteral drug
formulations? a) Sterility
b) pH
c) Packaging
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
15. The shelf life of a drug formulation is determined primarily by: a) Its taste
b) Its stability over time
c) The drug’s efficacy against a disease
d) The drug’s color and shape
Answer: b) Its stability over time
16. What type of formulation is least likely to undergo stability testing? a) Oral tablet
formulations
b) Injectable formulations
c) Ophthalmic formulations
 d) Cosmetics
Answer: d) Cosmetics
17. What is the role of excipients in drug formulation? a) To improve the drug’s therapeutic effect
b) To help in the manufacturing process and enhance stability
c) To reduce the cost of production
d) To determine the drug’s taste
Answer: b) To help in the manufacturing process and enhance stability
18. Which of the following tests is commonly used to evaluate the chemical stability of drugs? a)
Dissolution testing
b) UV spectrophotometry
c) HPLC
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
19. Which of the following is a common cause of instability in drug formulations? a) Exposure to
light
b) Incorrect packaging
c) Incorrect temperature storage
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
20. What does the term “accelerated stability testing” refer to? a) Testing the drug in real-world
conditions for several years
b) Testing the drug under extreme conditions to predict its shelf life
c) Testing only the chemical stability of the drug
d) Testing the drug’s effects on different diseases
Answer: b) Testing the drug under extreme conditions to predict its shelf life
21. Which of the following is used in stability testing to predict how a drug will behave under
environmental stress? a) Shelf-life prediction models
b) Accelerated aging studies
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b
Answer: c) Both a and b
22. What does the "expiry date" of a drug typically reflect? a) The time at which the drug should
no longer be used
b) The date the drug is manufactured
c) The date the drug is first opened
d) The maximum storage time
Answer: a) The time at which the drug should no longer be used
23. In the context of drug stability, what is the purpose of a "stability-indicating" assay? a) To
detect any change in the drug’s chemical structure or concentration
b) To evaluate the drug’s taste
c) To test the manufacturing process
d) To check for packaging defects
Answer: a) To detect any change in the drug’s chemical structure or concentration
24. Which of the following methods is commonly used to evaluate the physical integrity of drug
tablets over time? a) Hardness testing
b) Disintegration testing
c) Friability testing
 d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
25. In formulation development, what does the term “bioavailability” refer to? a) The speed at
which a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream
b) The amount of drug available at the target site
c) The drug’s solubility in the stomach
d) The drug’s stability under various conditions
Answer: b) The amount of drug available at the target site

Here are 25 MCQs for Quality Control Tests for Tablets, Capsules, Syrups, and Injectables:

