ANDHRA PRADESH PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

State Forest Service Examination 2022

► POST

• Assistant Conservator of Forest (ACF)

• Vacancies : 09
• Pay Scale : 40,270 – 93,780
• Age : 18 – 42 years
• Last Date : 09/05/2022 for Fee Payment
• Medium of Examination : English Only
• For other details : https://psc.ap.gov.in/Documents/NotificationDocuments/04_2022.pdf

► EXAMINATION PLAN

Minimum Qualifying marks : 40 % for Open & EWS; 35 % for OBC; 30 % for SC, ST, & PHs.

► SYLLABUS

Paper – IV [General Forestry-I]

UNIT SYLLABUS SOURCE

RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES
a) Forest resources : Use and over-exploitation, deforestation,
I
important case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and Included in the study material :
their effects on forests and tribal people. Forest Protection
 b) Water resources : Use and over-utilization of surface and
ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-
benefits and problems.
c) Mineral resources : Use and exploitation, environmental
effects of extracting and using mineral resources.
d) Food resources : World food problems, changes caused by
agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture,
fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity.
e) Energy resources : Growing energy needs, renewable and
non-renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy
sources.
https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/mo
f) Land resources : Land as a resource, land degradation, man delcurriculum/env.pdf

induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification.

PLANT SCIENCE

a) The diversity in the living world and biological classification.

b) Morphology of flowering plants-modifications and functions
of roots, stems and leaves.
c) Basics of plant tissues and how they differ from animal
tissues.
d) Basic anatomical structure of wood like annual rings, grain,
texture, pores, fibers, pith, rays, etc.,
e) Seed morphology- types of seeds viz., mono-cotyledonous
and di-Cotyledonous, albuminous and endospermic and PhD is not required. Just basic
their development, structure, dormancy, dispersal and
concepts over (12th / SSC level) –
germination.
• Plant Morphology
f) Reproduction in plants:
• Plant Anatomy
g) Sexual incompatibility and sexual methods of reproduction
II in plants-Pollination, fertilization, hybridization and • Reproduction
development of the fruit. • Plant Physiology
h) Asexual and vegetative methods of reproduction • Genetics
i) Principles of Plant propagation- production of varieties and • Plant Pathology
hybrids.
j) Absorption and conduction of water and minerals salts
translocation- transpiration, photosynthesis, respiration,
digestion and assimilation of food, anabolism and
catabolism- deficiency symptoms of essential elements, role
of plant growth regulators in plants.
k) Basic principles of inheritance and variation and molecular
basis of inheritance with special emphasis on DNA & RNA.
l) The most common diseases of plants, important factors
affecting infections and the chemical, biological and genetic
methods of disease control.
 Can refer any book on Ecology,
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION
Environment, and Biodiversity
a) Definition and value of biodiversity, genetic, species and or this one

ecosystem diversity,
b) Biodiversity at global, National and local levels,
c) Hot-spots of biodiversity, causes of biodiversity losses, need
III
and the measures for biodiversity conservation.
d) Major biomes of India, major abiotic factors that influence the
life of organisms, responses of the organisms to such factors,
adaptations for withstanding the extremes in the
environment and population ecology.

SOIL SCIENCE & GEOLOGY

a) Geological formation of the rocks and minerals of India.

b) Earth and its layers-domains of earth Types - of rocks and Included in the study material :
their formation. weathering process of rocks- factors
Forest Soil
affecting soil formation-physical, chemical and biological
properties soil; minerals, their types and their conservation.
Or
IV c) Soil conservation - definition, causes for erosion, types - wind
and water erosion; conservation and management of eroded
soils/areas, wind breaks, shelter belts; sand dunes; Alternate source :
reclamation of saline and alkaline soils, water logged and http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.i
other waste lands. Role of forests in conserving soils. n/course/view.php?id=125
d) Maintenance and build-up of soil organic matter; forest leaf
litter and composting; Role of microorganisms in ameliorating
soils; N and C cycles

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND WATER SHED

MANAGEMENT

a) Basics of surface and subsurface water resources, pollution of

water and water resource management.

V b) Concepts of watershed; role of mini-forests and forest trees

in overall resource management, forest hydrology, watershed
development. Included in the study material :
c) Water-harvesting and conservation; ground water recharge Watershed Management
and watershed management; role of integrating forest trees,
horticultural crops, field crops, grass and fodders.
 SILVICULTURE, AGRO FORESTRY, SOCIAL FORESTRY,
COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT
Included in the study material :
a) General Silvicultural Principles; ecological and physiological
factors influencing vegetation, natural and artificial Silviculture

regeneration of forests, methods of propagation, grafting or

L.S. Khanna
techniques; site factors;
or
b) Nursery and planting techniques — nursery beds, polybags
and maintenance, water budgeting, grading and hardening of
seedlings, special approaches, establishment and tending

c) Silviculture of the following economically important species

grown in Andhra Pradesh such as – (1) Acacia nilotica (2)
Azadirachta indica, (3) Dendrocalamus strictus, (4) Casuarina Included in the study material :
equisetifolia, (5) Dalbergia sisoo, (6) Emblica officinalis, (7) Important Indian Tree Species
VI
Eucalyptus spp., (8) Gmelina arborea, (9) Pterocarpus Or
marsupium, (10) Pterocarpus santalinus (11) Santalum album
Alternative : Silviculture of
(12) Tectona grandis, (13) Melia dubia and (14) Leucaena
Indian Trees by S. S. Negi
leucocephala

d) Agroforestry : scope and necessity; role in the life of people

and domestic animals and in integrated land use, planning
especially related to soil and water conservation, water Included in the study material :
recharge, nutrient availability to crops, nature and eco- Agroforestry, Social Forestry
system preservation including ecological balances through and Watershed Management
pest- predator relationships and providing opportunities for Or
enhancing biodiversity, medicinal and other flora and fauna.
Unfortunately, there is no book
e) Agro forestry systems under different agro-ecological zones,
that covers all related aspects of
selection of species and role of multipurpose trees and NTFPs, agroforestry and social forestry.
techniques, food, fodder and fuel security. However, you can refer –
f) Objectives, scope and necessity of social forestry. https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/forestry
/agroforestry_index.html
or
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/c
ourse/view.php?id=157
or
 Included in the study material :
JFM
Or
g) Genesis, principles, objectives and methodology of
http://forests.telangana.gov.in/Doc
Community Forest management in Andhra Pradesh
uments/People'sForestry/JFMINAP.
htm
or
http://ifs.nic.in/Dynamic/pdf/JFM%
20handbook.pdf

Paper – IV [ General Forestry-II]

UNIT SYLLABUS SOURCE
ECOSYSTEM & WILDLIFE Can refer any book on Ecology,
a) Concept of an ecosystem, Structure and function of an Environment, and Biodiversity
or this one
ecosystem, the rate of biomass production, GPP, NPP,
decomposition and energy flow through different trophic
levels. Ecological pyramids and ecological succession.
b) Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure,
I
functions and services of the ecosystems such as Forest
ecosystem, Grassland ecosystem, Desert ecosystem,
Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans,
estuaries),
c) Wildlife of India, endangered species of India; sanctuaries
and national parks of India and Biological rhythms.

FOREST PROTECTION WILDLIFE BIOLOGY

a) Injuries to forest - abiotic and biotic destructive agencies,
insect — pests and disease, effects of air pollution on
II forests and forest die back. Included in the study material :

b) Susceptibility of forests to damage, nature of damage, Forest Protection

cause, prevention, protective measures and benefits due to Or
chemical and biological control.
 c) General forest protection against fire, equipment and
methods, controlled use of fire, economic and
environmental costs;
d) Timber salvage operations after natural disasters.
e) Role of afforestation and forest regeneration in absorption
of CO2.
f) Rotational and controlled grazing, different methods of
control against grazing and browsing animals;
g) effect of wild animals on forest regeneration,
h) Human impacts: Forest encroachment, poaching, grazing,
live fencing, theft, shifting cultivation and control.

FOREST UTILIZATION
a) Traditional and improved/modern tools used in logging,
wood seasoning, wood/timber preservation, Included in the study material :
b) logging-transport methods, Forest Utilization
c) Physical properties of wood and their importance in
III
identification of timber species.
d) Uses of important MFP/NTFP species available in the forests
of A.P.
e) List of plants known to be antidotes of snake and scorpion Or
Soft copy already available on
poisoning
various online platforms
ANIMAL MANAGEMENT
a) Animal management – animal ailments and treatments.
b) Definition of some animals like human beings, wolf, jackals,
lion rabbit etc., based on incisors- canine/cuspids, pre-molars
and molars,
IV c) Poisonous and non-poisonous snakes of India, symptoms Refer relevant books/Internet
following the snake bite, treatment of snake bite.
d) Role of nutrition in animal health and production.
e) Nutrition deficiencies and their management.
f) Morphological features of a bird and the concept of migration
in birds and the ecological importance of birds

ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY
Beneficial and harmful insects including insect vectors of human
V diseases, Industrial fish, prawn and molluscs of India, Non- Refer relevant books/Internet
poisonous and poisonous snakes of India, Venomous animals-
centipede, wasp, honey bee.

FOREST ECONOMICS, FOREST LEGISLATION AND

ADMINISTRATION
VI a) Forest economics – fundamental principles, cost-benefit Included in the study material :
analyses; estimation of demand and supply; Forest Economics + Forest
Legislation
 b) Forest economics – investment planning, depreciation,
working capital, types of costs viz., gross, fixed, variable,
marginal & opportunity costs.,
c) Methods employed for investment calculations such as Net
surplus method, payoff time method, present value or capital
value method, internal interest method, capital cost method.
d) Forest Legislation-History of forest development; essence of
Indian Forest Policy of 1894, 1952 and 1990. National Forest
Policy -1988.
e) Forest laws, necessity; general principles, AP Forest Act-1967;
Forest Conservation Act-1980; Wildlife Protection Act-1972
and their amendments; Application of Indian Penal Code to
Forestry.
f) Forest Administration : Indian Forest Service, AP State Forest
Service, AP State Forest Subordinate Services, AP Forest
Department-Its structure and activities

FOREST INVENTORY
a) Scope and objectives of Forest inventory.
b) Complete enumeration vs. sampling, need for sampling, basic
concepts in sampling, designing large-scale sample surveys,
VII sampling and non- sampling errors, simple random sampling. Included in the study material :
c) Properties of a good estimator, estimation of sample size, Forest Mensuration
stratified random sampling, systematic sampling cluster
sampling, and ratio and regression methods of estimation
under simple and stratified random sampling.

FOREST MENSURATION & REMOTE SENSING:

a) Statistics- population parameters- measures of central
tendency and dispersion, aim of sampling, sampling methods,
regression.
b) Methods of measuring — diameter, girth, height and volume
of trees; form-factor; volume estimation of stand, current
annual increment; mean annual increment, Yield calculation,
Included in the study material :
VIII yield and stand tables:
Forest Mensuration + Remote
c) Forest planning, evaluation and monitoring tools and
sensing
approaches for integrated planning.
d) Modern instruments used in forest mensuration like
Relaskop, Altimeter, Wedge Prism, Planimeter etc.,
e) Basic principles of Remote sensing- Air photo interpretation
GIS, GPS, and GNSS.
f) Forest cover monitoring through remote sensing;
Can refer any book on Ecology,
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IX Environment, and Biodiversity
or this one
 a) Definition, scope and importance, need for public awareness
on environmental issues.
b) Environmental Pollution: Definition, Causes, effects and
control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil
pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal
pollution &Nuclear hazards.
c) Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control
measures of urban and industrial wastes.
d) Social Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to
Sustainable development.
e) Urban problems related to energy, Water conservation, rain
water harvesting, Resettlement and rehabilitation of people;
its problems and concerns,
f) Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions, Climate
change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion,
nuclear accidents and holocaust, Wasteland reclamation,
Consumerism and waste products.
g) Necessity of Environment Protection Act-1986, Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act-1981, Water
(Prevention and control of Pollution) Act-1974, APWALTA-
2004.

FOREST SURVEY & ENGINEERING

a) Basics of Survey and forest Engineering – bearings, Offsets-
types of concrete, painting, varnishing, glazing, pointing, Included in the study material :
plastering. Forest Surveying and
b) Road alignment- main considerations in road alignment, Engineering
X c) Types of roads depending upon the duration of the use of Or
road,
d) Use of ghat tracer, Dumpy level, IOP level and Theodolite.

FIRST AID
a) Primary goal, key aims and types of the first-aid. http://surl.li/bxgah
XI b) First Aid- first aid for bleeding, drowning, venomous insects,
Click on Get it for download
burns and scalds, shock, unconsciousness, fits, fainting, sun
stroke, sprains, wounds, fractures.

NOTE : Currently, we are not able to provide the complete syllabus for this exam due to institutional
constraints.

► Study material is available on the following subjects [Theory + MCQs]

 • Silviculture (Including Mangroves)
• Important Indian tree species
• Forest Protection
• Forest Utilization
• Forest Mensuration, Including Forest Inventory
• Remote sensing, GIS, GPS and its applications
• Forest Surveying and Engineering
• Agroforestry, Social Forestry, and Watershed management
• JFM
• Forest Soil and its conservation
• Forest Legislation
• Forest Economics

► MCQs covering 75+ previous year papers of various state ACF/RFO examinations arranged in
chapter-wise and topic-wise manner
► Courier : In the meantime, you will receive some portion of it in non-downloadable format up
until 10 May, when it will courier in color printed hard-copy format.

► About Study Material

• As per the given syllabus of APPPSC

• Theory : Colour printed 500 pages Study material [by Courier]
• MCQs : 3500+ MCQs (250+ Pages) on Forestry & Environment [online delivery, in PDF format]
• Chat Support (Limited).
• Samples : At the end of this prospectus
• Fee Structure

SN Course components Fee

1. Study material (only) : English edition 2500/-
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 CHAPTER Forest, Forestry and
2 Silviculture

2.1 | FOREST

❑ FOREST term derived from a LATIN term FORIS which means outside of village boundary.
❑ Definition :

⁎ An area set aside for the production of timber and other forest produce or to get other indirect
benefits from it.

⁎ An uncultivated land occupied by natural vegetation with a closed or partially closed canopy,
which provides shelter to the wildlife.

⁎ Any land area declared as 'forest' under any central or state or local laws (i.e., by Tribal council).

❑ FOREST CLASSIFICATION : Forests are classified into various categories for purposes of description,
administration, management, and record; based on -

[A] Age
[B] Regeneration basis
[C] Composition
[D] Ownership
[E] Function
[F] Legality
[G] Growing stock
[H] Ecological or Ecosystem-based

► FOREST TYPES, BASED ON AGE

▪ EVEN AGED or REGULAR FOREST : a forest (stand) consisting of trees of approximately the same
age. Differences up to 25 % of the rotation age may be allowed in the case where a stand is not
harvested for 100 or more years. Nature never produced even-aged forest, but man can
through plantation works i.e., Nilambur teak plantation (1842). [in short, an actual even-aged
forest must be a man-made forest***].
▪ UN-EVEN AGED or IRREGULAR FOREST : Forest stand consisting of trees of all ages. A natural
forest shows this composition i.e., Satpura forest.

► METHOD OF REGENERATION
 APPSC | 2022
▪ HIGH FOREST : A forest with a closed or partially closed canopy regenerated by seeds. It is also
known as a 'seedling' forest.
▪ COPPICE FOREST : A forest regenerated by some vegetative methods like coppice, root suckers,
ratoons, etc., is called coppice forest. It is also known as a 'low' forest.

It can also classify as -

▪ NATURAL FOREST : When regeneration obtain by natural means i.e. Virgin forest
▪ Man-MADE FOREST or PLANTATION : When regeneration obtains by Artificial means.