2. Quality Control Tests for Tablets, Capsules, Syrups, and Injectables (25 MCQs)

1. What is the purpose of quality control testing in pharmaceutical manufacturing? a) To

reduce manufacturing costs
b) To ensure the drug’s safety, efficacy, and quality
c) To improve the marketing of the drug
d) To increase the shelf life of the drug
Answer: b) To ensure the drug’s safety, efficacy, and quality
2. Which of the following is tested to ensure that tablets meet dissolution requirements? a)
Tablet hardness
b) Tablet uniformity
c) Dissolution testing
d) Moisture content
Answer: c) Dissolution testing
3. Which test is commonly used to assess the uniformity of weight in tablets? a) Tablet hardness
testing
b) Uniformity of content testing
c) Friability testing
d) Weight variation testing
Answer: d) Weight variation testing
4. What is the primary purpose of capsule disintegration testing? a) To ensure the drug is
evenly distributed in the capsule
b) To measure how fast the capsule dissolves in the stomach
c) To check the taste of the capsule
d) To test the capsule's durability during shipping
Answer: b) To measure how fast the capsule dissolves in the stomach
5. In quality control, which of the following tests is used to evaluate the content uniformity in
capsules? a) Hardness test
b) Uniformity of dosage units test
c) Disintegration test
d) Moisture content test
Answer: b) Uniformity of dosage units test
6. Which quality control test is performed to ensure that the syrup does not contain microbial
contamination? a) pH testing
b) Viscosity test
c) Microbial testing
d) Density test
Answer: c) Microbial testing
7. Which of the following is a critical quality control test for injectable drug formulations? a)
Visual inspection for particulate matter
b) Tablet hardness
c) Capsule weight uniformity
d) Dissolution testing
Answer: a) Visual inspection for particulate matter
8. Which of the following is an important consideration when performing a sterility test on
injectables? a) Time of exposure to sunlight
b) Equipment cleanliness and sterility
c) The drug’s molecular weight
d) The color of the injectable solution
Answer: b) Equipment cleanliness and sterility
9. What is the typical method used for testing the dissolution rate of a tablet? a) HPLC
b) Ultraviolet spectrophotometry
c) Basket or paddle method
d) Particle size analysis
Answer: c) Basket or paddle method
10. What is the role of friability testing in tablet quality control? a) To determine the tablet’s
ability to resist breaking during handling
b) To test the tablet’s solubility
c) To check the drug’s content uniformity
d) To evaluate the taste of the tablet
Answer: a) To determine the tablet’s ability to resist breaking during handling
11. Which of the following tests is performed to check the drug’s stability in syrups? a) Shelf-
life testing
b) Hardness testing
c) Capsule uniformity test
d) Sedimentation rate
Answer: a) Shelf-life testing
12. For an injectable drug, which of the following is typically tested to ensure its safety for use?
a) Particle size distribution
b) Microbial contamination
c) pH of the solution
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
13. What does the hardness test of a tablet measure? a) The drug’s solubility
b) The force needed to break the tablet
c) The pH of the tablet
d) The drug's content uniformity
Answer: b) The force needed to break the tablet
14. Which of the following tests helps determine if a syrup is homogenous? a) Sedimentation rate
b) Viscosity testing
c) Microbial testing
d) pH testing
Answer: a) Sedimentation rate
15. Which of the following is a test to ensure that capsules are free from defects such as cracks
or leaks? a) Capsule filling uniformity test
b) Capsule disintegration test
c) Capsule weight variation test
d) Visual inspection
Answer: d) Visual inspection
16. Which of the following tests is performed to check the moisture content in tablets? a) Loss
on drying (LOD)
b) pH testing
c) Dissolution testing
d) Uniformity testing
Answer: a) Loss on drying (LOD)
17. What is the primary concern of quality control testing in the production of injectables? a)
Taste of the injectable
b) Absence of particulate matter and microbial contamination
c) Physical appearance of the vial
d) The solubility of the drug
Answer: b) Absence of particulate matter and microbial contamination
18. In the quality control of syrups, why is viscosity testing important? a) To ensure the syrup has
the correct texture and consistency
b) To measure the drug’s potency
c) To test for contamination
d) To determine the shelf life of the syrup
Answer: a) To ensure the syrup has the correct texture and consistency
19. What is the purpose of performing a dissolution test on a tablet? a) To measure how fast the
drug dissolves in the stomach
b) To check the tablet’s color
c) To measure its stability
d) To check its uniformity of content
Answer: a) To measure how fast the drug dissolves in the stomach
20. Which of the following is a test used to check for uniformity in the active pharmaceutical
ingredient (API) in tablets? a) Uniformity of content test
b) Hardness test
c) Disintegration test
d) Friability test
Answer: a) Uniformity of content test
21. Why is pH testing important in the quality control of injectables? a) To check the color of the
solution
b) To ensure the injectable is in the correct pH range for optimal absorption
c) To measure the drug’s potency
d) To determine the drug’s shelf life
Answer: b) To ensure the injectable is in the correct pH range for optimal absorption
 22. Which of the following is an essential part of the testing process for oral solid dosage forms
like tablets and capsules? a) Disintegration testing
b) Microbial testing
c) pH testing
d) Particle size analysis
Answer: a) Disintegration testing
23. What does the "uniformity of weight" test assess in tablet quality control? a) The
consistency of the tablet’s weight across a batch
b) The dissolution rate of the tablet
c) The physical strength of the tablet
d) The uniformity of the drug's potency
Answer: a) The consistency of the tablet’s weight across a batch
24. What is the primary concern in quality control testing of injectable drugs in vials? a) The
visual appearance of the vial
b) The stability of the drug over time
c) The absence of particulates or foreign matter in the vial
d) The color of the vial cap
Answer: c) The absence of particulates or foreign matter in the vial
25. Which of the following tests is most commonly used to determine the concentration of the
active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in tablets? a) UV Spectrophotometry
b) HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)
c) Particle size analysis
d) Loss on drying
Answer: b) HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)

I will now proceed with Pharmacopoeial Standards (BP, USP, IP, Pakistan Pharmacopoeia). Stay
tuned!

Here are 25 MCQs for Pharmacopoeial Standards (BP, USP, IP, Pakistan Pharmacopoeia):

3. Pharmacopoeial Standards (BP, USP, IP, Pakistan Pharmacopoeia) (25 MCQs)

1. What does BP stand for in the context of pharmacopoeial standards? a) British

Pharmacopoeia
b) Biologic Pharmacopoeia
c) Basic Pharmacopoeia
d) Broad Pharmacopoeia
Answer: a) British Pharmacopoeia
2. What is the purpose of pharmacopoeial standards such as BP, USP, and IP? a) To ensure the
marketing of pharmaceutical products
b) To provide guidelines for drug formulation, preparation, and testing
c) To regulate the cost of medicines
 d) To limit the availability of generics
Answer: b) To provide guidelines for drug formulation, preparation, and testing
3. The USP is primarily used in which of the following countries? a) United Kingdom
b) India
c) United States
d) Pakistan
Answer: c) United States
4. What is the full form of IP in the context of pharmacopoeia? a) International Pharmacopoeia
b) Indian Pharmacopoeia
c) Important Pharmacopoeia
d) Institutional Pharmacopoeia
Answer: b) Indian Pharmacopoeia
5. The Pakistan Pharmacopoeia (PP) is published by which organization? a) Ministry of Health,
Pakistan
b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
c) Pakistan Medical Association (PMA)
d) Pakistan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (PPMA)
Answer: b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
6. What type of substances does the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) mainly cover? a) Chemicals,
biologics, and medical devices
b) Drugs, excipients, and biologics
c) Drugs, herbal products, and over-the-counter medicines
d) Only over-the-counter medicines
Answer: b) Drugs, excipients, and biologics
7. Which of the following is a standard provided by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP)? a)
Dosage forms
b) Sterility and microbiological testing
c) Clinical testing protocols
d) Both a and b
Answer: d) Both a and b
8. The Pakistan Pharmacopoeia includes standards for: a) Only locally manufactured drugs
b) Both locally manufactured and imported drugs
c) Only synthetic drugs
d) Herbal drugs only
Answer: b) Both locally manufactured and imported drugs
9. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pharmacopoeial standards? a) They are
updated annually in most countries
b) They only apply to pharmaceutical manufacturers
c) They cover drug formulations, test methods, and quality standards
d) They are not legally binding
Answer: c) They cover drug formulations, test methods, and quality standards
10. Which of the following is NOT a function of the pharmacopoeia? a) Defining the quality
standards of drugs
b) Regulating drug pricing
c) Providing test methods for drug quality control
d) Specifying packaging requirements
Answer: b) Regulating drug pricing
11. The pharmacopoeial standards in the BP apply to which of the following? a) Pharmaceuticals
only
b) Pharmaceuticals and medical devices
c) Pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and excipients
d) Pharmaceuticals and packaging materials
Answer: c) Pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and excipients
12. What is a monograph in the context of pharmacopoeial standards? a) A detailed description
of a drug, its formulation, and testing methods
b) A list of drugs approved for marketing
c) A set of instructions for prescribing a drug
d) A scientific article on drug usage
Answer: a) A detailed description of a drug, its formulation, and testing methods
13. Which of the following pharmacopoeial standards would most likely contain guidelines for
the preparation of injections? a) BP (British Pharmacopoeia)
b) USP (United States Pharmacopeia)
c) IP (Indian Pharmacopoeia)
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
14. Which organization in Pakistan is responsible for the implementation of the Pakistan
Pharmacopoeia standards? a) Ministry of Commerce
b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
c) Pakistan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (PPMA)
d) Federal Investigation Agency (FIA)
Answer: b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
15. Which of the following pharmacopoeial standards would be most applicable in Europe? a)
BP (British Pharmacopoeia)
b) USP (United States Pharmacopeia)
c) IP (Indian Pharmacopoeia)
d) International Pharmacopoeia (IP)
Answer: a) BP (British Pharmacopoeia)
16. Which of the following is a feature of the monographs in the pharmacopoeia? a) The
monographs specify drug testing methods, purity requirements, and dosage forms
b) The monographs include detailed marketing strategies
c) The monographs are updated every 5 years
d) The monographs are only for branded drugs
Answer: a) The monographs specify drug testing methods, purity requirements, and dosage
forms
17. Which of the following standards is most likely to be used for a drug manufactured in
India? a) BP (British Pharmacopoeia)
b) USP (United States Pharmacopeia)
c) IP (Indian Pharmacopoeia)
d) Pakistan Pharmacopoeia
Answer: c) IP (Indian Pharmacopoeia)
18. What type of quality control test is usually described in pharmacopoeial monographs for
tablets? a) Friability test
b) Disintegration test
c) Dissolution test
 d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
19. Which of the following pharmacopoeias provides standards for both the testing and quality
control of food ingredients as well as pharmaceuticals? a) BP
b) USP
c) IP
d) Pakistan Pharmacopoeia
Answer: b) USP
20. Which pharmacopoeia would be the most relevant to pharmaceutical manufacturers in the
United States? a) BP
b) IP
c) USP
d) Pakistan Pharmacopoeia
Answer: c) USP
21. How frequently are major updates typically made to pharmacopoeial standards? a) Every 3-
5 years
b) Every 10 years
c) Annually
d) Once every 25 years
Answer: a) Every 3-5 years
22. What does the term "compendial" refer to in the context of pharmacopoeial standards? a)
The financial cost of drug production
b) The accepted pharmacopoeial monographs and testing methods
c) The marketing strategies for drugs
d) The public health impact of drugs
Answer: b) The accepted pharmacopoeial monographs and testing methods
23. Which of the following pharmacopoeias sets standards for both active pharmaceutical
ingredients (APIs) and excipients? a) BP
b) USP
c) IP
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
24. Which organization is responsible for the International Pharmacopoeia, which is used as a
reference by many countries? a) World Health Organization (WHO)
b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
c) United Nations (UN)
d) Federal Drug Administration (FDA)
Answer: a) World Health Organization (WHO)
25. In the Pakistan Pharmacopoeia, which of the following is specified for herbal medicines? a)
Active ingredient concentration
b) Shelf-life
c) Storage conditions
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Next, I will proceed with Counterfeit & Substandard Drugs Identification. Stay tuned!
Here are 25 MCQs for Counterfeit & Substandard Drugs Identification:

4. Counterfeit & Substandard Drugs Identification (25 MCQs)

1. What is a counterfeit drug? a) A drug manufactured with incorrect ingredients

b) A drug marketed under a false label or with fake branding
c) A drug that is ineffective but legally approved
d) A drug with expired shelf life
Answer: b) A drug marketed under a false label or with fake branding
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a substandard drug? a) Incorrectly labeled
ingredients
b) Failure to meet pharmacopoeial standards
c) Intentionally misbranded or falsified
d) The drug is produced by an unapproved manufacturer
Answer: c) Intentionally misbranded or falsified
3. What is the primary difference between counterfeit and substandard drugs? a) Counterfeit
drugs have no active ingredients; substandard drugs may have incorrect active ingredients
b) Counterfeit drugs are produced with the intention to deceive, while substandard drugs fail to
meet legal standards
c) Substandard drugs are illegal, while counterfeit drugs are legally approved
d) There is no difference between them
Answer: b) Counterfeit drugs are produced with the intention to deceive, while substandard
drugs fail to meet legal standards
4. Which of the following is a common method for identifying counterfeit drugs? a) Checking
the drug's price
b) Visual inspection of packaging and labeling
c) Relying on customer reviews
d) Ignoring drug history
Answer: b) Visual inspection of packaging and labeling
5. Which of the following is a risk associated with counterfeit and substandard drugs? a) The
drugs may be less expensive
b) The drugs may cause harm or lack therapeutic efficacy
c) The drugs may be approved by regulatory authorities
d) The drugs may have better efficacy than the genuine version
Answer: b) The drugs may cause harm or lack therapeutic efficacy
6. Which of the following is commonly used to detect counterfeit drugs through laboratory
analysis? a) Visual inspection
b) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
c) Checking the expiry date
d) Customer surveys
Answer: b) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
7. How can counterfeit drugs affect public health? a) They may provide the intended therapeutic
benefit
b) They may lead to treatment failures, resistance, or adverse effects
 c) They can help reduce healthcare costs
d) They are guaranteed to be effective
Answer: b) They may lead to treatment failures, resistance, or adverse effects
8. Which of the following can be a method of counterfeit drug identification in the field? a)
Testing with a spectrometer
b) Comparing the drug’s packaging with the genuine product
c) Assessing the drug’s market price
d) Consulting a manufacturer’s website
Answer: b) Comparing the drug’s packaging with the genuine product
9. Which of the following is NOT typically used as an indicator of counterfeit drugs? a)
Missing or altered holograms or security features
b) Packaging that is inconsistent with the genuine product
c) Drugs with an unusual or incorrect appearance
d) Drugs with a shelf life significantly longer than the usual period
Answer: d) Drugs with a shelf life significantly longer than the usual period
10. What is a common consequence of using counterfeit or substandard drugs? a) Improved
therapeutic effects
b) Enhanced public trust in healthcare
c) Harmful side effects and adverse reactions
d) Increased drug prices
Answer: c) Harmful side effects and adverse reactions
11. Which of the following is a characteristic of substandard drugs? a) They are produced with
fake ingredients
b) They contain the correct active ingredient but in incorrect amounts
c) They have no therapeutic effect
d) They are made by unauthorized manufacturers
Answer: b) They contain the correct active ingredient but in incorrect amounts
12. What regulatory body is responsible for identifying and regulating counterfeit and
substandard drugs in Pakistan? a) World Health Organization (WHO)
b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
c) Ministry of Health, Pakistan
d) Federal Drug Administration (FDA)
Answer: b) Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)
13. What method is commonly used to distinguish substandard drugs from genuine drugs? a)
Color comparison
b) Dissolution testing
c) The cost of the drug
d) Manufacturer advertising materials