► COMPOSITION OF FOREST VEGETATION (FLORISTIC COMPOSITION)

▪ PURE FOREST : A forest composed of almost entirely by one species, or at least not less than 80
%***. It is also called a Pure crop.
▪ MIXED FOREST : A forest composed of trees of two or more species intermingled in the same
canopy. Mixed forest may be further divided into –

⁎ Principal species – (a) The species first in importance in a mixed stand, either by frequency,
volume, or silvicultural value. (b) The species to which the silviculture of a mixed forest is
primarily directed.
⁎ Accessory species – a useful species of less value than the principal species, which assists in
the growth of later.
⁎ Auxiliary species – A species of inferior quality or size, of relatively little silvicultural value
or importance. [Syn. Secondary species, Subsidiary species].

► CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OWNERSHIP

▪ GOVT OWNED FOREST : Forest owned and managed by the state. 96 % forest area of India
comes under this category.
▪ COMMUNAL FOREST : A forest owned and managed by a community such as a village, tribal
authority, local government for their wellbeing [Syn. Community forest].
▪ PRIVATE FOREST : A forest owned and managed by industry i.e. BILT paper mill.
▪ PANCHAYAT FOREST : forest whose management is vested in a village panchayat for
administration and management purposes i.e. Lalwan community reserve, Punjab.

► CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION OR OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT

▪ NATIONAL FOREST POLICY

(1952) : classified forest into 4 NCA Report 1976

categories, based on their

purpose of management i.e. 1 2 3
Protection Forest Production Forest Social Forest
Protection forest, National
forest, Village forest, and Tree
land. Valuable Forest Inaccessible Forest

Mixed quality Forest

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 FORESTRY
▪ Similarly, NATIONAL COMMISSION ON AGRICULTURE (1976) : also classified Indian forests into
3 groups i.e. Protection forest, Production forest and social forest.

► CLASSIFICATION BASED ON LEGALITY OR STATUTORY : An area declared as Forest under either

Indian Forest Act (IFA) 1927 or any other state / local community law. Under the Indian forest act
1927, the forest could be classified as -

▪ RESERVED FOREST : An area declared as a reserve forest under "Chapter II" of the Indian forest
act-1927 for providing complete protection.
▪ VILLAGE FOREST : A state forest assigned to a village community under "Chapter III" of IFA-1927
to supply forest products to a village without disintegrating its sustainability.
▪ PROTECTED FOREST : Forest Area subject to the limited degree of protection, exercises control
on felling and transport of timber, and removal of forest produce in whatever form it may be.
Declared under "Chapter IV" of IFA.
▪ UN-CLASSES FOREST : Forest land owned by Govt.

 Two more categories were created in 2002 through the Wildlife Protection (Amendment) Act
– 2002, by adding Section 36A for declaring conservation reserve and Section 36C for

community reserve. (Remember, Govt and Public always have 36 का आकडा).

CONSERVATION RESERVE : Protected areas typically act as buffer zones or migration

corridors between established national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and reserved forests.
Such areas are designated as conservation areas if it is uninhabited and entirely owned by the
Government but used for subsistence by communities, i.e., Ropar Wetland Conservation
Reserve. If part of such area is privately owned, then we called it COMMUNITY RESERVE, i.e.,
Lalwan community reserve in Punjab.

► GROWING STOCK (GS) : the forests are classified into -

▪ NORMAL or IDEAL FOREST : a forest which for a given site and given objects of management, is
showing the trinity of norms - (1) Normal series of age class distribution, (2) Normal growing
stock and (3) Normal increment, and of which the annual or periodic removal of produces equal
to its increment, so it can be continued without endangering future yield.

▪ ABNORMAL FOREST : A forest, which does not show this trinity of norms.

► GEOGRAPHICAL or CLIMATIC / ECOLOGICAL BASIS : Given by Champion & Seth*** in 1968***. They
divide Indian forest into 5 MAJOR GROUPS***, that further divided into 16 TYPES*** or Groups.
▪ Major Group 1 : TROPICAL forest -
 Group 1 : Tropical Wet evergreen forest
 Group 2 : Tropical Semi-evergreen forest
 Group 3 : Tropical Moist deciduous forest
 Group 4 : Tropical littoral and swamp*** forest

© Hornbill classes 07223970423 Hornbillclasses@gmail.com 19

 APPSC | 2022
 Group 5 : Tropical Dry deciduous forest
 Group 6 : Tropical Thorn*** forest
 Group 7 : Tropical Dry evergreen forest

▪ Major Group 2 : Mountain SUBTROPICAL Forests

⁎ Group 8 : Mt. subtropical broad leaves hill forest

⁎ Group 9 : Mt. Subtropical Pine*** forest
⁎ Group 10 : Mt. Subtropical Dry evergreen forest

▪ Major Group 3 : Mountain Temperate Forests :

⁎ Group 11 : Mountain wet temperate forest

⁎ Group 12 : Mountain Moist temperate forest
⁎ Group 13 : Mountain Dry temperate forest

▪ Major Group 4 : SUB-ALPINE forests : Group 14 : Sub-alpine forests

▪ Major Group 5 : ALPINE Forests :

⁎ Group 15 : Moist Alpine forest

⁎ Group 16 : Dry Alpine forest

2.2 | FORESTRY

❑ The theory and practice of all that constitutes the creation, conservation, and scientific management
of forest and utilization of their resources***

It is an applied science which is concerned with not only the raising or cultivation of forest
crops but their protection, measurement, management, valuation & financing, and utilization of
forest products.

❑ CLASSIFICATION OF FORESTRY

► BASED ON THE INTENSITY OF MANAGEMENT

⁎ INTENSIVE FORESTRY : Practice of forestry for achieving maximum production per unit
area (usually timber, in volume & quality) through efficient application of modern
silvicultural and management practices. Under this, we utilized site potential up to the
maximum possible extent.

⁎ EXTENSIVE FORESTRY : Practice of forestry for raising multipurpose tree species (MPTS) for
the production of fuelwood, fodder, timber, wildlife conservation, etc. Here, the aim is not
to produce one thing but maximum possible numbers as per demands, so it cannot utilize
site potential efficiently. Therefore, it is also known as 'Multiple-use forestry.'

► BASED ON OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT

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 FORESTRY

1 2
Protection forestry Production forestry

Commercial forestry
Forestry
Industrial forestry

4
3 Urban forestry
Social forestry

A B C D
Farm Recreational Extention Restoration of
forestry forestry forestry degraded forests

⁎ PROTECTION FORESTRY : raising forest (Tree crops) with the primary aim of - (a) protection or
amelioration of natural resources, i.e., Soil, water, noise & Air pollution, etc. (b) Soil and water
conservation; (c) reduce the hazardous effect of drought, floods, tsunami, cyclones, etc.
⁎ PRODUCTION FORESTRY : Raising tree crops for commercial purposes (as a cash crop) or
feeding industrial demands.

The difference between Commercial and industrial forestry is that wherein Commercial forestry
production is not linked with any particular industry. Farmers intend to get the maximum
amount of output per unit area to get maximum profit; here, the quality/size/shape of wood is
not very important, i.e., Production of Bamboo to fulfill domestic demands, fodder, cottage
industry, and many other demands. whereas in Industrial forestry, production linked with a
particular industry and size/shape/quality of wood is essential factors, i.e., timber production of
cricket bat industry, Poplar production in Tarai region for century paper mill

⁎ SOCIAL FORESTRY : Raising forest crops outside of conventional forest areas for the wellbeing
of rural & urban communities.
➢ Farm Forestry : Practice of forestry on the farm to raise rows of trees on farm boundaries
or as a block plantation, i.e., windbreaks.
➢ Recreational forestry : the practice of forestry to raise flowering trees and shrubs mainly to
serve as recreational forest to the rural and urban population. So also known as Aesthetic
forestry.
➢ Extension forestry : Practice of forestry outside of forest area, or away from the
conventional forest area to increase the area under tree growth i.e. Plantation along roads,
canals, railway tracks, etc.
➢ Reforestation of degraded forests : this was not considered under the umbrella of social
forestry by many mainstream writers like SS Negi, AP Dwivedi, etc. However, on the other
side, many authors considered it under social forestry, including Agroforestry. They were
further supported by the NCA report 1976.

© Hornbill classes 07223970423 Hornbillclasses@gmail.com 21

 APPSC | 2022

2.3 | SILVICULTURE

❑ DEFINITION
 Silviculture is the ART and SCIENCE of cultivating forest crop.
 Silviculture is the theory and practices of raising forest crops (by Champian & Seth, 1968).
 Silviculture is the branch of forestry, which deals with the establishment, development, care,
and cultivation of stand timber (by Toumey & Korstian)***

❑ SILVICS : SILVICS is the study of LIFE

HISTORY and GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS of
Study of LIFE
forest trees or crops with particular
1 HISTORY
reference to environmental factors.

Silvics is the study of forest trees' growth, 2 General

development, and behaviours under a given characteristics of
forest trees
set of environmental conditions. And the
knowledge gathered in silvics is applied to the production and care of forest crops, called silviculture.

❑ OBJECTIVES OF SILVICULTURAL STUDY

⁎ Control crop composition – by controlling competition, diseases & fire attack

⁎ Production of large volume per unit area + increase quality of timber
⁎ Reduced rotation period
⁎ Afforestation, reforestation, and site protection.
⁎ Introduction of exotics, i.e., Poplar, Eucalyptus.
⁎ Creation of Man-made forest in place of Natural forest, i.e.,
Nilambur teak
❑ SILVICULTURE & OTHER BRANCHES OF FORESTRY

Silviculture is the hub (Backbone) of the forestry wheel. Other

forestry branches, i.e., Forest protection, Forest Management, Forest
Mensuration, Forest Economics, etc., are supported by Silviculture.

2.4 | ROLE OF FOREST

Forests are the lungs of the earth and the most valuable natural renewable resources for humankind.
Forest support earth ecosystem by performing various functions like –

Role of Forest

1 2
Productive role Protective role
or called or called
Tangible benefits Intangible benefits

22 © Hornbill classes 07223970423 Hornbillclasses@gmail.com

 FORESTRY
► PRODUCTIVE ROLES (FUNCTIONS) OF THE FORESTS

• Timber production : The forest is a significant source of wood, which is used for agricultural
implements, construction of houses, railway sleeps, etc.
• Fuelwood : Wood is the chief source of energy in rural areas and most of which is obtained from
the forests.
• Fodder and grazing : forest provides fodder leaves and grazing facilities to the domestic and wild
animals.
• Forest is also the primary source of non-wood products, called Minor forest products (MFPs) as
like –
 Fibers and flosses
 Gums and resins i.e. Bengal kino from Butea monosperma
 Essential oils, i.e., Sandalwood oil
 Tans and dyes, i.e., Brazilin dye from Caesalpinia sappan
 Drugs and spices
 Source of animal produce like Honey, Lac, Ivory, Guano, etc.
 Tendu leaves for bidi industry

► PROTECTIVE AND AMELIORATING FUNCTIONS OF THE FORESTS

• Maintain Water cycle : Forest reduces rainwater run-off through the mechanism of
Climate interception, percolation, and infiltration and increases local precipitation by about 5 to 10 %
due to their orographic and microclimatic effects.
• Forest plays a significant role in maintaining CO2 - O2 Balance in the atmosphere.
Connection
• Reduce wind velocity : forest creates mechanical obstruction, and a significant part of wind
deflected upward. An average dense forest reduces about 20 to 60 % of wind velocity than the
open area.
• Neutralized Air, water, soil, and noise pollution
• A storehouse of genetic diversity
• Ameliorate and maintain soil fertility : by recycling of existing minerals, the formation of new
minerals through the breaking of parental rocks, and their roots loosening soil aggregation.
• Provide shelters for wildlife

SACRED GROVES : patches of forest that some rural communities protect as abodes of deities i.e.
Gompa forest in Arunachal Pradesh.

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 Paper

IV EXERCISE - 1

Chapter 1 | General forestry

► HISTORICAL BACKGROUND BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
2016; Assam (ACF) 2019] examination 2018; TNPSC Forest
1. In ancient India, the only king
(a) K.E.S King Apprentice 2018; Kerala (RFO) 2019]
who took effort to look after the
(b) H.G champion (a) Kanha National Park
forest of his kingdom was [BHU
(c) R.S Troup (b) Kaziranga Park
(M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance 2015]
(d) Dietrich Brandis (c) Jim Corbett National Park
(a) Dharmapala
7. The foundation of present-day (d) Bandhavgarh
(b) Paru
Forestry Administration in India 12. National Commission on
(c) Chandragupt Maurya
was laid by [BHU (M.Sc.) Agriculture (NCA) established in
(d) Dasharatha
Agroforestry Entrance 2015] [ICAR (JRF) 2012; Karnataka RFO
2. The First Conservator of forest
(a) Gibson 2012-13; ASRB - ARS/NET 2014-15]
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
(b) Conolly (a) 1970
2018]
(c) Mc Clelland (b) 1977
(a) Trevor (b) Watson
(d) Brandis (c) 1980
(c) Troupe (d) Hartig
8. The Head Quarters of Inspector (d) 1987
3. In India, the first teak plantation
General of Forest is in [BHU 13. The term ‘social forestry’ was
was established at [ICAR (JRF)
(M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance 2016] first time used in India by the
2020]
(a) Dehra Dun National Commission on
(a) Sakrebail, Karnataka
(b) Missouri Agriculture in the year [BHU
(b) Nilambur, Kerala
(c) Delhi (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
(c) Allapalli, Maharashtra
examination - 2017]
(d) Haldwani, Uttarakhand (d) Mumbai
(a) 1996
4. The oldest teak plantation in the 9. Forest School at Dehradun was
(b) 1986
world is located in which state established during [BHU (M.Sc.)
Agroforestry Entrance 2017] (c) 1976
of India? [WII (M.Sc.) Entrance
(a) 1878 (d) 1966
exam 1999; APPSC (RFO) 2018;
(b) 1902 14. Rural fuelwood plantation
Odisha-civil (Pre) 2011]
(c) 1935 scheme was introduced in the
(a) Tamil Nadu
(d) 1947 year/plan [MPPSC (ACF) 2014]
(b) Andra Pradesh
10. The first world Forestry (a) 6th 5-year plan
(c) Karnataka
Congress was held in the year (b) 5th 5-year plan
(d) Kerala
1926 at [MPSC (ACF) 2016] (c) 4th 5-year plan
5. In India, plantation forestry was
(a) New York (d) 3rd 5-year plan
started in [BHU (M.Sc.)
Agroforestry Entrance 2016, 2018] (b) Rome 15. The Central Board for
(a) 1942 (b) 1842 (c) Istanbul Prevention and Control of Water

(c) 1947 (d) 1847 (d) Nairobi Pollution was constituted in

6. First Inspector General of forests 11. The first established National which year? [APPSC (FRO) 2018]

of India was [MPPSC (ACF) 2011; Park of India is [MPPSC (ACF) 2011, (a) 1974

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 APPSC | 2022

(b) 1986 (d) Uttaranchal 26. The Contribution of forestry to

(c) 1981 21. JFM concept was initiated by the Gross National Product
(d) 1972 [ICAR (JRF) 2015] (GNP) is around [RPSC – ACF/RFO
16. In which year Central pollution (a) Jack Westoby (2018) Forestry; ICAR (JRF) 2020]
Control Board (CPCB) was (b) K.M.Munshi (a) 9.2 %
established in India? [RPSC (c) A.K Banerjee (b) 1.2 %
(ACF/RFO) 2018 Environmental (d) None of them (c) None of these
science] 22. National Forestry Action plan (d) 7.1 %
(a) 1981 was launched in the year [TN 27. Who is popularly known as
(b) 1974 (ACF) 2018] Waterman of India? [MPPSC Civil
(c) 1976 (a) 1988 (Prelim) 2017; APPSC (RFO) 2018]
(d) 1978 (b) 1990 (a) Shrish Apte
17. The parliament by the ………… (c) 2007 (b) Ayyappa Masagi
amendment to the constitution (d) 1999 (c) Rajendra Singh
of India in 1976 brought forests 23. The National Tiger Conservation (d) Aabid Surti
and wildlife on the concurrent Authority was made a Statutory
► NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL
list in the ……. Schedule Authority during the year [TN
CONFERENCES
[Karnataka (RFO) 2012-13; Assam (ACF) 2018; Assam (ACF) 2019]
(ACF) 2019; Kerala (RFO) 2019] (a) 2004 28. When was the Ramsar
(a) 42nd Amendment, 7th (b) 2005 convention held [ASRB (ARS/NET)
Schedule (c) 2006 2018]

(b) 42nd Amendment, 9th (d) 2007 (a) 1970

Schedule 24. The Chipko Movement (India) (b) 1971
(c) 47nd Amendment, 9th was started during the period (c) 1991
Schedule [BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance (d) 1992
(d) 47nd Amendment, 7th examination - 2017] 29. Ramsar Convention came into
Schedule (a) 1962-63 force in [TN (ACF) 2014]
18. The first biosphere reserve of (b) 1972-73 (a) 1971
the world was established in the (c) 1982-83 (b) 1972
year [MPSC (ACF) 2017] (d) 1992-93 (c) 1975
(a) 1979 25. Who is the founder of the 30. Ramsar Convention is known for
(b) 1991 Appiko Movement? [APPSC (RFO) [RPSC-ACF/RFO (2018)
2018] Environmental science]
(c) 1986
(a) Anil Joshi (a) Soil conservation
(d) 1988
(b) Sunderlal Bahuguna (b) Wetland conservation
19. Which is the poisonous gas that
(c) Panduranga Hegde (c) Biodiversity conservation
leaked in the Bhopal gas tragedy
(d) Vandana Shiva (d) Forest conservation
[RPSC-ACF/RFO (2018)
Environmental science, UKPSC – ACF (d) 1980
Appiko - the southern version of
(2019) GS] 31. The United Nations Conference
Chipko (hug the trees) movement,
(a) Methyl iso-cyanate on the Human Environment was
was started by Pandurang Hegde in
(b) Carbon mono-oxide held in which year? [APPSC (RFO)
September 1983 at Salkani, the 2018]
(c) Methyl carbide
movement had a ripple effect not only (a) 1971
(d) Methane
in the state but also in parts of Kerala (b) 1972
20. Joint Forest Management was
and Tamil Nadu. Looking back, Hegde (c) 1981
first introduced in [ICAR (JRF)
rues that the opening of the economy (d) 1982
2012; BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry
Entrance examination - 2018]
and globalization have made people 32. Human environment conference
(a) West Bengal more individualistic. Hegde feels that (1972) was held at [RPSC –
(b) Tamil Nadu the alienation of people from nature ACF/RFO (2018) Environmental
(c) Odisha has widened. science]

2 © Hornbill classes 07223970423 Hornbillclasses@gmail.com

 FORESTRY

(a) Australia 37. The Convention on Biological (d) K.M. Seth

(b) Paris Diversity entered into force on 42. Van Mahotsav, the tree-planting
(c) Geneva [APPSC (RFO) 2018] festival was started in the year
(d) Stockholm (a) 29 December 1992 [MPPSC (ACF) 2014; BHU (M.Sc.)
33. The United Nations (b) 28 December 1993 Agroforestry Entrance examination –
(c) 29 December 1993 2018, Kerala (RFO) 2015, 2019; RPSC
Environmental Program (UNEP)
(ACF/RFO) 2018]
was launched in order to (d) 28 December 1992
(a) 1952
encourage United Nations 38. What is the main aim of the
(b) 1950
agencies to integrate United nations framework
(c) 1951
environmental measure into convention on climate change
(d) 1954
their programs in the year [MPSC (UNFCCC)? [RPSC – ACF/RFO (2018)
Environmental science] 43. In our country, the Van
(ACF) 2015]
(a) Stabilization of increasing Mahotsav Day is observed on
(a) 1990
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
(b) 1985 temperature
Examination – 2014, 2015]
(c) 1975 (b) Stabilization of
(a) 2nd October
(d) 1972 greenhouse gases
(b) 1st December
(c) Stabilization of sand dunes
34. Which one of the following (c) 10th August
(d) Stabilization of Thar desert
conferences is also known as (d) 1st July
expansion
“Earth summit”? [RPSC – ACF/RFO
39. The United Nations framework ► SOCIAL FORESTRY
(2018) Environmental science]
convention on climate change
(a) United Nations 44. Social forestry was first
(UNFCCC) is an international
Conference on coined/used by [BHU (M.Sc.)
environmental treaty entered
Environment and Agroforestry Entrance examination –
into force on [RPSC – ACF/RFO 2016, 2018; ICAR (JRF) 2018, ASRB
development
(2018) Forestry] (ARS/NET) 2014-15; RPSC (ACF/RFO)
(b) World commission on
(a) 21st March 1994 2018]
environmental
(b) 3-14 June 1992 (a) Westoby
degradation
(c) None of these (b) Shah
(c) United Nations conference
(d) 09th May 1992 (c) Brandis
on sustainable
40. The Kyoto protocol decided to (d) Nair
development
bring down the level of carbon 45. The term social forestry was
(d) United Nations
emission equivalent to the CO2 coined by Westoby in the IX
Conference on Human
emission at the year [ICAR (SRF) Commonwealth Forestry
environment
2019] Congress held at Delhi in the
35. The Earth Summit at Rio de
(a) 1980 year [MPSC – (ACF/RFO) 2016;
Janeiro was held in [Assam (ACF)
(b) 1990 Kerala (RFO) 2019]
2019]
(c) 2000 (a) 1964
(a) 1989
(d) 2005 (b) 1967
(b) 1990
(c) 1968
(c) 1991 ► VAN MAHOTSAV
(d) 1970
(d) 1992
41. Who started Van Mahotsav, a 46. The term social forestry was first
36. UN Convention on Biological festival of planting trees? [WII used in the year [TNPSC (ACF)
Diversity was held in the year (M.Sc.) Entrance 2007; ICAR (JRF) 2018]
[Karnataka PSC - ACF 2009; Kerala 2012, 2015, 2017; ASRB (ARS/NET)
(a) 1976
(RFO) 2019] 2014-15; Kerala (RFO) 2015; MPSC
(b) 1985
(a) 1992 (ACF/RFO) 2015; Assam (ACF) 2019;
(c) 1980
(b) 1994 RPSC (ACF/RFO) 2018]
(d) 1960
(c) 1996 (a) Jack Westby
(d) 1998 (b) K.M. Munshi ► FATHERS OF VARIOUS
(c) A.N. Chaturvedi BRANCHES OF FORESTRY

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 APPSC | 2022

47. Father of forestry or Indian [ICAR (JRF) 2017, Kerala (RFO) 2019; (a) Dehradun
forestry [WII (M.Sc.) entrance 2017; APPSC Forest Section officer 2020; (b) Delhi
BHU M.Sc. (Agroforestry) Entrance RPSC (ACF/RFO) 2018,
(c) Pune
examination - 2018] Environmental science]
(d) Mumbai
(a) D. Brandis (a) 2010
59. The academy for the training of
(b) Molish (b) 2011
IFS officers is named after [Assam
(c) Watson (c) 2012
(ACF) 2019]
(d) A.P. Dwivedi (d) 2013
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
53. Where is the Principal bench of
► MOEFCC & ITS SUB-ORDINATED (b) Indira Gandhi
the National Green Tribunal
(c) Rajiv Gandhi
BODIES
situated? [APPSC (RFO) 2018]
(d) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
48. The Indian Board of Wildlife (a) Pune
60. The headquarters of National
(IBWL) was set up/Constituted (b) Bhopal
Biodiversity Authority is at
by the Government of India in (c) New Delhi [Kerala (FRO) 2019]
the year [TN (ACF) 2012; TNPSC (d) Kolata (a) Hyderabad
Forest apprenticeship 2018; RPSC (b) Bangalore
► BSI & ZSI
(ACF/RFO) 2018]
(c) New Delhi
(a) 1950 54. The headquarters of the
(d) Chennai
(b) 1951 Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) is
61. National remote sensing Centre
(c) 1952 located at [MPSC (ACF/RFO) 2017]
(NRSC) is located at [RPSC
(d) 1962 (a) Delhi (ACF/RFO) 2018]
49. Which of the following body is (b) Mumbai (a) Bhopal
the apex advisory body in the (c) Banglore (b) Hyderabad
field of wildlife conservation in (d) Kolkata (c) Kolkata
India? [TN-forest Apprentice - 55. The regional centre of Botanical (d) Dehradun
2018] Survey of India situated at [RPSC
(a) WII – ACF/RFO (2018) Environmental ► ICFRE & ITS SUB-ORDINATE
(b) IBWL science] BODIES
(c) CITES (a) Jodhpur
62. Indian Council of Forestry
(d) CZA (b) Jaisalmer
Research and Education (ICFRE)
50. National board for wildlife come (c) Ajmer
was established in the year [BHU
in effect from [MPPSC (ACF) 2014] (d) Bikaner (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
(a) 22 September 2003 ► OTHER INSTITUTES examination – 2015, Karnataka –
(b) 21 September 2003 2015; ICAR - JRF 2016; Sikkim-PSC;
(c) 23 September 2003 56. Where is the Indian Institute of CGPSC (2019) Assistant professor]

(d) 24 September 2004 Forest Management (IIFM) (a) 1986

51. National board of wildlife is situated? [ICAR (JRF) 2012, 2016; (b) 1991
APPSC (RFO) 2018] (c) 1982
headed by the [TN (ACF) 2012; WII
M.Sc. entrance 2015; Assam (ACF)
(a) Bhopal (d) 1906
2019] (b) Mumbai 63. ICFRE is located at [ICAR (JRF)
(a) Prime minister of India (c) Kozhikode 2012; BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry
(b) Union minister of EF & CC (d) Indore Entrance examination – 2016, 2018]

(c) Secretary to Government of 57. Where is the Wildlife Institute of (a) New Delhi
India, MoEF&CC India situated? [APPSC (RFO) 2018; (b) Dehradun
(d) None of the above ICAR (SRF) 2019] (c) Jhansi
(a) Mussoorie (d) Ibadan
► NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL
(b) Haridwar 64. Forest research institute is
(NGT) (c) Bangalore located at [CGPSC – Assistant
52. National Green Tribunal Act was (d) Dehradun professor 2019]

established/enacted in the year 58. IGNFA at [ICAR (JRF) 2012] (a) Jodhpur

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 FORESTRY

(b) Jhansi (c) Jodhpur (b) Delhi

(c) Dehradun (d) Dehradun (c) Hisar
(d) New Delhi 70. The Institute of Forest Genetics (d) Jhansi
and Tree Breeding is located at 75. Indian Grassland and Fodder
65. Tropical Forest Research
[ICAR - JRF 2019] Research Institute located at
Institute is located at [MPPSC ACF
(a) Bengaluru [BHU M.Sc. Agroforestry Entrance
2011; CGPSC – Assistant professor
(b) Coimbatore examination - 2018]
2019]
(c) Jabalpur (a) Dehradun
(a) Jaipur
(d) Jhansi (b) Jodhpur
(b) Jodhpur
► BODIES UNDER ICAR (c) Jabalpur
(c) Jabalpur
FRAMEWORK (d) Jhansi
(d) Agra
66. The Institute came into 71. Indian Lac Research Institute is 76. Indian Institute of Soil Science is
existence in April 1988 at situated in [ICAR (JRF) 2016] located at [BHU (M.Sc.)
(a) Jhansi (UP) Agroforestry Entrance examination
Jabalpur to undertake the
research problems of the Forest (b) Ranchi 2014]
(c) Bihar (a) Karnal, Haryana
of Central India comprising the
States of Madhya Pradesh, (d) Maharashtra (b) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra (c) Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
The Indian Institute of Natural Resins
is_______ [MPSC (ACF) 2019] (d) New Delhi
and Gums, formerly known as the
(a) Bombay Natural History Indian Lac Research Institute, ► OTHER IMPORTANT
Society Namkum, Ranchi, Jharkhand INSTITUTIONS / BODIES
(b) National Environmental
72. Indian Institute of Natural Resins 77. BNHS Headquarters is located in
Engineering Research
and Gums (IINRG) is located at [TN (ACF) 2018]
Institute
[APPSC (FRO) 2018; ICAR - JRF 2019] (a) Mumbai
(c) Salim Ali Center for
(a) Guwahati (b) Chennai
Ornithology and Natural
(b) Ranchi (c) New Delhi
History
(c) Bhubaneswar (d) Dehradun
(d) Tropical forest Research
(d) Jabalpur 78. Expand SACON [TN (ACF) 2018]
Institute
73. Nation Research Center for (a) South Asian Council on
67. The Rain Forest Research
Agroforestry established in the Natural History
Institute is located at [Assam
year 1988 is located at [BHU (b) Southern Agency council
(ACF) 2019]
M.Sc. Agroforestry Entrance for Nature
(a) Shillong
examination 2015, 2017; MPSC (c) South Asian Centre for OaK
(b) Dehradun (ACF) 2018; TN (ACF) 2018]
and Neem
(c) Kolkata (a) Ranchi
(d) Salim Ali Centre for
(d) Jorhat (b) Jhansi
Ornithology and Natural
68. The Center for Forest (c) Dehradun
History
Productivity is located at [MPSC (d) Peechi
79. Where is the headquarters of
(ACF) 2019]
(a) Dehradun National Research Centre for the CSIR-National Environmental
(b) Jodhpur Agroforestry (NRCAF) was established Engineering Research Institute

(c) Jabalpur in the year 1988** at Jhansi. In Situated? [APPSC (FRO) 2018; Bihar
December 2014 NRCAF has been PSC (ACF) 2020]
(d) Ranchi
upgraded to ICAR-Central Agroforestry (a) Indore
69. Central Arid Zone Research
Research Institute (ICAR-CAFRI). (b) New Delhi
Institute (CAZRI) is located at
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
(c) Nagpur
74. CAFRI is located at [BHU (M.Sc.)
examination – 2016, 2018] (d) Chennai
Agroforestry Entrance examination -
(a) Jabalpur 2018]
(b) Jhansi (a) Dehradun