Answer: b) Dissolution testing
14. What is the risk of counterfeit antibiotics in particular? a) They can lead to the development
of antibiotic resistance
b) They are typically safer than genuine antibiotics
c) They are easier to identify due to strong brand names
d) They offer better therapeutic effects
Answer: a) They can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance
15. Which of the following is a typical characteristic of counterfeit drug packaging? a) Perfectly
accurate and identical to the original product
 b) Inconsistent fonts, colors, and logos
c) Packaging with no visible signs of wear
d) Transparent and easy-to-read labels
Answer: b) Inconsistent fonts, colors, and logos
16. Which of the following is a key action to prevent the circulation of counterfeit drugs? a)
Reducing the cost of drug production
b) Strengthening drug traceability systems and reporting mechanisms
c) Decreasing drug prices significantly
d) Limiting the number of available drug brands
Answer: b) Strengthening drug traceability systems and reporting mechanisms
17. What is one of the most important roles of health professionals in preventing the use of
counterfeit drugs? a) Reporting suspected counterfeit drugs to regulatory authorities
b) Encouraging patients to purchase drugs from online sources
c) Ignoring suspected counterfeit products
d) Selling drugs directly to patients without regulation
Answer: a) Reporting suspected counterfeit drugs to regulatory authorities
18. Which of the following is a commonly used method for identifying counterfeit drugs at the
point of sale? a) Conducting clinical trials on the spot
b) Checking if the drugs are sold by well-known brands only
c) Comparing batch numbers and expiry dates with the manufacturer
d) Asking customers about the drug’s effectiveness
Answer: c) Comparing batch numbers and expiry dates with the manufacturer
19. What is the purpose of using RFID technology in combating counterfeit drugs? a) To track
the price of the drug
b) To ensure correct storage conditions
c) To improve the traceability of drugs through the supply chain
d) To reduce the cost of drug packaging
Answer: c) To improve the traceability of drugs through the supply chain
20. How do counterfeit drugs typically enter the market? a) Through official retail channels only
b) By bypassing legal regulatory requirements
c) By being sold exclusively in rural areas
d) Through government-controlled outlets
Answer: b) By bypassing legal regulatory requirements
21. What is the role of international organizations like WHO in combating counterfeit drugs?
a) Enforcing national laws related to drugs
b) Coordinating international efforts to improve drug safety and monitoring
c) Producing counterfeit drugs
d) Distributing counterfeit medicines to low-income countries
Answer: b) Coordinating international efforts to improve drug safety and monitoring
22. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of counterfeit injectable drugs? a)
Presence of foreign particles in the injectable solution
b) Packaging that looks legitimate but has inconsistencies
c) Exact match to the genuine drug in terms of content and effect
d) Incorrect labeling or lack of proper labeling
Answer: c) Exact match to the genuine drug in terms of content and effect
23. What is the key method for identifying counterfeit drugs in international trade? a) Random
visual inspections
 b) Using molecular fingerprinting or chemical analysis
c) Relying on the manufacturer’s sales documents
d) Monitoring customer feedback
Answer: b) Using molecular fingerprinting or chemical analysis
24. What should patients do if they suspect they have received a counterfeit drug? a) Continue
using the drug and observe its effects
b) Contact the pharmacy or health authority immediately
c) Stop using the drug and self-medicate
d) Dispose of the drug by themselves
Answer: b) Contact the pharmacy or health authority immediately
25. What role do pharmacists play in the prevention of counterfeit drugs? a) Selling drugs
without verifying the source
b) Ensuring proper drug storage conditions
c) Promoting counterfeit drugs for cheaper alternatives
d) Identifying suspicious drugs and reporting them to authorities
Answer: d) Identifying suspicious drugs and reporting them to authorities