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 APPSC | 2022

80. Indian Institute of Plantation (d) UNESCO or World Agroforestry Centre is

Management is situated in [ICAR 86. What is the main activity during situated at [ASRB - ARS/NET 2014-
(JRF) 2016] the ‘earth hour celebration’? 15; ICAR (JRF) 2016; BHU (M.Sc.)
(a) Kerala [Assam (ACF) 2019] Agroforestry Entrance examination –
(b) Banglore (a) Plantation 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019;
APPSC (RFO) 2018]
(c) Tamil Nadu (b) Cleaning of surrounding
(a) Indonesia
(d) Haryana areas
(b) Pakistan
(c) Turning off the electrical
► INTERNATIONAL (c) China
lights from 8:30 pm to 9:30
ORGANIZATIONS (d) Nairobi
pm
81. International Union of Forest 92. The ICRAF was established
(d) None of the above
Research Organization (IUFRO) is during the year [ICAR (JRF) 2020]
located at [ICAR (JRF) 2012; RPSC – 87. United Nation’s Education, (a) 2001
ACF/RFO (2018) Forestry; Kerala Scientific, and Cultural (b) 1992
(RFO) 2019] Organization (UNESCO) (c) 1978
(a) Vienna, Austria established in [MPSC (ACF) 2018] (d) 1987
(b) Ghana (a) 1944
(c) Nairobi, Kenya 93. What is the full form of CITES?
(b) 1935
(d) China [APPSC (RFO) 2018; RPSC-ACF/RFO
(c) 1955
(2018) Environmental science]
82. World wide fund for nature (d) 1945
(a) Conservation of
(WWF) was conceived on 29 88. The Headquarters of International Trade in
April 1961 under the name International Union for Endangered Species of Wild
world Wildlife Fund and its Conservation of Nature and Fauna and Flora
office was opened on 11 Natural Resources (IUCN) is (b) Conservation on
September, 1961 in [MPSC (ACF) located in which of the following International Trade in
2017]
country ? [ICAR (JRF) 2016; MPSC Endangered Species of Wild
(a) Yokohama, Japan (ACF) 2019, RPSC – ACF/RFO (2018) Fauna and Flora
(b) Morges, Switzerland Environmental science] (c) Conservation on
(c) Manitoba, Canada (a) United State America International Trade in
(d) Rome, Italy (b) Morgis, Switzerland Extant Species of Wild
83. The Indian unit of WWF was (c) Philippines Fauna and Flora
established in ______ with its (d) Japan (d) Conservation of
headquarters in [MPSC (ACF) 89. WCU stands for [Sikkim PSC Sub- International Trade in
2016] Inspector 2018]
Extant Species of Wild
(a) 1967, Chennai (a) Wild conservation Unit
Fauna and Flora
(b) 1968, Delhi (b) Wild Conservation Unit
94. On 1st July 1975, CITES entered
(c) 1969, Mumbai (c) World Communication
into force and its secretariat is
(d) 1970, Kolkata Union
located at [RPSC – ACF/RFO (2018)
84. The symbol of WWF is [ICAR (JRF) (d) World Conservation Union Forestry]
2015] 90. International Tropical Timber (a) Geneva, Switzerland
(a) Giant panda Organization (ITTO) is located in (b) Arlington, Virginia, US
(b) Red panda [TN (ACF) 2014; ICAR (JRF) 2015;
(c) Nairobi, Kenya
(c) Elephant RPSC – ACF/RFO (2018) Forestry]
(d) Gland, Switzerland
(d) Hornbill (a) Indonesia
95. MIKE is a program of elephant
85. The WorldWide movement (b) Yokohama, Japan
conservation conceived by
Earth Hour is organization by (c) Thailand
[Kerala (RFO) 2019]
[Assam (ACF) 2019] (d) Malaysia
(a) MoEFCC
(a) IUCN
91. The International Centre for (b) WWF
(b) WWF
Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) (c) CITES
(c) WTI

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 FORESTRY

(d) IUCN examination – 2018; TNPSC Forest 107. The first forest policy of India is
96. The headquarter of the World Apprentice (2018) Wildlife biology; adopted in which year ? [CGPSC –
CGPSC (2019) Assistant professor] Assistant professor 2019]
Meteorological Organization
(a) 1972 (a) 1890
(WMO) is located at [ICAR (JRF)
2012; ICAR (SRF) 2019] (b) 2002 (b) 1894
(a) Paris (c) 1988 (c) 1927
(b) Geneva (d) 1980 (d) 1955
(c) London 103. An act is enacted to stop the 108. The First National Forest Policy
(d) New York transfer of forest lands to non- of Independent India was
97. Center for international forestry forest activities [RPSC – ACF/RFO formulated during the year [WII
(2018) Forestry] (M.Sc.) entrance 1999; Odisha-civil
research (CIFOR) is in [WII (M.Sc.)
entrance 2007] (a) Forest (Conservation) Act, (Pre) 2006, MPPSC ACF 2011; ICAR
(a) Nairobi, Kenya 1980 (JRF) 2012; Karnataka PSC (ACF)
(b) Wildlife (Protection) Act, 2011; ICAR (JRF) 2019]
(b) Vienna, Austria
1972 (a) 1948
(c) Bogor, Indonesia
(c) Biological Diversity Act, (b) 1952
(d) Ibadan, Nigeria
2002 (c) 1964
98. UNFCCC stands for United
(d) Indian Forest Act, 1972 (d) 1950
Nations Framework Convention
109. The last forest policy (The latest
on Climate Change [Karnataka 104. Wildlife Protection Act was
RFO 2012-13] forest policy) was formulated
formulated in the year [MPPSC
99. The IPCC was established in during the year [ICAR (JRF) 2016;
ACF 2011; ICAR (JRF) 2015; TNPSC
[ICAR (SRF) 2019] BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
(2018) Forest Apprentice
examination - 2018]
(a) 1980 examination; CGPSC – Assistant
(a) 1998
(b) 1985 professor 2019; RPSC – ACF/RFO
(2018) Forestry, Environmental (b) 1972
(c) 1988
science; Sikkim PSC Sub-Inspector (c) 1988
(d) 1990
2018; Assam (ACF) 2019] (d) 1952
► FOREST ACTS, POLICIES & (a) 1982 110. Emphasis on Forest Education
MISSIONS (b) 1972 was given for the first time in
100. First Indian Forest Act was (c) 1970 [TNPSC (ACF) 2014]

enacted in [MPPSC (ACF/RFO) (d) 1975 (a) Forest policy 1984

2014, ASRB (ARS/NET) 2014-15; BHU 105. Biodiversity act of India was (b) Indian Forest Act 1927
M.Sc. Agroforestry Entrance passed by the (c) National Forest Policy 1952
examination - 2016] parliament/enacted in the year (d) Forest Policy 1988
(a) 1875 ? [ICAR (JRF) 2012; RPSC – ACF/RFO 111. ……… % of forest area required
(b) 1865 (2018) Environmental science; to maintain the ecological
(c) 1927 TNPSC Forest apprentice 2018; balance of the country [MPPSC
(d) 1918 Assam - ACF 2019; ICAR (SRF) 2019] ACF 2011; ASRB - ARS/NET 2013-14;
101. Indian forest act was enacted in (a) 2002 BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance

the year [ICAR - JRF 2012; BHU (b) 1999 examination – 2018; CGPSC –
(c) 2014 Assistant professor 2019]
(M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
examination - 2017] (d) 2000 (a) 33 %
(a) 1947 106. Forest policy 1984 was (b) 43 %
(b) 1927 formulated based on the (c) 54 %
(c) 1980 recommendations given by [TNPSC (d) 56 %
(d) 1988 (ACF) 2014; MPSC (ACF) 2019] 112. The Policies and guidelines of
102. Forest Conservation Act was (a) Mc. Clelland the Joint Forest Management
enacted in the year [ICAR (JRF) (b) Dietrich Brandis [APPSC (RFO) 2018]

2016, 2019; Odisha-civil (Pre) 2011; (c) Voelcker (a) The National Forest Policy
BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance (d) None of the above of 1952

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 APPSC | 2022

(b) The National Forest Policy (RFO)2019; APPSC-Section officer (c) 1973
of 1988 2020] (d) 1906
(c) The Forest (Conservation) (a) 2000 124. Which of the following two
Act, 1972 (b) 2001 statements is correct? [MPSC
(d) The Biodiversity Act, 2002 (c) 2002 (ACF) 2016]
113. The Environmental (Protection) (d) 2003 1) Water (Prevention & Control
Act was enacted in [Assam - ACF 119. The first nation in the world that of Pollution) Act was passed
2013] adopted an agroforestry policy is in 1981
(a) 23rd June 1986 [BHU M.Sc. Agroforestry Entrance 2) Air (Prevention & Control of
examination - 2017]
(b) 19th December 1986 Pollution) Act was passed in
(a) India
(c) 19th November 1986 1974
(b) China
(d) 22nd April 1986 Answer Options
(c) Nigeria
114. Scheduled tribes and other
(d) Shri Lanka (a) Only 1
traditional forest dwellers
120. National Agroforestry policy was (b) Only 2
(Recognition of forest Right) act
Framed/adopted/launched/Impl (c) Both 1 & 2
was enacted/launched in the
emented/enacted in the year (d) Nether 1 nor 2
year [ICAR (SRF) 2019; Assam (ACF)
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
2019; APPSC Forest Section officer 125. The National Action Plan on
examination 2017, 2018; APPSC
2020] Climate Change (NAPCC) was
(RFO) 2018; TN – Forest
(a) 2002 launched/released on [ICAR (SRF)
apprenticeship 2018; Kerala FRO –
(b) 2004 2019; RPSC - ACF/RFO (2018)
2019; ICAR (JRF) 2019, 2020]
(c) 2006 Environmental science]
(a) 2012
(d) 2011 (a) June 30, 2008
(b) 2014
115. The Forest Rights Act provides (b) June 30, 2009
(c) 2016
to recognize rights over forest (c) June 30, 2010
(d) 2018
lands only to those who had (d) June 30, 2011
121. Environmental protection act
occupied land as on [Assam (ACF) 126. Green India Mission was
was passed by parliament/Come
2019] launched in the year [BHU (M.Sc.)
into effect in the year [ICAR (JRF)
(a) 15th August 2006 Agroforestry Entrance examination –
2012, ASRB - ARS/NET 2018; RPSC -
(b) 31st December 2006 2017; TNPSC (ACF) 2018]
ACF/RFO (2018) Environmental
(c) 13th December 2005 (a) 1995
science]
(d) None of the above (a) 1986 (b) 2000
116. Elephant Preservation Act was (c) 2005
(b) 1996
enacted in [TN - ACF 2014] (c) 2006 (d) 2010
(a) 1887 127. National Bamboo Mission was
(a) 1980
(b) 1927 122. The environmental protection initiated in the year [BHU (M.Sc.)
(c) 1972 Agroforestry Entrance examination -
act, 1986 was enacted under
2017]
(d) 1992 which article of the Indian
(a) 2000
117. National Ecotourism Policy and constitution? [Bihar PSC (ACF)
(b) 2002
Guidelines was enacted during 2020]
(c) 2004
[TN (ACF) 2018] (a) 250
(a) 2000 (d) 2006
(b) 251
(b) 1998 128. Hazardous waste (Management
(c) 252
(c) 1995 & handling) rules came into
(d) 253
existence in the year 1989
(d) 1990
123. Water (prevention and control [APPSC Forest section officer 2020]
118. The protection of plant varieties
of pollution) Act was enacted in
and farmers’ right act was ► WILDLIFE PROJECTS
the year [ICAR (SRF) 2019]
enacted by the parliament of
(a) 1974 129. Project Gir Lion was started in
India in [APPSC (RFO) 2018; Kerala
(b) 1975 the year [Kerala (FRO) 2019]

8 © Hornbill classes 07223970423 Hornbillclasses@gmail.com

 FORESTRY

(a) 1971 (d) Coimbatore 140. Which State in Indian has

(b) 1972 135. Forest Survey of India (FSI) is minimum forest area [BHU
(c) 1973 responsible for [MPSC - ACF 2019] (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
(d) 1974 1) Assessment of the forest examination - 2017]

130. When was the Project Tiger resources of Country (a) Haryana
launched/Implemented by the 2) Monitoring of the forest (b) Punjab
Government of India [MPPSC resources of Country (c) Jammu & Kashmir
(ACF) 2011; ICAR (JRF) 2012; TN 3) Providing Services of (d) Rajasthan
(ACF) 2014, 2018; BHU (M.Sc.) training, research, and ► FOREST COVER
Agroforestry Entrance examination –
extension
2016, 2017; Sikkim PSC Sub- 141. If a tree having land more than 1
4) Provide education in
Inspector 2018; Sikkim PSC Sub- hectare and tree crop density is
forestry
Inspector 2018; RPSC – ACF/RFO more than 10 %. Then it is
(2018) Environmental science] (a) 1 and 2 only
known as [ICAR (JRF) 2015]
(a) 1970 (b) 2 and 3 only
(a) Forest cover
(b) 1982 (c) 1,2 and 3
(b) Stand
(c) 1973 (d) 1,2,3, and 4
(c) Forest
(d) 1965 ► FOREST AREA (d) Tree cover
131. Elephants project was launched
136. India total recorded forest area 142. At the time of independence,
in the year [MPPSC ACF 2014; TN -
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance the forest cover of India was [WII
ACF 2014; RPSC – ACF/RFO (2018)
examination – 2017; ASRB (M.Sc.) entrance 2007]
Environmental science]
(ARS/NET) 2018] (a) 90%
(a) 1990
(a) 75 m. ha (b) 70%
(b) 1992
(b) 78 m. ha (c) 30%
(c) 1993
(c) 88 m. ha (d) 10%
(d) 1995
(d) 77 m. ha
132. The Indian Crocodile 143. According to ISFR (2019), what is
137. The total geographical area of
conservation project was the percentage of the total
India is [BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry
launched in [RPSC ACF/RFO (2018) forest cover in India ? [Odisha-
Entrance examination - 2018]
Environmental science] civil (Pre) 2011; Sikkim PSC Sub-
(a) 328.7 m. hac.
(a) 1979 Inspector 2018; APPSC (RFO) 2018]
(b) 127 m. hac. (a) 25.32 %
(b) 1970
(c) 327 m. hac.
(c) 1975 (b) 21.67 %
(d) 429 m. hac. (c) 23.17 %
(d) 1976
138. What is the proportion of (d) 24.78 %
► FOREST SURVEY OF INDIA recorded forests to the 144. State with maximum forest
geographical area of India ? cover in India [ICAR - SRF 2019]
133. Which of the following
[Assam - ACF 2019]
organizations undertakes the (a) Madhya Pradesh
(a) 33 %
assessment of forest cover in (b) Jharkhand
(b) 23.57 %
India? [Karnataka PSC 2011] (c) Uttarakhand
(c) 30.33 %
(a) ICFRE (d) Arunachal Pradesh
(d) None of the above
(b) FSI 145. The Maximum percentage of
139. The Indian State having the
(c) BSI forest cover in relation to the
highest forest area is [BHU (M.Sc.)
(d) MoEF total geographical area is in [BHU
Agroforestry Entrance examination –
134. Forest survey of India is located (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
2014, 2017; Sikkim PSC Sub-
at [ICAR (SRF) 2019; Assam (ACF) examination - 2017]
Inspector 2018]
2019] (a) Goa
(a) Bihar
(a) Dehradun (b) Assam
(b) Nagaland
(b) New Delhi (c) Kerala
(c) Karnataka
(c) Bhopal (d) Mizoram
(d) Madhya Pradesh

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 APPSC | 2022

146. Among the various Indian outside the forest in the country (a) 4
states/UTs, the maximum forest is what percent of the total (b) 8
cover, being 88.93 % of the geographical area ? [Odisha civil (c) 12
geographical area of the state is (Pre) 2006, ICAR (JRF) 2020] (d) 16
in [WII (M.Sc.) entrance examination (a) 21.38 155. …….has maximum area under
2017] (b) 24.56 forest cover [ASRB (ARS/NET)
(a) Meghalaya (c) 19.57 2014-15]
(b) Arunachal Pradesh (d) 28.20 (a) Russia
(c) Mizoram (b) USA
► GROWING STOCK
(d) Andaman & Nicobar Island (c) Brazil
147. As per the forest survey of India, 151. According to the forest survey of (d) Canada
an area is classified as India (2019), the growing stock 156. Name the country with highest
‘Moderately Dense forest’, when of wood in the country is [ICAR forest cover (%) [WII (M.Sc.)
the canopy density is found to (JRF) 2020] entrance 2007; ICAR (JRF) 2012]
be [Assam (ACF) 2019] (a) 55.96 m3 ha-1 (a) USA
(a) 50 – 70 % (b) 49.60 m3 ha-1 (b) Indonesia
(b) 40 – 60 % (c) 32.60 m3ha-1 (c) Japan
(c) 40 – 50 % (d) 106.52m3ha-1 (d) India
(d) 40 – 70 % ► CARBON STOCK 157. According to FAO (2015), the per
148. According to ISFR-2019, open capita forest cover of the world
152. As per the Indian state of forest
forest is [CGPSC – Assistant is [ICAR (JRF) 2020]
report (ISFR, 2019), the (a) 0.60ha
professor 2019]
(a) All the lands with tree estimated carbon stock of (b) 1.20 ha
India’s forest is (in Million tons)
canopy density of 40 (c) 1.00 ha
[ICAR (SRF) 2020]
percent and more but less (d) 0.80 ha
(a) 2220
than 70 percent
(b) 3242 ► FOREST TYPES IN INDIA
(b) All the lands with tree
(c) 5214 158. Champion & Seth have classified
canopy density of 70
(d) 7124 the forest of India into the
percent and above
► WORLD FOREST REPORT (FAO) following major group [BHU
(c) All the lands with tree
canopy density of 10 (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
STATE OF WORLD FOREST REPORT - examination – 2014, 2018; Odisha-
percent and more but less
2020 civil (Pre) 2011; MPPSC (ACF) 2014]
than 40 percent
Forests currently cover 30.8 percent (a) 6
(d) Forestlands with canopy
of the global land area (FAO, 2020). (b) 4
density less than 10
(c) 5
percent The total forest area is 4.06 billion
hectares, or approximately 0.5 ha per (d) 7
► TREE COVER (TOF) 159. According to champion and Seth
person (5000 m3), but forests are not
(1964), Indian forests are
149. The tree cover of the country is equally distributed around the globe.
divided into ……. forest types
estimated as …………… percent of
153. The country with [Odisha-civil (Pre) 2006, 2011;
the geographical area of the
maximum/higher forest area MPPSC (ACF) 2011, 2014; BHU
country [CGPSC – Assistant
[ICAR (JRF) 2012; TNPSC (ACF) 2018] (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
professor 2019]
(a) Brazil examination – 2014; WII (M.Sc.)
(a) 2.89 Entrance 2017; TN - ACF 2018]
(b) Russia
(b) 21.67 (a) 5
(c) Canada
(c) 24.56 (b) 16
(d) China
(d) 2.50 (c) 7
154. How many countries make up
150. As per the forest survey of India (d) 221
60% percent of the worlds forest
(2019) the forest and tree cover
area [ASRB (ARS/NET) 2018]

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 FORESTRY

160. Tropical forests have 166. World Forestry Day is celebrated decided as the world
differentiated into …… groups on [MPPSC (ACF) 2011; ASRB environment day ? [MPSC (ACF)
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance (ARS/NET) 2013-14; Sikkim PSC; 2016]
examination - 2014] Kerala (RFO) 2015; ASRB (ARS/NET) (a) Stockholm
(a) 9 2017; BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry (b) Rio
(b) 8 Entrance examination – 2018;
(c) Kyoto
CGPSC Assistant professor 2019;
(c) 7 (d) Montreal
Assam (ACF) 2019]
(d) 12 172. The theme of world
(a) 5th June
161. Which types of forest is found in environment day 2018 [Assam
(b) 23rd April
(ACF) 2019]
the maximum percentage in (c) 16th September
(a) Beat plastic pollution
India? [RPSC-ACF/RFO (2018) (d) 21st March
(b) Resource efficiency and
Environmental science] 167. World Water Day is celebrated
sustainable consumption
(a) Tropical thorn forest on [BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry
(b) Tropical moist deciduous and production
Entrance examination - 2018]
forest (c) Connecting people to
(a) May 22
(c) Tropical wet evergreen nature – in the city and on
(b) March 22
forest land, from people to
(c) June 05
(d) Sub-alpine & alpine forest equator
(d) May 11
(d) Think, Eat, Save
162. Most common forest type of 168. World Earth Day is celebrated
India is [ICAR JRF 2017] 173. United nation world population
every year on [Assam (ACF) 2013
day celebrated on [RPSC –
(a) Tropical evergreen forest Environmental science; BHU (M.Sc.)
ACF/RFO (2018) Environmental
(b) Tropical moist deciduous Agroforestry Entrance examination –
science]
forest 2018; APPSC-Section officer 2020;
ICAR (SRF) 2020] (a) 23rd December
(c) Tropical dry deciduous
(a) 5th April (b) 10th March
forest
(b) 22nd April (c) 21st May
(d) Tropical thorn forest
(c) 5th June (d) 11th July
163. Maximum forest area in India
(d) None of the above 174. World Ozone Day is celebrated
comes under [WII (M.Sc.) Entrance
169. World biodiversity day is on [Assam (ACF) 2013
Examination 2003, 2009]
Environmental science, ICAR (JRF)
(a) Tropical wet evergreen celebrated on [ICAR (SRF) 2019;
2020]
(b) Tropical moist deciduous Kerala (RFO) 2019; RPSC – ACF/RFO
(2018) Environmental science] (a) 11th September
(c) Tropical dry deciduous
(a) 5th June (b) 11th October
(d) Tropical dry evergreen
(b) 29th December (c) 16th September
164. Shola forest are [RPSC - ACF/RFO
(c) 15th July (d) 16th October
(2018) GS]
(d) 22nd May 175. Wildlife week celebrated on
(a) Wet temperate
[ICAR (JRF) 2015; RPSC – ACF/RFO
170. World environment day is
(b) Tropical moist (2018) Forestry, Environmental
(c) Alpine celebrated every year on [MPPSC
science; ICAR (SRF) 2020]
ACF 2011; Odisha-civil (Pre) 2011;
(d) Tidal (a) 2nd week of September
ICAR - JRF 2012, 2016; Assam (ACF)
► NATIONAL AND 2013 Environmental science; Kerala (b) 1st week of October

INTERNATIONAL DAYS (RFO) 2015; ASRB (ARS/NET) 2018; (c) 2nd week of October
RPSC – ACF/RFO (2018) (d) 1st week of September
165. The World Wetland Day is Environmental science] 176. World Soil Day is celebrated on
celebrated on [Assam - ACF 2019] (a) 1st December [APPSC (FRO) 2018; APPSC Forest
(a) 2nd February (b) 5 June Section officer 2020]
(b) 2nd April (c) 16 September (a) 5th December
(c) 2nd July (d) 26th November (b) 6th December
(d) 2nd October 171. In which of the following (c) 5th June
conference, 5th June was (d) 2nd October

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 APPSC | 2022

177. Habitat Day is celebrated on first (c) National Botanic Garden, 184. The lightest wood in the world is
Monday of October every year Lucknow, India [ICAR (JRF) 2011, ICAR (SRF) 2020]
[Karnataka PSC (RFO) 2007] (d) Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, (a) Erythrina
England, ( U.K) (b) Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber)
In 1985 the United Nations designated
(c) Ochroma pyramidale
the first Monday of October every ► SUPERLATIVES IN FORESTRY
(Balsa)
year as World Habitat Day. World
181. The tallest tree or longest living (d) Champaka
habitat day 2021 : 4 October
tree in the world is [MPPSC (ACF)
► STATE-SPECIFIC
178. The World Meteorological Day is 2011; ICAR (JRF) 2011, 2019; Sikkim
observed on [ICAR (SRF) 2019] PSC] 185. How many agro-climatic zones
(a) 23rd March (a) Tectona grandis are recognized in Rajasthan
(b) 23rd June (b) Platenous orientalis [RPSC – ACF/RFO (2018) Forestry]
(c) 23rd May (c) Sequia semipervirens (a) 15
(d) 23rd September (d) Pseudosuga taxifolia (b) 18
182. Which of the following plants is (c) 25
► GENERAL THINGS (d) 10
known as living fossil [ASRB
186. Which one of the following agro
179. India is divided into how many (ARS/NET) 2013-14; Assam (ACF)
2019]
climatic zones of India covers
bio-geographical regions [RPSC –
(a) Kayea assamica Rajasthan part [RPSC – ACF/RFO
ACF/RFO (2018) Environmental
(2018) Forestry]
science] (b) Ginkgo biloba
(a) 20 (a) West coast plains hills
(c) Magnolia griffithii
(b) 10 (b) Western dry region
(d) Nepenthes khasiana
(c) 5 (c) Trans gangetic plains
183. Ginkgo biloba is known as the
(d) 15 (d) Wetern plateau & hills
living fossil of the world because
180. The Greatest and famous 187. State Forest Research Institute,
it [ICAR (JRF) 2011, 2019]
herbarium in the world is [MPSC Madhya Pradesh is situated at
(a) Is extinct
[MPPSC (ACF/RFO) 2011]
(ACF) 2016] (b) Has fossilized
(a) Gray herbarium Cambridge, (a) Bhopal
(c) Has survived the changes
USA (b) Jabalpur
on earth for millions of
(b) National History Museum, (c) Gwalior
years
Chicago, Austria (d) Indore
(d) Can be used as a fossil fuel

Chapter 2 | FOREST, FORESTRY AND SILVICULTURE

► FOREST (c) Forees vegetation usually with a close

(d) Foris canopy according to [Karnataka
188. Foris is a [ICAR (JRF) 2011, 2012,
190. The word forest is derived (ACF) 2009]
2016; BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry
from the Latin word Foris (a) Legal definition
entrance examination 2014, 2018]
meaning [BHU (M.Sc.) (b) General definition
(a) Greek word
(b) Latin word Agroforestry entrance examination (c) Ecological definition

(c) English word

2017, Karnataka (RFO) 2008] (d) Dictionary
(a) Fire wood 192. An area set aside for the
(d) Sanskrit word
(b) Wood production of timber and other
189. The term forest is derived from
(c) Timber forest product is [BHU (M.Sc.)
a Latin word [TN (ACF) 2018;
(d) Outside Agroforestry entrance examination
BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
examination 2014, 2018] 191. Forest is defined as a plant 2018]

(a) Fores community comprising mainly (a) forestry

(b) Floris of trees and associated woody (b) forest

12 © Hornbill classes 07223970423 Hornbillclasses@gmail.com

 FORESTRY

(c) Agroforestry 2013-14; BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry (a) Even age forest
(d) Farm forestry entrance examination 2018] (b) Pure forest
193. Forests means [Sikkim PSC Sub- (a) Forest grows at high (c) Principle forest
Inspector 2018] altitude (d) Stand
(a) To society of American (b) Regeneration is by seeds 204. Pure forests are composed of
forests (SAF) is an eco- (c) Regeneration is by almost entirely of one species
system characterized by a coppice usually to extent of not less
more or less dense and (d) The forest trees are very than [BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry
extensive tree cover tall entrance examination 2014, 2016]
(b) A plant community with 198. A forest that is regenerated (a) 80 per cent
predominance of trees from seed is called a [Kerala (b) 75 per cent
and other woody (RFO) 2015; ICAR (JRF) 2019] (c) 55 per cent
vegetation growing more (a) Normal forest (d) 50 per cent
or less closely together (b) Natural forest 205. A mixed stand is one in which
(c) Bothe a & b (c) High forest less than ………. % of the tree
(d) None of these (d) Regular forest are same species [BHU (M.Sc.)
199. Based on method of Agroforestry entrance examination
► FOREST CLASSIFICATION
regeneration forests are 2018]
194. In case of natural uneven aged classified as [BHU (M.Sc.) (a) 80
forests difference up to Agroforestry entrance examination (b) 60
……………% of the rotation is 2018] (c) 50
usually allowed where forest is (a) Even-aged and uneven- (d) 20-30
not harvested for 100 or more aged 206. A forest composed of 1120
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry (b) Regular and irregular trees of teak out of total 1250
entrance examination 2014] (c) High and coppice trees is called as [ICAR (SRF)
(a) 20 (d) Pure and mixed 2019]
(b) 30 200. The natural forest (a) Pure forest
(c) 25 uninfluenced by human (b) Mixed forest
(d) 35 activity which or may not be a (c) Savanna forest
195. In high forest the regeneration climax forest is known as [BHU (d) High forest
is obtained by [Odisha Civil (Pre) (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance 207. A species of inferior quality or
2011; BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry examination 2018]
size of relatively little
entrance examination 2014] (a) Product forest
silvicultural value or
(a) Cutting (b) Virgin forest importance associated with the
(b) Grafting (c) Evergreen forest principal species is known as
(c) Seeds (d) Climax forest [TN Forest Apprentice 2018;
(d) Budding 201. Forest crops are known as APPSC Section officer 2020]
196. What is a low forest? [Odisha [Sikkim PSC Sub-inspector 2018] (a) Principle species
Civil (Pre) 2006] (a) Nurse (b) Accessory species
(a) Regenerated from seed (b) Main (c) Auxiliary species
sown artificially (c) Subsidiary (d) Dominant species
(b) Regenerated from (d) All of the above 208. ………………………… is species
advance growth 202. Pure forests and mixed forests first in Importance in a mixed
(c) Regenerated from coppice are classification of forests stand either by frequency,
shoots based on [Kerala (RFO) 2019] volume or silvicultural value,
(d) Regenerated from self- (a) Growing stock or the species to which the
sown seeds (b) Species composition silviculture of a mixed forest is
197. High forest is a forest where (c) Age primarily directed. [Kerala
[WII M.Sc. entrance (Forestry) (d) Objects of management (RFO) 2015]
1999; MPPSC (ACF) 2011; ICAR 203. If 80% trees of a forest are (a) Accessory species
(JRF) 2012; ICAR (ASRB/NET) same, then it known as [ICAR (b) Principal species
(JRF) 2015] (c) Auxiliary species

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 APPSC | 2022

(d) Both (a) & (b) 215. A normal forest can be (c) Champion and Seth
209. The community forest is described as [ICAR (JRF) 2019] (d) Peterson
classified based on [TN Forest (a) Forest having all the 221. Which of the these most
Apprentice 2018] species of trees & shrubs important factor in the
(a) Age (b) Forest which gives annual classification of forests? [Odisha
(b) Regeneration or periodical yield equal Civil (Pre) 2006; ASRB (NET)
(c) Ownership to the increment without 2013-14]
(d) Legal endangering future yield (a) Physiographic
210. An area so constituted under (c) Forest which grows in the (b) Biotic
the Indian Forest Act or other normal forest land (c) Climatic
forest law is called [MPPSC (d) Forest which has tall trees (d) Edaphic
(ACF) 2011] with straight stem 222. Champion & Seth have
(a) Regular Forest 216. Statement I : Virgin forest in classified the forest of India
(b) Protection Forest not normal into the following major group
(c) Reserved Forest Statement II : normal forest is [Odisha Civil (Pre) 2011; MPPSC
(d) Panchayat Forest (ACF) 2014; BHU (M.Sc.)
a man-made plantation [ ICAR
Agroforestry Entrance
211. An area constituted under the (ASRB/NET) – 2018]
examination 2014, 2018; APPSC
Indian forest act is known as (a) Both statement true
Section officer 2020]
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry (b) Both are incorrect (a) 6
entrance examination 2018]
(c) Only I is true
(b) 4
(a) Production forest (d) Only II is true
(c) 5
(b) Reserved forest
► FOREST TYPES IN INDIA (d) 7
(c) Protection forest
(d) Village forest 223. According to champion and
217. Indian forests are classified
Seth (1964), Indian forests are
212. …………… is a forest type into forest types based
divided into ……. forest types
classified based on the growing on……………classification [BHU
[Odisha Civil (Pre) 2006, 2011;
stock [TN (ACF) 2014] (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
MPPSC (ACF) 2011, 2014; BHU
(a) High forest examination 2016]
(M.Sc.) Agroforestry Entrance
(b) Pure forest (a) Mayr examination 2014; WII (M.Sc.)
(c) Normal forest (b) Koppen Entrance 2017; TN (ACF) 2018;
(d) Production forest (c) Seth and khan ICAR (SRF) 2020]
213. The sum by number or volume (d) Champion and Seth (a) 5
of all trees growing in the 218. Revised classification of forest (b) 16
forests in a specified part of it is types of India is given by (c) 7
known as [TN (ACF) 2018; Sikkim [Odisha Civil (Pre) 2006] (d) 221
PSC] (a) Champion and Seth 224. How many major types of
(a) Stand yield (b) Brandis forests are found in India?
(b) Stand volume (c) Butt-Davy [BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry
(c) Growing stock (d) Swain and Gaussen entrance examination 2017]
(d) Sustainable yield 219. Champion and Seth classified (a) 10
214. A forest which for a given sit or Indian forest on the basis of (b) 12
given object of management is [ICAR (JRF) 2017] (c) 14
ideally constituted as regard (a) Ecological classification (d) 16
growing stock age-class (b) Edaphic classification 225. According to champion and
distribution and the increment (c) Topographic classification Seth (1968) there are _____
is called (d) Climate classification major groups and _______ type
(a) Continuous forest 220. Ecosystem based classification groups of forest types in India.
(b) Uniform forest was suggested by [MPPSC (ACF) The numbers which correctly
(c) Abnormal forest 2011; Odisha Civil (Pre) 2011; TN fill the blanks are respectively
(ACF) 2014] [Karnataka (ACF/RFO) 2011]
(d) Normal forest
(a) Thornthwaite (a) 5, 16
(b) Seth and Khan (b) 6, 16