Now, I will proceed with Laboratory Techniques (HPLC, UV Spectrophotometry, Dissolution

Testing). Stay tuned!

Here are 25 MCQs for Laboratory Techniques (HPLC, UV Spectrophotometry, Dissolution

Testing):

5. Laboratory Techniques (HPLC, UV Spectrophotometry, Dissolution Testing) (25 MCQs)

1. What is the primary function of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)? a) To

identify the color of a substance
b) To separate and quantify components in a mixture
c) To measure the temperature of a drug sample
d) To assess the solubility of a drug
Answer: b) To separate and quantify components in a mixture
2. In HPLC, what does the mobile phase refer to? a) The stationary phase of the column
b) The solvent or mixture used to carry the sample through the column
c) The sample being tested
d) The detector used to analyze the compounds
Answer: b) The solvent or mixture used to carry the sample through the column
3. What is the role of the stationary phase in HPLC? a) To transport the sample
b) To interact with the sample and cause separation of components
c) To detect the compounds in the sample
d) To adjust the pH of the sample
Answer: b) To interact with the sample and cause separation of components
4. What is the principle behind UV spectrophotometry? a) The measurement of the light emitted
by a substance
 b) The measurement of the absorption of ultraviolet light by a substance
c) The measurement of the mass of a sample
d) The measurement of the temperature change in a sample
Answer: b) The measurement of the absorption of ultraviolet light by a substance
5. In UV spectrophotometry, what does the wavelength of light absorbed by a substance
indicate? a) The temperature of the substance
b) The concentration of the substance in a solution
c) The molecular structure of the substance
d) The pH of the solution
Answer: b) The concentration of the substance in a solution
6. What is the purpose of the dissolution test for tablets or capsules? a) To measure the weight
of the tablet
b) To determine how fast the tablet dissolves in a given solution
c) To check the tablet's color and size
d) To measure the stability of the tablet
Answer: b) To determine how fast the tablet dissolves in a given solution
7. Which of the following is commonly used as a solvent in HPLC? a) Water
b) Ethanol
c) Acetonitrile
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
8. Which detector is commonly used in HPLC to measure UV absorbance of the eluted
compounds? a) Refractive index detector
b) Fluorescence detector
c) UV-visible detector
d) Mass spectrometer
Answer: c) UV-visible detector
9. What is the significance of using a standard curve in UV spectrophotometry? a) To calibrate
the instrument
b) To identify the molecular weight of the compound
c) To determine the concentration of the unknown sample
d) To improve the resolution of the spectrum
Answer: c) To determine the concentration of the unknown sample
10. Which type of sample preparation is commonly used in UV spectrophotometry? a)
Crystallization
b) Dilution of the sample in a suitable solvent
c) Freezing the sample
d) Heating the sample to high temperatures
Answer: b) Dilution of the sample in a suitable solvent
11. In dissolution testing, what is typically used to simulate the physiological conditions of the
stomach? a) Water at room temperature
b) A phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 7.4
c) A hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of around 1.2
d) A mixture of ethanol and water
Answer: c) A hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of around 1.2
12. Which of the following factors can affect the dissolution rate of a drug? a) Temperature
b) Agitation speed
 c) Particle size of the drug
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
13. What is typically measured during dissolution testing? a) The drug's solubility in water
b) The time required for the drug to completely dissolve in the simulated environment
c) The stability of the drug during dissolution
d) The exact molecular weight of the drug
Answer: b) The time required for the drug to completely dissolve in the simulated environment
14. Which of the following is a common application of HPLC in the pharmaceutical industry?
a) To determine the solubility of a drug
b) To analyze drug purity and identify contaminants
c) To test the viscosity of liquids
d) To evaluate the stability of tablets
Answer: b) To analyze drug purity and identify contaminants
15. What type of sample is most suitable for analysis by UV spectrophotometry? a) Highly
opaque samples
b) Transparent or semi-transparent samples in a liquid form
c) Solids
d) Gaseous samples
Answer: b) Transparent or semi-transparent samples in a liquid form
16. What is the function of a column in HPLC? a) To separate the different components of the
sample mixture
b) To detect the separated components
c) To inject the sample into the system
d) To store the sample during analysis
Answer: a) To separate the different components of the sample mixture
17. In dissolution testing, how is the drug concentration typically measured? a) By using an
ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer
b) By calculating the drug’s molecular weight
c) By using a pH meter
d) By measuring the drug’s solubility in water
Answer: a) By using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer
18. What is the typical volume of the dissolution medium used in dissolution testing? a) 1-2 mL
b) 10-15 mL
c) 500-1000 mL
d) 50-100 mL
Answer: c) 500-1000 mL
19. In UV spectrophotometry, which type of light source is commonly used? a) Xenon lamp
b) Tungsten lamp
c) Mercury vapor lamp
d) All of the above
Answer: b) Tungsten lamp
20. What is the principle behind the use of a refractive index detector in HPLC? a) Measuring
the absorption of light by the eluted compounds
b) Measuring changes in the refractive index of the eluting solvents as they pass through the
detector
c) Measuring the fluorescence emitted by the eluted compounds
 d) Measuring the mass of the compounds
Answer: b) Measuring changes in the refractive index of the eluting solvents as they pass through
the detector
21. What is typically used to simulate the conditions of the small intestine during dissolution
testing of enteric-coated tablets? a) An acid buffer solution at pH 1.2
b) A neutral buffer solution at pH 7.4
c) An alkaline buffer solution at pH 8.0
d) A mixture of water and ethanol
Answer: b) A neutral buffer solution at pH 7.4
22. Which method is commonly used in HPLC for detecting compounds based on their
ultraviolet absorption? a) Refractive index detector
b) UV-visible detector
c) Fluorescence detector
d) Electrochemical detector
Answer: b) UV-visible detector
23. What does the term "peak area" refer to in HPLC analysis? a) The amount of time it takes
for a compound to elute
b) The area under the chromatographic peak, which correlates with the concentration of a
compound
c) The physical space occupied by the compound
d) The total mass of the sample
Answer: b) The area under the chromatographic peak, which correlates with the concentration of
a compound
24. In the context of dissolution testing, what does the term "sink conditions" refer to? a) When
the dissolution medium is saturated with the drug
b) When the dissolution medium is free from drug particles
c) When the dissolution rate of the drug is at its maximum
d) When the drug is in its insoluble form
Answer: b) When the dissolution medium is free from drug particles
25. Which of the following is typically analyzed in the dissolution study of extended-release
formulations? a) The rate at which the drug is released over time
b) The overall solubility of the drug in water
c) The stability of the tablet’s coating
d) The weight variation of the tablet
Answer: a) The rate at which the drug is released over time

These are 25 MCQs covering Laboratory Techniques (HPLC, UV Spectrophotometry, Dissolution

Testing). Let me know if you need further assistance or more topics!