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 FORESTRY

(c) 16, 6 area using best techniques of (c) Conserving and managing
(d) 16, 5 Silviculture and management forest
226. According to Champion & Seth is called [BHU (M.Sc.) (d) Study of trees in relation
classification of forests in Agroforestry entrance examination to environment
India, which of the following in 2019] 237. Silviculture is the art and
NOT a major group of forests? (a) Intensive forestry science of [Odisha Civil (Pre)
[ICAR (JRF) 2019] (b) Commercial forestry 2011]
(a) Alpine scrub (c) Extensive forestry (a) Growing grasses and
(b) Mangrove forests (d) Industrial forestry legumes
(c) Tropical forests 232. The practice of forestry with (b) Ornamental plants
(d) Montane sub-tropical the object of producing wood (c) Growing trees
forests and other forest products as a (d) Culturing honey bees
227. Tropical forests have business enterprise is known 238. Silviculture originated in
differentiated into _____ groups as [MPPSC (ACF) 2014] which continent? [APPSC (RFO)
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry (a) Protection forestry 2018]
Entrance examination 2014; (b) Social forestry (a) Asia
APPSC Section officer 2020] (c) Production forestry (b) Europe
(a) 9 (d) Agro-forestry (c) North America
(b) 8 233. The producer and produce (d) South America
(c) 7 (Principal and interest) are not 239. The art of growing and
(d) 12 separate in case of [RPSC ACF/ reproducing a forest is known
228. ……………means the species RFO (2018) Forestry] as [Odisha Civil (Pre) 2006; BHU
composition in the forest (a) Agriculture (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
which is considered useful for (b) Industries examination 2016]
determination of minor types (c) None of these (a) Silviculture
and units within a forest type (d) Forestry (b) Mensuration
[MPSC (ACF) 2019] 234. The establishment of tree crop (c) Ecology
(a) Silviculture on an area from which it has (d) Ecosystem
(b) Function been always or very long been 240. The art of growing and
(c) floristics absent is termed as [BHU (M.Sc.) reproducing a forest [BHU
(d) dynamics Agroforestry entrance examination (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
2019] examination 2018]
► FORESTRY
(a) Reforestation (a) Forestry
229. Which practice highly controls (b) Afforestation (b) Silvics
run-off and soil erosion? [TN (c) Forestation (c) Ecology
(ACF) 2012] (d) Social from (d) Dendrology
(a) Agriculture 235. The practices of forestry on 241. The study of life history and
(b) Horticulture farm land is called ……… [BHU general characteristics of
(c) Forestry (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance forest trees and crops with
(d) All of these examination 2018] particular reference to
230. The practice of forestry with (a) Social forestry environment is called
the object of obtaining (b) Urban forestry [Karnataka (RFO) 2012-13; BHU
maximum gain per unit area is (c) Agro-forestry (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
called [CGPSC Assistant Professor (d) Farm forestry examination 2016]
2019] (a) Silviculture
► SILVICULTURE (b) Silvics
(a) Mixed forestry
(b) Multiply-use forestry 236. Silviculture is defined as (c) Agronomy
(c) Intensive forestry [MPPSC (ACF) 2011] (d) Ecology
(d) Uniforestry law (a) Study of life history of 242. The word silva means [BHU
231. The practice of forestry so as trees (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance

to obtain a high level of volume (b) Science and art of examination 2017]

and quality outturn per unit cultivating forest crops (a) Collection of fuel wood

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 APPSC | 2022

(b) The assemblage of trees in ► ROLE OF FOREST (a) Productive

a region (b) Protective
246. At present, forests in
(c) Afforestation (c) Bothe a & b
Karnataka are primarily
(d) Expansion of field crop (d) None of these
managed for [Karnataka PSC
area 251. The forests are [BHU (M.Sc.)
(ACF/RFO) 2011]
243. Application of silvical (a) Ecological services
Agroforestry Entrance Examin-
knowledge in management of a ation 2017]
(b) Ecotourism
forest stand is called [BHU (a) Inexhaustible resources
(c) Removing poverty
(M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance (b) Renewable resources
(d) Supply of timber to
examination 2019] (c) Non-renewable resources
industries
(a) Forestry (d) None of these
247. Which one is intangible benefit
(b) Forest management 252. Which of the following is NOT
of the forest [MPPSC (ACF) 2014]
(c) Silviculture a provisioning service obtained
(a) Timber
(d) Forest ecology from forests? [APPSC (RFO)
(b) Essential oil
244. Silvics is defined as [ICAR (JRF) 2018]
(c) Resins and drugs
2011, 2012, 2017] (a) Fuel wood
(d) Ecological stability
(a) The study of life history of (b) Nutrient cycling
248. Which of the following is
plant with reference to (c) Fiber
NTFP? [ICAR (JRF) 2015]
particular environment (d) Food
(b) The study of life history of (a) Bamboo 253. Sacred forests are mostly
(b) Timber
plant useful in [ICAR (ASRB/NET)
(c) Oxygen
(c) The study of life history of 2018]
(d) All (a) Higher aesthetic value
plant and general
249. Trees play an important role in (b) Conservation of
characteristics of plant
[Sikkim PSC Sub-Inspector 2018]
with reference to germplasm
(a) Supply clean air
particular environment (c) Conservation of nutrients
(b) They absorb carbon-
(d) All (d) None of these
dioxide from the
245. Silviculture is not defined as 254. Gompa forest area of
atmosphere and release
[ICAR (JRF) 2017] Arunachal Pradesh is [ICAR
oxygen
(a) Applied ecology (ASRB/NET) 2018]
(c) Both a & b (a) Sacred grove
(b) Application of silvics
(d) None of these (b) Natural forest
(c) Deals with establishment,
250. The important roles played by (c) Planted forest
development of tree
(d) Arts and science of the forests are [Sikkim PSC Sub- (d) All of these
Inspector 2018]
cultivating trees

Chapter 3 | LOCALITY FACTORS

255. Tree height is an indicator of 257. Which on the following is the (c) Vegetative characteristics
[Odisha Civil (Pre) 2011] most important criteria for (d) Tree characteristic
(a) Site determining the site quality of 259. Definition of productivity is
(b) Species an area……………top height of [WII (M.Sc.) Entrance Examination
(c) Rainfall the crop [APPSC (Section officer) 2003]
(d) All of the above 2020] (a) Biomass produced in one
256. Tree height is related to [TN 258. A measure of the relative ha
(ACF) 2014] productive capacity of a site (b) Biomass produced in one
(a) Site quality for a particular species is [ICAR acre
(b) Volume (JRF) 2019] (c) Biomass produced in one
(c) Number of trees (a) Site factor ha per year
(d) Age of the tree (b) Site quality

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 FORESTRY

(d) Biomass produced after (c) Height of dominant trees (b) It gives the best estimate
one ratoon in a mature crop of basal area per ha
260. In forestry, site index for (d) Important valued index of (c) It represents the height of
measuring for site quality is the mature crop dominant trees which is
primarily determined on the 261. Site index Is the best indicator independent of density
basic of of site quality because [ICAR (d) It is applicable for
(a) Girth of dominant trees in (SRF) 2020] different species
a mature crop (a) It represents the actual
(b) Basal area of dominant volume of trees in the
trees in a mature crop stand

Chapter 4 | CLIMATIC FACTORS

262. Rainfall, temperature, lights, 266. Which gas in the atmosphere (c) Ultraviolet radiation
wind, and humidity are [MPPSC absorb UV rays [ICAR (ASRB/NET) (d) Visible radiation
(ACF) 2011] 2014-15] 271. It is universally accepted that
(a) Climate factors (a) CH4 the ozone layer in the
(b) Edaphic factors (b) H2 stratosphere protects us from
(c) Biotic factors (c) O3 [TN (ACF) 2018]
(d) Topographic factors (d) He (a) The harmful UV radiation
263. The accumulation of daily and 267. Ozone in atmosphere selectively (b) The harmful IR radiation
seasonal events over a long absorbs incoming [BHU (M.Sc.) (c) The harmful α radiation
period of time is called [BHU Agroforestry entrance examination (d) The harmful β radiation
(M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance 2019] 272. An object that absorbs all of the
examination 2019] (a) Ultraviolet radiation incident radiation is referred to
(a) Climate (b) Visible radiation as [BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry
(b) Weather (c) Infrared radiation entrance examination 2019]
(c) Climate optimum (d) Terrestrial radiation (a) Imperfect body
(d) Climate change 268. The amount of visible radiation (b) White body
received on surface of earth as a (c) Refractory body
► TERMINOLOGY RELATED WITH
proportion of total solar (d) Black body
SOLAR RADIATION
radiation is about [ICAR (JRF) 273. Most of the incident net
264. The surface that will have 2019] radiation is utilized for [BHU
highest albedo is [BHU (M.Sc.) (a) 40% (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
Agroforestry entrance examination (b) 20% examination 2019]
2019; ICAR (SRF) 2020] (c) 60% (a) Photosynthesis
(a) Forest canopy (d) 80% (b) Sensible heat loss
(b) Bare soil 269. Which gas in atmosphere (c) Ground & foliage storage
(c) Clouds absorbing infrared radiations (d) Latent heat in ET
(d) Fresh snow [ICAR (JRF) 2017] 274. What is the percentage of
265. Albedo value refers to [Assam (a) N2 photosynthetically active
(ACF) 2013] (b) CO2 radiation (PAR) in the incident
(a) Turbidity of solar radiations (c) CH4 solar radiation ? [MPSC (ACF)
(b) Percentage of solar (d) SO2 2018]
absorption 270. The emission from the earth (a) 100%
(c) Percentage of reflected surface is often called [BHU (b) Less than 50%
light by a surface (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance (c) Up to 1-5%
(d) Amount of light absorbed examination 2019] (d) Up to 2-10%
by forests (a) Shortwave radiation
(b) Infrared radiation

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 APPSC | 2022

275. The portion of solar radiation 281. An example of light demander is normal development [RPSC ACF/
which reaches the earth’s [WII M.Sc. entrance (Forestry) 2007] RFO (2018) Forestry].
surface and is utilized by plants (a) Pinus roxburghii (a) Shorea robusta
for the process of (b) Xylia xylocarpa (b) Mesua ferrea
photosynthesis is of what (c) Toona ciliata (c) Adina cordifolia
wavelength? [MPSC (ACF) 2016] (d) Abies pindrow (d) Populus ciliate
(a) 0.12 to 0.30 microns 282. The light demander is [ ICAR 289. In tropical moist deciduous
(b) 33 to 45 cm (ASRB/NET) 2017] forest which is a shade
(c) 0.40 to 0.71 microns (a) Teak demanding species? [Odisha Civil
(d) None of the above (b) Sissoo (Pre) 2006]
(c) Red sander (a) Bombax ceiba
► IMPORTANCE OF SOLAR
(d) All of the above (b) Toona ciliate
RADIATION
283. Pick out the light demanding tree (c) Dalbergia latifolia
276. Day length or …………. Influence’s species [TN (ACF) 2014] (d) Syzygium cumini
diameter growth in trees [BHU (a) Dalbergia latifolia 290. Tropical moist deciduous light
(M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance (b) Tectona grandis demander tree species is [MPPSC
examination 2016, 2018] (c) Syzygium cumini (ACF) 2011]
(a) Photoperiod (d) Abies pindrow (a) Populus ciliata
(b) Photorespiration 284. The shade loving plants are (b) Shorea robusta
(c) Photosynthesis called as [ ICAR (SRF) 2019] (c) Toona ciliata
(d) Photochemical (a) Xerophytes (d) Syzygium cumini
277. Etiolation of plants in (b) Heliophytes 291. Azadirachta indica that is Neem
greenhouse can be avoided by (c) Bryophytes is [Karnataka PSC (ACF/RFO) 2011]
managing [APPSC (RFO) 2018] (d) Sciophytes (a) Light demander
(a) Humidity 285. Which among the following (b) Drought resistant
(b) Temperature trees can be classified as a shade (c) Evergreen tree
(c) Light bearer of tropical wet evergreen (d) All of the above
(d) Micronutrients forests? [ICAR (JRF) 2019] 292. The rate with which radiation
278. Etiolation is caused in plants (a) Callophyllum enophyllum penetration in canopy
because of [Odisha Civil (Pre) 2006] (b) Mesua ferrea diminishes as an exponential
(a) Excess light (c) Xylia xylocarpa function of leaf area is explained
(b) Moderate light (d) Artocarpus heterophyllus by [ICAR (SRF) 2019]
(c) Lesser light 286. Taxus baccata is the best (a) Stafan Boltzmann law
(d) No light example for [Sikkim PSC - 2] (b) Kirchhoff’s law
279. What type of color develop (a) Light demander (c) Wein’s displacement law
when leaves are about to fall (b) Shade demander (d) Beer’s law
[MPPSC (ACF) 2014] (c) Shade bearer ► TEMPERATURE
(a) Green (d) Both (a) and (c)
(b) Red 287. The shade demander of a 293. How many temperature zones
(c) Yellow tropical wet evergreen forest [TN have been recognized in India ?
(d) black [Odisha Civil (Pre) 2006]
(ACF) 2014]
280. The rapid diameter increments (a) Diterocarpus indicus (a) 4
of trees due to light stimulus (b) Calophyllum inophyllum (b) 6
following increment fellings is (c) Artocarpus hirsutus (c) 8
known as light increment [APPSC (d) Mesua ferrea (d) 5
(Section officer) 2020] 288. Identify a species which requires 294. The mean annual temperature

some degree of shade during its of montane subtropical zone is

► BEHAVIOR OF TREES TOWARD
[TN (ACF) 2014]
LIGHT early stages of growth for its
(a) 10oC to 17oC

18 © Hornbill classes 07223970423 Hornbillclasses@gmail.com

 FORESTRY

(b) 17oC to 24oC (a) Soil (c) Saturated adiabatic lapse

(c) >24oC (b) Water rate
(d) <10oC (c) Crops (d) Unsaturated adiabatic lapse
295. Mean annual temperature of (d) Air rate
Tropical zone is [MPPSC (ACF) 306. Accumulation of organic matter
► IMPORTANCE OF TEMPERATURE
2014] in the forest is more in [MPPSC
(a) Under 70 C 301. The main factor in the (ACF) 2011]
(b) 170 C distribution of species is (a) Temperature forest
(c) 180 C to 240 C the……………in a particular region (b) Tropical forest
(d) Above 240 C [MPSC (ACF) 2016] (c) Alpine forest
296. On the basic of mean annual and (a) Soil type (d) Coastal forest
mean January temperature and (b) Amount of rainfall 307. An area in which frosts are more
occurrence of frost and snow. (c) Soil, temperature and frequent and more intense than
Following temperature zone altitude in the district generally is called
have been recognized [MPPSC (d) Soil, temperature and [TN (ACF) 2014]
(ACF) 2014] rainfall (a) Frost hole
(a) Tropical, subtropical, 302. The point at which (b) Frost pocket
temperature & alpine photosynthesis and respiration (c) Frost locality
(b) Moist tropical, dry tropical, are in equilibrium is known as [ (d) All of these
subtropical & temperature ICAR (SRF) 2019] 308. Frost produced by cold air
(c) Subtropical, sub montane, (a) Photo respiration brought from elsewhere is called
sub temperature & alpine (b) Light compensation pint [TN (ACF) 2014]
(d) Arid zone (c) Light saturation pint (a) Radiation frost
297. Gradual increase in temperature (d) Dark respiration (b) Frost pocket
[ICAR (ASRB/NET) 2018] 303. Name the law which explains (c) Pool frost
(a) Climate change the effect of various abiotic (d) Advective frost
(b) Global warming factors on growth and 309. The types of frost are [TN (ACF)
(c) Climate variability development of plants [MPSC 2018]
(d) All the above (ACF) 2018] (i) Radiation frost
298. Horizontal transfer of heat, mass (a) Liebig’s law of minimum (ii) Red frost
& momentum is called as [ICAR (b) Medal’s law (iii) Advective frost
(SRF) 2019] (c) Shelford’s law of tolerance (iv) Condense frost
(a) Conduction (d) Principles of site law (a) (i) (ii) (iii)
(b) Advection (b) (ii) (iii) (iv)
► EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
(c) Radiation (c) (iii) (iv)
(d) Convection 304. Lifting of seedlings above their (d) (iv), (i), (ii)
299. Adiabatic cooling is due to [Odisha normal soil level as a result of 310. At given pressure and water
Civil (Pre) 2011] the expansion of the soil mass vapor content the temperature
(a) Decrease in atmospheric following freezing of the soil to which air must be cooled for
pressure with elevation water is called Soil lifting or saturation to occur is called [BHU
(b) Air molecules become Frost heaving [Karnataka (RFO)- (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
more tightly packed as air 2012-13] examination 2019]
ascends 305. Which of the following (a) Equilibrium temperature
(c) Descent of moisture laden contribute to confine smoke and (b) Frost temperature
air masses impurities to the lower level and (c) Dew-point temperature
(d) An increase in sensible heat decrease visibility? [ICAR (SRF) (d) Absolute temperature
2019] 311. The climate variables having
300. Advection energy during the
oasis effect is drawn from [ICAR (a) Dry adiabatic lapse rate negative correlation with each
(SRF) 2019] (b) Inversion other are [BHU (M.Sc.)

© Hornbill classes 07223970423 Hornbillclasses@gmail.com 19

 APPSC | 2022
Agroforestry entrance examination (d) Drought (iv) Shorea (a) North-East
2019] tender robusta (b) North-West
(a) ET and Temperature (c) South-East
(b) Rain and cloud cover 317. A frost tender tree is [Odisha Civil
(d) South-west
(Pre) 2006]
(c) Humidity and temperature 324. Most destructive form of
(a) Acacia catechu
(d) ET and cloud cover precipitation is [ICAR (SRF) 2020]
(b) Pinus roxburghii
312. Pool frost commonly occurs in (a) Rain
(c) Azadirachta indica
[ICAR (JRF) 2011; ICAR (ASRB/NET)
(b) Rime
2013-14] (d) Toona ciliata
(c) Snow
(a) Plain area 318. Which of the following tree
(d) Hail
(b) Hilly area species is frost hardy? [Odisha
Civil (Pre) 2006]
325. Mango shower is a term used
(c) Slope
(a) Adina cordifolia for [ICAR (SRF) 2019]
(d) Undulating surface
(b) Acacia catechu (a) Post monsoon rainfall
313. Mulching helps in [ICAR (SRF)
(c) Gmelina arborea (b) Rains due to western
2020]
(d) Tectona grandis disturbance
(a) Increasing soil fertility
319. An example of a frost tender (c) Monsoon rainfall
(b) Conserving soil moisture
species is ______ [WII M.Sc. (d) Pre-monsoon rainfall
(c) Improving soil structure
entrance (Forestry) 2011] 326. Monsoon rainfall in Kerala is an
(d) Weed control
(a) Acacia catechu example for [Kerala (RFO) 2019]
314. Type of mulch suitable for
(b) Anogeissus pendula (a) Convectional rain
regulating temperature and
(c) Terminalia tomentosa (b) Cyclonic rain
moisture of soil during both
(d) Toona ciliata (c) Frontal rain
summer & winter is [ ICAR (SRF)
320. Which among the following can (d) Orographic rain
2019]
be classified as frost hardy [ICAR 327. Is a form of precipitation with
(a) Light colored materials
(JRF) 2019] fine droplets of less than 0.05
(b) Dark colored materials
(a) Dalbergia sissoo cm in diameter [Kerala (RFO)
(c) Straw mulch materials
(b) Adina cordifolia 2019]
(d) Any plastic match material
(c) Tectona grandis (a) Snow
315. Mulching around base of plant
(d) Boswellia serrata (b) Drizzle
seedlings are done to [Tripura PSC-
(c) Sleet
ACF 2013] ► MOISTURE
(d) Hail
(a) Conserve soil moisture and
321. What is the average annual 328. Which type of rainfall is more
check weed growth
precipitation on earth? [APPSC likely to cause runoff and soil
(b) Make base of the plant
(RFO) 2018; ICAR (SRF) 2020] erosion? [Karnataka 2015]
clean for aesthetic beauty
(a) 1200 mm (a) High intensity, short
(c) Remove weed growth from
(b) 11000 mm duration
base of the plant for its
(c) 1000 mm (b) High intensity, long
proper growth
(d) 1500 mm duration
(d) Generate more man-days
322. What is the average rainfall of (c) Low intensity, long duration
for the forest laborers .
India? [ICAR (SRF) 2019] (d) Low intensity, short
316. Match the following [ICAR (SRF)
(a) 110 cm duration
2019]
(b) 200 cm 329. The excess of precipitation that
I II (c) 310 cm does not evaporate or infiltrate
(a) Frost (i) Acacia (d) 400 cm is [Assam (ACF) 2013]
hardy catechu 323. Which one type of the monsoon (a) Evapotranspiration
(b) Frost (ii) Azadirach is India is responsible for most of (b) Runoff
tender ta indica the rainfall? [BHU (M.Sc.) (c) Wetlands
(c) Drought (iii)Hardwickia Agroforestry entrance examination (d) None of the above
hardy binata 2016]

20 © Hornbill classes 07223970423 Hornbillclasses@gmail.com

 FORESTRY

330. The ratio of the amount of water (b) Number of stomata (c) Gmelina arborea
vapors in air as a percent of that (c) Thickness of cutin (d) Pterocarpus marsupium
can be held to saturate air at (d) Resistance of protoplasm to 344. Shorea robusta is [BHU (M.Sc.)
same temperature is called [BHU dehydration Agroforestry entrance examination
(M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance 337. The tree species having 2016, 2018]
examination 2019] xerophytic characteristics are (a) Susceptible to drought
(a) Saturation vapor pressure suitable for [TN (ACF) 2012] (b) Drought hardy
(b) Relative humidity (a) Humid Bengal-Assam Basin (c) Moderately drought hardy
(c) Specific humidity (b) Arid zones (d) Susceptible to frost
(d) Absolute humidity (c) Subhumid areas 345. Identify the drought sensitive
331. As a component humidity (d) Humid to semi-arid areas sprout? [TN (ACF) 2018]
represents which of the 338. The CO2 compensation point is (a) Tectona grandis
following factors [Karnataka PSC higher in [BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry (b) Dalbergia sissoo
(ACF/RFO) 2011] entrance examination 2019] (c) Dalbergia latifolia
(a) Edaphic (a) C3 Species (d) Gmelina arborea
(b) Climatic (b) C4 Species 346. One among the following is not
(c) Topographic (c) CAM plants a drought hard species [ICAR
(d) Biotic (d) Same in all (SRF) 2019]
332. In an irrigated field, crops lose 339. Liebig proposed [ICAR (JRF) 2017] (a) Acacia Arabica
water through [ICAR (SRF) 2020] (a) Law of tolerance (b) Bombax ceiba
(a) Evaporation (b) Law of maximum tolerance (c) Madhuca indica
(b) Evapotranspiration (c) Law of minimum (d) Hardwickia binata
(c) Leaching (d) Law of energy 347. Wind pollination is also known
(d) Erosion 340. ............. is the measure of the as [TN (ACF) 2014]
333. The wind which affects the humidity in the air when actual (a) Entomophily
weather but NOT climate is vapor pressure equals saturation (b) Anemophily
called [ICAR (SRF) 2020] vapor pressure [Kerala (RFO) 2019] (c) Hydrophily
(a) Variable wind (a) Absolute humidity (d) Zoophily
(b) Local wind (b) Specific humidity ► INSTRUMENTS
(c) Periodical wind (c) Relative humidity
(d) Trade wind 348. Lux meter is a device used to
(d) Dew point
334. The horizontal transfer of any measure ………………… [WII M.Sc.
341. Drought resistant hormones [
atmospheric property by wind is Entrance Examination 2017]
ICAR (ASRB/NET) – 2017]
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance (a) Intensity of sound
(a) Gibberellins
examination 2019] produced by animals
(b) Cytokines
(a) Convection (b) Intensity of light falling on
(c) Auxins
(b) Advection the vegetation
(d) Abscisic acid
(c) Anticyclone (c) Water velocity
342. A hormone which is also known
(d) Angular momentum (d) Wind velocity
as stress hormone is plants is
335. In case of fog, visibility is 349. Helio-thermal units describe the
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
reduced to [ICAR (SRF) 2020] examination 2016] relation of temperature with [
(a) 7 km (a) Ethylene ICAR (SRF) 2019]

(b) 2-5 km (b) Auxin (a) Day length

(c) 1-2 km (c) Gibberellins (b) Plant duration
(d) < 1 km (d) ABA (c) Sunshine hours
336. The ultimate ability to withstand 343. ……………is a drought sensitive (d) Respiration
drought depends on [Odisha Civil species [TN (ACF) 2014] 350. A line joining places of equal
(Pre) 2006] (a) Dalbergia latifolia rainfall is called [CGPSC Assistant
(a) Leaf area Professor 2019; ICAR (SRF) 2020]
(b) Pongamia pinnata
(a) Equinox

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 APPSC | 2022

(b) Isostere (b) Anemometer (c) Isotach

(c) Isobar (c) Anemovane (d) Isotherms
(d) Isohyet (d) Psychrometer 362. Ombrometer is another name of
351. Hygrometer is an apparatus for 357. Most accurate instrument for [ ICAR (SRF) 2019]
measuring [MPPSC (ACF) 2011] measuring atmospheric pressure (a) Radiometer
(a) Soil moisture is [ICAR (JRF) 2019] (b) Photometer
(b) Leaf water potential (a) Aneroid barometer (c) Anemometer
(c) Relative humidity (b) Barograph (d) Rain gauge
(d) Wind velocity (c) Kew pattern barometer 363. An instrument used to measure
352. Barometer was invented in [ICAR (d) Mercurial barometer crop canopy temperature [ICAR
(SRF) 2020] 358. Hygrometer use to measuring (SRF) 2019]
(a) 1642 [ICAR (ASRB/NET) 2013-14] (a) Psychrometer
(b) 1643 (a) Humidity (b) Barometer
(c) 1699 (b) Moisture content (c) Infrared thermometer
(d) 1600 (c) Relative humidity (d) Quantum sensor
353. Lines joining points of equal (d) None 364. Which of the following is not a
temperature on a map are called 359. The CVP (Climate, vegetation weather forecasting tool? [ICAR
[ICAR (SRF) 2020] and Productivity) index was (SRF) 2019]
(a) Isohyet developed giver by or developed (a) Pilot balloons
(b) Isotherm by [ICAR (ASRB/NET) 2013-14, 2014- (b) Synoptic chart
(c) Isobar 15; Kerala (RFO) 2019] (c) RADAR
(d) isopleth (a) Saeford (d) GIS
354. wind velocity is measured by (b) Paterson 365. The ET is measured in field
[ICAR (SRF) 2020] (c) Clement conditions by [ICAR (SRF) 2019]
(a) anemometer (d) Egler (a) Gravimetric method
(b) wind vane 360. CVP index refers to [ICAR (JRF) (b) Lysimeter
(c) rain gauge 2017; TN (ACF) 2014] (c) Evaporimeter
(d) pan evaporimeter (a) Climate volume (d) Anemometer
355. which of the following productivity index 366. Hygrometer in a greenhouse is
instrument is used for (b) Crop volume percent index used for measuring
measuring the direction of the (c) Cumulative volume ……………relative humidity
wind water cock [APPSC -Section percent index [APPSC -Section officer 2020]
officer 2020] (d) Climate vegetation and 367. Hyetograph is a plot of rainfall
356. An instrument designed to productivity index against [ICAR (SRF) 2019]
measure both the wind speed 361. Line joining the areas of same (a) Intensity
and its direction is named as wind speed are called as [ICAR (b) Time
[BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance (SRF) 2019] (c) Probability
examination 2019] (a) Isohyet (d) Height
(a) Wind vane (b) Isobars

Chapter 5 | EDAPHIC FACTORS

(c) Odum (d) None of these

► MYCORRIZA
(d) Tansley 370. In the term mycorrhiza the word
368. The term mycorrhiza was coined 369. In the term mycorrhiza the word rrhiza means [TN (ACF) 2012]
by……………in the year 1885 [TN Myco means [TN (ACF) 2012] (a) Bacteria
(ACF) 2012] (a) Bacteria (b) Roots
(a) Fosberg (b) Roots (c) Fungus
(b) Frank (c) Fungus (d) Beneficial

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 FORESTRY

371. Which of the following minerals (b) Competitive, both (c) Azadirachta indica
are absorbed by mycorrhizal organisms are competing (d) Leucaena leucocephala
fungi ? [TN (ACF) 2012] for water and minerals 382. A nitrogen fixing blue green alga
(a) N, P, K found in the soil. is [WII M.Sc. entrance (Biological
(b) Ca, S, Zn (c) Mutualistic, the root tissue Science) 2015]
(c) Cu, Sr provides organic (a) Ulothrix
(d) All of these compounds for the fungi, (b) Spirogyra
372. Endomycorrhiza occurs in [TN and the fungi absorb water (c) Anabaena
(ACF) 2012] and nutrients and transfer (d) Rhizobium
(a) Acacia spp. most of these resources to 383. Which of the following is
(b) Pinus spp. the host plant. considered as a biofertilizer
(c) Cedrus spp. (d) Commensalistic, the root [Bihar PSC ACF 2020]
(d) Abies spp. tissue provides organic (a) FYM
373. Ectomycorrhiza commonly compounds for the fungi, (b) Compost
present in [ICAR (JRF) 2017] but the plant is not affected (c) Green manure
(a) Pine by its presence. (d) BGA
(b) Oak 384. The blue green cyanobacteria
► BIOFERTILIZERS / RHIZOBIUM
(c) Beech also fix …………… without
(d) All 377. Which show the symbiotic association with plants.
374. What is Hartig net? [WII M.Sc. relationship? [MPPSC (ACF) 2011] (a) Nitrogen
entrance (Forestry) 2007] (a) Rhizobium (b) Phosphorous
(a) Growth pattern influenced (b) Azotobacter (c) Magnesium
by climate (c) Clostridium (d) Potassium
(b) Physiological disorder (d) Nitrosomonas 385. For biofertilizers which
(c) Interface formed by 378. Rhizobium is [MPPSC (ACF) 2011] statement is correct ? [MPSC
mycorrhizal hyphae inside (a) Bacteria (ACF) 2017]
plant root (b) Fungi (a) It is low cost and easy
(d) Associated with spike (c) Lichen technique
disease of sandal (d) Algae (b) It requires skilled labor
375. The most common type of 379. Rhizobium culture is used to (c) It is free from pollution
Mycorrhizae found in the increase biological nitrogen hazards
species of pines and oaks are fixation in [MPSC (ACF) 2019; Bihar (d) It is increase
[RPSC ACF/RFO (2018) Forestry] PSC ACF 2020] physicochemical properties
(a) Endomycorrhizae (a) Pulse crops /Lrgumes of soil
(b) Zoochlorellae (b) Cereal crops 386. A biofertilizer which involves a
(c) None of these (c) Oilseeds pteridophyte host is [WII M.Sc.
(d) Ectomycorrhizae (d) Cotton entrance (Biological Science) 2015]
376. Mycorrhizae in roots of some 380. Name the organism involved in (a) Rhizobium
plant species have a ………………… asymbiotic nitrogen fixation (b) Anabaena
relationship because [Bihar PSC – ACF 2020] (c) Clostridium
………………… the word and clause (a) Frankia (d) Azotobacter
which correctly fill the blanks (b) Rhizobium 387. The cultures Azotobacter and
are respectively. (c) Nostoc Azospirillum and used
(a) Parasitic, the mycorrhizae (d) Oscillatoria for……………crops for the
fungi invade the root tissue 381. One of the following tree nutrition of nitrogen [MPSC (ACF)
and absorb water and species is not nitrogen fixing 2015]
nutrients from the plant [MPPSC (ACF) 2011] (a) Leguminous
tissue. (a) Acacia nilotica (b) Non-leguminous
(b) Dalbergia sissoo

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 APPSC | 2022

(c) Both leguminous and non- 394. Which of the following tree fixes (c) Rhizobium
leguminous nitrogen through Frankia [MPPSC (d) Azospirillum
(d) None of the above (ACF) 2014] 401. The nitrogen fixation in Alnus
388. The non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing (a) Acacia nilotica nepalensis is attributed to [BHU
bacteria is [RPSC ACF/RFO (2018) (b) Dalbergia sissoo (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
Forestry] (c) Casuarinas equisetifolia examination 2019]

(a) Frankia (d) Cedrus deodara (a) Rhizobium

(b) Clostridium 395. Which of the following is non- (b) Frankia
(c) Nostoc leguminous nitrogen fixing (c) Azotobacter
(d) Rhizobium species? [Odisha Civil (Pre) 2011] (d) Azospirillum
389. Green manuring plants are [Sikkim (a) Alnus nitida 402. Non-leguminous N-fixing tree
PSC Sub-inspector 2018 ] (b) Leucaena leucocephala [Sikkim PSC - 2]

(a) Egyptian clover (Barseem) (c) Pongamia pinnata (a) Alnus nepalensis
Trifolium alexandrium (d) Robinia pseudoacacia (b) Leucaena leucocephala
(b) Dhaincha (jayannti) 396. The microorganism associated (c) Acacia nilotica
Sesbania bispinosa with Casuarina for Nitrogen- (d) Calliandra Spp.
(c) Cowpea (Lobia) Vigna fixation is [TN (ACF) 2014] 403. Nitrogen fixing tree [ICAR (JRF)
2015]
sinensis (a) Rhizobium
(a) Cedrus deodara
(d) All of the above (b) Frankia
(b) Acacia catechu
390. IRON (Leghemoglobin) is a real (c) Mycorrhizae
(c) Pinus roxburghii
element which participates in (d) Azotobacter
(d) Tectona grandis
the fixation of nitrogen in root 397. An example for nitrogen fixing
404. ………… forms root nodules in
nodules [Karnataka (RFO)-2012-13] tree is [TN (ACF) 2014]
casuarina species [ICAR (JRF)
(a) Teak
► NITROGEN FIXATION BY TREES 2015]
(b) Neem
391. A common non-nitrogen fixing (a) Rhizobium
(c) Subabool
tree of the Himalayan region is (b) Frankia
(d) Simarouba
[WII (M.Sc.) Entrance Examination (c) Nostoc
398. …………… is non-leguminous
2003] (d) None
nitrogen fixing tree [TN (ACF)
(a) Pinus roxburghii 2014] ► ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS
(b) Quercus semecarpifolia (a) Casuarina equisetifolia
(c) Alnus nepalensis 405. How many essential elements
(b) Alnus nepalensis
(d) Cedrus deodara are needed by plants? [WII M.Sc.
(c) (a) and (b)
entrance (Forestry) 2007]
392. Which of the following species (d) Azadirachta indica
does not fix atmospheric N2 [WII (a) 5
399. Nitrogen fixing non-leguminous
M.Sc. entrance (Forestry) 2007] (b) 9
tree is [ICAR (JRF) 2011, 2016; BHU
(a) Acacia mangium (c) 16
(M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
(b) Casuarinas equisetifolia (d) 20
examination 2016, 2018; TN (ACF)
(c) Alnus nepalensis 2018]
406. The 17th nutrient added to the
(d) Cassia siamea (a) Dalbergia list of essential elements is [BHU
(M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
393. Which of the following non- (b) Siris
examination 2014]
leguminous tree species fixes (c) Leucaena
(a) Boron
nitrogen? [MPPSC (ACF) 2011] (d) Casuarina
(b) Molybdenum
(a) Emblica officinalis 400. Nitrogen fixing ability of
(c) Chlorine
(b) Acacia nilotica Casuarinas is attributable to
(d) Nickel
(c) Casuarina equisetifolia [BHU (M.Sc.) Agroforestry entrance
examination 2016, 2018; APPSC
407. Major nutrients of macro
(d) Mangifera indica
Section officer 2020] nutrients i.e., minerals required
(a) Azotobacter in large quantities by plants are
(b) Frankia [ICAR (JRF) 2019]

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 FORESTRY

(a) Iron, manganese, copper, (a) Nitrogen 410. Chlorosis in plants is due to
boron (b) Phosphorus deficiency of [WII M.Sc.
(b) Nitrogen, phosphorous, (c) Magnesium entrance (Biological Science)
potassium, calcium, (d) Manganese 2015]
magnesium, Sulphur 409. Chlorosis in plants occurs due to (a) Boron
(c) Zinc, copper molybdenum, [Assam (ACF) 2019] (b) Nitrogen
iron (a) high sunlight intensity (c) Phosphorus
(d) Oxygen, Hydrogen, (b) low sunlight intensity (d) Sulphur
Nitrogen, Carbon (c) absorption of yellow
408. Which of the following in NOT a pigment from soil
macro-nutrient? [APPSC (RFO) (d) Deficiency of Mg and Fe in
2018] the soil

Chapter 6 | TOPOGRAPHIC FACTORS

411. Which of the following is not a (d) Savanna (c) Collection of timber for fuel
topographical factor ? [Odisha 415. The temperature-based zone at and construction purposes
Civil (Pre) 2006] an altitude of 10,000 is [Assam (d) Higher species diversity of
(a) Slope (ACF) 2013] coniferous flora
(b) Altitude (a) Tropical 419. State which statement is correct
(c) Rainfall (b) Subtropical [TN (ACF) 2014]
(d) Aspect (c) Temperate (a) The rate of nutrient cycling
412. When two or more contour lines (d) Alpine is high in coniferous forests
merge with each other they 416. Compared to northern aspect, (b) Nutrient cycling is slow in
represent feature of vertical intensity of light on southern northern latitudes
slopes such as [APPSC (RFO) 2018] aspect is [Odisha Civil (Pre) 2006] compared to tropical
(a) Cliff (a) 1.6 to 2.3 times higher regions
(b) Spur (b) 2.4 to 3.5 times higher (c) Nutrient cycling between
(c) Valley (c) 1.6 to 2.3 times lower regions are same
(d) Conical hill (d) 2.4 to 3.5 times lower (d) No difference in nutrient
413. Which of the following 417. Which of the following cycling between silvicultural
statements is correct ? [WII M.Sc. statements are not associate system
entrance (Forestry) 2009] with orographic storms? [Odisha 420. ……………. Is the process of
(a) The effect of aspect is more Civil (Pre) 2011] transformation of mineral and
obvious in higher latitudes (a) A pronounced rain-shadow organic substances in the soil
(b) The north facing aspects region on the lee-side body [TN (ACF) 2018]
are warmer in the northern (b) Major source of (a) Horizonation
hemisphere during winter precipitation in the (b) Translocation
(c) At equator north and south Himalayan region (c) Humification
aspects receive differential (c) Distribution of precipitation (d) Decalcification
amounts of direct beam is spotty 421. The region, which is defined as
radiation (d) None of the above an area of uniform climatic
(d) Latitude at any rate cannot 418. Timber line in eastern Himalaya conditions and having distinctly
simulate aspect effects is higher than in western recognizable type of vegetation,
414. Upper limit of altitude beyond Himalayas because of [Odisha is known as [Assam (ACF) 2019]
which trees are generally NOT Civil (Pre) 2011] (a) biodiversity hotspot
found is called [ICAR (JRF) 2020 ] (a) Least impact of migration (b) phytogeographical region
(a) Tree line and encroachment (c) climatic zone region
(b) Base line (b) Higher precipitation and (d) seismic zone region
(c) Taiga trend of rains

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 FORESTRY

I II 443. Find out the incorrectly matched forest area is [ Karnataka (RFO)
(A) Parasite (i) Weed one [TN (ACF) 2018] 2008]

(a) Parasite Cuscuta (a) Bauhinia vahlii

(B) Epiphyte (ii) Haustoria
(b) Bauhinia alba
(b) Epiphyte Tinospora
(C) Sucking (iii) Grow on (c) Bauhinia variegate
roots host (c) Climber Liana (d) Bauhinia sulphurica
(iv) Derive (d) Abnoxious 447. Which of the following is
(D) Loranthus
nutrition weed example of commensalism?
Euphotorium
from host (a) Mycorrhizae
444. Invasive alien weed is [TN (ACF)
2018] (b) Browsing
(A) (B) (C) (D) (a) Cynodon dactylon (c) Pollination
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) Lantana camera (d) Lianas
(b) 2 1 4 3 (c) Solanum torvum 448. The phenomenon in which an
(c) 3 4 1 2 (d) Cassia tora organism living in or on the body
(d) 4 3 2 1 445. Climber generally harmful when of another organism and
the trees are [ICAR (ASRB/NET) deriving its food more or less
442. The undesirable and unwanted
2013-14] permanently from tissues, is
plant among desired plant
(a) Old called Parasitism.
species is [TN (ACF) 2018]
(b) Young
(a) Grass
(c) Both a & b
(b) Climber
(d) none
(c) Weed
446. The climber which affects the
(d) Tendril
shape and growth of stem in

Chapter 1 | GENERAL FORESTRY

1. c 2. b 3. b 4. d 5. b 6. d 7. d 8. c 9. a 10. b 11. c 12. a 13. c

14. a 15. a 16. b 17. a 18. a 19. a 20. a 21. c 22. d 23. c 24. b 25. c 26. b
27. c 28. b 29. c 30. b 31. b 32. d 33. d 34. a 35. d 36. a 37. c 38. b 39. a
40. b 41. b 42. b 43. d 44. a 45. c 46. a 47. a 48. c 49. b 50. a 51. a 52. a
53. c 54. d 55. a 56. a 57. d 58. a 59. b 60. d 61. b 62. a 63. b 64. c 65. c
66. d 67. d 68. d 69. c 70. b 71. b 72. b 73. b 74. d 75. d 76. b 77. a 78. d
79. c 80. b 81. a 82. b 83. c 84. a 85. b 86. c 87. d 88. b 89. d 90. b 91. d
92. c 93. b 94. a 95. c 96. b 97. c 98. 99. c 100.b 101.b 102.d 103.a 104.b
105.a 106.c 107.b 108.b 109.c 110.c 111.a 112.b 113.c 114.c 115.c 116.a 117.b
118.b 119.a 120.b 121.a 122.d 123.a 124.d 125.a 126.d 127.d 128. 129.b 130.c
131.b 132.c 133.b 134.a 135.c 136.d 137.a 138.b 139.d 140.a 141.a 142.c 143.b
144.a 145.d 146.c 147.d 148.c 149.a 150.b 151.a 152.d 153.b 154.b 155.c 156.c
157.a 158.c 159.b 160.c 161.b 162. 163.c 164.a 165.a 166.d 167.b 168.b 169.d
170.b 171.a 172.a 173.d 174.c 175.b 176.a 177. 178.a 179.b 180.d 181.c 182.b
183.c 184.c 185. 186. 187.b

Chapter 2 | FOREST FORESTRY AND SILVICULTURE

188.b 189.d 190.d 191.c 192.b 193.c 194.c 195.c 196.c 197.b 198.c 199.c 200.b
201.d 202.b 203.b 204.a 205.a 206.a 207.c 208.b 209.c 210.c 211.b 212.c 213.c

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 APPSC | 2022

214.d 215.b 216.a 217.d 218.a 219.a 220.c 221.c 222.c 223.b 224.d 225.a 226.b
227.c 228.c 229.c 230.c 231.a 232.c 233.d 234.b 235.d 236.b 237.c 238.b 239.a
240.a 241.b 242.b 243.c 244.c 245.a 246.a 247.d 248.a 249.c 250.c 251.b 252.b
253.a 254.a

Chapter 3 | LOCALITY FACTORS

255. a 256.a 257. 258.b 259.c 260.c 261.c

Chapter 4 | CLIMATIC FACTORS

262.a 263.a 264.d 265.c 266.c 267.a 268.a 269.b 270.b 271.a 272.d 273.d 274.b
275.c 276.a 277.c 278.c 279.c 280. 281.a 282.d 283.b 284.d 285.d 286.b 287.d
288.b 289.d 290.b 291.d 292.d 293.a 294.b 295.d 296.a 297.b 298.b 299.a 300.
301.d 302. 303.a 304. 305.b 306.a 307.d 308.d 309.a 310.c 311.c 312.b 313.b
314. 315.a 316. 317.c 318.b 319.c 320.a 321.c 322.a 323.d 324.d 325.d 326.d
327.b 328.b 329.c 330.b 331.b 332.b 333.b 334.b 335.d 336.d 337.b 338.a 339.c
340.d 341.d 342.d 343.d 344.a 345.a 346.c 347.b 348.b 349.c 350.d 351.c 352.b
353.b 354.a 355. 356.c 357. 358.c 359.b 360.d 361.c 362.d 363.c 364.d 365.c
366. 367.b

Chapter 5 | EDAPHIC FACTORS

368.b 369.c 370.b 371.d 372.a 373.d 374.c 375.d 376.c 377.a 378.a 379.a 380.d
381.c 382. 383.d 384.a 385.d 386.b 387.b 388. 389.d 390. 391.c 392. 393.c
394.c 395.a 396.b 397.c 398.c 399.d 400.b 401.b 402.a 403.b 404.b 405.c 406.d
407.d 408.d 409.d 410.b

Chapter 6 | TOPOGRAPHIC FACTORS

411.c 412.a 413. 414.a 415.d 416.a 417.b 418.b 419.b 420.c 421.b

Chapter 7 | BIOTIC FACTORS

422.c 423.d 424. 425.b 426.b 427.c 428.a 429.b 430.a 431.b 432.b 433.d 434.b
435.c 436.d 437.c 438.b 439.c 440.d 441.d 442.c 443.d 444.b 445.b 446.a 447.d
448.

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